汉译英第6章增补
商务翻译(汉译英)Unit 6 中外合资经营合同
我害怕起来了，而且越来越害怕。 Then fear set in and commenced to build up.
他突然发现地毯上有个深色斑点。 A dark stain on the carpet caught his eyes/ suddenly attracted his attention
【Tips for Translation】
主语的确定 （二） 主语必须符合英美人的思维视角
由于中国文化中具有强烈的天人合一的观 念，中国人在表达思想时十分注意主体意识， 常以有生命的、具体的名词或代词作主语， 多用ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ动语态和无主句。
找工作处处碰壁，搞得我心乱如麻。
英汉翻译基础教程练习答案
英汉翻译基础教程练习答案汉英翻译基础教程第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 (2)第二章词法翻译的一般技巧 (4)第三章名词的抽象和具体译法 (9)第四章动词的翻译 (11)第五章数词和冠词的翻译 (12)第六章成语的英译 (13)第七章修辞格的翻译 (17)笫八章文化词语的翻译 (19)第九章汉英句子比较与翻译 (20)第十章换序和转态译法 (23)笫十一章断句合句译法 (25)笫十二章长句的翻译 (27)第十四章汉英语篇比较与翻译 (29)第十五章风格与翻译 (30)第十六章语用与翻译 (32)第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译第一节翻译中的选义一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文1. b2. a3. b4. a二、译出下列词语，注意词语的不同搭配1． a swarm of beesa brood of chickensa litter of pups2. a bevy of beautiful ladiesa pack of houndsa team of ducksa herd of antelopes3. unfailing supportproactive fiscal policymake effective use of overseas resources4. make a phone calltake a taxiknit a woolen sweaterfetch waterplay basketballspray insecticide5. basic wagecapital constructionessential commodityprimary industryfundamental interest三、翻译下列句子，注意画线词语的理解1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public.3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan.4. Everyone complained against such a practice.5. They had a dispute at the meeting.6. You should follow the doctor's advice.7. They reached a consensus on this issue.8. There is still some unfinished business to settle.9. We have consulted him about the matter.10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now第二节翻译中的选词一、翻译下列各句，注意词的选择和搭配。
研究生英语综合教程UNIT6课文及翻译(含汉译英英译汉)
UNIT6What does it feel like to help dying patients through their final days? Experience it through the eyes of hospice nurse Jill Campbell, who does her job with grace, compassion, and gratitude.1.Outside, it's noisy on this busy block of row houses in Baltimore. But inside one tidy living room, all is quiet except for the sound of a woman's raspy breathing. The patient is huddled in an easy chair under a handmade pink-and-blue afghan, a knit cap on her head and booties on her feet. She has trouble staying warm these days. Her cancer has returned with a vengeance and she has only a few weeks to life. Hospice nurse Jill Campbell kneels down beside her patient, listens to her breathing, and then checks her blood pressure. Campbell has already hauled in oxygen tanks, showed family members how to work them, organized the medicine, and assessed how her patient has been eating and sleeping.2.But now is a moment to connect one-on-one. Campbell wraps her hands aro und the woman’s hands and rubs them together to warm them. She looks into her face. “are you feeling a little better?” she asks softly.3.Getting to know her patients and helping them through the toughest time of their lives is what Campbell, 43, appreciates most about being a hospice nurse. “I don’t know of another position where you can do more for people,” she says.4.Her patients have all been told that they have six months or less to live. Rather than continue with often-difficult or painful treatments that probably won’t extend their lives, they have decided to stop trying for a cure. Instead, with the help of hospice care, they’ll focus on comfort and on living whatever they have left of their lives to the fullest ---usually in their own home.5.Being able to die at home is a major part of the appeal of hospice, but patients and family members may not see it that way at first. “A lot of people still view hospice as giving up and letting the disease in,” says Campbell. That’s why the decision to c all in hospice care can be an incredibly difficult one for a family to make. Once they do, though, most patients and their families soon understand the value of having a team of dedicated professionals---including social workers, health aides, chaplains, and nurses---work together to provide not only physical but also emotional and spiritual support. 帮助即将离世的患者度过最后的时光会是怎样的感受呢？让我们借助吉尔·坎贝尔的所见经历这一切吧。
英语翻译之增补
I had experienced oxygen and /or engine trouble.
我曾经遇到的情况，不是氧气设备出故障，就是引擎出故 障，或两者都出故障。
Reading exercises one’s eyes; speaking one’s tongue; while writing one’s mind.
1) 2) 3) 4) 5)
Mary washes before meals. Mary washes before going to bed. Mary washes after getting up. Mary washes for a living. Mary washes in a restaurant.
晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会和观看乒乓球表演以后， 他还得起草最后公报。
Supplying necessary connectives
Heated, water will change into vapor.
水如受热，就会汽化。
Since air has weight, it exerts force on any object immersed in it.
（一）代词 1． 接到你的来信 ， 非常高兴 。 ． 接到你的来信， 非常高兴。 I was very glad to have received your letter. 2． 孩子们天天带午饭到学校 ． 去吃。 去吃。 The children take their lunches to school every day.
地球绕太阳旋转，引起四季的交替。
Supplying words to make an abstract concept clear
翻译基础6 增词和省略
6. 增加表达时间的词
6.2 强调时间上的对比时,往往需要加一些词 强调时间上的对比时, 1) They say his father was a fisherman. Maybe he was as poor as we are. 从前 他爸爸是个渔夫,他 过去 跟我们 现在 一样穷. 2) My father is cooking, but my mother watching TV. 我爸爸在煮饭,而妈妈 正 看电视. 3) I knew it quite well as I know it now. 我当时(过去)就跟现在一样清楚. 4) I was, and remain, grateful for the part he played in my release. 我的获释是他成全的,对此我过去很感激,现在仍 然很感激.
4.2 在形容词前增加名词 1) "It is really nice and cheap . You will regret for not buying it later." 这真是物美价廉,你不买会后悔的. 2) She was walking in the street alone, weary and ragged. 她独自一人走在大街上 , 面容 憔悴, 衣衫 烂篓. 3) She is extroverted, smiling all the day. 她 性格 开朗,整天 面 带笑容.
2. Adding adj.
1) With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism. 中国人民正在以多么 高的 热情建设社会主 义啊! 2) It will make a man of him in the college. 在那所大学里,一定能把他造就成 堂堂的 男子汉.
增补法
（四）增补冠词 汉译英时往往需要增补必要的冠词 1．耳朵是用来听声音的器官，鼻子是用来嗅气 ．耳朵是用来听声音的器官， 舌头用来尝滋味。 味，舌头用来尝滋味。 The ear is the organ which is used for hearing. The nose is used for smelling. The tongue is used for tasting. 2．我们对问题要作全面的分析，才能解决得妥 ．我们对问题要作全面的分析， 当。 We must make a comprehensive analysis of a problem before it can be properly solved.
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（二）增加概括性词语。汉语里有时不用表明事物范 增加概括性词语。 畴的概括性词语，译成英语时却往往需要增补进去。 畴的概括性词语，译成英语时却往往需要增补进去。 1.要提倡顾全大局。 要提倡顾全大局。 要提倡顾全大局 We should advocate the spirit of taking the whole situation into consideration. 2. 对凭借行业垄断和某些特殊条件获得个人额外收入 必须纠正。（ 十五大报告》 。（《 的必须纠正。（《十五大报告》） We must correct the malpractice of individuals obtaining extra incomes by taking advantage of sectoral monopoly and some special privileges. ( 《中国日报》) 中国日报》
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3．男女老少都参加了战斗。 ．男女老少都参加了战斗。 Men and women, old and young, all joined in the battle. 4．他不来我不走。 ．他不来我不走。 I shall not go until he comes. 5． 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。 ． 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。 So long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood. 6．送君千里，终有一别。 ．送君千里，终有一别。 Although you may escort a guest a thousand miles, yet must the parting come at last.
2021年 学术论文文献阅读与机助汉英翻译第六章答案
2021年学术论文文献阅读与机助汉英翻译(2021春)第六单元How to Translate—译前编辑技巧课后与章节测试1. 译前编辑分设主语的两大用途有:A 提高翻译效率B 处理中文里的主语漂浮现象C 处理第一分句过长的情况D 提高翻译准确率答案: 【BC】2. 谓语转换的三种形态：A 现在分词短语B 过去分词短语C 不定式短语D 介词短语答案: 【ACD】3. 中文中表达现在完成时的词语有：A 现在B 当前C 长期以来D 已经答案: 【CD】4. 跨句逻辑的两大好处：A 有助于减字B 有助于把中文分句切成较短的句子，提高英文的地道程度C 有助于理解D 有助于翻译答案: 【AB】5.前文提到的句子使用了什么技巧？A 分设主语B 转变谓语C 巧断时态D 跨句逻辑答案: 【A】6. 以下哪几种手法是译前编辑常用技巧？A 分设主语B 转变谓语C 转变时态D 跨句逻辑答案: 【ABCD】7. 分设主语可以用来处理以下哪些语言问题？（多选）A 主语漂浮B 句子冗长C 第一分句过长D 无主句答案: 【AC】8. 在中文里，一个主语带多个谓语的句子十分常见。
采用转变谓语这一技巧，可以将某些谓语动词转换为以下哪三种形式？（多选）A 不定时短语B 现在分词短语C 介词短语D 独立结构答案: 【ABC】9.在汉译英时，可以使用以词定时的方法来判断时态。
请选出以下可以使用现在完成时的词汇？A 了B 长期以来C 过D 现在答案: 【AB】。
商务翻译(英译汉) Unit 6 Invitation for Bids
本工程范围包括招标文件所要求的对于湾里至大沙沟 水厂的输水管线的制造与安装以及附属阀门、管件的安 装。其中直径1 620mm，壁厚12mm的钢管长度为 14.5km，直径1 820mm，壁厚14mm的钢管长度为 2.35km。本工程钢管的制造与安装总长度为16.85km。 （3） 投标人可以从中国沈阳机电设备招标公司，即 SYTC的办公室获得更详细的资料，查阅和获取招标文 件。
［正译］ 她精通这一科目。
［解释］ at home有“在家里”的意思，但在本句中为“精通，熟 悉”之意。其后通常接介词in，on或with短语。
2.重视一词多义的现象
在进行英译汉时，译者必须弄懂英语句子结构后，选出关键 词最佳的词义。英谚云：“We know a word by the company it keeps.”又云：“Each word when used in a new context is a new .”因此，语境对多义词的重要性再怎么强调都不为过。如：
（3） He ground his cigarette in the ashtray. ［误译］ 他把烟放在烟灰缸里。
［正译］ 他把烟碾熄在烟灰缸里。
［解释］ 句中ground为grind的过去式，不能看作是“把……放在 （地）上”的ground. （4） She is at home on the subject. ［误译］ 她在家研究这一科目。
公司地址：中国沈阳市沈河区南一经街103-2号 邮编：110014 电话：（024）2717027/22826069传真：（024） 2826161 联系人：田永山 朱海洲
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BEFORE NEW LECTURE跑得了和尚跑不了庙The monk can run away ,but the temple can not.TWO MEANINGS ：1 The monk(bad men ,such criminals) can run away,but the temple (the residence) of bad men can not,because the residence is the clue for the people to find and catch them. 2 The monk(people without anything) can run away but the temple(school,company,factory)can not.That means a person with nothing can break a contract,but a person with a school(company,factory) can not.增补与省略汉语和英语的这种区别通常概括为前者重意合(parataxis)后者重形合(hypotaxis). 也可以说，从总体观察，汉语形散(divergent)，结构形式比较松弛，词句比较简洁，而英语形聚(convergent)结构形式比较严谨。
汉语文章的意合，即指英语中的逻辑、语法、词汇等连接首段运用很少；英语文章的形合，即指词句的粘着性（cohesion）,手段多种多样。
如逻辑词语的连接，语法上的照应、替代、省略等，词汇是的搭配、同义词的复现等。
一．增补增补(amplification)是在原文基础上添加必要的词语，力图使译文在语意、语境方面和原文一致，从而使得译文在忠实地表达原文的意思与风格的同时合乎译入语的表达习惯1.从语法角度增补（1）增补主语、宾语他决心继续他的实验，不过这次将用另一种办法来做He is determined to continue his experiment but this time he’ll do it in another way. 书到后应立即付款。
You are supposed to pay right after the books are delivered.要提倡顾全da局We should develop the spirit of taking the whole situation into consideration（2）增补冠词宿舍外的骚动分散了我的注意力A disturbance outside my dormitorydistracted my attention你认为我花园里那红白相间的玫瑰怎么样？How do you like the red white roses in my gardens?（3）增补连词或连接性词语，如and ,or , but ,for , so...that …, too…to..., as well as, in general, withregard to, in particular等我告诉他该走了，他匆匆忙忙地走了I told him it was time to go and he hurried away.变化太小，观察不出The change is too little to be observed这个工作对专家来说容易，对没有经验的人来说困难The work is easy for an expert, whereas it is difficult for an inexperienced person我们是多年的好朋友，一旦分开，难免会依依不舍Since we are close friends for years, surely we cannot tear away from each other, once we have to part company.那对年轻夫妇当时非常穷，买不起价钱如此昂贵的彩电The young couple were so poor that they could not afford such an expensive colour TV set（4）增补介词礼拜天图书馆不开门。
On Sundays the library remains closed.2.从语义角度增补我不爱喝饮料。
I don’t like soft drinks一个篱笆三个桩，一个好汉三个帮A fence needs the support of three stakes, a capable fellow needs the help of three other people.3.从修饰角度增补出于行文d考虑，所增加的词多为不改变原意的语气，强调性副词或其他修辞世需要的词汇，以使意义明确，形象鲜明这孩子是可爱The child is lovely indeed他就出生在那间斗室里It was in that small room that he was born4.从文化交流的角度增补汉语与英语的差异不仅体现在语言表达上，同时也涉及文化层面。
汉语中的典故或谚语在译成英语时往往要添加注释性词语以表达原文的内涵意义，提供必要的背景知识。
东施效颦。
Dong Shi, an ugly woman, knitting her eyebrows in imitation of the famous beauty Xi Shi only to make herself uglier—blindly copying others and making oneself look foolish班门弄斧to show off one’s proficiency with axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter练习三．2002年真题大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫穷，一律平等。
所以人们对于大自然，全都一致并深深地依赖着。
尤其在乡间，上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。
种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，锄草和载花；在周末去教堂和做礼拜，在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌；往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。
这样，每个地方都有自己的传说，风俗也就衍行下来。
【参考译文】Nature favors the rich and the poor alike. Thus, all people depend on it, unanimously and profoundly. This is particularly true on the countryside, where ways of life have remained unchanged for thousands of years—planting crops and grapes; brewing and drinking wines; raising and milking cows; hoeing weeds and cultivating flowers; going to churches on weekends; playing music, dancing and singing in the square. The countryside of the past days remains to beloved homeland of today. Thus, each place has its own legend, and subsequently, its customs pass on from one generation to the next.二．省略省略(omission)也是汉译英的常用技巧之一，指在不损害原文思想内容的前提下，删去原文中一些多余的或不符合译入语表达方式或习惯的词语，使译文简洁流畅。
1.从语法角度省略虚词汉英语言中都有实词和虚词之分，实词有具体的意义而虚词无实义，只表示结构关系或在句中起辅导作用。
汉语中的虚词如：“就”、“又”、“都”等常常可以省略去，或通过其他手段表达。
你给了我希望，也就给了我生命Give me hope and you give me life无论谁去，我都没有意见。
Whoever goes, I shall have no objection.搭配、时态和单复数的角度简在学法律，她妹妹在学物理Jane is studying law while her sister is doing physics朵朵鲜花开满了花园Flowers bloom all over the garden2.从语义角度省略(1)他们的乐观主义精神令我们大为感动Their optimism moved us greatly中国的落后状态必须改变The backwardness of China mus tbe changed他鞠了一躬，并以令人愉快的谦逊态度接受人们的欢呼He bowed and accepted the applause with pleasant modesty.我们都被他那种崇高品质所深深打动We were all greatly moved by his loftiness1992年后，一些西方国家失业现象严重Since 1992 there has been serious unemployment in some Western countries他感到了一种爱国热情在胸中激荡He felt the patriotism rise within his heart(2).成语习语(idiom )和一些四字词组，(four-characterphrase)不屈不饶unswerving 自给自足self-sufficient经久耐用durable 清规戒律taboos水深火热in deep waters 花言巧语fine words（3）内容空洞的词(empty word )这个大厅四大优点：明亮、宽敞、样式新颖、没有回声The advantages of the hall are bright , spacious fashionable and without echo经济特区的设立给我们的社会带来极大的繁荣、极大的昌盛The setting of special economic zone has brought us aflourishing society论成语或诗词句子中的数字的翻译李田心（韩山师范学院，广东潮州，521041）有些汉语句子或成语包含数字，这些数字有些纯粹是用作比喻的虚数，如“牵五挂四”；有些是接近事物实际数量的概数，如“百万雄师”；有些数字却是事物实实在在数量的实数，如“四体不勤”。