2016年外交学院翻译硕士考研真题、考研参考书
2016年外交学院翻译硕士考研规划,考研真题,考研大纲

2016年外交学院翻译硕士考研规划,考研经验9月上旬至11月下旬:开始这一阶段复习之前,要保证《英语三级笔译》已经全部做完,单词(可以用新东方专八和GRE乱序版)至少背过两遍,百科知识和缩略语翻译已经有一定的基础。
进入《英语二级笔译》的练习。
其实整个复习阶段的翻译练习主要就是以三笔和二笔为主,辅之以各校历年真题,所以,这个阶段就是二笔和考研真题(注意,这里的真题最好不要做近两年的,因为近两年真题留到最后冲刺阶段的自我检测,可以用时间稍微久远的真题练习自测)。
但是三笔不能放下。
每天一定要抽出半个到一个小时从第一单元开始,把三笔当做视译材料,看着翻译下来,用上以前积累的好句型,把译文质量提高。
政府工作报告(当年和前一年)的翻译。
上网把中英文下载下来,对照复习,政工报告在很多学校的考试中都是重点考查内容,政治性很强,可以对专业性的政治经济词汇有个了解,是不错的复习资料。
刚开始看的时候会很枯燥,但是一旦找到感觉就发现工作报告其实不难,所以也是提高自信的利器。
英语写作:翻译硕士英语这门考试中有一篇英语写作,一般是400至500字的命题作文。
这对英语专业的学生来说不是难事,但是想要提高写作速度,就要加强练习,所以,至少需要每周写三篇作文,可以按照各校历年真题的题目来,也可以按照专八考试真题的题目来写,计时写作,30到40分钟内完成。
(一般作文的写作思路是:提出问题或现状,分析原因,提出解决方法,做归纳性总结。
)英语阅读:外交学院的题量很大,要求的单词量很大,前两年题还是比较难的,但最近外院的题一直在往简单走,所以,如果基础不错的话,这一科不用花太多时间。
建议用书:《专八标准阅读一百篇》,《冲击波改错》。
阅读和改错要留到10月下旬开始,因为质量高的题有限,不能浪费。
在这之前可以慢慢做育明的翻译硕士英语考研真题,看看题型,掌握速度,这本书相当于题库,尤其是单选,命中率很高的,所以要重视。
冲刺阶段首先进行扫尾工作,然后针对自己的薄弱项查漏补缺。
2016年外交学院翻译硕士MIT考研真题,考研大纲

16年考研详解与指导31、余秋雨:国际著名文化史学者、文学家、散文家、作家、我国当代著名艺术理论家。
著有系列散文集《文化苦旅》《山居笔记》《霜冷长河》《千年一叹》《行者无疆》《摩挲大地》《寻觅中华》《何谓文化》等。
《文化苦旅》是余秋雨的代表作。
325、中国现代文学史伟大开端-----五四新文化运动和文学革命。
326、新青年的创刊一---标志着五四新文化运动的开始。
327、文学研究会发起人----周作人、郑振铎、叶绍钧、沈雁冰、许地山等。
328、文学研究会会员-----老舍、冰心、朱自清、叶绍钧、周作人等。
329、创造社主要成员----郭沫若、郁达夫、成仿吾、张资平、田汶等。
330、创造社初期提出-----为艺术而艺术。
331、五四时期,创造社基本创造倾向---浪漫主义332、中国现代文学史上第一部白话诗集-----尝试集一---胡适。
333、中国现代新诗的奠基者一---郭沫若----女神。
334、“开一代诗风”的中国新诗奠基作是以郭沫若的------《女神》------为代表的。
335、郭沫若-------是继鲁迅之后中国文化战线上的又一面旗帜。
《女神》是_部杰出的浪漫主义诗集,是我国新文学史上第_部不朽的诗歌作品,开了_代新诗风。
奠定了新诗运动的基础。
336、新月派诗人-----李金发、徐志摩。
337、现代小说的开山之作-----鲁迅的狂人日记。
338、现代小说的开创者-----鲁迅。
339、开创现代小说的基本主题,形成中国现代小说史上一座难以逾越的高峰-----呐喊、彷徨------鲁迅。
340、鲁迅-----小说集《呐喊》(包括《狂人日记》、《阿q正传》、《孔乙己》等),《彷徨》(包括《祝福》、《伤逝》等),《故事新编》,散文集《朝花夕拾》(包括《藤野先生》、《范爱农》等),散文诗集《野草》。
341、鲁迅的《呐喊》和《彷徨》-----是中国现代小说的开端和成熟的标志342、自叙传抒情小说派-----郁达夫-----沉沦。
2016年外交学院翻译硕士百科考研真题,参考书

16年翻译硕士考研详解与指导西方文化史零散知识点串讲42.工党:代表中下阶层的利益,如布菜尔,“左派”。
43.费边社:19世纪末,发起人是萧伯纳,反对阶级斗争夺取政权,鼓吹工人渗透统治阶级内部为大众服务。
44.影子内阁:shadow cabinet由反对党的核心人员组成的不执政的内阁,为未来上台执政做准备。
45.习惯法:或不成文法,common law,12世纪的巡回法官根据安格鲁撒克逊人的传统习惯做判决。
46.个人权利:生命权、自由权和财产权等。
47.巡回法官:circuit judges即决法庭:courts ofsummary jurisdiction即决罪:summary offences地方治安官:justice of the peace go to the bar:去当律师。
内政大臣:home secretary leasure industry:休闲娱乐业国营企业:state-run enterprise知情权:knowledge right假冒伪劣产品:false andshoddy goods劳动密集型产业:labour-intensive industry the concord:协和式飞机BT:英国电信公司British telecommunications遗产税:inheritance tax大锅饭:big cauldron theEstablishment:既得利益集团或幕后操纵集团48.苏格兰大院:伦敦警察总部。
49.英国病:二战后,经济发展缓慢等情况。
50.凯恩斯主义:Keynesianism运用政府机制的财政和货币政策使无序的资本主义竞争走向有序的发展。
51.prime the pump:政府注入资金帮助企业启动。
52.滞涨:stagflation赤字经济:deficit economy紧缩信贷:tight credit policy平均人头税:flat poll tax支持率:popularity rate53.铁娘子:iron lady苏联给撒切尔夫人的外号。
2016年外交学院翻译硕士考研真题,报录比

16年考研详解与指导350、中国文学史上第一篇用现代体式创作的白话小说------狂人日记-----选自呐喊。
351、中国几千年文学史上第一个真正把笔深入到不幸的农民和底层知识分子灵魂世界的作家一---鲁迅_提出改造国民性的主题。
352、鲁迅小说中最著名的一篇------阿q正传。
353、阿q-—---中国现代文学中最成功的艺术典型。
354、新文学史上最有成就的教育小说家-----叶绍钧(叶圣陶)。
355、叶圣陶一---长篇小说《倪焕之》,中国现代文学史上最早写童话的作家。
356、现代小诗的最佳之作-----冰心的诗集繁星、春水。
357、冰心作品的思想内核-----爱的哲学。
358、冰心-----被誉为“美文”的代表。
359、中国现代抒情小说的最初形式-----自叙传抒情小说。
360、20年代初小说创作的三大潮流-----问题小说、自叙传抒情小说、乡土小说。
361、创造社发起人和最主要的成员-----郭沫若。
362、中国现代新诗的奠基之作-----女神。
363、郭沫若-----继鲁迅之后,我国文化战线上又一面光辉的旗帜。
364、女神中最具代表性的是诗篇-----凤凰涅槃。
365、新月派的代表人物-----徐志摩、闻一多、朱湘、胡也频等。
366、诗集翡冷翠的一夜、猛虎集的作者----徐志摩367、闻一多第一部诗集-----红烛。
368、闻一多之后的代表作-----死水。
369、新月派的真正代表诗人-----徐志摩。
370、新月派前期的主要代表人物有-----闻一多和徐志摩。
371、五四时期出版的中国第一部新诗集-----郭沫若的女神。
372、中国现代文学史上大量尝试散文诗创作的第一人-----鲁迅----散文诗代表作是野草。
373、鲁迅睢一的一本散文诗集-----野草。
374、周作人-----其早期散文分别收入自己的园地、雨天的书、谈龙集、谈虎集。
375、在20年代的戏剧创作中成绩最为显著的是----田汶-----创造社最重要的剧作家。
2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士 考研真题

11、亚太经济合作组织(专业性、区域性、政府间国际会议组织)简称“亚太经合组织”(Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation--APEC),成立之初是一个区域性经济论坛和磋商机构,经过十几年的发展,已逐渐演变为亚太地区重要的经济合作论坛,也是亚太地区最高级别的政府间经济合作机制。
它在推动区域贸易投资自由化,加强成员间经济技术合作等方面发挥了不可替代的作用。
1989年11月,亚太经合组织首届部长级会议在澳大利亚首都堪培拉举行,标志着亚太经合组织的正式成立。
1991年11月,亚太经合组织第三届部长级会议在韩国首都汉城(现称“首尔”)举行,会议通过的《汉城宣言》正式确立该组织的宗旨和目标为:“为本地区人民的共同利益保持经济的增长与发展;促进成员间经济的相互依存;加强开放的多边贸易体制;减少区域贸易和投资壁垒。
”1991年11月,中国以主权国家身份,中国台北和香港(1997年7月1日起改为“中国香港”)以地区经济名义正式加入亚太经合组织。
截至2006年11月,亚太经合组织共有21个成员。
12、石油输出国组织(欧佩克)(专业性、世界性、政府间)1960年9月14日,由伊朗、伊拉克、科威特、沙特阿拉伯和委内瑞拉的代表在巴格达开会,决定联合起来共同对付西方石油公司,维护石油收入,宣告成立石油输出国组织(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries--OPEC),简称“欧佩克”。
随着成员的增加,欧佩克发展成为亚洲、非洲和拉丁美洲一些主要石油生产国的国际性石油组织。
其成员国除以上5国外还有阿尔及利亚、印度尼西亚、利比亚、尼日利亚、卡塔尔、阿拉伯联合酋长国。
宗旨是:协调和统一各成员国的石油政策,并确定以最适宜的手段来维护它们各自和共同的利益。
13、阿拉伯石油输出国组织(专业性、区域性、政府间)1968年1月9日,科威特、利比亚和沙特阿拉伯三国在贝鲁特创建了阿拉伯石油输出国组织(Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries--OAPEC)。
2016年外交学院外交学专业考研复习资料参考书答案使用方法专业课一本通

外交学院外交学专业考研专业课参考书解析及一本通复习资料介绍-育明教育一、外交学院外交学考研参考书分析(育明陈老师独家解析)专业一“712政治学综合二”①《政治科学基础》,唐晓、杨帆著,世界知识出版社,2007年版;②《政治学十五讲》,燕继荣著,北京大学出版社,2013年版。
育明教育陈老师解析:《政治科学基础》这本书是专业一复习的重中之重,每年的试题都会考到大量书中的知识点。
建议考生要把这本书研读4-5遍,千万不要因为知识点比较琐碎而产生复习的死角,像15年的考试中出现了“政府四职能说”相关的命题,很多考生在复习中就并没有作为重点。
另外“全读”的同时还应当“精读”对于书中的重要知识内容需要还要做到熟练背诵。
对于笔记整理,按照“类型”和“方法”的主线来进行,一看到标题就能够想到有几方面的内容、每一方面包含几点、没一点的关键词是什么。
唐晓老师和杨帆老师都是我们外交学院的老师,其中唐晓老师更是我们外教系的系主任,虽然专业课的命题基本是众多硕士生导师轮流出题,但这本书每位老师在出题是都会重点参照。
(更多外交学院考研参考书解析、资料经验获取、课程咨询可联系陈老师扣扣:伍四七.零六叁.捌六贰)。
《政治学十五讲》这本书几乎是所有学政治学、考政治学的人都会认真研读的一本书。
书的写作脉络以及框架是非常清晰的,阅读起来也并没有大的难度。
从2009年《政治学十五讲》这本书成为指定参考书之后,每年考试中能够从书中找到的知识点并不是很多。
但这本书在复习过程中的辅助作用确实不容忽视的,建议考生要把书中专属性的知识点记忆清楚最好有一本优秀的笔记来协助。
专业二“806外交学”①《外交学概论》,鲁毅等编,世界知识出版社,2004年版;②《中国近现代外交史(第二版)》,熊志勇等著,北京大学出版社,2014年版;③《中国当代外交史:1949—2001》,谢益显主编,中国青年出版社,2002年版;④《外交决策》,张历历著,世界知识出版社,2007年版。
外交学院翻译硕士 参考书、复试分数线、复试大纲

全国8大分校·出题人阅卷人加盟·多对一跟踪督促·精准考研信息·考前绝密押题·复试协议保过高端状元集训营·一对一押题保分·专业课视频课程·全套真题(含解析)笔记·专业课押题卷外交学院翻译硕士英语口译考研资料-考研考博一.外交学院外国语学院英语笔译考研内容分析专业招生人数初试复试英语口译年份统考推免政治100分翻译硕士英语100分英语翻译基础150分汉语写作与百科知识150分 1.笔试时间为120分钟,满分为100分。
各专业笔试内容为:英语写作2.英语口译(专业学位)专业面试形式为交替传译(英译汉、汉译英)满分100分。
2014151020152911201617+13(调剂)11二.育明考研考博辅导中心武老师解析:关于外交学院翻译硕士英语口译2016年的招生信息武老师解析:1,外交学院16年招生人数没有招满,调剂13人,统招17人,共计30人,推免11人。
分数线350分,和国家线持平。
2,外交学院只有口译专业,专业势力非常强,研究生期间开设的课程比较多,学生会接触到很多实践机会,整体上英语系毕业生得到了社会各界的广泛认可和用人单位的普遍好评。
毕业生当年的初次就业率一直保持较高水平,近年来毕业生当年初次就业率均接近100%。
3,外交学院真题来看,难度中等偏上,但是题量比较大,要多做模拟题,把握时间安排。
外院的老师侧重翻译,会有压分现象。
大家课下要好好练习翻译,掌握精髓。
4,外院不公布真题和参考书,很多考生觉得无从下手,但是没有参考书并不能阻碍什么。
考研,非参加知识竞赛,背书即可。
研究生入学考试,考的是语言能力,不是考记忆力。
育明教育考博分校针对外交学院翻译硕士专业考研开设的辅导课程有:专业课一对一·全程集训营·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。
每年专业课课程班的平均通过率都在85%以上。
[考研类试卷]2016年国际关系学院翻译硕士英语真题试卷.doc
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[考研类试卷]2016年国际关系学院翻译硕士英语真题试卷一、Vocabulary1 The great use of a school education is not so much to teach you things______to teach you the art of learning.(A)but(B)nor(C)as(D)like2 All flights______, we decided to take a greyhound.(A)were canceled(B)had been canceled(C)having canceled(D)having been canceled3 This company has now introduced a policy______pay rises are related to performance at work.(A)which(B)where(C)whether(D)what4 The American businessman had difficulty at times working with his local counterparts in Guangdong Province, for he could speak______Cantonese than Mandarin.(A)no more(B)not more(C)no less(D)not less5 He came into the manager's office______ that he was dismissed.(A)only to be told(B)being told(C)in order to be told(D)telling6 The new director made it clear that his staff were not to accept gifts from clients,______.(A)be they jewelry or football tickets(B)they are jewelry or football tickets(C)whether are jewelry or football tickets(D)no matter are jewelry or football tickets7 The terrible disease is said ______the number-one killer of both men and women over the past few years in that region.(A)being(B)to be(C)to have been(D)having been8 ______your timely advice, I would never have known how to go about the work. (A)Unless(B)But for(C)Except for(D)Not for9 The doctor ______a medicine for the child's stomach pains.(A)described(B)subscribed(C)prescribed(D)inscribed10 The ______family in Chinese cities now spends more money on housing than before. (A)normal(B)average(C)usual(D)general11 Prices are ______to variation without notice.(A)possible(B)trendy(C)likely(D)subject12 Be careful when you talk to your boss. He is in a very bad ______today. (A)motive(B)mood(C)mind(D)notion13 The government has allocated ten million pounds to the tsunami-______area. (A)sticken(B)stricken(C)stuck(D)striked14 The branches could hardly ______the weight of the fruit.(A)retain(B)sustain(C)maintain(D)remain15 Her speeches are full of ______wit and warmth.(A)captivating(B)captivated(C)captive(D)captured16 After the terrorist attacks in Europe, he ______the idea of going to Spain for a holiday.(A)gave in(B)dismissed(C)missed(D)struck17 He asked for $ 5, 000 in ______for the injury he suffered in the accident.(A)damages(B)losses(C)damage(D)loss18 Unfortunately, most public places are simply not geared ______the needs of people with disabilities.(A)with(B)for(C)to(D)at19 A solar cell takes radiation from the sun and ______it into electricity.(A)alters(B)modifies(C)shapes(D)converts20 His constructive proposal for improving the program is ______of our attention. (A)worth(B)worthy(C)worthwhile(D)worthless21 A good English learner is supposed to ______a large vocabulary.(A)command(B)order(C)control(D)lead22 The government has launched several campaigns to crack ______on pirating.(A)up(B)in(C)down(D)for23 Traditionally people believed that obesity resulted from overeating only. Today, however, many doctors believe that it is a (n) ______of genes.(A)affair(B)matter(C)thing(D)object24 We were so poor in those days that the whole family had only one ______and were ashamed of being seen.(A)clothes(B)clothing(C)garment(D)costume25 Everybody says that he takes ______his grandfather, with his big fleshy nose that takes ______too much space on his face.(A)to; up(B)after; up(C)of; off(D)from; away26 Seeing the closet on fire, he made a <u>futile</u> attempt to save the paintings from the flames. The underlined word probably means______.(A)prompt(B)frenzied(C)frantic(D)useless27 Her parents keep her on a short______, although she has turned 20.(A)leash(B)lash(C)blush(D)lush28 This is a widely ______book owing to its insightful understanding of the subject. (A)exclaimed(B)claimed(C)reclaimed(D)acclaimed29 Doctors recommend Vitamin C for keeping colds ______bay.(A)to(B)for(C)in(D)at30 Normally he is rather______, but sometimes he talks freely about himself.(A)reserved(B)informal(C)peaceful(D)sociable二、Reading Comprehension30 The temperature of the sun is over 5, 000 degrees Fahrenheit at the surface, but it rises to perhaps more than 16 million degrees at the center. The sun is so much hotter than the earth that matter can exist only as a gas, except at the core. In the core of the sun, the pressures are so great against the gases that, despite the high temperature, there may be a small solid core. However, no one really knows, since the center of the sun can never be directly observed.Solar astronomers do know that the sun is divided into five layers or zones. Starting at the outside and going down into the sun, the zones are the corona, chromosphere, photosphere, convection zone and finally the core. The first three zones are regarded as the sun's atmosphere. But since the sun has no solid surface, it is hard to tell where the atmosphere ends and the main body of the sun begins.The sun's outermost layer begins about 10, 000 miles above the visible surface and goes outward for millions of miles. This is the only part of the sun that can be seen during an eclipse such as the one in February 1979. At any other time, the corona can be seen only when special instruments are used on cameras and telescopes to shut out the glare of the sun's rays.The corona is a brilliant, pearly white, filmy light, about as bright as the full moon. Its beautiful rays are a sensational sight during an eclipse. The corona's rays flash out in a brilliant fan that has wispy spikelike rays near the sun's north and south poles. The corona is thickest at the sun's equator.The corona rays are made up of gases streaming outward at tremendous speeds and reaching a temperature of more than 2 million degrees Fahrenheit. The rays of gas thin out as they reach the space around the planets. By the time the sun's corona rays reach the Earth, they are weak and invisible.31 Matter on the sun can exist only in the form of gas because of the sun's______. (A)size(B)age(C)location(D)temperature32 The second paragraph is mainly concerned with______.(A)how the sun evolved(B)the structure of the sun(C)why scientists study the sun(D)the distance of the sun from the planets33 All of the following are parts of the sun's atmosphere EXCEPT the______.(A)corona(B)chromosphere(C)photosphere(D)core34 The word "glare" in the passage probably means______.(A)strong heat(B)harmful effect(C)bright unpleasant light(D)endless warmth35 According to the passage, as the corona rays reach the planets, they become______. (A)hotter(B)clearer(C)thinner(D)stronger36 Which of the following do the paragraphs following the passage most likely discuss? (A)The remaining layers of the sun.(B)The evolution of the sun to its present form.(C)The eclipse of February 1979.(D)The scientists who study astronomy.36 Seeing the wreck for the first time, under the great arc of a sunny sky on that level shore, I was initially impressed by its remoteness. Here was the focus of those weeks of discussion, of seemingly endless careful planning: a slightly projecting, elongated outline. The warmth of the day meant that many holiday-makers were about, and our equipment rapidly attracted them to the site, unmistakable with its brilliant orange marker, each attached to a steel post. These posts marked off the four corners of our working area, and were linked by a rope to keep it clear of curious sightseers.Many structural features of the wreck which would normally have been visible were obscured by the sand, which was not only right up to but even above the upper gun deck. We went to work immediately when the first low tide made a start possible, and set up our basic survey line running down the middle of the wreck from bow to stern. As we set about measuring the sides of the ship in their relation to survey line, the "Amsterdam" emerged as a vessel of substance, and more so when the members of the team had scoured her aged timbers free from mussel shells and seaweed.All this activity attracted an increasing number of sightseers, whose interest was natural and welcome, since the more people who were moved to understand what we were about, the better it was for archaeology in general and for the future preservation of the " Amsterdam" in particular. However, there were also predatory souvenir hunters who were most disappointed by our merely taking elaborate measurements, with no apparent intention of digging up more objects.37 Seeing the wreck of the "Amsterdam", the author was impressed by______.(A)its apparent isolation(B)its accessibility from the shore(C)the crowds of people round it(D)the effect of its outline against the sky38 According to the passage, the holiday-makers on the beach were______.(A)confined within a roped-off area(B)confined to the upper part of the wreck(C)kept well away from the orange markers(D)discouraged from entering the roped-off area39 The word "obscured" in the passage probably means______.(A)made clearer(B)made less clear(C)obtained(D)filled40 We are told that work on the wreck was made difficult by______. (A)the slope of the beach(B)the height of the ship(C)the number of holiday-makers(D)the volume of the sand41 The passage suggests that the "Amsterdam" had been a______. (A)submarine(B)warship(C)fishing boat(D)passenger liner42 The passage suggests that "I" was most likely a (n) ______. (A)reporter(B)archaeologist(C)tourist(D)beach keeper42 Nineteenth-century associationist theories assumed that the mind functions in terms of association, forming sets of concepts and experiences. Associationists argued that mental contents could be studied by noting the links of similarity, contrast and proximity which exist in an individual's thought and behavior patterns. Pavlov's notion of conditioning is itself base on the associationist theory that one stimulus becomes associated with another. If a bell is rung each time a dog is given food, the dog will become conditioned to salivate on hearing the bell ring, despite the absence of food.First used to investigate the differences in cognitive styles, word-association tests became a sensitive instrument for the detection of emotional concerns.In a word-association test, a subject is presented with a list of about 100 words as stimuli. Each word is chosen by the tester and the subject is required to respond with the first word that comes into his or her mind on hearing the stimulus word. The tester notes the subject's response time for each of the words with the use of a chronometer.It is argued that if the subject is emotionally indifferent to a stimulus word, the response time for the reaction is very short. If, on the other hand, the stimulus word carries emotional significance for the subject, the response time is likely to be significantly longer. In addition, reactions to significant words may also include hesitation, stuttering, involuntary movement or other symptoms of disturbance.Jung, who used word-association tests in the early part of his career, showed that family members, in particular mothers and daughters and husbands and wives, exhibited similar responses to the same stimulus words. He argued that this indicated a failure to achieve individuation and was indicative of the potentially negative dynamics that exist in family relationships.In a test carried out by Donald D. Jaffe, a pioneer of word-association tests, a subject was observed to exhibit delay and disturbance in response to the words "friend", "bottle", and "fight". Jaffe suggested that the subject had been involved in a drunken fight with a friend in which a window had been broken. The subject admitted that such an experience had, indeed, taken place and that the friend had asked the subject to pay for the damages resulting from injuries he had received.43 Associationist theories______.(A)were useful only for studying how people think(B)were first used by Jung in word-association tests(C)formed the basis for Pavlov's notion of conditioning(D)were used to assess a person's vocabulary44 According to the passage, a chronometer is a device to measure______.(A)time(B)facial expressions(C)voice(D)association between words45 In a word-association test, ______can be significant.(A)the time of response(B)the word provided by a subject(C)facial expressions of the subject on hearing the word(D)all of the above46 According to Jung, ______.(A)the father and the daughter in a family responded quite differently to a word stimulus(B)the similarity of the responses in a family indicated that the family members got on well with each other(C)the similarity of the responses in a family indicated that children in the family were not capable of individual thinking(D)if members in a family responded similarly to a word stimulus, the family was going to break up47 Jaffe's experiment shows that______.(A)the word-association test is very powerful(B)word-association tests can be used only for assessing unpleasant experiences (C)the subject was an aggressive man(D)the friend was right in asking the subject to pay for the injuries48 The passage mainly talks about the significance of word-association tests in assessing______.(A)people's cognitive styles(B)people's emotional concerns(C)people's potentials for a task(D)family relationships48 When we feel stressed, our adrenal glands release a peptide called Cortisol. Our body responds with Cortisol whether it faces physical, environmental, academic, or emotional danger. This triggers a string of physical reactions including depression of the immune system, tensing of the large muscles, blood-clotting, and increasing blood pressure. It's the perfect response to the unexpected presence of a sable-toothed tiger. But in school, that kind of response leads to problems. Chronically high Cortisol levels lead to the death of brain cells in the hippocampus, which is critical to explicit memory formation.These physical changes are significant. Stanford scientist Robert Sapolsky found that atrophy levels in the hippocampus of Vietnam veterans with PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) ranged from 8 to 24 percent above the control group. Chronic stress also impairs a student's ability to sort out what's important and what's not. Jacobs and Nadel (1985) suggest that thinking and memory are affected under stress. The brain's short-term memory and ability to form long-term memories are inhibited.There are other problems. Chronic stress makes students more susceptible to illness. In one study, students showed a depressed immune system at test time; they had lower levels of an important antibody for fighting infection. This may explain the vicious academic cycle; more test stress means more sickness, which means poor health and missed classes, which contribute to lower test scores.A stressful physical environment is linked to student failure. Crowded conditions, poor student relationships, and even lighting can matter. Optometrist Ray Gottlieb says thatschool stress causes vision problems. That in turn impairs academic achievement and self-esteem. He says that, typically, a stressed child will constrict breathing and change how he or she focuses to adapt to the stress. This pattern hurts learning in the short and long run. Under stress, the eyes become more attentive to peripheral areas as a natural way to spot predators first. This makes it nearly impossible to track across a page of print, staying focused on small areas of print.49 What does NOT Cortisol do?(A)It leads to the death of brain cell.(B)It causes the release of adrenal glandsblood-clotting.(C)It prepares one for the attack of saber-toothed tigers.(D)It affects one's immune system.50 Stress does NOT usually result in______.(A)lower atrophy levels(B)impaired ability to distinguish what is important and what is not(C)weakened thinking(D)inhibited ability to form short and long-term memories51 Which of the following statements is very possibly wrong?(A)People under chronic stress get ill easily.(B)People under chronic stress have more antibody than an average person.(C)The more test stress you have, the lower test scores you might have.(D)Test stress may produce better test scores.52 When would one very possibly NOT feel stressful?(A)When there are few people around.(B)When you do not have many friends.(C)When you are in very bright light.(D)When you read a book of small print.53 Ray Gottlieb is specialized in______.(A)stress studies(B)light studies(C)studies of human eyes(D)education studies54 When Ray Gottlieb says that school stress causes vision problems, he meansthat______.(A)stress leads to short-sightedness of students(B)stress affects students' breathing(C)stress leads to failure to spot predators(D)stress deviates students' focus of attention54 What is happening in the United States today is truly astonishing. In a society that prides itself on its preference for facts over hearsay, on its openness to research, and on its respect for "expert" opinion, parents, educators, administrators, and legislators are ignoring the facts, the research, and the expert opinion about how young children learn and how best to teach them.All across the country, educational programs intended for school-aged children are being appropriated for the education of young children. In some states (for example, New York, Connecticut, and Illinois) educational administrators are advocating that childrenenter school at age four. Many kindergarten programs have become full-day kindergartens, and nursery-school programs have become pre-kindergartens. Moreover, many of these kindergartens have introduced curricula, including work papers, once reserved for first-grade children. And in books addressed to parents a number of writers are encouraging parents to teach infants and young children reading, math, and science. When we instruct children in academic subjects, or in swimming, gymnastics, or ballet, at too early an age, we miseducate them; we put them at risk for short-term stress and long-term personality damage for no useful purpose. There is no evidence that such early instruction has lasting benefits, and considerable evidence that it can do lasting harm.Why, then, are we engaging in such unhealthy practices on so vast a scale? Like all social phenomena, the contemporary miseducation of large numbers of infants and young children derives from the coming together of multiple and complex social forces that both generate and justify these practices. One thing is sure: miseducation does not grow out of established knowledge about what is good pedagogy for infants and young children. Rather, the reasons must be sought in the changing values, size, structure, and style of American families, in the residue of the 1960s efforts to ensure equality of education for all groups, and in the new status, competitive, and computer pressures experienced by parents and educators in the eighties.While miseducation has always been with us — we have always had pushy parents —today it has become a societal norm. If we do not wake up to the potential danger of these harmful practices, we may do serious damage to a large segment of the next generation.55 What is happening in the United States today is truly astonishing because______. (A)people prefer facts over hearsay(B)the Americans are open to research(C)the Americans respect expert opinions(D)many people are blind to facts, research and expert opinions56 Which of the following statements is right according to the text?(A)Educational programs are adopted for young children.(B)Children enter school at age four in the US.(C)Nursery school are becoming more like kindergartens in the US.(D)Parents teach infants and young children reading, math, and science in the US.57 We should not instruct children in academic subjects, or in swimming, gymnastics, or ballet, at too early an age because______.(A)there are short-term stress and long-term personality damages(B)it is not useful(C)it brings too many benefits to be useful(D)we miseducate them58 Which of the following statements is wrong?(A)We educate our children wrongly because social forces make us to do so.(B)We educate our children wrongly because we believe it is good for infants and young children.(C)We educate our children wrongly because our values, size, structure, and style of American families have changed.(D)We educate our children wrongly because we did it to ensure better education of our children.59 The term "miseducation" means______in the passage.(A)educating children wrongly(B)educating children at too early an age(C)educating children according to wrong theories(D)educating children wrong types of knowledge60 Which of the following best sums up the arguments of the text?(A)Education and misdeucation.(B)Parents and education.(C)Kindergartens, nurseries and schools in the US.(D)Health of US education.61 What do you think of the word-association tests as discussed in Passage 3?62 Do you think our, body's response with Cortisol is harmful to our health? Why? (This question is based on Passage 4)63 Please explain in your own words why stress can cause a vicious academic cycle. ( This question is based on Passage 4)64 Many Americans think that very early education is important because they find support from recent educational studies. Do you agree with the statement? (This question is based on Passage 5)65 Why has miseducation become a societal norm? (This question is based on Passage 5)三、Writing66 Directions: Please write a paper of no fewer than 300 words about the following question: Do you think, with growing power of China, Chinese will become an international language in the future? Why?答案见麦多课文库。
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2016年外交学院翻译硕士考研真题今年的题总体比较简单英语翻译基础缩略语有30个,政治、经济、科技都有涉及,但是今年出的比较简单,感觉还是跟时政,热词联系较多,每个缩略语后还有提示,就像QM(学科名词)这样的QM BBA AIIB UNSC HSBC CCTV(不是中央电视台)EFTA(国际组织)影子银行三严三实hedge fund英译汉有6小段,每段4-6行吧,内容是一个《卫报》的编辑写给《卫报》成立100周年的文章,开头第一句话是A hundred years is a long time; It’s a long time even……..汉译英是时文翻译,内容跟外交关系有关:(育明教育押中原题)翻译硕士英语第一题是20个单选题,主要考词汇辨析,但是今年没有很长很偏的词,最后两个单选就是给出一句话,让选择选项中与所给句子中标黑的单词的同义词。
第二题是改错,有10个,考试形式跟专八改错一样,但是比专八稍简单第三题是阅读,共6篇,总体比较简单,但是问题形式多样,有一般的选择,还有判断对错(Yes or No or Not Given),多选,填文章主旨句,总之就是题型很多最后一题是作文,400词左右,写一下技术是怎样改变人们的交流方式和人际关系的。
汉语写作与百科知识今年这门科目变化挺大,但总体不难,第一题是30个选择,设计中国文化、文学、近代史(我觉得可能是因为今年是抗日战争胜利70周年,近代史的题有好几个),英美文学(主要是美国文学,但是题很少),还有跟时政有关的题,还有与朝鲜有关的题,是这样考的:新千年之际,朝韩实现了世纪握手,当时的朝韩总统是谁。
第二题是10个填空题,每个题不止一个空,全部是时政题,考了今年的矛盾文学奖、屠呦呦、达沃斯论坛及其主题、9.3阅兵、《三体》、波茨坦公告和联合国宣言……第三题是名词解释,有5个,新亚欧大陆桥、亚投行、一带一路、唯美主义、话本第四题是根据所给材料改写成通知,材料很短,就几行,改写的是关于开年度营销会的通知第五题是根据材料改写成报告,这篇比较长,材料是关于一家银行开投标会的流程报告。
第五题大作文,要求不少于1000字,属于半命题吧,先是给诗句“少年不识愁滋味,为赋新词强说愁……”,然后给了题目《的滋味》,自己补充题目。
2017年政治基础班讲义考点11:经济全球化及其表现1.经济全球化:在生产不断发展、科技加速进步、社会分工和国际分工不断深化、生产的社会化和国际化程度不断提高的情况下,世界各国、各地区的经济活动越来越超出一国和地区的范围而相互联系、相互依赖的一体化过程。
2.经济全球化的表现是多样性的:①生产的全球化。
②贸易的全球化。
③金融的全球化。
首先,国际债券市场融资规模迅速扩大。
其次,与国际股票市场的发展相联系,基金市场迅速成长。
最后,金融市场高度一体化。
④企业经营的全球化。
企业经营全球化的重要标志是跨国公司成为世界经济的主体。
考点12:经济全球化的动因和后果(一)导致经济全球化迅猛发展的因素主要有:1.科学技术的进步和生产力的发展。
2.跨国公司的发展。
跨国公司为经济全球化提供了适宜的企业组织形式。
3.各国经济体制的变革。
(二)经济全球化的后果:1.经济全球化的过程是生产社会化程度不断提高的过程。
经济全球化对发展中国家也具有积极的影响:①经济全球化使资源在全球范围加速流动,发展中国家可以利用这一机会引进先进技术和管理经验,以实现产业结构的高级化,增强经济的竞争力,缩短与发达国家的差距;②发展中国家可以通过吸引外资,扩大就业,使劳动力资源的优势得以充分发挥;③发展中国家也可以利用不断扩大的国际市场解决产品销售问题,以对外贸易带动本国经济的发展;④发展中国家还可以借助投资自由化和比较优势组建大型跨国公司,积极参与经济全球化进程,以便从经济全球化中获取更大的利益。
2.经济全球化又是一个充满矛盾的过程,它在产生积极效应的同时,也会产生消极的后果:①发达国家与发展中国家之间的差距扩大。
②在经济增长中忽视社会进步,环境恶化与经济全球化有可能同时发生。
③各国特别是相对落后国家原有的体制、政府领导能力、社会设施、政策体系、价值观念和文化都面临着全球化的冲击,国家内部和国际社会都出现不同程度的治理危机。
④经济全球化使各国之间的经济联系越来越密切,相互的依赖越来越强,而有效的全球性经济协调机制却没有建立起来,这就使爆发全球经济危机的风险不断增大。
经济全球化所带来的消极后果,会制约甚至破坏全球生产力的发展,对全球经济持续稳定健康地发展带来严重影响。
第二节:当代资本主义的新变化考点01:当代资本主义经济政治新变化的表现和特点(一)资本主义生产资料所有制的新变化:1.生产资料私有制是资本主义生产关系的核心,其实现形式是随着生产力的发展不断变化的。
自资本主义发展的初期开始,资本主义私有制经历了个体资本所有制、私人股份资本所有制、国家资本所有制和法人资本所有制(企业法人资本所有制和机构法人资本所有制)的发展过程。
法人资本所有制在性质上是一种基于资本雇佣劳动的垄断资本集体所有制,它仍体现着资本剥削雇佣劳动的关系。
2.资本主义所有制经过这些形式的演变,资本占有的社会化程度大大提高,但并没有改变资本主义生产资料占有的私人性质。
(二)劳资关系和分配关系的新变化:1.在资本主义发展的初期,资本家指挥下的劳动只是形式上隶属于资本,随着机器大工业生产体系的建立,生产工具使用的社会化程度提高,劳动者个人的技能不再对生产过程和结果具有决定意义了,劳动对资本的隶属就成为实质上的隶属。
2.随着社会生产力的发展和工人阶级反抗力量的不断壮大,资本家及其代理人开始采取一些缓和劳资关系的激励制度,促使工人自觉地服从资本家的意志。
这些制度主要有:①职工参与决策。
②终身雇佣。
③职工持股。
(三)社会阶层、阶级结构的变化:1.资本家的地位和作用已经发生很大变化。
拥有所有权的资本家一般不再直接经营和管理企业,而是靠手中拥有和掌握的企业股票等有价证券的利息收入为生,最终成为以剪息票为生的食利者。
2.高级职业经理成为大公司经营活动的实际控制者。
3.知识型和服务型劳动者的数量不断增加,劳动方式发生了新变化。
(四)经济调节机制和经济危机形态的变化1.经济调节机制的变化:第二次世界大战结束以来,市场机制已不是唯一的经济调节机制了,资产阶级国家对经济的干预不断加强,与市场机制相辅相成,共同推动着资本主义经济的运行和发展。
2.经济危机形态的变化:在经济调节机制变化的同时,经济危机形态也发生了变化,表现在:①危机对社会经济运行的干扰减轻,破坏性减弱,生产下降的幅度减小,失业率有所降低,企业破产的数量减少;②危机周期的长度缩短;经济危机的四个阶段之间的差别有所减弱,各阶段的交替过程已不如过去那样明显;③金融危机对整个经济危机的影响加强。
(五)政治制度的变化1.国家行政机构的权限不断加强;2.政治制度出现多元化的趋势,公民权利有所扩大。
3.重视并加强法制建设;4.改良主义政党在政治舞台上的影响扩大。
考点02:当代资本主义新变化的原因和实质1.当代资本主义新变化的原因:①科学技术革命和生产力的发展,是资本主义变化的根本推动力量。
②工人阶级争取自身权力和利益斗争的作用,是推动资本主义变化的重要力量。
③社会主义制度初步显示的优越性对资本主义产生了一定影响。
④主张改良主义的政党对资本主义制度的改革,也对资本主义的变化发挥了重要作用。
2.当代资本主义新变化的实质①当代资本主义发生的变化是人类社会发展一般规律和资本主义经济规律作用的结果。
②当代资本主义发生的变化是在资本主义制度基本框架内的变化,并不意味着资本主义生产关系的根本性质发生了变化。
资本主义制度是建立在生产资料私有制和雇佣劳动基础上的剥削制度,无止境地追求最大限度的剩余价值,是资本主义制度的基本规律。
只要生产资料私有制和雇佣劳动还存在,只要生产剩余价值的规律还发生作用,资本主义生产关系的根本性质就不会发生变化。
当代资本主义的新变化是深刻的,其意义也是深远的,但是,这些变化并没有触动资本主义统治的根基,并没有改变资本主义制度的性质,也没有改变马克思主义关于资本主义的基本原理的科学性。
第三节:资本主义的历史地位和发展趋势考点01:资本主义的历史地位1.与封建社会相比,资本主义显示了巨大的历史进步性:①资本主义将科学技术转变为强大的生产力。
②资本追求剩余价值的内在动力和竞争的外在压力推动了社会生产力的迅速发展。
③资本主义的意识形态和政治制度作为上层建筑在战胜封建社会自给自足的小生产的生产方式,保护、促进和完善资本主义生产方式方面起着重要作用,从而推动了社会生产力的迅速发展,促进了社会进步。
2.局限性,其表现是:①资本主义基本矛盾阻碍社会生产力的发展。
②资本主义制度下财富占有两极分化,引发经济危机。
③资本家阶级支配和控制资本主义经济和政治的发展和运行,不断激化社会矛盾和冲突。
上述局限性决定了资本主义的经济、政治、文化和社会等各个领域以及全球范围内的冲突、动荡和危机。
这些局限性在资本主义生产方式范围内是不可能根本消除的,它决定了资本主义生产方式的历史过渡性。
考点02:资本主义为社会主义所代替的历史必然性资本主义的内在矛盾决定了资本主义必然被社会主义所代替:①资本主义基本矛盾“包含着现代的一切冲突的萌芽”。
②资本积累推动资本主义基本矛盾不断激化并最终否定资本主义自身。
③国家垄断资本主义是资本社会化的更高形式,将成为社会主义的前奏。
④资本主义社会存在着资产阶级和无产阶级两大阶级。
考点03:从资本主义向社会主义过渡的复杂性和长期性1.任何社会形态的存在都有相对稳定性,从产生到衰亡都要经过相当长的时间跨度。
2.资本主义发展不平衡性决定了过渡的长期性。
3.当代资本主义的发展,还显示出生产关系对生产力容纳的空间,说明资本主义为社会主义所代替尚需长期的过程。
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