DirectX的简单使用

MFC中DirectX的使用

一、Direct3D的使用：渲染背景 (1)

1、首先 (1)

2、声明变量 (1)

2.1点精灵方式贴入 (1)

2.2绘制四边形模型，图片以纹理方式贴入 (3)

二、DircetInput的使用（俗称五部曲） (5)

1、声明变量 (5)

2、函数 (6)

三、DirectSound的使用 (7)

1、变量声明 (7)

2、函数 (7)

一、Direct3D的使用：渲染背景

1、首先

头文件：#include

#include

库文件：（当然最初要先把文件导入到工程中：VC2008版本从工具中选项卡选择属性找到VC++目录，然后添加包含文件和库文件；若是VC2010在类视图窗口鼠标右击工程文件选择属性找VC++目录）

#pragma comment(lib, "d3d9.lib")

#pragma comment(lib, "d3dx9.lib")

2、声明变量

添加图片是以纹理方式贴入，用的是点精灵贴入。（当然也可以通过构造模型载入纹理）2.1点精灵方式贴入

LPDIRECT3D9 m_D3D; //d3d对象指针

LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 m_D3DDevice;//d3d设备对象指针

LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 g_pTex; //纹理

LPD3DXSPRITE g_pSprite; //点精灵

//在mainFrame类中，初始化D3D，（因为初始化时用到窗口句柄HWND参数，这里直接使用的是MainFrame的窗口句柄m_hWnd。

在CView类中用它的句柄试过，好像不行****，若直接获取MainFrame窗口句柄：//CMainFrame* frame =(CMainFrame*)AfxGetApp()->m_pMainWnd;

//HWND hWnd = frame->m_hWnd;

//HWND hWnd = AfxGetMainWnd()->m_hWnd;//获取主窗口句柄

这样的话会显示窗口，不能实现，有待研究！）

//初始化D3D

bool CMainFrame::InitializeD3D(HWND hWnd)

{

D3DDISPLAYMODE displayMode;

m_D3D = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION);//参数为版本号

if(m_D3D == NULL)

return false;

if(FAILED(m_D3D->GetAdapterDisplayMode(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, &displayMode))) {//默认显卡，获取显示格式存入displayMode中

return false;

}

D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp;

ZeroMemory(&d3dpp,sizeof(d3dpp));

d3dpp.Windowed = true;

d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;

d3dpp.BackBufferFormat = displayMode.Format;

if(hWnd == NULL)

{

reutrn false;

//CString str = _T("hwnd == NULL");

//AfxMessageBox(str);

}else

{

if(FAILED(m_D3D->CreateDevice(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT,D3DDEVTYPE_HAL,hWnd, D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING, &d3dpp, &m_D3DDevice))) {//创建D3D设备m_D3DDevice

return false;

}

}

return true;

}

创建完D3D和显示设备后，创建点精灵和纹理

D3DXCreateSprite(m_D3DDevice, &g_pSprite )//创建点精灵

FAILED(D3DXCreateTextureFromFile(m_D3DDevice,L"background0.bmp", &g_pTex)创建纹理现在可以渲染屏幕了

m_D3DDevice->Clear(0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0,0,0), 1.0f, 0);

// Begin the scene. Start rendering.

m_D3DDevice->BeginScene();

if (SUCCEEDED( g_pSprite->Begin(D3DXSPRITE_ALPHABLEND) ) )

{

g_pSprite->Draw(g_pTex,NULL, NULL, NULL, 0xffffffff);

g_pSprite->End();

}

m_D3DDevice->EndScene();

// Display the scene.

m_D3DDevice->Present(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);

2.2绘制四边形模型，图片以纹理方式贴入

LPDIRECT3D9 g_pD3D = NULL; //Direct3D对象

LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 g_pd3dDevice = NULL; //Direct3D设备对象

LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9 g_pVB = NULL; //顶点缓冲区对象

LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 g_pTex = NULL; //纹理

struct CUSTOMVERTEX

{

FLOAT x, y, z, rhw;

FLOAT u, v;

};

#define D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEX (D3DFVF_XYZRHW|D3DFVF_TEX1) //顶点格式

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Desc: 初始化Direct3D

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

HRESULT InitD3D( HWND hWnd )

{

//创建Direct3D对象, 该对象用于创建Direct3D设备对象

if( NULL == ( g_pD3D = Direct3DCreate9( D3D_SDK_VERSION ) ) )

return E_FAIL;

//设置D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS结构, 准备创建Direct3D设备对象

D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp;

ZeroMemory( &d3dpp, sizeof(d3dpp) );

d3dpp.Windowed = TRUE;

d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;

d3dpp.BackBufferFormat = D3DFMT_UNKNOWN;

//创建Direct3D设备对象

if( FAILED( g_pD3D->CreateDevice( D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, hWnd,

D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING,

&d3dpp, &g_pd3dDevice ) ) )

{

return E_FAIL;

}

//加载纹理

if (FAILED(D3DXCreateTextureFromFile(g_pd3dDevice, L"Water lilies.jpg", &g_pTex)))

{

return E_FAIL;

}

return S_OK;

}

//---------------------------------------------------------------------

--------

// Desc: 创建并填充顶点缓冲区

//---------------------------------------------------------------------

--------

HRESULT InitVB()

{

//顶点数据

CUSTOMVERTEX vertices[] =

{

{ 100.0f, 100.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.f, 0.f },

{ 400.0f, 100.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.f, 0.f},

{ 400.0f, 400.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.f, 1.f},

{ 100.0f, 100.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.f, 0.f },

{ 400.0f, 400.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.f, 1.f},

{ 100.0f, 400.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.f, 1.f},

};

//创建顶点缓冲区

if( FAILED( g_pd3dDevice->CreateVertexBuffer( 6*sizeof(CUSTOMVERTEX), 0, D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEX,

D3DPOOL_DEFAULT, &g_pVB, NULL ) ) )

{

return E_FAIL;

}

//填充顶点缓冲区

VOID* pVertices;

if( FAILED( g_pVB->Lock( 0, sizeof(vertices), (void**)&pVertices, 0 ) ) ) return E_FAIL;

memcpy( pVertices, vertices, sizeof(vertices) );

g_pVB->Unlock();

return S_OK;

}

VOID Render()

{

//清空后台缓冲区

g_pd3dDevice->Clear( 0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(45, 50, 170), 1.0f, 0 );

//开始在后台缓冲区绘制图形

if( SUCCEEDED( g_pd3dDevice->BeginScene() ) )

{

//在后台缓冲区绘制图形

g_pd3dDevice->SetStreamSource( 0, g_pVB, 0, sizeof(CUSTOMVERTEX) );

g_pd3dDevice->SetFVF( D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEX );

g_pd3dDevice->SetTexture(0, g_pTex);

g_pd3dDevice->DrawPrimitive( D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, 0, 2 ); //第三个参数代表三角形的个数，2个三角形构成矩形

//结束在后台缓冲区绘制图形

g_pd3dDevice->EndScene();

}

//将在后台缓冲区绘制的图形提交到前台缓冲区显示

g_pd3dDevice->Present( NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL );

}

当然不要忘了Release（）各个指针，并且按照声明的逆顺序释放。

二、DircetInput的使用（俗称五部曲）

1、声明变量

//首先是全局变量的定义

LPDIRECTINPUT8 g_pDirectInput = NULL;

LPDIRECTINPUTDEVICE8 g_pKeyboardDevice = NULL; 、、设备接口对象

char g_pKeyStateBuffer[256] ={0};

HINSTANCE hInstance = AfxGetInstanceHandle();

D3DDISPLAYMODE displayMode;

2、函数

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------—----------------

//第1步创键DirectInput接口和设备，简称创设备

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------—----------------

// g_pDirectInput directinput类型指针

//初始化DirectInput指针

DirectInput8Create(hInstance，0x0800， IID_IDirectInput8，(void**)&g_pDirectInput， NULL); //创建DirectInput设备

g_pDirectInput->CreateDevice(GUID_SysKeyboard，&g_pKeyboardDevice，NULL);

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------—----------------

//第2步设置数据格式和协作级别，简称设格式

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------—----------------

//设置数据格式和协作级别

g_pKeyboardDevice->SetDataFormat(&c_dfDIKeyboard); //标准键盘输入格式

g_pKeyboardDevice->SetCooperativeLevel(hwnd，DISCL_FOREGROUND |DISCL_NONEXCLUSIVE); //前台非独占模式

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------—----------------

//第3步获取设备控制权，简称拿权力因为设备可能被其他程序占用

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------—----------------

g_pKeyboardDevice->Acquire();

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------—----------------

// 第4步获取按键情况并做响应，简称取按键

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------—----------------

// 读取键盘输入

::ZeroMemory(g_pKeyStateBuffer，sizeof(g_pKeyStateBuffer));

Device_Read(g_pKeyboardDevice，(LPVOID)g_pKeyStateBuffer，sizeof(g_pKeyStateBuffer)); //定义的全局函数

BOOL Device_Read(IDirectInputDevice8*pDIDevice， void* pBuffer， longlSize)

{

HRESULThr;

while(true)

{

pDIDevice->Poll(); // 轮询设备

pDIDevice->Acquire(); // 获取设备的控制权

if(SUCCEEDED(hr = pDIDevice->GetDeviceState(lSize， pBuffer))) break; //数据放入到自定义缓存pBuffer中

if(hr !=DIERR_INPUTLOST || hr != DIERR_NOTACQUIRED) return FALSE;

if(FAILED(pDIDevice->Acquire())) return FALSE;

}

returnTRUE;

}

//然后就是用if判断并做响应了，如下面一句代码

if (g_pKeyStateBuffer[DIK_A] & 0x80) fPosX -= 0.005f; //x轴坐标左移

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------—---------------- //第5步释放控制权和接口对象，简称释对象

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------—---------------- g_pKeyboardDevice->Unacquire();

SAFE_RELEASE(g_pKeyboardDevice)

三、DirectSound的使用

1、变量声明

LPDIRECTSOUND pDS;

LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER pPBuf;//主缓存区

LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER pSBuf;//次缓冲区

DSBUFFERDESC desc;

WAVEFORMATEX pwfmt;

WAVEFORMATEX swfmt;

MMCKINFO ckRiff;

MMCKINFO ckInfo;

MMRESULT mmResult;

HMMIO hmmio;

DWORD size;

2、函数

bool DSound::InitializeDSound(HWND hwnd)

{

if(FAILED(DirectSoundCreate(NULL,&pDS,NULL)))

{

return false;

}

pDS->SetCooperativeLevel(hwnd,DSSCL_PRIORITY);

memset(&desc,0,sizeof(desc));//建立主缓冲区

desc.dwSize = sizeof(desc);

desc.dwFlags = DSBCAPS_PRIMARYBUFFER;

desc.dwBufferBytes = 0;

desc.lpwfxFormat = NULL;

if(FAILED(pDS->CreateSoundBuffer(&desc,&pPBuf,NULL)))

{

return false;

}

//read in buffer

return true;

}

void DSound::SetFormat()

{

memset(&pwfmt,0,sizeof(pwfmt));

pwfmt.wFormatTag = WAVE_FORMAT_PCM;

pwfmt.nChannels = 2;

pwfmt.nSamplesPerSec = 44100;

pwfmt.wBitsPerSample = 16;

pwfmt.nBlockAlign = pwfmt.wBitsPerSample/8 * pwfmt.nChannels;

pwfmt.nAvgBytesPerSec = pwfmt.nSamplesPerSec * pwfmt.nBlockAlign;

pPBuf->SetFormat(&pwfmt);

}

bool DSound::ReadFile()

{

hmmio = mmioOpen(_T("sound.wav"),NULL,MMIO_ALLOCBUF|MMIO_READ);

if(hmmio == NULL)

return false;//文件不存在

ckRiff.fccType = mmioFOURCC('W','A','V','E');//设置文件类型

mmResult = mmioDescend(hmmio,&ckRiff,NULL,MMIO_FINDRIFF);//查找类型

if(mmResult != MMSYSERR_NOERROR)

return false; //文件格式错误

ckInfo.ckid = mmioFOURCC('f','m','t',' '); //设定区块类型

mmResult = mmioDescend(hmmio,&ckInfo,&ckRiff,MMIO_FINDCHUNK);

if(mmResult != MMSYSERR_NOERROR)

return false;//文件格式错误

if(mmioRead(hmmio,(HPSTR)&swfmt,sizeof(swfmt)) == -1) //读取档案格式return false;//文件读取格式失败

mmResult = mmioAscend(hmmio,&ckInfo,0); //跳出子区块

ckInfo.ckid = mmioFOURCC('d','a','t','a'); //设定区块类型

mmResult = mmioDescend(hmmio,&ckInfo,&ckRiff,MMIO_FINDCHUNK); //搜寻区块if(mmResult != MMSYSERR_NOERROR)

return false; //文件格式错误；

size = ckInfo.cksize; //取得实际资料大小

//mmioClose(hmmio,0);

return true;

}

bool DSound::BuildSecondBuffer()//private load

memset(&desc,0,sizeof(desc));

desc.dwSize = sizeof(desc);

desc.dwBufferBytes = size;

desc.lpwfxFormat = &swfmt;

desc.dwFlags = DSBCAPS_STATIC|DSBCAPS_CTRLPAN| DSBCAPS_CTRLVOLUME|DSBCAPS_GLOBALFOCUS;//|DSBCAPS_GLOBAFOCUS;

if(FAILED(pDS->CreateSoundBuffer(&desc,&pSBuf,NULL)))

return false;

return true;

}

bool DSound::LoadInSecondBuffer()

{

LPVOID pAudio;

DWORD bytesAudio;

BuildSecondBuffer();

if(FAILED(pSBuf->Lock(0,size,&pAudio,&bytesAudio,NULL,NULL,NULL)))

return false;//锁定缓冲失败

mmResult = mmioRead(hmmio,(HPSTR)pAudio,bytesAudio);

if(mmResult == -1)

return false;//读取音文件数据失败

if(FAILED(pSBuf->Unlock(pAudio,bytesAudio,NULL,NULL)))

return false;//解除锁定缓冲区失败

mmioClose(hmmio,0);

return true;

}

void DSound::Play(HWND hwnd)

{

InitializeDSound(hwnd)

SetFormat();

if(ReadFile())

{

if(LoadInSecondBuffer())

{

pSBuf->Stop();

pSBuf->SetCurrentPosition(0);

pSBuf->Play(0,0,1);//第三个参数为0的话不会循环播放；

}

}

}

void DSound::Stop()

{

pSBuf->Stop();

bool CMainFrame::InitializeDevice(HWND hWnd, bool fullScreen)

{

HINSTANCE hInstance = AfxGetInstanceHandle();

D3DDISPLAYMODE displayMode;

if(FAILED(DirectInput8Create(hInstance,0X0800,IID_IDirectInput8,(void**)&m_deviceInput, NULL)))

{

return false;

}

m_deviceInput->CreateDevice(GUID_SysKeyboard,&m_keyBoardDevice,NULL);

m_keyBoardDevice->SetDataFormat(&c_dfDIKeyboard);

m_keyBoardDevice->SetCooperativeLevel(hWnd,DISCL_FOREGROUND|DISCL_NONEXCLUSIV E);

m_keyBoardDevice->Acquire ();

if(m_keyBoardDevice == NULL)

{

return false;

}

m_deviceInput->CreateDevice(GUID_SysMouse,&m_mouseDevice,NULL);

m_mouseDevice->SetDataFormat(&c_dfDIMouse);

m_mouseDevice->SetCooperativeLevel(hWnd,DISCL_FOREGROUND|DISCL_NONEXCLUSIVE);

m_mouseDevice->Acquire();

if(m_mouseDevice == NULL)

{

return false;

}

return true;

}