阅读理解的小窍门

阅读理解的小窍门作者：景一来源：《中学生英语·中考指导版》2017年第10期There is a right way to read a book for pleasure， and a right way to read a book for learning. You can read a book for pleasure one time through and be just fine. You’ll get all you need out of that one reading—which is pleasure. However， it is harmful to assume that you should approach academic reading the same way. In order to read and comprehend a book or article for school， you need to be much more intentional1 and strategic2. That is， if you want to earn a good grade！In most reading tests， the student is asked to read a passage and predict3 what might happen next. Prediction4 is a common reading comprehension strategy. The purpose for this strategy is to make sure you’re able to infer information from the clues in the text.Here’s a passage to clarify this point：Clara gripped5 the handle of the heavy glass pitcher6 and lifted it from the refrigerator shelf. As she watched the pitcher crash into a thousand pieces， she saw the figure of her mother appear in the kitchen doorway.So， what do you think will happen next？We could guess that Clara’s mother reacts angrily，or we might guess that the mother bursts into laughter.But if I told you that this passage was a short paragraph from a thriller7， that fact might change your answer. Similarly， if I told you this passage came from a comedy，you’d make a very different prediction.Understanding the genre of a book helps you make predictions about the action—which helps you comprehend the action.Any time you read to learn （and not for plea sure）， you should use active reading skills. There are good tools to use as you read， and there are tools that are not so good to use.A pencil is a good tool. You can use a pencil to make annotations8 in the margins9 of your text without doing any permanent10 damage to the text. Another good tool is a pack of sticky notes. Use your notes to write down thoughts， impressions， predictions， and questions as you read.A highlighter11， on the other hand， can be a really bad tool. Not only do you create some serious damage when you highlight12 a book， you also give yourself the false impression that you have done anything significant by doing so.The only thing you do by highlighting is marking passages that you may want to read again. But if a passage impresses you enough to highlight it， you must indicate why it impresses you. Other wise， you will go back to read isolated sentences and try to remember why they were important.It’s a no doubt that you should take the time to identify and look up new and unfamiliar words as you read. But it’s important to make a note of those new words，and revisit them long after you’ve finished reading that book.Once a text is completed， the writer may re flect on the true message or purpose as a final step and come up with a new title. This means you can use the title as a clue to help you understand the message or purpose of your text.有为了消遣而阅读的合适的方式，也有为了学习而阅读的合适的方式。

你每次读一本书用以消遣也很好。

你会从愉快的阅读中得到你所需要的一切。

然而，假设你以同样的方式来对待学术阅读则是有害的。

为了学业，也就是说，如果你想取得好成绩的话，去阅读和理解一本书或一篇文章，你需要更加有目的性和策略性。

大多数阅读测试要求学生阅读一篇文章并预测下一步可能发生什么。

预测是阅读理解的一种常见策略。

这个策略的目的是确保你能够推断出文本中的线索信息。

下面用一段文字来说明这一点：克拉拉抓住沉重的玻璃水罐把手，从冰箱搁板上抬起。

当她望着水罐摔成碎片时，她看到她母亲的身影出现在厨房门口。

那么，你认为下一步会发生什么？我们可以猜测，克拉拉的母亲反应会是很生气，或者我们可以猜测，母亲爆发出笑声。

但是如果我告诉你这一段文字节选自一部惊悚小说，这个事实可能会影响你的答案。

同样，如果我告诉你这段话来自一部喜剧，你又会做出一个非常不同的预测。

了解一本书的类型能帮你在阅读时做出预测，这有助于你对文本的理解。

任何时候你看书学习（而不是看书作为娱乐），都应该使用积极的阅读技巧。

当你阅读时，有好的工具可以使用，也有些工具不太好用。

铅笔是一种很好的工具。

你可以用铅笔在文字边缘作注释而不会对文本产生任何永久损坏。

另一种好工具是便利贴。

在阅读时，可以用便利贴记录下你的想法、印象、预测和问题。

荧光笔，从另一方面讲，可以说是一个非常糟糕的工具。

当你标记一本书的时候，你不仅会对书造成一些严重的损坏，也会给自己一个错误的印象，认为这样做之后你就已经完成了所有重要的事情。

你通过荧光笔唯一能标记的是你可能想再读一遍的段落。

但如果某一段让你印象深刻地到想要用荧光笔来标记强调，你必须标明为什么它令你印象深刻。

否则，你只会回头去读孤立的句子，去努力回忆为什么它们很重要。

当你阅读的时候，毫无疑问，你应该花时间去辨别和查出生词或不熟悉的单词。

但重要的是要做好这些生词的笔记，并在读完书后再复习这些词。

一旦一篇文章完成，作者也许会把真实的信息或目的作为最后一步来思考，并且起一个新的标题。

这意味着你可以将标题作为线索来帮助自己理解文本的信息或目的。

Notes：1. intentional [ ] adj. 故意的；蓄意的；策划的2. strategic [ ] adj. 战略上的，策略的3. predict [ ] vt. 预报，预言；预知4. prediction [ ] n. 预报；预言；预测5. grip [ ] vt. 紧握；夹紧6. pitcher [ ] n. 大水罐7. thriller [ ] n. 惊险小说8. annotation [ ] n. 注释；注解；释文9. margin [ ] n. 边缘；页边的空白10. permanent [ ] adj. 永久的，永恒的；不变的11. highlighter [ ] n. 荧光笔，高光色12. highlight [ ] vt. 突出；强调；使显著；加亮。