高一英语阅读理解专项训练100(附答案)含解析

高一英语阅读理解专项训练100(附答案)含解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

There are lots of ways to educate yourself on the Internet. You can find photos, documents, and films on almost any topic you can imagine. And at https://www.360docs.net/doc/c119075917.html,, you can access lectures by artists, scholars, designers, technicians and others.

TED began in 1984 as a conference that brought together individuals from the fields of technology, entertainment and design. It was intended to be a one-time event focusing on technology and design. The event ended up losing money, and it was six years before the founders tried it again. This time it worked, and since 1990, the TED conference has been an annual event. There are now two held every year, with topics as diverse as music, medicine, and money. Other specialized spin-off conferences address narrower issues.

The TED website came from a desire to share the conferences with the world, to "offer free knowledge from the world's most inspired thinkers," as the website puts it. The current version of the site was launched in April 2007, and contains videos of talks given at the TED conferences around the world. The talks are transcribed into hundreds of languages.

The TED website is owned by the Sapling Foundation, a non profit devoted to fostering the spread of great ideas. The Sapling foundation acquired TED in 2001. Since then, it has been focusing on using TED to broadcast ideas that might change the world.

TED, of course, isn't immune to criticism. It's been called elitist(精英) for its high ticket prices (more than 6,000 dollars total). It's been accused by a few people of censorship for not publishing their talks. One controversial speaker was upset about being criticized by the conference's host afterward.

The complaints, however, seem to be relatively few for such a large, long-running organization. And accusations of elitism ring hollow when so much is given away for free on TED's website. Whatever its failings, TED is a source of inspirational information for those who seek it out.

（1）What is the main topic of the article?

A.The case against TED

B.What's on TED today.

C.Pros and cons of https://www.360docs.net/doc/c119075917.html,.

D.What is TED

（2）Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A.The TED conference came after the success of https://www.360docs.net/doc/c119075917.html,.

B.Two TED conferences are now held every year.

C.TED talks are available in many languages.

D.The Sapling Foundation owns https://www.360docs.net/doc/c119075917.html,.

（3）From the last two paragraphs, we can infer that ________.

A.it is accepted to all involved that some TED talks might not be published

B.the host of the conference is one who plays a supportive role to the speakers

C.TED is criticized for giving special treatment to the wealthy or powerful

D.the negative comments on TED greatly affects its reputation

（4）This author probably believes that________.

A.TED is elitist

B.TED is beneficial

C.TED isn't important

D.TED is the best website

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了TED以及它的历史发展。

（1）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“And at https://www.360docs.net/doc/c119075917.html,, you can access lectures by artists, scholars, designers, technicians and others.”在https://www.360docs.net/doc/c119075917.html,，你可以访问艺术家、学者、设计师、技术人员和其他人的演讲。以及以下几个段落的内容，可知这篇文章的主题是“TED 是什么”，故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The TED website came from a desire to share the conferences with the world, to ‘offer free knowledge from the world's most inspired thinkers,’ as the website puts it.”TED网站源于一种与世界分享会议的愿望，用网站的话说，就是“向世界上最有灵感的思想家们提供免费的知识”。可知，“TED大会是在https://www.360docs.net/doc/c119075917.html,网站成功之后召开的”这种表述错误，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“TED, of course, isn't immune to criticism. It's been called elitist(精英) fo r its high ticket prices.”当然，TED也免不了受到批评。它因其高昂的票价被称为精英主义；以及最后一段中的“And accusations of elitism ring hollow when so much is given away for free on TED's website.”而当这么多东西在泰德的网站上免费赠送时，精英主义的指责就显得空洞了。可推断出，TED因给予富人或有权势的人特殊待遇而受到批评，故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Whatever its failings, TED is a source of inspirational information for those who seek it out.”不管它的缺点是什么，TED都是那些寻找它的人鼓舞人心的信息来源。可推断出，这位作者可能认为TED是有益的，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

A study, conducted by David Evans of the World Bank and Anna Popova of Stanford University, looked at 19 programs around the world in which individuals were given cash transfers from the government, either as a handout or as a "reward" for something like getting kids to school on time or taking them to the doctor for checkups.

Evans and Popova looked at the impact those cash transfers had on the family budget and whether or not they led to an increase in spending on alcohol and cigarettes .What they found was that they almost always led to a reduction in a family's alcohol and tobacco purchases.

The news may surprise some people, but it's true, and the researchers have several theories about why.

One theory is that the cash transfer made things possible that once seemed impossible. Investing in their kids' education or buying healthier and more expensive foods may be within reach now, but without the cash handout, these goals weren't even a possibility. So families cut back on other expenses (like alcohol and tobacco) to make those dreams a reality.

Another theory is that people just generally seem to do what they're told. If they are given money and told to use it for their family's welfare, in most cases, they will do just that. And that leads to the third theory: These cash transfers are usually given to women, and studies show that when women control the purse strings, more money is spent on taking care of their children.

Whatever the reason for the trend, the data is clear—families that receive cash handouts don't waste the money on booze and cigarettes as was previously thought. Instead, they typically use that money for the benefit of their families. And that's money well spent.

（1）The study proves that .

A. cash transfers help poor families get what would seem unavailable otherwise

B. cash should be given to poor people as a reward for something good for kids

C. given cash handouts, poor people would spend the money on alcohol and tobacco

D. poor people would save the cash given by the government for emergency needs

（2）A cash transfer led to a reduction in a family's alcohol and tobacco purchases because .

A. the education gained with the cash would help them drop alcohol and tobacco

B. the money previously for alcohol and tobacco would help realize their dream

C. buying healthier and more expensive foods left less money for alcohol and tobacco

D. that was the promise made before the cash transfer was given to the poor family

（3）In paragraph 5, when the author said "women control the purse strings", he just meant " ".

A. women are told what to do

B. women are given the money

C. women know what to do with the money

D. women have the final word for money

（4）The passage mainly tells us .

A. how the study was carried out

B. why cash transfer is preferred

C. the findings of a study and explanations to them

D. the theories for a study about cash transfers

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，世界银行和斯坦福大学的专家进行了一项研究，给贫穷家庭一笔汇款，结果发现汇款能够减少烟酒方面的花销，作者分析了出现这一现象的原因。

（1）考查推理判断。根据最后一段“Whatever the reason for the trend, the data is clear—families that receive cash handouts don't waste the money on booze and cigarettes as was previously thought.Instead, they typically use that money for the benefit of their families. And that's money well spent.”可知给贫穷家庭的汇款并不会被使用在酒精和香烟上，很多贫穷家庭会用来改善生活。这与之前的看法是相反的。故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段“ One theory is that the cash transfer made things possible that once seemed impossible. Investing in their kids' education or buying healthier and more expensive foods may be within reach now, but without the cash handout, these goals weren't even a possibility. So families cut back on other expenses (like alcohol and tobacco) to make those d reams a reality.”可知当某些家庭得到汇款以后，他们会把这笔钱和用在喝酒抽烟上的钱一起被用在孩子的教育上，或购买之前无法购买的东西上。故选B。

（3）考查句义猜测。根据倒数第二段中的“These cash transfers are usually given to women, and studies show that when women control the purse strings, more money is spent on taking care of their chil dren.”可知当汇款给了女性以后，通常都会有比较好的结果。故划线句指“女性控制花钱的话语权”。故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。本文是一篇说明文，世界银行和斯坦福大学的专家进行了一项研究，给贫穷家庭一笔汇款，结果发现汇款能够减少烟酒方面的花销，并分析了出现这一现象的原因。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇调查报告，要求考生根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

LOS ANGELES — Kobe Bryant is a winner in retirement, too. The former Los Angeles Lakers star won an Oscar in the animated short category for "Dear Basketball," a poem he wrote after ending his 20-year career on the court in 2016.

He'll add it to an already jammed trophy collection that includes five NBA championships with the Lakers, two Olympic gold medals, NBA Finals most valuable player awards, a league MVP award and four All-Star game MVP awards.

As executive producer, Bryant accepted his golden Oscar statue from "Star Wars" star Mark Hamill on Sunday night. He shared the award with Disney animator Glen Keane.

Among those offering their congratulations via Twitter were Hall of Famers Magic Johnson, Bill Russell and Shaquille O'Neal, Bryant's former Lakers teammate who admitted, "I'm jealous!" Since hanging up his basketball shoes, Bryant has thrown himself into business (a new Nike shoe) and various forms of storytelling.

"As basketball players, we're told to shut up and dribble," Bryant said on stage. "I'm glad we did a little bit more than that."

He thanked his wife, Vanessa, and his three daughters, naming each of them. He spoke a few words of Italian — a language he learned as a child growing up in Italy — and closed by telling them, "You are my inspiration."

（1）According to the passage, Kobe Bryant won the Oscar because of_________.

A. his taking part in the animation movie

B. his famous reputation in basketball

C. his poem written after his former career

D. his winning in the animated short category （2）Which of the following can replace the underlined word "trophy"?

A. award

B. present

C. harvest

D. possession

（3）Where is the passage most probably taken from?

A. A personal diary

B. A science report

C. A newspaper

D. A textbook

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，洛杉矶-科比也是一个退休的胜利者。退役后的科比仍然在不断刷新自己的奖牌数量，这位前洛杉矶湖人球星因《亲爱的篮球》获得了动画短片奖。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“The former Los Angeles Lakers star won an Oscar in the animated short category for ‘Dear Basketball,’ a poem he wrote after ending his 20-year career on the court in 2016.”得知科比的获奖原因是一首他写的诗。故选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“…includes five NBA championships w ith the Lakers, two Olympic gold medals, NBA Finals most valuable player awards, a league MVP award and four All-Star game MVP awards.”可知这里在讲科比获得的各种奖项。故选A。

（3）考查文章出处。根据新闻报道的特点，一般报道的开头是大写的地方名，并且第一段将报道的主要内容呈现。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和文章出处三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

In June 2014, two leading media in America reported that three-year-old Victoria Wilcher, who suffered facial scarring, was kicked out of a KFC because she was a frightening customer. Later, KFC announced that no evidence had been found to support the story. This phenomenon is largely a product of the increasing pressure in newsrooms that care more about traffic figures.

Brooke Binkowski, an editor, says that she has seen a shift towards less responsibility in newsrooms. "Clickbait is king, so newsrooms will uncritically print something unreal. Not all newsrooms are like this, but a lot of them are."

Asked what the driving factor was, a journalist said, "You've a strict editor and you've to meet your targets. And some young journalists are inexperienced and will not do those checks. So much news reported online happens online. There is no need to get out and knock on someone's door. You just sit at your desk and do it."

Another journalist says, "More clicks equal more money. At my former employer in particular,

the pressure was due to the limited resources. That made the environment quite horrible to work in."

In a Feb. 2015 report for Digital Journalism, Craig Silverman wrote, "Today the bar for what is worth giving attention to seems to be much lower. Within minutes or hours, a badly sourced report can be changed into a story that is repeated by dozens of news websites, resulting in tens of thousands of shares. The rumor becomes true for readers simply by virtue of its ubiquity."

And, despite the direction that some newsrooms seem to be heading in, a critical eye is becoming more, not less important, according to the New York Times' public editor, Margaret Sullivan. "Reporters and editors have to be more careful than ever before. It's extremely important to question and to prove before publication." Yet those working in newsrooms talk of doubtful stories being tolerated. In the words of some senior editors, "a click is a click, regardless of the advantage of a story". And, "if the story does turn out to be false, it's simply a chance for another bite at the cherry."

（1）According to Brooke Binkowski, newsrooms produce false news because _________.

A.clicks count a lot

B.resources are limited

C.budgets are tight

D.journalists lack experience

（2）What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 probably mean?

A.Lies can't sell without something related to the truth.

B.Rumors are like a flame blown by the wind.

C.Most people are easy to cheat by the false news online.

D.A lie will end up as truth, if repeated often enough.

（3）What's Margaret Sullivan's attitude towards false news online?

A.Negative.

B.Supportive.

C.Skeptical.

D.Neutral.

（4）What is the best title of the passage?

A.Spread of false stories.

B.Causes of online false news.

C.Duties of journalists.

D.Relative laws needed to regulate the online news.

【答案】（1）A

（2）D

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者根据一段虚假新闻的实例分析了造成这种现象的原因及人们对此的态度。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Clickbait is king, so newsrooms will uncritically print something unreal. Not all newsrooms are like this, but a lot of the m are.”可知Brooke Binkowski

认为文章的标题和点击率是虚假新闻产生的重要原因，故选A。

（2）考查句义猜测。根据第五段中的“The rumor becomes true for readers simply by virtue of its ubiquity.”谣言由于它的普遍传播就会变成真的，即说的人多了谣言就变成真的了。与D项A lie will end up as truth, if repeated often enough.同义，故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Reporters and editors have to be more careful than ever before. It's extremely important to question and to prove before publication.”可知Margaret Sullivan认为编辑一定要更细心，在发表之前要认真审核证实。由此可见他对网络虚假新闻是反对的，故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。作者根据一段虚假新闻的实例分析了造成这种现象的原因及人们对此的态度。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，句义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

The French Danone company is the latest to replace some plastic water bottles with aluminum (铝) cans. Competitors like Coca-Cola, PepsiCo and Nestle have also started selling water in aluminum cans.

Replacing plastic water bottles that pollute the seas with recyclable aluminum cans should be an easy way to help the environment, right?

Maybe not.

Aluminum cans might result in less ocean waste, and the metal containers also are lighter than glass or plastic bottles, but they also come with their own cost to the environment. The production of an aluminum can is estimated to release two times as much carbon dioxide into the air as a plastic bottle.

"That's the dilemma you're going to have to choose between," said Ruben Griffioen, an official at beermaker Heineken. He said his company was Lrying to reduce the use of plastic bottles.

Bruce Karas of Coca - Cola North America agreed. He said, "There's a mix. There are some things that are not that desirable, but if you have five good things and one that isn't, we'll all have to make decisions." He added, "It'll never be that clean.”

Bottled water is a 19 billion industry. Although its use of cans is increasing, experts say cans are unlikely to completely replace plastic bottles.

Aluminum is costlier than plastic so canned drinks mean higher prices for buyers. Another major consideration is user convenience-cans stay open while bottles can be reclosed. More importantly, there is one barrier to ending the use of plastic water bottles: There may not be enough cans to go around. Beer and wine makers are now also increasingly using aluminum.（1）What's the advantage of aluminum cans?

A.They are pollution-free.

B.They are lighter.

C.They are cost-effective.

D.They are low-carbon.

（2）What is Karas's attitude to replacing plastic bottles with aluminum cans?

A.Supportive.

B.Disapproving.

C.Neutral

D.Indifferent.

（3）What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

A.The wide application of aluminum cans.

B.The promising future aluminum cans

C.The major advantages of aluminum cans.

D.The unavoidable limitations of aluminum cans.

（4）What is the best title for the text?

A.Aluminum Cans or Plastic Bottles?

B.A Blessing or a Misfortune?

C.How to Deal with Plastic Bottles?

D.Why Do We Choose Aluminum Cans?

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了铝罐代替塑料或玻璃瓶的优势，如铝罐可能会减少海洋垃圾，金属容器也比玻璃或塑料瓶轻，但它们也会给环境带来代价，同时说明了使用铝罐的一些局限性。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Aluminum cans might result in less ocean waste, and the metal containers also are lighter than glass or plastic bottles, but they also come with their own cost to the environment.”铝罐可能会减少海洋垃圾，金属容器也比玻璃或塑料瓶轻，但它们也会给环境带来代价，可知铝罐的优点是它们更轻。故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据倒数第三段中的“Bruce Karas of Coca - Cola North America agreed. ”来自北美可口可乐公司的Bruce Karas对此表示赞同，可知Karas对用铝罐代替塑料瓶持支持态度。故选A。

（3）考查段落大意。根据最后一段中的“More importantly, there is one barrier to ending the use of plastic water bottles: There may not be enough cans to go around.”更重要的是，停止使用塑料水瓶有一个障碍：可能没有足够的罐子，结合本段主要说明了铝罐的造价高和数量不够等一些不可避免的局限性，故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的“Replacing plastic water bottles that pollute the seas with recyclable aluminum cans should be an easy way to help the environment, right? ”用可回收的铝罐代替污染海洋的塑料水瓶应该是一种帮助环境的简单方法，对吗？文章主要说明了铝罐代替塑料或玻璃瓶的优势，如铝罐可能会减少海洋垃圾，金属容器也比玻璃或塑料瓶轻，但它们也会给环境带来代价，文章还说明了使用铝罐的一些局限性。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，段落大意和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行

分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

A new study shows that air pollution can cause a huge reduction in our intelligence. The study was a project involving researchers at Peking University in China and Yale University in the United States.

The researchers reported that long-term exposure to air pollution can affect a person's mental abilities in two areas: Language and math.

The researchers studied about 25,000 people from across China. Between 2010 and 2014, these Chinese men, women and children were given language and math tests. Then researchers compared the test results with measurements of pollution in the air, namely nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide (二氧化硫).

Xi Chen of the Yale School of Public Health led the study. He and his team found that breathing polluted air can reduce a person's education level by about one year.

Chen said that the effect generally is worse for those over 64 years of age, for men and for those with little or no education.

“The older persons—they are more affected. And we find, quite amazingly, males are more affected than females. And people working outdoors are more affected than people working indoors.

He noted that the youngest people in the study were 10 years old, while the oldest was 90 years old. They came from China's 33 provinces. In his words, the data and facts are convincing and this range of ages and locations across the country provided a real, objective and representative sample.

The researchers noted that the effect of air pollution on verbal ability is even more serious as people age, especially among men and the less educated. The researchers also stressed that every country, whether developed, developing or poor, should focus on air pollution or humans will face a bad situation.

（1）What is the result of the study?

A.Air pollution has a bad effect on people's intelligence.

B.Females are more affected by air pollution than males.

C.Americans are more affected by air pollution than Chinese.

D.People working indoors are actually not affected by air pollution.

（2）What did Chen say about the study?

A.It is doubtful.

B.It is extremely unfair.

C.It is common and not representative.

D.It is relatively objective and persuasive.

（3）What did the researchers emphasize in the last paragraph?

A.The data from the 33 provinces is convincing.

B.The whole world should pay attention to air pollution.

C.The less educated take more responsibility for air pollution.

D.Air pollution's influence on verbal ability is less serious as people age.

（4）Where is the text most likely taken from?

A.A life diary.

B.A guidebook.

C.A science magazine.

D.A biography.

【答案】（1）A

（2）D

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项新的研究表明，长期暴露在空气污染中会在语言和数学两个方面影响一个人的智力，因此每个国家都应关注空气污染否则人类将面临一个糟糕的局面。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The researchers reported that long-term exposure to air pollution can affect a person's mental abilities in two areas: Language and math.”可知，研究人员报告说，长期暴露在空气污染中会在两个方面影响一个人的智力：语言和数学。即研究结果是空气污染会对人们的智力产生不良影响。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“I n his words, the data and facts are convincing and this range of ages and locations across the country provided a real, objective and representative sample.”可知，用Xi Chen的话说，调查得到的数据和事实令人信服，全国各地的不同年龄和不同地方的人提供了真实，客观和有代表性的研究样本。即Xi Chen对这项研究说的是“研究结果是相对客观和有说服力的。”故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段“The researchers noted that the effect of air pollution on verbal ability is even more serious as people age, especially among men and the less educated. The researchers also stressed that every country, whether developed, developing or poor, should focus on air pollution or humans will face a bad situation.”可知，研究人员指出，随着人们年龄的增长，空气污染对言语能力的影响更加严重，尤其是在男性和文化程度较低的人群中。研究人员还强调，每个国家，无论是发达国家，发展中国家还是贫穷国家，都应关注空气污染否则人类将面临一个糟糕的局面。因此在最后一段中研究人员强调了全世界应该注意空气污染。故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第一段“A new study shows th at air pollution can cause a huge reduction in our intelligence. The study was a project involving researchers at Peking University in China and Yale University in the United States.”可知，本文的话题是研究表明空气污染会大大降低人们的智力。该研究是一个由中国北京大学和美国耶鲁大学的研究人员参与的项目。因此可以推断出文章可能来自于科学杂志。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

Castle Dale is a small town in central Utah. My grandpa's farm is a few miles to the north. I

grew up there. Milking a cow, feeding the chickens and cutting firewood were daily routines. Grandpa had me carrying a broom to do snow cleaning when it was actually taller than I was. This was the work kids like me learned to do at a young age.

I was tall, very tall at a really young age. My unusual height caused people to look, ask questions, laugh, tease, and sometimes even challenge me to fight. I was teased cruelly as a kid. It wasn't fair, I knew, but that was just the way it was. Luckily, I was taught at a very young age a very important lesson. I am different and that's Okay—I'm unique and I matter. No one could ever take that away from me. I knew this then, and I know this now. That alone helped me through the frustrations and heartaches of normal life.

When I was in junior high school, I realized something else that helped me cope. Most teasing came from one of two places—people who were either jealous or ignorant (愚昧). I couldn't change the way they were, but I could change the way I felt. I was not going to feel bad because of their ignorance or jealousy. It wasn't worth it. Realizing this didn't stop them, or change the fact that these comments hurt. It did, however, give me a way to understand these people and deal with their treatment in a way that was okay for me.

These things still happen today. It will probably happen the rest of my life. I will always be 7 feet, 6 inches (2.29 meters) tall. I wouldn't change that for anything. People will always look because it is not every day that you see someone that tall. I learned that at a young age and I now try to teach my own children that they are unique and they matter. That is the message I give to you. Regardless of your race, religion, background, or circumstances ... Being different is okay.

（1）The author mentioned his hometown to show us _______.

A. he is from an ordinary family

B. his grandpa is strict with him

C. he loves this lovely small town

D. he had to do a lot of labor work

（2）The author was often teased because _______.

A. he grew up in a small town

B. he was much taller than others

C. he fought with people easily

D. he didn't want people to watch him

（3）What was the author's attitude towards being teased?

A. He accepted the fact of being different and let it go.

B. He felt angry failing to change others' opinions.

C. He felt hurt hearing people's negative comments.

D. He hated people's ignorance and jealousy.

（4）Which of the following may best describe the theme of the passage?

A. Everything comes to the man who waits.

B. It is the first step that is troublesome.

C. Speech is silver, silence is gold.

D. Keep your head up.

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者从小到大由于身高的特殊性受到了很多嘲笑和欺辱，但是作者并未此而感到沮丧．反而认识到不管一个人的种族、宗教、背景或

者所处的环境如何，与众不同也是一种生活态度。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“ Castle Dale is a small town in central Utah”Castle Dale 是“我”的家乡，然后介绍了“我”在祖父的农场长大每天做了很多杂事：给奶牛挤奶，喂鸡、砍柴火等；暗示出从小我来自于一个普通的家庭，并没有表现出特殊的地方。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“My unusual height caused people to look，ask questions，laugh，tease，and sometimes even challenge me to fight．”提到“我”从小身高特别高经常受到周围人的嘲笑。故案选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“I am different and that's Okay—I'm unique and I matter. No one could ever take that away fr om me. I knew this then, and I know this now. “可知“我”自小虽然与众不同，但是从内心接受自己．以及最后一段中的“Regardless of your race, religion, background, or circumstances ... Being different is okay. ”可知，“我”走自己的路让别人说去吧！故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。从整篇文章内容来看，主要描述“我”从小到大由于身高的原因而与众不同，并受到周围人的取笑。但是“我”并为此感到自卑和沮丧，反而勇敢的接受自己并乐观地积极面对。Keep your head up．“把头抬起来”形象描述了“我”的心理状态，符合题意。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

Weaving hammocks is an art that takes a sharp eye, a skilled hand and lots of patience. But in Lenwood Haddock's case, being blind works to his advantage. His trained, sensitive hands are acutely aware of every step of the process. Since beginning his craft in 1986, Lenwood has woven about 145, 000 perfect hammocks.

Lenwood lost his sight in 1973, at age 18, during a hunting accident. “My whole working career has been blind,” he says. He first found a job as a woodworker, but when that organization closed, the North Carolina Division of Services for the Blind connected him with Hatteras Hammocks. On his first day of work. “I did a total of one hammock,” Lenwood recalls, laughing. “And then I came home and lay down to sleep. I lift weights, but I wasn't as tough as I thought until I started weaving.lt takes a lot of energy, and you're standing u p all day.”

In time, however, Lenwood found he had a knack (窍门) for the job. At first he worked on-site at the company, but after a year Lenwood moved his operation to the home workshop where he had worked for 10 years during his woodworking days.

There, he creates dozens of hammocks each week from ropes in a variety of sizes. One day, he

realized the step counter on his phone recorded him walking eight miles without ever leaving his shop.

The process of weaving a hammock involves making and catching hundreds of loops (环). A single missed stitch (织针) creates a hole that can widen and make the hammock uncomfortable or even dangerous to use. Experienced weavers miss loops sometimes, but to his company's knowledge, Lenwood has never turned in a hammock with even one dropped stitch. Lenwood's skilled fingers are quick to catch and fix any mistakes.

The company has acquired other brands and changed its name to The Hammock Source. Today, it is the world's largest maker and seller of hammocks, all built by hand.

However, Lenwood's routine has changed little. He works his fingers back and forth across the rows, looping the rope and pulling it. With every hammock, Lenwood presents himself a perfect product. “I'm not sure how sighted people do it,” h e admits.

（1）Lenwood stopped doing his first job because .

A. it was for people with good eyesight only

B. the company failed to go on with its business

C. the company didn't produce hammocks

D. he was not skilled at doing woodwork

（2）It can be learned from the passage that Lenwood .

A. has been blind all through his life

B. used to work as a hunter to support his family

C. was born in the 1950s with good eyesight

D. has worked as a hammock weaver for 10 years

（3）What can we learn about Lenwood from the 4th paragraph?

A. He moved very often while he was working on a hammock.

B. He had to make different ropes before he wove a hammock.

C. He had to stay 8 miles away from the worksite to complete it.

D. He needed ropes of about 8 miles long to complete a hammock.

（4）What does the passage mainly talk about?

A. the success of the Hammock Source Company

B. a blind craftsman who makes perfect hammocks

C. how to weave perfect hammocks by hand

D. how to become a successful craftsman

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇人物传记，因故双目失明的美国人Lenwood，用其训练有素，敏感的双手创造编织吊床的奇迹。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“He first found a job as a woodworker, but when that organization closed, the North Carolina Division of Services for the Blind connected him with Hatteras Hammocks.”可知，Lenwood十八岁时失明，后来找到第一份工作，但他所在的organization closed，虽没说具体原因，但没有再继续经营下去，故选B。

(2)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Lenwood lost his sight in 1973, at age 18,”Lenwood在1973年十八岁时失明推算出来的，也说明在（1973-18=1955）1955年之前他的眼睛是好的。故选C。

(3)考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“ he realized the step counter on his phone recorded him walking eight miles without ever leaving his shop.”可知， Lenwood所用的计步器显示，他在店里织吊床总共来回行走8英里，由此可推断出他在工作时经常走动。所以选A。

(4)考查主旨大意。全文讲述了一位双目失明的工人Lenwood，凭借自己的训练有素、敏感的双手敏锐地捕捉到编织吊床过程的每一步，编织中过程甚至是经验丰富的织工也会出错，而Lenwood展示了一个个完美的吊床产品，创造了吊床编织的奇迹。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生在准确捕捉细节信息的同时，需要根据上下文，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

Some of the best research on daily experience is rooted in rates of positive and negative interactions, which has proved that being blindly positive or negative can cause others to be frustrated or annoyed or to simply tune out.

Over the last two decades, scientists have made remarkable predictions simply by watching people interact with one another and then scoring the conversations based on the rate of positive and negative interactions. Researchers have used the findings to predict everything from the likelihood that a couple will divorce to the chances of a work team with high customer satisfaction and productivity levels.

More recent research helps explain why these brief exchanges matter so much. When you experience negative emotions as a result of criticism or rejection, for example, your body produces higher levels of the stress hormone, which shuts down much of your thinking and activates (激活) conflict and defense mechanisms (机制). You assume that situations are worse than they actually are.

When you experience a positive interaction, it activates a very different response. Positive exchanges increase your body's production of oxytocin, a feel-good that increases your ability to communicate with, cooperate with and trust others. But the effects of a positive occurrence are less dramatic and lasting than they are for a negative one.

We need at least three to five positive interactions to outweigh every one negative exchange. Bad moments simply outweigh good ones. Whether you're having a conversation, keep this simple short cut in mind: At least 80 percent of your conversations should be focused on what's going right.

Workplaces, for example, often see this. During performance reviews, managers routinely spend 80 percent of their time on weaknesses and “areas for improvement”. The y spend roughly 20 percent of the time on strengths and positive aspects. Any time you have discussions with a person or group, spend the vast majority of the time talking about what is working, and use the remaining time to address weaknesses.

（1）The underlined phrase “tune out” in Paragraph 1 probably means

A. stop listening

B. change one's mind

C. sing aloud

D. be crazy

（2）What will happen if you experience negative emotions?

A. The situations are sure to become worse.

B. Much of your thinking will be prevented.

C. You will feel an urge to improve and become better.

D. You'll be motivated to resolve conflicts with people.

（3）From Paragraph 4, we can learn that

A. we need a positive feeling to beat one negative feeling

B. positive interactions have greater effects than negative ones

C. our conversation should center on what needs improvement

D. the effect of negative feelings lasts longer than that of positive ones

（4）What is the best title for the passage?

A. Harmful Negatives

B. More Positive Interactions

C. How to Be a Productive Manager

D. Less Time on Strengths and Positive Aspects 【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。主要讲述通过一些关于日常经验的研究证明，当你因为批评或遭到拒绝而经历负面情绪时，你的身体会产生较高水平的应激激素，它关闭了你的思维，激活冲突和防御的机制。而当你体验到积极的互动时，积极的交流会增加你与他人沟通、合作和信任的能力。但是积极的影响不如消极的影响更持久，它需要三到五个积极的互动才能去掉一个负面互动。这给我们一个启示，在谈话时尽可能多的积极互动，才会调动人的积极性。

（1）考查猜测词义题。根据第一段中的内容可知，一些关于日常经验的最好研究是建立在积极和消极互动率的基础上的，这证明了盲目的积极或消极会使其他人感到沮丧或烦恼，或者干脆把不理睬。分析选项的内容可知A项符合题意。

（2）考查细节理解题。根据第三段中的中间部分“When you experience negative emotions as a result of criticism or rejection, for example, your body produces higher levels of the stress hormone, which shuts down much of your thinking and activates （激活） conflict and defense mechanisms （机制）.” 可知，你经历负面情绪时，你的身体会产生较高水平的应激激素，它关闭了你的思维机制和激活你的防御机制。由此可判断B项是正确的。

（3）考查细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“But the effects of a positive occurrence ar e less dramatic and lasting than they are for a negative one.”可知，积极面事件的影响不如消极的影响更持久。由此判断出D项正确。

（4）考查主旨大意题。通读全文可知，一些关于日常经验的研究证明，当你因为批评或遭到拒绝而经历负面情绪时，你的身体会产生较高水平的应激激素，它关闭了你的思维，激活冲突和防御的机制。而当你体验到积极的互动时，积极的交流会增加你与他人沟通、合作和信任的能力。但是积极的影响不如消极的影响更持久，它需要三到五个积极的互动才能去掉一个负面互动。这给我们一个启示，在谈话时尽可能多的积极互动，才会调动人的积极性。分析选项可知B项正确。

【点评】科普文客观题的解题方法1.“找”。读完材料，审完题干(题干不可不审清)，可根据题干确定选项的大致范围，开始找与选项相对应的句子，然后再进行合理的想象、推理及判断。有时候选项的语句散见于文章的各处，也一定找准原句。2.“比”。比较时重在关注意

思、关注逻辑关系。有时需要统观全篇，不能只盯住一处。3.“判断”。推断时，切不可只凭主观臆断，一定要找到确切的根据，找到合理的解释。

10．阅读理解

Oh my God, the robots are taking over! We're doomed! Doomed! Now that I've gotten that out of my system, it's become clear that while we may or may not be doomed, the robots are taking over. The latest example is the government's new guidelines for self-driving cars.

Tesla, Google and Uber are already testing driverless cars in cities across America. Uber chief executive Travis Kalanick is among those predicting that by 2021, self-driving cars will play a big part in urban settings.

Nearly 40,000 people died last year in this nation in automobile-related accidents, and we believes driverless cars can save tens of thousands of lives annually.

Makes sense. Robot drivers are less likely to get drunk, drive without a license, text while driving or feel agitated at the scene of a pileup. On the other hand, I wonder how these highly sensitive cars will react, with walkers constantly dashing into the street. Will they jam on the brakes every 10 seconds?

But there's a bigger picture. Not only are robots replacing humans behind the wheel, but behind the work desk, in warehouses, senior homes, you name it. Robots aren't just taking over in the workplace.

The question is, where can't a robot function better than a human? How about writing songs?

A robot can go through every combination of notes in record time and come up with a pleasing melody. The lyrics might be a different story. Is a Grammy-winning song co-written by Hank Human and R-3071 in our future?

Finally, it's only a matter of time until we have robot politicians and presidential candidates. Why not? They can be programmed to be experts in world and domestic affairs and come up with the best solutions without corruption and bad humors.

Actually, it's too bad such technology isn't available in 2016. Pretty sure the robot would win in a landslide.

（1）What does the underlined word “agitated” mean?

A. Tired

B. Cautious

C. Careful

D. Anxious

（2）What doubt does the writer have about self-driving cars?

A. How passengers behave in it.

B. How robot drivers get the license.

C. How they avoid crashing into other car.

D. How they respond to walkers on a busy street.（3）The last questions asked in the sixth paragraph reflects the writer’s ________.

A. confidence in robots, winning Grammy Awards

B. eagerness to listen to songs written by robots

C. doubt about robots’ ability to write songs

D. curiosity about the future Grammy songs （4）What might be the most suitable title for the text?

A. Robots will control the world in every field

B. Robots are coming but not soon enough

C. Robots are being used in our daily life

D. Robots can drive cars and write music

【答案】（1）D

（2）D

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文谈论机器人是否会控制世界的问题。以无人驾驶汽车为例，谈论无人驾驶的优缺点，以及在其他领域对机器人的应用，最后得出结论，机器人等现代化科学技术全面代替人类只是时间问题。

（1）猜测词义。根据划线词所在句“Robot drivers are less likely to...at the scene of a pileup.”可知，作者想说的是无人驾驶汽车看到堵车也不会感到焦虑不安。所以agitated应意为“焦虑的”，相当于 anxious，故选D。

（2）细节理解。根据第四段中on the other hand, I wonder how these highly sensitive cars will react, with walker constantly dashing into the street.可知，作者担心的是这些无人驾驶的汽车如何对经常冲进马路的行人如何反应，故选 D。

（3）推理判断。题干询问的是第六段提出的最后一个问题反映了作者的什么看法，根据本段提到的机器人能够创作出优美的旋律可推知，作者是想借此问题说明将来机器人肯定会写出获得格莱美奖的音乐作品，故选A。

（4）主旨大意。通读全文内容尤其是最后一段中的“it’s too bad such technology isn’t available in 2016”可知，本文作者认为机器人时代来的不够快，B项反映了作者的看法，概括了文章内容。故选B。

【点评】议论文阅读首先要弄清楚作者要证明什么观点，然后用什么样的论据进行怎样的分析，最后得出了什么样的结论，理清了线索，理解文章就不是问题。看题时注意确定关键词，然后在文章中定位，找到与选项一致的内容，就可以轻松的确定答案。