中国姓名文化英语介绍
从中英姓名看中西文化差异
从中英姓名看中西文化差异姓名是一个人的名字，是身份的象征，同时也是文化的媒介。
中文姓名和英文姓名之间存在着诸多的差异，这反映了中西文化之间的差异。
接下来从中英姓名的构成、命名方式、命名意义和特殊情况几个方面来探讨中西文化差异。
一、中英姓名的构成中文姓名通常由姓和名两部分组成，姓氏通常放在名字的前面。
在中国的封建社会中，姓至关重要，也就是说，姓氏不仅代表一个人的祖宗，还体现了家族的荣誉和地位。
而名字则在很大程度上是根据父母的意愿命名的。
二、中英姓名的命名方式在中文文化中，姓名的命名通常是非常重视的。
中文姓名的命名方式主要有以下几种：1. 祖辈传承：有些家族会将祖先的名字嫁接在新生儿的名字上，这种命名方式代表了对家族传统和古代文化的尊重。
2. 字取偏旁：许多传统的中国家族将其不同的姓氏和不同的字取偏旁结合，以便更容易记忆和识别。
3. 取格律：某些家族或宗族会使用特殊的格律或规则来命名其后代，这种格律通常反映了祖先的姓名、家族成员的重要性和家族的荣誉。
1. 宗教意义：许多基督徒和穆斯林家族经常是按照圣经或古典古籍进行命名的。
2. 职业或地点：很多英国和爱尔兰的姓氏都源于职业或地名，比如Smith、Baker、Cook，以及London、York等。
3. 传统和家族：英语文化也有许多使用传统和家族的命名方法。
一些家族和宗族经常使用较明显的文字和音节组合来表示特定的家族名，例如，Rutledge、Kennedy、Kennicott等。
中文姓名中，名字通常与其含义相关联。
特定的名称通常传递着特定的意义，在某些情况下，这些意义与名字的音乐相一致。
例如，名字“嘉禧”意为好的品德和幸福，而名字“家乐”意为家庭的幸福和快乐。
在英文名字中，名字的含义通常没有特定的规则。
许多英文名字源于古老的传说或圣经，它们的含义可能与名字的发音无关。
例如，名字John源于希伯来语Johanan，即“上帝仁慈”，但与发音没有太大联系。
介绍英语名字的段落
介绍英语名字的段落English names are an important aspect of individual identity. They can carry cultural, familial, or personal significance, and are often carefully chosen by parents for their children. In Western cultures, names are commonly given based on tradition, family lineage, or even simply personal preference. Many people have names that have been passed down through generations, connecting them to their ancestors and heritage.英文名字是个人身份的重要方面。
它们可能承载着文化、家庭或个人意义，通常是父母为子女精心选择的。
在西方文化中，名字通常根据传统、家族血统，甚至仅仅是个人偏好来命名。
许多人的名字是代代相传的，使他们与祖先和传统联系在一起。
Some individuals choose to change their names later in life, either for personal reasons or to better reflect who they are. This may be due to marriage, adoption, or simply a desire for a fresh start. Changing one's name can be a way to take control of one's identity and narrative, allowing for self-expression and personal growth.一些人选择在生活中的后期更改他们的名字，无论是出于个人原因还是为了更好地反映他们的本性。
Chinese_Culture--中国文化介绍 终成版(1)
the "Great Wall" reputation. The Great Wall in China's vast land of the north east and west lie the rolling one, imposing, as long as more than ten thousand li long wall. This is considered the world's architectural history of the Great Wall a great miracle. Great Wall is China's ancient defense project is a great crystallization of ancient Chinese people's strong determination and a high degree of wisdom in ancient China embodies the remarkable achievements of engineering technology, but also shows the Chinese nation's long history.
长城位于中国的北部，它东起河北省渤海湾的山海关，西至 内陆地区甘肃省的嘉峪关。横贯河北、北京、内蒙古、山西、陕 西、宁夏、甘肃等七个省、市、自治区，全长约6700公里，约 13300里，在世上有“万里长城”之誉。 万里长城在我国北方辽 阔的土地上，东西横亘着一道绵延起伏、气势雄伟、长达一万多 里的长墙。这就是被视为世界建筑史上一大奇迹的万里长城。万 里长城是我国古代一项伟大的防御工程它凝聚着我国古代人民的 坚强毅力和高度智慧，体现了我国古代工程技术的非凡成就，也 显示了中华民族的悠久历史。
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Chinese Naming Culture 中国姓名文化(英汉对照)
Contents •Categories of Chinese Names •The surnames by origin•The structure of a Chinese name •The central stock of Chinese names•Categories of English Names •The structure of English names •The central stock of English names•Chinese name is made up of a family name (姓)，which is always placed first, followed by a generation name (辈) and a personal name as part of the given name (名或名字).•Ancient Chinese names are more complicated. Most persons, especially the educated persons have many titles including xing (family name), bei (generation name) and ming (given name), zi (style 字)，shi (clan name 氏), hao (sobriquet 号), bi-ming (pen name 笔名), chuo-hao (nickname 绰号), guan-ming (official name 官名), ru-ming (milkname 乳名), etc.•Take the famous Chinese educationist Confucius for example. Confucious’Chinese name was (Kong Qiu 孔丘), where Kong (孔) was his family name and Qiu (丘) was his personal name. In addition，he had a Zi (字), which was Zhong-ni(仲尼). Take the great poet Li Bai(李白)for another example. His family name in Chinese is Li (李). His given name Bai (白) means white. His alias (别名) is Tai Bai (太白) and “style”Qing-lian (青莲).The surnames by origin • a.Place name:Surnames from Feudal Estate, State or Living–place. For example,Wu(吴),Shen(沈)，Jiang (蒋), Han (韩)，Lv （吕）, Qi(齐) were such cases. Compound surnames such as Bai Li (百里), Dong Men (东门), Nan Guo (南郭), Zhu Ge (诸葛) indicated the location or living place of a family.For example,one of lord Lu Zhuang Gong’s (鲁庄公) sons lived near the east city wall inside the city Qufu and was called Mr.Dongguo (东郭,the east wall). His descendants took this Dongguo as their family name. There are other examples like Ximen (西门, the west gate),etc.• b.Totemic names:names that came from totems like Ma(horse 马), Xong (bear, 熊), Niu (ox, 牛), Long (dragon, 龙) etc, some other domestic animals and plants are also the choices for family names, such as Zhu (朱, same pronunciation with pig in Chinese), Gou (苟, same pronunciation with Dog in Chinese), Yang (杨，same pronunciation with sheep, or poplar, the name of a kind of tree), Liu (柳, willow), Hua (花, flower).• c.Nature names:names that derived from the name of mountains, rivers etc. The great king Huang Di (黄帝) was buried at Qiao Shan (乔山), and some of his descendants had Qiao (乔the name of the hill) as their family name. Other names of this kind include Jiang (姜), Si (姒),Ji (姬), Gui(妫).• d.Surnames from occupations, such as Gu Zheng(贾正), Qiu (裘), Yu (渔), Qiao (樵).• e. Use number as family names ,such as Wu (伍, five), Liu (陆, six, pronounces Lu ), Wan (万, the thousands).The structure of a Chinese name • a. Family name (xing) +generation name (bei)+given name (ming)• b. Family name (xing) +given name (ming) + generation name (bei)•Take Mao Zedong (毛泽东) as an example for structure a. Mao (毛) is the family name and Ze (泽) the generation name, Dong (东) the given name. The full name of his grandfather is Mao Enpu (毛恩普), his father's name is Mao Yichang (毛贻昌). The generation names of the three generation are respectively En (恩), Yi (贻) and Ze (泽), belonging to the twelfth, thirteenth and fourteenth generations of the Mao clan in Shaoshan.The structure of a Chinese name •Let us take famous marshal Sima Zhongda (司马仲达) as an example of structure b.•Sima is the family name, and Zhong is the given name and Da is the generation name. His eight brothers were named Sima Shuda (司马叔达), Sima Boda (司马伯达), Sima Jida (司马季达), Sima xianda (司马显达), Sima Huida (司马惠达), Sima Yada (司马雅达) and Sima Youda (司马幼达). The eight names all share the same Chinese characterer da (达, meaning eminence, understanding, extension) as the generation name and obviously the eight brothers were of the same generation.The central stock of Chinesenames•For girls:•Indicating Beauty•Birds, flowers and plantsoften connote delicacy and beauty. Thus they are oftentaken as girls’names. The following words are most frequently used as typicalChinese girls’names.The central stock of Chinese names •Feng (凤)•Ying (莺)•Mei (梅)•Lian (莲)•Gui (桂)•Li (莉) •phoenix, the leader of all birds •small and cute bird •plum, often refering to women •lotus, purity as well as good qualities•osmanthus, a kind of fragrant flower•jasmine with unique fragrancenames•Yuan (媛) •Xia (霞) •Xiu (秀) •Juan (娟) •Cui (翠) •Zhi (芝) •Xin (馨)•pretty woman•colorful clouds in the morning or evening•outstanding, beautiful, slender •good appearance, beautiful and charming•dark green color like jade• a plant similar to mushroom •dense fragrance that can be smelt far awaynamesIndicating Virtue •Hui (慧) •Qiao (巧) •Min (敏)•Jie (洁) •Xian (贤) •Zhen (贞) •Wan (婉) •clever talent•highly skillful and sensitive•agile, quick and swift •pure, clean, noble-minded and selfless•good manner, moral behavior•moral integrity, virginity •obedient, sweet and agreeablenamesIndicating Elegance •Ya (雅) •E (娥) •Lan (兰) •Xian (娴) •Jiao (娇) •elegance•young woman with attractive figure and behaving gracefully •orchid with graceful, elegant and fragrant quality •posture with grace•beautiful and lovelynamesIndicating Softness and loveliness•Yao (瑶) •Yi (怡)•Bei (蓓) •Lu (璐) •Zhen (珍) •stone as beautiful as jade •comfortable and pleasant •blossom in bud •a kind of lovely jade •as expensive aspearl or jade•For boys:Indicating Strength, Bravery and Power •Yong (勇) •Yi (毅)•Qiang (强) •Jun (军) •Jian (健)•Bo (波)•Tao (涛) •Guo (国) names •courageous, confident •strong-minded, decisive •strong, powerful and masculine.•fighting soldier, a sign of being a male •physically strong •great waves or billows, implying the courage to overcome any difficulties •great waves, indicating power and imposing momentum •political power , nationnamesIndicating Capability and Virtue •Wen (文)•Guang (广) •Ping (平) •Yi (义)•Da (达) •Ning (宁)•Yan (岩) •literary talent, article •wide and grand, broad-minded •calm, pacific, stable and fair •bahavior or morality that meets with socially moral norm •rational, unimpeded, broad-minded, successful in career •tranquil, peaceful and steady •rock or cliff, often referring to upright and unyielding qualitynames•Indicating Ambition •Hui (辉) •Zhi (志) •Hai (海) •Shan (山) •Sheng (胜) •glittering luster，so splendid that no one can catch up with •aspiration, ambition •ocean, implying extensiveness, erudition and profundity•big, high and straight mountain•exceeding advantageous positionnames•Indicating Prosperity and Happiness •Fu (富) •Xiang (祥) •Gui (贵)•Fu (福)•Mao (茂)•Le (乐) •abundant, sufficient with money and material •auspicious, safe and peaceful •noble, precious, safe and peaceful•luck, blessing •flourishing, luxuriant, dense and thick•happyNames• a.Given name: A given name is the name chosen for and given to a person, usually at birth or baptism. The given name is often, especially in Britain, called the Christan name.• b.Family name:A family name is inherited from the parents, mostly from the father. History shows thatearly family names were coined from a variety ofsource such as: from the circumstance of birth, aphysical characteristic of the child or some qualityparents wanted their child to possess.• c. Middle names:Middle name lies between the given name and family. It came into use much later than the given name and family name. Therefore middle names can be used to honour their grandparents or someone imporant in their lives, when picking a middle name, parents try to make it sound good and have somebalance and rhythm with the given name and thefamily name.Names• d.Nicknames:Nicknames originate from recognition of physical characteristics, from verbal relationships, or from an association of ideas, such as Mark Twain, the famous novelist in the United States, whoseoriginal name Samuel Langhorne is unfamiliar to the readers.• e. Byname:A byname is an additional name used with a person’s given names to distinguish between persons with the same given name. Websterdictionary define byname as “A family name for aperson”, and “to give a nickname to”as a verb. For instance, to tell apart the two people named MarkJones, they tend to distinguish with “byname”, sothat Mark Jones-the-petrolis distinguished from Mark Jones-the-gardener.•a. given name+ family name----Jeffrey Henning(American)•b. given name +middle name+ family name----Jeffrey Alan Henning(American)•c. given name +maiden name+husband’s family name----Karen Flynn Henning(American)•d. given name+ hometown’s name----John Zamoyski (Polish, from town of Zamose)•e. given name+ occupation name----John Smith (English)•f. given name + middle name + comfirmation name + family name ----Karen Lee Kristina Flynn (Irish)•g. given name + family name + occupation name----Mark Jones-the-petrol (Welsh)•h. given name +son of father’s name –Bjornstjerne Bjornson(Norse)•i. given name + daughter of father’s name –Vigdis Finnbogadottir(Norse)•j. given name + middle name +maternal grandfather’s family name+ paternalgrandmother’s name + husband’s mother’sname + husband’s father’s name----MariaBeatriz Villela Soares Veiga de Carualho(Brazilian)•k. given name+ father’s family name+ mother’s family name ----Jose Aguilary Fernandez(Spanish)•l. given name+ father’s given name----Tafari Makonnen (Amharic, a Semitic language that is the official language of Ethiopia)•m.given name + father’s family name –de husband’s father’s name----Maria Alvarez deAguilar (Spanish)For girls:•Catherine: Greek, ‘pure’•Sara: Hebrew, ‘princess’•Emma: Old German, ‘whole, universal’•Victoria: Latin, ‘bright’•Elizabeth: Hebrew, ‘oath of god’•Anna: English form of Hannah, Hebrew,'grace’•Brianna: Irish, ‘strong, hill’•Alexis: Greek, ‘helper’•Emily: Latin, clan nameFor boys:•James: English variant of Jacob. Hebrew, ‘he who supplants’•Edward: Old English, ‘wealthy defender’•Richard : Old G erman, ‘ stern ruler’•Thomas: Aramaic, ‘twin’•Nicholas: Greek, ‘victory of the people’•Charles: Old German, ‘man’•William: Old German, ‘will helmet’•Alexander: Greek, ‘defending men’•Andrew: Greek, ‘masculine’•Greenwind ®。
英语中的中国姓名文化
5.人名和价值取向
（1）建立事业，实现抱负
如： 陆游 李自成 魏建功 “慕维” “希孟” “李慕 白”等
（2）长寿富贵，平安吉祥
福寿双全，平安吉祥，家庭和睦等是许 多中国人的企求，故而一般民众的名字喜欢 用“福”“寿”“祥”“贵”“吉”“财” “发”等字。
孔鲤：名鲤，字伯鱼。按：鲤是鱼的 一种。（孔鲤，孔子之子） 诸葛亮：名亮，字孔明。按：孔，甚 也；“孔明”，与“亮”暗合。 马致远：名致远，字千里。按：“千 里”自然“致远”了。 唐寅：名寅，字伯虎。按：十二天干 中“寅”者，即虎也。 蒲松龄：名松龄，字留仙。按：松龄 千年，自当“留仙”。
1. Personal Names and the Culture of the Han Nationality
黄帝与炎帝是华夏族的始祖。《国语· 晋语》载： “昔少典娶于有蟜氏，生黄帝、炎帝。黄帝以姬 水（陕西武功漆水河）成，炎帝以姜水（陕西宝 鸡清姜河）成。成而异德，故黄帝为姬，炎帝为 姜。二帝用师以相济也，异德之故也。”这是中 国历史最早记载炎帝、黄帝诞生地的史料。因此， 炎黄二帝都是起源于陕西省中部渭河流域的两个 血缘关系相近的部落首领。后来，两个部落争夺 领地，展开阪泉之战，黄帝打败了炎帝，两个部 落渐渐融合成华夏族，华夏族在汉朝以后称为汉 人，唐朝以后又称为唐人。炎帝和黄帝也是中国 文化、技术的始祖，传说他们以及他们的臣子、 6 后代创造了上古几乎所有重要的发明。
7.人名的性别差异
人们对男性的要求是勇敢，果 决，刚毅，睿智，儒雅，能光宗耀 祖，建功立业，而女性则应美丽， 贤惠，温柔，勤俭，品德端正，能 相夫教子，孝敬公婆。由于对男女 的期望内容不容，汉语人名在男女 性别上寓意的差异就十分显然。试 以《红楼梦》中金陵十二钗为例： 薛宝钗 林黛玉 史湘云 王熙凤 秦可卿 贾元春 贾探春 贾迎春 贾惜春 妙 玉 李 纨 巧姐儿
论姓名的起源与时代特征
论姓名的起源以及时代特征摘要：姓名作为姓氏文化的一部分，既是代表一个人的符号，又是一定历史文化、社会意识的反映。
人名不仅是一种语言现象，更是一种文化现象。
随着时代的变迁，姓名也在不断变化并被赋予了鲜明的时代特征。
关键词：名字姓氏起源时代特征文化Abstract：Name as part of the culture of the surnames, it is not only a symbol of the individual,but also reflected the historical culture and social is a linguistic phonemenon and a cultural phonemenon.As the changes of the times ,the name also changed and endowed with distinct features of the times.姓名作为姓氏文化不可忽视的一部分，在人类传承文化以及发展历史中扮演着重要角色。
姓名反映了世界各民族与众不同的文化内涵和可追溯的历史根源，是社会意识以及历史文化的映射，具有鲜明的时代特征。
一、姓名的起源以及特征汉语的姓氏原本是指“姓”和“氏”两个不同的概念，从图腾崇拜到以母系姓氏划分部落，是中国姓氏发展史上的第一个里程碑。
在父系时代，姓氏的决定从依随母系变为跟随父系，是中国姓氏发展史上的第二个里程碑。
春秋以前，中国是“性别婚姻”，“氏明贵贱”，“姓氏相别”，“胙土命氏”。
秦始皇统一天下后，郡县制取代宗法制，“胙土命氏”的分封制开始逐渐消亡，“氏明贵贱”的社会功能也随之消失，姓氏制度开始了姓氏通用，姓氏合一是中国姓氏发展史中的重要转折点，是中国姓氏发展史的第三个里程碑。
中国的姓氏历史悠久，种类繁杂。
据《百家姓》所载，中国的单姓多达442个，复姓61个，共计503个。
《中华古今姓氏大辞典》收录古今姓氏已达12000多个。
英语翻译
段落翻译B-中国民俗-姓名-含义-4中文：中国人的名字往往有一定的含义，表示某种愿望。
有的名字中包含出生时的地点、时间或自然现象，有的名字表示希望具有某种美德，有的表示希望健康、长寿、幸福。
男人的名字和女人的名字也不一样，男人名多用表示威武勇猛的字，女人名常用表示温柔美丽的字。
现在，中国人起名已经没有古人那么多讲究了，但家长们仍希望给孩子取一个好听、有意义而且与众不同的名字。
语言要点：embody; natural phenomenon; possess some virtues; longevity; power and vigor译文：Chinese names usually have a certain meaning, expressing some kind of wish. Some names embody the location, time or natural phenomenon when a person was born; some indicate the expectation of possessing some virtues; some express the hope for health, longevity and happiness. Male names are different from female ones: men’s names usually have characters meaning power and vigor, while those of women usually use characters representing gentleness and beauty. Today, the Chinese do not pay as much attention to naming as did ancient people, but parents still wish to give their children a special name which sounds good and meaningful.C-古代建筑-宫廷-故宫-4中文：故宫又称紫禁城，位于北京城中心,是明、清两朝（the Ming and Qing dynasties）的皇宫。
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family name
the sources of Chinese family names:
the family name of mother or totem of ancestor (姜 牛
云）
the title of ancestor (轩辕) posthumous title （文 武） place of residence （西门 东郭） fief （秦 齐） title of nobility（王 侯） official position （司马 帅） profession （陶 商 乐） be granted from emperor （李）
characters which have unfavorable meanings.
first name
the features of Chinnese first name
➢exclusive naming method:status of a generation in the family
first name
➢what is first name
➢the explaination of Chinese character （名 ）
first name
the features of Chinnese first name
➢fixed structure, single word or double word ➢creative, infinite numbers ➢special meanings ➢harmonious pronunciation, avoid homophone
special forms
family name
➢generally, Chinese family name is a single character.
➢exceptions: •double characters or multisyllabic characters •examples: 诸葛 爱新觉罗
中国姓名文化英语介绍
family name
form family name is in front of first name. reason of this phenomenon
family name
➢ what is family name ➢ the explaination of Chinese character （姓）
➢strong difference between first names of male and female
➢full of characteristics of the times
谢谢观赏！
2020/11/5
9ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ