自考汉语言本科：00015英语二讲义Unit 5 Keeping Your Dreams Alive0505
自考汉语言本科：00015英语二...
自考汉语言本科：00015英语二...II. Text LearningThe Language of Confidence1 The language we use programs our brains. Mastering our language gives us agreat degree of mastery over our lives and our destinies. It is important to usethe language in the best way possible in order to dramatically improve ourquality of life.2 Even the smallest of words can have the deepest effect on our subconsciousmind, which is like a child, and it doesn't really understand the differencebetween what really happens and what you imagine. (1)It is eager to please andwilling to carry out any commands that you give it - whether you do thisknowingly or not is entirely up to you."Try"3 It is a small word yet it has an amazing impact upon us. If someone says,"I'll try to do that" you know that they are not going to be putting their wholeheart into it, and may not even do it at all. (2)How often do you use the wordtry when talking about the things that matter to you? Do you say "I'll try to bemore confident" or "I'll try to do that" or "I'll try to call"?4 Think about something that you would like to achieve, and say it to yourselfin two different ways. Firstly say, "I'll try to …" and notice how you feel.Next say, "I will do …" and see how you feel.5 (3)The latter makes you feel better than the first one, doesn't it? It givesyou a sense of determination, a feeling that it will be done. Listen to thepeople around you and when they say they will try notice if it gets done or not.Eliminate the word try from your dictionary and see how your life improves.（承上句）本部分重点及难点：显示重难点解析1. It is eager to please and willing to carry out any commandsthat you give it- whether you do this knowingly or not is entirely up to you.它渴望取悦，乐意听从你给它的任何命令，而你是有意还是无意地做这些完全取决于你。
《英语二》(课程代码：00015)课程考试大纲
目录I 课程性质与设置目的II课程内容与考核目标第一章TWO WORDS TO A VOID, TWO TO REMEMBER第二章THE FINE ART OF PUTTING THINGS OFF第三章WALLS AND BARRIERS第四章THE LADY，OR THE TIGER？PART I第五章THE LADY，OR THE TIGER？PART II第六章DULL WORK第七章BEAUTY第八章APPETITE第九章A RED LIGHT FOR SCOFFLAWS第十章STRAIGHT-A ILLITERACY第十一章ON CONSIGNING MANUSCRIPTS TO FLOPPY DISCS AND ARCHIVES TO OBLIVION第十二章GRANT AND LEE：A STUDY IN CONTRASTS第十三章EUPHEMISM第十四章THAT ASTOUNDING CREATOR--NATURE第十五章TEACHING AS MOUNTAINEERINGIII 有关说明与实施要求附录题型举例I 课程性质与设置目的本课程是高等教育自学考试英语教育（独立本科段）考试计划中的核心课程之一。
设置本课程的目的可以归纳为如下几方面：1．引导学生注意吸收语言材料、扩大文化知识，特别是有关英美的文化知识。
2．通过对文章的思想内容、篇章结构、语言技巧的分析，提高学生对文章的理解、分析及评述的能力。
3．继续打好语言基本功，培养熟练技巧，努力发展学生综合应用英语的能力。
4．本课程重点章节为第2章，第3章，第4章，第5章，第6章，第7章，第8章，第9章，第11章，第12章，第13章，次重点为第10章，第15章，一般章节第1章，第14章。
II 课程内容与考核目标（考核知识、考核要求）第一章TWO WORDS TO A VOID, TWO TO REMEMBER一．学习目的与要求To grasp:1.the background of the story;2.the background of the author;anization and development of the text (narrative);4.detailed study of the text;5.Description in Narration二．课程内容：TWO WORDS TO A VOID, TWO TO REMEMBER三．考核知识点：1. Words and phrases of this unit;2. Organization and development of the text (narrative);3. Description in Narration四．考核要求识记：Words and phrases of this unit1. the sudden flash of insight that leaves you a changed person: the quick and spontaneous understanding that makes you a changed person2. fallen through: failed3. checkered tablecloth: tablecloth marked by light and dark patches4. chewing the bitter cud of hindsight: thinking repeatedly about the painful realization of what had happened5. he still carried a full case load: he still carried a briefcase fully loaded with documents6. They are not identified, of course: Their names are not given7. we might begin to get somewhere: succeed8. There's a perverse streak in all of us: obstinately unreasonable quality9. I shook my head ruefully: regretfully10. substitute a phrase that supplies lift instead of creating drag: use a phrase that provides a feeling of encouragement instead of causing nuisance11. with an audible click: clearly/without any doubt12. I spotted a cruising cab and ran toward it: taxi moving leisurely about, looking for passengers13. Then I wait for that almost perceptible mental click: the clear signal suggested by the Old man that can almost be felt in the mind领会：1. The Organization and development of the text (narrative);2. Description in Narration简单应用:Sentence structure and rewriting综合应用:Paragraph translation from Chinese to English第二章THE FINE ART OF PUTTING THINGS OFF一．学习目的与要求To grasp:1. Some allusions and historical events mentioned in the text(some see notes to the text)—Punic Wars and Quintus Fabius Maximus, Hamlet, Faustian encounters, Jean Kerr, etc.2. Organization and development of the text;3. Main idea of each paragraph.4. Style VS. Tone; Formal VS. Informal; (the use of formal style, formal words andphrases exaggeration to convey a gay and delightful tone);5. Level of Usage二．课程内容：THE FINE ART OF PUTTING THINGS OFF三．考核知识点：1.Words and phrases of this unit;2. Organization and development of the text;3. Main idea of each paragraph.4. Style VS. Tone; Formal VS. Informal四．考核要求识记：Words and phrases of this unit1. exhorted: urged strongly2. the elegant earl never got around to marrying his son's mother: found time for3. a habit of keeping worthies like Dr. Johnson cooling their heels for hours: men of importance like Dr. Johnson waiting4. That.…attests to the fact that: proves5. one of the great Roman generals was dubbed "Cunctator": named humorously6. for putting off battle until the last possible vinum break: until an effective defense deservinga celebration with champagne was ensured7. Moses pleaded a speech defect to rationalize his reluctance to deliver Jehovah's edict toPharaoh: claimed that he had a speech defect, and that he had reasons for8. at an ungodly 6:30 p.m.: unreasonable9. to file for an extension of the income tax deadline: apply officially10.until the apocalyptic voice of Diners threatens doom from Denver: warning, suggests unavoidable destruction11.They postpone, as Faustian encounters, visits to barbershop: as if they will see devils12.Yet for all the trouble procrastination may incur: in spite of13.the art of postponement had been virtually a monopoly of the military, diplomacy and the law: found almost only in the field of14.to ruminate about the situation with Singapore Sling in hand: go over in mind repeatedly and slowly15.Blessedly, he had no nattering Telex to order machine guns and fresh troops: fortunately, noisy16.Even there is no will, there is a way: there is no will to delay, there is a way to do so.17.in the higher echelons of business: in the case of higher levels18.The data explosion fortifies those seeking excuses for inaction: encourages, doing nothing19.His point is will taken: accepted20.Bureaucratization, which flourished amid the growing burdens of government and the greater complexity of society, was designed to smother policymaker in blanks of legalism, compromise and reappraisal: Excessive silly rules, which developed very quickly as a result of the expanding administrative structure and the greater complexity of society, were made to restrict policymakers, who have to be engaged in endless paperwork, mediation and reconsideration21.Many languages are studded with phrases that refer to putting things off: filled22.There are all sorts of rationalizations: reasons23.a kind of subliminal way of sorting the important from the trivial: way outside one's conscious awareness24.It is something of a truism: an undoubted truth25.for that matter: as further concerns the thing mentioned26.So…is the creation of an entree: a small carefully prepared meat dish27.the design can mellow and marinate: ripen and mature28.pace Lord Chesterfield: with all due respect to领会：1. Some allusions and historical events mentioned in the text(some see notes to the text)—Punic Wars and Quintus Fabius Maximus, Hamlet, Faustian encounters, Jean Kerr, etc.2. Organization and development of the text;3. Main idea of each paragraph.4. Style VS. Tone; Formal VS. Informal; (the use of formal style, formal words and phrasesexaggeration to convey a gay and delightful tone);简单应用:1. sentence structure and rewriting2. paragraph proofreading综合应用:Paragraph translation from Chinese to English第三章WALLS AND BARRIERS一．学习目的与要求To grasp:1.The Chief Personalities of Man2.Einstein’s Chief Personalities: Modesty, Simplicity, etc.3.Description Developed by Examples二．课程内容：WALLS AND BARRIERS三．考核知识点：1. Inductive analysis to help make his proposition logically sound.2. Comparison and contrasts3. Changes that have occurred in people’s notion of money, in the function of the bank, andaccordingly, in its architectural features — change in the form or design of architecture is the result of a change in people’s attitude.4. Organization and development of the text:Para.1& 2: beginning with quoting his fatherPara 3 & 4: a view of money in the past and now, architectural designs of banksPara 4: function of bankPara 6: classical and new criticism of architecturePara 7 & 9: attitude toward possible hositility from without in primitive and modernworldPara 8 &10: attitude toward privacy四．考核要求识记：Words and phrases of this unit1. to whom a good deal of modern architecture is unnerving: discouraging2. a tangible commodity: material3. that could be hefted: lifted for making out the weight4. to attract the custom of a sensible man: business patronage5. If a building's design made it appear impregnable: firm enough6. the institution was necessarily sound: in good condition7. the meaning of the heavy wall…dwelt in the prevailing attitude toward money, rather than in any aesthetic theory: was based on , on8. the most valuable elements are dash and a creative flair for the invention of large numbers: vigor and a creative ability9. the door to the vault, far from being secluded and guarded, is set out: not at all10.the older bank asserted its invulnerability: showed forcefully its freedom from harm11.it is hard to say where architecture ends and human assertion begins: expression of human attitudes12.walls are not simply walls but physical symbols of the barriers in men's minds: fears13.they could feel themselves to be in a delimited space: space with fixed limits14.the undeveloped technology of the period precluded the construction of more delicate walls: made impossible15.the fear of dissolution being the ultimate fear: death16.it has become questionable: not certain17.Men were dirty, prying, vile, and dangerous: nosy, evil18.the rooms faced not out, but in, toward a patio: inner roofless yard19.engaging in the intimate activities of a personal as against a public life: rather than20.The rich intricacies of the decorative arts of the period: complex details21….are as illustrative of this attitude as the walls themselves: illustrate as much22.by the conventions of law and social practice: agreements23.and the same goes for our homes: is true for24.Glass may accomplish this function: perform well25.people who still have qualms about eating…under conditions of high visibility: unpleasant feelings26.walls that will at least give them a sense of adequate screening: privacy due to separation27.the toilette taboo being still unbroken: forbidden practice28.To repeat, it is our changing conceptions of ourselves in relation to the world that determine: In a word, it is our attitudes toward29.The "open plan" and the unobstructed view are consistent with his faith in the eventual solution of all problems: view free from obstruction squarely express领会：1. Comparison and contrasts2. Changes that have occurred in people’s notion of money, in the function of the bank, andaccordingly, in its architectural features — change in the form or design of architecture is the result of a change in people’s attitude.3. Organization and development of the text.简单应用:1. sentence structure and rewriting2. paragraph proofreading综合应用:Paragraph translation from Chinese to English第四章THE LADY，OR THE TIGER？PART I一．学习目的与要求To grasp:1. General introduction of the story — about how justice is administered by a semi-barbaricking.2. Writing skills and style of the text;3. Literary genre: the short story二．课程内容：THE LADY，OR THE TIGER？PART I三．考核知识点：1.Words and phrases of this unit;2.The organization of the text3. Writing skills and style of the text;4. Literary genre: the short story四．考核要求：识记：Words and phrases of this unit1. somewhat polished and sharpened by the progressiveness of distant Latin neighbors: civilized2. whose ideas were still large, florid, and untrammeled, as became the half of him which was barbaric: sweeping, wild, and unrestrained, and so3. He was a man of exuberant fancy: wild and excessive4. he turned his varied fancies into facts: fancies of different kinds5. He was greatly given to self-communing: in the habit of discussing matters with himself6. his nature was bland and genial: gentle and cheerful7. some of his orbs got out of their orbits: subjects did something wrong8. to make the crooked straight, and crush down uneven places: to execute justice9. his barbarism had become semified: reduced to half of what it used to be10.the minds of his subjects were refined and cultured: improved and cultivated11.even the exuberant and barbaric fancy asserted itself: showed its power12.The vast amphitheater…was an agent of poetic justice: perfect13.he owed more allegiance to no tradition than pleased his fancy: stuck to no tradition except that which14.the fiercest and most cruel that could be procured: obtained with effort15.doleful iron bells were clanged: sad16.wended slowly their homeward way: moved over a distance17….should have merited so dire a fate: deserved so terrible18.the most suitable to his years and station: social rank19.to interfere with his great scheme of: to stop20. retribution and reward:, deserved punishment21.dancing maidens blowing joyous airs: tunes22.the wedding was promptly and cheerily solemnized: performed in a manner of formal religious ceremony23.the innocent man, preceded by children: headed24.strewing flowers on his path, led his bride to his home: scattering25.The decisions …were positively determinate: clear26.to witness a hilarious wedding: wedding causing wild laughter27.This element of uncertainty lent an interest to the occasion which it could not otherwise have attained: and this interest could not have been attained in other ways28.the thinking part of the community: those who did not follow the practice blindly in领会：1.Words and phrases of this unit;2.The organization of the text3. Writing skills and style of the text;4. Literary genre: the short story简单应用:1. sentence structure and rewriting2. paragraph proofreading综合应用:Paragraph translation from Chinese to English第五章THE LADY，OR THE TIGER？PART II一．学习目的与要求To grasp:1.Brief review of the background — Part I in Unit four, the semi-barbaric king and his way ofadministering justice.2.Structure of the text3.Psychological description of the princess;4.How does the author create the intensity of situation?5.The unconventional ending with a question and its effect.6.Literary genre: the short story二．课程内容：THE LADY，OR THE TIGER？PART II三．考核知识点：1.Words and phrases of this unit;2. Structure of the text3. Psychological description of the princess;4. How does the author create the intensity of situation?5. The unconventional ending with a question and its effect.6. Literary genre: the short story四．考核要求：识记：Words and phrases of this unit1. fervent and imperious as his own: strong and arrogant2. royal maiden was well satisfied with her lover: princess3. ardor that had enough of barbarism in it: eagerness4. waver in regard to his duty in the premises: falter to execute his power in his own territory5. deed with which the accused was charged had been done: romantic affair6. take an aesthetic pleasure in watching the course of events: enjoy watching with excitement7. admittance: right of entrance8. hum of admiration and anxiety: noise9. Possessed of more power: With10. possessed herself of the secret of the doors: managed to get11.the damsels of the court: unmarried young women of noble birth12. aspiring to one so far above him: desiring earnestly13. those whose souls are one: who understand each other very well14. lead us through devious mazes of passion: helps us get rid of the control of the confusing feelings and emotions of various kinds15.her soul was at a white heat beneath the combined fires of despair and jealousy: she suffered badly from the torture of despair and jealousy16.How often had she started in wild horror: been startled17.in the blessed regions: holy18. futurity: future time19.Her decision had been indicated in an instant: made clear20. anguished deliberation: agonizing self-debating21. presume to set myself up as the one person able to answer it: suppose to regard myself领会：1. Description of the princess, daughter of the semi-barbaric king;2. Her love with enough of barbarism for the young courtier of that fineness of blood and lowness of station3. Her combined fires of despair and jealousy;4. Her decision;5. Structure of the text6. The unconventional ending with a question and its effect.7. Literary genre: the short story简单应用:1. sentence structure and rewriting2. paragraph proofreading综合应用:Paragraph translation from Chinese to English第六章DULL WORK一．学习目的与要求To grasp:1.The organization of the text2. Classical Thetoric二．课程内容：DULL WORK三．考核知识点：1.Words and phrases of this unit;2.The organization of the text;3. Classical Thetoric四．考核要求：识记：Words and phrases of this unit1. assumption that: belief2. eventful lives: lives full of important events3. The opposite is nearer the truth: The fact that people who achieve much are often content with the routine uneventful lives they live4. an unalterable routine: a dull and regular5. transmute trivial impulses into momentous consequences: be inspired by seemingly unimportant sudden ideas for the success in great achievements6. what he can do with physiological pressures and hunger: his capacity to suffer illness and hunger7. vexation: discomfort8. seminal: highly original and influencing the development of future events9. equidistant from：equally distant10. insights: understandings11. inordinate humanness shows itself in the ability to make the trivial and common reach anenormous way: excessive human feature is embodied12. exhausts rather than stimulates: exhausts rather than stimulates creative power领会：1.The organization of the text2.Classical Thetoric简单应用:1. sentence structure and rewriting2. paragraph proofreading综合应用:Paragraph translation from Chinese to English第七章BEAUTY一．学习目的与要求To grasp:1.The organization of the text2.Definition二．课程内容：BEAUTY三．考核知识点：1. Words and phrases of this unit;2. The organization of the text;3. Definition四．考核要求：识记：Words and phrases of this unit1. what we have to call--lamely, enviously--whole persons: helplessly2. it was quite paradoxical: seemingly self-contradictory3.seductive: charming4. One of Socrates' main pedagogical acts was to be ugly: teaching5. we are more wary of the enchantments of beauty: careful about the different aspects of overall excellence6. We …split of--with the greatest facility--the "inside" from the "outside": very easily7. the central place of beauty in classical ideas of human excellence: ancient Greek and Roman8. Christianity set beauty adrift: out of control9. an alienated, arbitrary, …enchantment:, strange and capricious10. Associating beauty with women has put beauty even further on the defensive, morally: questionable in value11. Catholic countries…still retain some vestiges: traces12.of the pagan admiration for beauty:, ancient Greek and Roman13.to the detriment of the notion of beauty: which is harmful to领会：1. The organization of the text;2. Definition简单应用:1. sentence structure and rewriting2. paragraph proofreading综合应用:Paragraph translation from Chinese to English第八章APPETITE一．学习目的与要求To grasp:1.The organization of the text2.Sentence complexity and rhetorical effect3.Allusion: Oscar Wilde, Irish-born writer. Renowned as a wit in London literary circles, heachieved recognition with The Picture of Dorian Gray (1891), a novel. He also wrote plays of lively dialogue, such as The Importance of Being Earnest (1895), and poetry, including The Ballad of Reading Gaol (1898).4.Cultural tip: puritanical device and asceticism Puritan: A member of a group of EnglishProtestants who in the 16th and 17th centuries advocated strict religious discipline along with simplification of the ceremonies and creeds of the Church of England. It can also refer to someone who lives in accordance with Protestant precepts, especially one who regards pleasure or luxury as sinful.5. Definition Through Comparison and Example二．课程内容：APPETITE三．考核知识点：1. Words and phrases of the unit;2. The organization of the text3. Definition Through Comparison and Example四．考核要求：识记：Words and phrases of this unit1. Appetite is the keenness of living: strong desire to live on2. you are still curious to exist: eager3. you still have an edge on your longings: are still driven by strong desires4. taste its multitudinous flavours and juices: numerous5. I don't mean the lust for food: overwhelming desire6. any burning in the blood: any strong desire that you have7. who never got their heart's desire: were never satisfied8. I've always preferred wanting to having: being in the state of wanting something to having something9. the whole toffeeness of toffees: appeal for a child to eat toffees10.imperceptibly diminished: unaccountably11.a particular texture: structure of a substance12.deliberate fasting eating no food on purpose13.appetite is too precious to be bludgeoned into insensibility by satiation: destroyed by over-indulgence in what one likes14.I don't really want three square meals a day: good satisfying15.I want one huge, delicious, orgiastic, table-groaning blow-out: exciting, lavish meal heavyenough to cause the table to groan16.a way of anticipating a rare moment of indulgence: expecting领会：1.The organization of the text2.Sentence complexity and rhetorical effect3.Definition Through Comparison and Example简单应用:1. sentence structure and rewriting2. paragraph proofreading综合应用:Paragraph translation from Chinese to English第九章A RED LIGHT FOR SCOFFLAWS一．学习目的与要求：To grasp:1.The organization of the text2.This part concerns itself with legal English, so words often used in legal documents should bestudied thoroughly. ①Words denoting unlawfulness: illicit illegal lawless unofficial illegitimate criminal unauthorized unlicensed banned prohibited forbidden ②Words denoting people involved in lawsuit: culprit criminal sinner defendant accused offender plaintiff accuser prosecutor suitor ③words used in traffic laws: Double parking speeding speed limit red-light runner3.Evidence二．课程内容：A RED LIGHT FOR SCOFFLAWS三．考核知识点：1. Words and phrases of the unit;2. The organization of the text3. Evidence四．考核要求：识记：Words and phrases of this unit1. law and order: the condition of society in which given rules are respected and obeyed2. millions of Americans are taking increasing liberties with the legal codes: violating more frequently3. outlaw litter: unlawful strewing with rubbish4. illicit noise: noise too loud to be permitted5. motorized anarchy: disorder created by motorists6.a majority of Americans have blithely taken to committing: thoughtlessly been used to7.supposedly minor derelictions as a matter of course: negligence without feeling ashamed8.Scofflaws abounds: people who treat the law with contempt exist in large numbers9.the graffiti-prone: who are prone to cover walls with drawings or writings for fun10.Widespread flurries of ordinances: quantities of commands11.the beer-soaked hooliganism: the disorder of fighting or breaking things committed by excessive beer drinkers12.that plagues many parks: continually troubles13. pot smoker: marijuana addict14.to duck out of public sight to pass round a joint: escape from领会：1.The organization of the text2.Evidence简单应用:1. sentence structure and rewriting2. paragraph proofreading综合应用:Paragraph translation from Chinese to English第十章STRAIGHT-A ILLITERACY一．学习目的与要求：To grasp:1.Author’s definition of STRAIGHT-A ILLITERACY.2.The ability to Understand humor in Western context reflects the degree of culturalassimilation over the years of English learning. Ask students to point out the humors effect of these phrases: reaching its terminal stage providentially protectedthe basic opposing argument.3. Casual analysis二．课程内容：STRAIGHT-A ILLITERACY三．考核知识点：1.Words and phrases of the unit;2.The organization of the text3.Author’s definition of STRAIGHT-A ILLITERACY.4.Casual analysis四．考核要求：识记：Words and phrases of this unit1. a straight-A student: a student who gets A's for all courses taken2. to give him equal time with his widely publicized counterparts: as much attention as paid to those well-known ordinary illiterate people3. a highly articulate student: student who can use language very easily and fluently4. he has been awarded a coveted fellowship: a long-admired sum of money for admittance5. I shall call him, allegorically, Mr. Bright: figuratively6. It…gradually destroys the critical faculties: functions of the mind7. to detect gibberish in his own writing: meaningless talk8. The ordinary illiterate--perhaps providentially protected from college: luckily prevented by their poor ability of learning from entering college9. he is awarded the opportunity to move, inexorably, toward his fellowship: inescapably10.to admire it as profundity: profound matters11. he must grapple with such journals as: try to deal with12.journals bulging with barbarous jargon: full of outrageously meaningless talk or writing13.the pleasure principle: the human instinct of seeking pleasure and avoiding pain14. dichotomize: divide into two part15. bifurcate things: divide into two branches领会：1.The organization of the text2.Author’s definition of STRAIGHT-A ILLITERACY.3.Casual analysis简单应用:1. sentence structure and rewriting2. paragraph proofreading综合应用:Paragraph translation from Chinese to English第十一章ON CONSIGNING MANUSCRIPTS TO FLOPPY DISCS AND ARCHIVESTO OBLIVION一．学习目的与要求：To grasp:1.The organization of the text2.Discuss the impact of the development of science and technology on human history. Theyshould understand that the phrase history becomes now can be interpreted in another way.Associate this essay with Things: The Throw-away Society by Alvin Toffler.3.The rhetorical question二．课程内容：ON CONSIGNING MANUSCRIPTS TO FLOPPY DISCS AND ARCHIVES TO OBLIVION三．考核知识点：1. Words and phrases of the unit;2. The organization of the text;3. The rhetorical question四．考核要求：识记：Words and phrases of this unit1. on consigning manuscripts to floppy discs: putting manuscripts into the care of2. even the impoverished writers have turned to their Wangs: poor writers have begun to seek help from their Wangs3. We should deplore the disappearance of manuscripts: regret deeply4. Can this wobbly plastic reveal the hours: shaky5. beauty was born out of despair: the creation of beauty was the result of painstaking work, so much so that sometimes the writer lost hope6. blear-eyed wisdom was out of midnight oil: wisdom imbued in great works was the result of sleepless nights7. Manuscripts tells us what went on in a writer's soul, how he or she felt during the agony of creation: reveals to us the flow of the writer's thought, the strong passion poured into the hard work of creation8. Edna St. Vincent Millay may have burned the candle at both ends and wondered at its lovelylight: worked hard day and night for perfection and still not sure of it9. the copy with an occasional typo: printing error10.the bold handwriting has substituted a vivid verb for a flabby one: chosen a vivid verb to replace a weak one11.to switch a sentence or two around: to change the positions of a sentence or two12.The archives of a city are often musty collections of scribbled scraps of paper: collections of scribbled pieces of paper giving off odor suggestive of mould领会：1.The organization of the text2. The rhetorical question简单应用:1. sentence structure and rewriting2. paragraph proofreading综合应用:Paragraph translation from Chinese to English第十二章GRANT AND LEE：A STUDY IN CONTRASTS一．学习目的与要求：To grasp:1.The organization of the text2.The collision of different values and traditions, which led to America Civil War much morethoroughly.parison and Contrast二．课程内容：GRANT AND LEE：A STUDY IN CONTRASTS三．考核知识点：1.Words and phrases of the unit;2.The organization of the text3.The collision of different values and traditions, which led to America Civil War much morethoroughly.parison and Contrast四．考核要求：识记：Words and phrases of this unit1. These men were bringing the Civil War to its virtual finish: finish in essence though not formally2. To be sure,: It is true that3.the fugitive Confederate government would struggle desperately: the escaping4. But in effect the war was all over: practically5. the little room…was the scene of one of the poignant, dramatic contrasts in American history: deeply moving6. Back of Robert E. Lee was the notion that: At the back of7. the…concept might somehow survive: in some way8. the age of chivalry: the qualities of knights and institutions and values of the mediaeval Europe9. the rather hazy belief: uncertain。
(完整版)自考英语二(新版)原文Unit5KeepyourDreamsAlive
Unit 5 Keep your Dreams AliveA Famous QuoteYou are never too old to set another goal to dream a new dream.-- C. S. LewisClive Staples Lewis (1898-1963), Irish-born British scholar, writer and lay theologian. He was an established literary figure whose impact is increasingly recognized by scholars and teachers.Text A Life Is DifficultPre-reading Questions:1. Do you believe that life is difficult? What are some of the difficulties that you haveencountered in your life?2. What suggestions did you get from your parents or friends when you met withdifficulties in your life?Life is difficult.This is a great truth, one of the greatest truths. It is a great truth because once we truly see this truth we transcend it. Once we truly know that life is difficult – once we truly understand and accept it – then life is no longer difficult. Because once it is accepted, that fact that life is difficult no longer matters.Most people do not fully see this truth that life is difficult.Instead they moan more or less incessantly, noisily or subtly, about the enormity of their problems, their burdens, and their difficulties as if life were generally easy, as if life should be easy. They voice their belief, noisily or subtly, that their difficulties represent a unique kind of affliction that should not be and that has somehow been especially visited upon them, or else upon their families, their tribe, their class, their nation, their race, or even their species, and not upon others. I know about this moaning because I have done my share.Life is a series of problems. Do we want to moan about them or solve them? Do we want to teach our children to solve them?Discipline is the basic set of tools we require to solve life’s problems. Without discipline we can solve nothing. With only some discipline we can solve only some problems. With total discipline we can solve all problems.What makes life difficult is that the process of confronting and solving problems is a painful one. Problems, depending upon their nature, evoke in us frustration of grief, sadness, loneliness, guilt, regret, anger, fear, anxiety, anguish, or despair. These are uncomfortable feelings, often very uncomfortable, often as painful as any kind of physical pain, sometimes equaling the very worst kind of physical pain. Indeed, it is because of the pain that events or conflicts engender in us all that we can call them problems. And since life poses and endless of problems, life is always difficult and is full of pain as well as joy.Yet it is in this whole process of meeting and solving problems that life has its meaning. Problems are the cutting edge that distinguishes between success and failure. Problems call forth our courage and our wisdom; indeed, they create our courage and our wisdom. It is only because of problems that we grow mentally and spiritually. When we desire to encourage the growth of the human spirit, we challenge and encourage the human capacity to resolve problems, just as in school we deliberately set problems for our children to solve. It is through the pain of confronting and resolving that we learn. As Benjamin Franklin said, “Those things that hurt, instruct.” It is for this reason that wise people learn no to dread but actually to welcome problems and actually to welcome the pain of problems.Text B Begin AgainPre-reading Question:1. If your friends turn to you for advice when they face life’s challenges, what will yousay to them?2. What advice do you expect the author will give to people in difficulties?To begin again means that you won’t g ive up.To begin again means you’re trying.You can either start over and live your life.Or spend the rest of your life slowly dying.It is never the falling that makes us fail.It is never the pain or the crying.You can never fail in life, my friend,Unless you give up trying.– Bob PerksIt seems lately that more and more of my friends are facing some seemingly insurmountable challenges in their lives. A few have lost their jobs and some have failed marriages. All too many have failed marriages. All too many have health issues or are battling cancer.I don’t know if it is desperation that causes them to turn to me for advice or whether they have come to value our friendship. But it is difficult, to say the least, to offer words of hope when all they feel is hopelessness. They expect answers, some magic waving of a wand, or a roadmap to get them back on their feet again.I have often struggled with what to say. Mostly because I have faced many of the same challenges in my own life, I remember how empty I felt after someone cheerfully offered words like, “Keep your chin up!” “Things will get better!” “Hang in there!” “It’s always darkest…,” etc.Yes, even those were quick to quote the Bible to me found me quite unreceptive at the time.Now, as an inspiration writer, being thought of as a resource of hope or a good (or bad) example of what to do in life, I have even more people contacting me.So, what do I say?“What can I do, Bob?” I’ve lost my job. What do you suggest?”“Begin again.”“He walked out on me.My whole world just ended. What should I do?”“Begin again.”“Bob, I know both your on and your wife have cancer. I found out my wife does, too. What did you tell them?”“Begin again.”It almost sounds too simple. I imagine in the darkest hours of one’s l ife, those works would seem useless or uncaring. But it is indeed the answer.All life challenges bring about and ending –and the chance for a beginning. A job prevents and opportunity to start over somewhere else and maybe even in another career.A failed marriage does not mean you are through loving or being loved. It means there are others just like you needing to be loved. Find them.A life-threatening disease does not mean giving up. It means starting a new path to recovery and discovering within yourself the ability to fight back and win.And if you are a person of faith, even death does not mean it’s over. It means, “to begin again.”。
00015英语二课文精讲讲义(5)
00015英语二课文精讲讲义（5）Unit 5 Keeping Your Dream Alive(让你的梦想保持活力)将我非常喜欢的一句英语名言送给大家，跟大家共勉：You are never too old to set another goal or to dream a new dream.(无论我们有多少岁，都可以有新目标，新梦想)你还有梦想吗？还在为它而奋斗吗？Text A Life Is Difficult(生活是艰难的)短文共8个段落，领读课文和单词！一：本课重点词汇讲解，学习1.incessantly: adv不停地，形容词：incessant如：1). Night and day we live with the incessant noise of the city.2). She complains her husband incessantly.3.subtly:adv 微妙地；形容词：subtle;名词subtlety：敏锐，敏感如：1). We change subtly all the time.2). There are only subtle differences between the two designs.4.instruct: v 指导，教导；同根词：instruction: n；instructor：导师，讲师如：1). Please instruct me how to do my work.2). Following the doctor's instruction on taking medication is key.5.belief:n 相信，信心；动词：believe如：1). There is a general belief that things will soon get better.2). If you believe in yourself you can succeed.6.affliction: n 折磨，痛苦；动词：afflict如：1). Famine and war still afflict mankind.2). His deafness is a great affliction to him.7.species: n 物种，该词是单复数同形如：1). Pandas are an endangered species。
自考00015英语(二)课本对话参考译文
Unit l The Power of Language对话范例请朗读下面的对话，注意说话者提出建议的方式。
史蒂夫：嗨，珍妮，想不想这周末一起做点什么？珍妮：当然了。
做什么呢？史蒂夫：不知道。
你有什么想法吗？珍妮：看电影怎么样？史蒂夫：好主意。
看什么电影呢？珍妮：那就看《机动部队4》吧。
史蒂夫：我不想看那部电影，我不喜欢看充满暴力的影片。
《疯狂的布朗医生》怎么样？听说很有趣。
珍妮：好的。
就看这部吧！几点开始？史蒂夫：8点在瑞克斯影院。
看电影之前我们吃点东西怎么样？珍妮：当然了，好主意。
去新开的意大利餐馆梅开缇吧。
史蒂夫：太好了1 6点钟在那不见不散。
珍妮：好的。
6点钟梅开缇见。
再见。
史蒂夫：再见。
指导实践要求：给你的朋友提一些建议，告诉他们什么地方适合度假。
利用你自己的信息，也可以运用下面的提示。
你想去……吗？我们去……好吗？我们去……吧。
我们为什么不去……呀？去……怎么样？好主意。
谢谢你，给了我那么多好的建议。
英语学习的几点建议扩充词汇量(1)-练习，练习，再练习词汇量大是学习任何一种语言的基石，学习英语更应该如此。
学完单词很快你就忘掉了，这无益于英语学习。
研究表明，要重复10到20次，一个单词才能成为你词汇量的一部分。
以下是扩充词汇量的几点建议：●阅读是学习新单词的有效方法。
通过语境可以掌握很多单词。
●把单词写下来会有助于记忆单词——包括记忆单词的定义、用单词造句。
●学习了新单词，就要用索引卡片来复习，●定期复习索引卡片上的单词，查看自己是否已经忘记了刚学会的新单词，这样有助于记忆单词。
你每天能学会多少单词？每天学习十个英文单词或者短语不算多吧？试一试吧。
你会发现很快就学会了：为什么不试着每天（周一到周五）花点时间学习10个新单词呢？周末的时候复习一下一周所学的单词，这样每周可以学会50个单词，极大地丰富了你的词汇量。
（每个月就是200个单词哟！）Unit 2 Mistakes to Success参考译文对话范例请朗读下面的对话，注意说话者表达赞美的方式。
自考英语Unit 5 Keeping Your Dreams Alive
2
moan about
抱怨
• to complain in an annoying way, especially in an unhappy voice and without good reason:
– 'I feel seasick already,' she moaned. – A lot of people moaned about the parking problems.
Unit 5
Keeping Your Dreams Alive
Transcend 超越
• The beauty of her songs transcend words and language. • 她的美妙歌声无法用言语表达。 • Such matters transcend human understanding. • 这些事情是人类所无法理解的。 – 记忆技巧：tran 横过，越过 + scend 爬 → 爬越〔障碍〕→ 超越
5
Subtly不明显的
• a subtly different colour
• subtle adj. comparative subtler or, more subtle,
superlative subtlest
– The pictures are similar, but there are subtle differences between them. – The warning signs of the disease are so subtle that they are often ignored.
00015 英语二自学教程 unit5
Text A Life Is Difficult
然而，正是在遇到问题并解决问题的整个过程中，生活才具有意义。问题是 区分成功与失败的关键因素。问题赋予我们勇气和智慧；实际上，问题激发 了我们的勇气和智慧。我们想促进人类精神的发展，就要发出挑战、鼓励人 们去解决问题，就像在学校里那样，我们有意给孩子设置问题，让他们去解 决。正如本杰明·富兰克林说的那样，“给我们带来伤害的，也会给我们以启 示。”恰恰出于这个原因，明智的人们学会了不畏惧困难，而是迎接困难， 迎接困难带来的痛苦。
Discipline is the basic set of tools we require to solve life's problems.（主题句） Without discipline we can solve nothing. With only some discipline we can solve only some problems. With total discipline we can solve all problems. 自制力是必需的基本工具，它用来解决我们生活中出现的各种问题。没有自制 力，我们什么问题都解决不了。具备某种自制力可以解决某些问题，具备了所 有的自制力，就可以解决所有的问题了。
Text A Life Is Difficult
生活的艰辛之处在于，面对困难、解决困难的过程是痛苦的。根据其性质， 困难会使我们感到悲痛、伤心、孤独、内疚、悔恨、愤怒、恐惧、苦恼或者 失望。这些都是让人不舒服的感觉，非常不舒服，就如同身体上的疼痛是一 样的，有时候甚至等同于身体上最大的疼痛。实际上，正是由于痛苦的原因， 事件或者冲突给我们带来了所有的问题。生活是艰辛的，因为它给我们带来 了无尽的问题，生活不仅有快乐，也充满了痛苦。
自考英语二教材答案 00015 详细
自考英语（二）教材课后练习答案课程代码00015Unit 1 The power of languageText AChecking your comprehension1-5 BADACBuilding your vocabularySection A 1-6 consistent statement reflect invalid considerablycomparisonSection B 1-6 credible identify assumption represents evaluatedappropriateSection C 1-6 to forth into on with toBridging the gap1-10 defines action tears good express powerful internally shapes responds to personalTranslationSection A 1. take interests of different social groups into account2. Compare the recent work with the previous one3. was not consistent with his statement to the police4. was not relevant to the affair /matter that was being dealt with5. Please inform us of any change in your caseSection B成为一名灵活的读者，你需要知道怎样选择和使用阅读方式，来与你的阅读目的相一致。
懂得何时以及怎样选用不同的阅读方式会使你成为一个灵活的读者。
当读者的目的是需要很高的阅读理解能力来读懂难度很高的阅读材料时，精读是一名灵活的读者使用的阅读方法。
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II. Text Learning
Begin Again
(1)To begin again means that you won't give up.
To begin again means you're trying.
You can either start over and live your life
Or spend the rest of your life slowly dying.
It is never the falling that makes us fail.
It is never the pain or the crying.
You can never fail in life, my friend,
(2)Unless you give up trying.
---- Bob Perks
本部分重点及难点：
隐藏重难点解析
1. To begin again means that you won't give up.
mean doing sth./ mean that/ mean sth. 意味着，意思是，指的是
mean to do sth. 打算做某事，想要做某事
例如：
Loving a person doesn't mean dying for him or her.
This result doesn't mean that you haven't worked hard.
Love means mutual respect.
I didn't mean to hurt your feelings.
2. Unless you give up trying.
give up doing sth.
give up smoking / trying
注意区分：give in
give in to the enemy / money
请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！【单选题】9. The new order will mean _______ overtime as far as
we are concerned..A．workingB．to workC．to be workingD．work【答案】A【解析】本题考查mean的用法。
mean doing sth.意思是"意味着，意思是，指的是"，而mean to do
sth.意思是"打算做某事"。
本句意思是"对我们来说这一新订单意味着加班加点"，故选A。
【知识点】mean的用法
It seems lately that more and more of my friends are facing some seemingly
insurmountable challenges in their lives. A few have lost their jobs and some
have failed marriages. All too many have health issues or are battling cancer.
(3)I don't know if it is desperation that causes them to turn to me for advice
or whether they have come to value our friendship. But it is difficult, to say
the least, to offer words of hope when all they feel is hopelessness. They
expect answers, some magic waving of a wand, or a roadmap to get them back on
their feet again.
I have often struggled with what to say. Mostly because I have faced many of the
same challenges in my own life, I remember how empty I felt after someone
cheerfully offered words like, "Keep your chin up!" "Things will get better!"
"Hang in there!" "it's always darkest…," etc.
Yes, even those who were quick to quote the Bible to me found me quite
unreceptive at the time.
Now, as an inspiration writer, being thought of as a resource of hope or a good
(or bad) example of what to do in life, I have even more people contacting me.
So, what do I say?
"What can I do, Bob? I've lost my job. What do you suggest?" "Begin again."
(4) "He walked out on me. My whole world just ended. What should I do?"
"Begin again."
"Bob, I know both your son and your wife had cancer. I found out my wife does,
too. What did you tell them?"
"Begin again."
It almost sounds too simple. I imagine in the darkest hours of one's life, those
words would seem useless or uncaring. But it is indeed the answer.
All life challenges bring about an ending - and the chance for a beginning. A
job loss presents an opportunity to start over somewhere else and maybe even in
another career.
(5)A failed marriage does not mean you are through loving or being loved. It
means there are others just like you needing to be loved. Find them.
A life-threatening disease does not mean giving up. It means starting a new path
to recovery and discovering within yourself the ability to fight back and win.
And if you are a person of faith, even death does not mean it's over. It means,
"to begin again."
本部分重点及难点：
隐藏重难点解析
3. I don't know if it is desperation that causes them to turn to me for advice
or whether they have come to value our friendship.
turn to sb. for sth.
turn to sb. for comfort
turn to sb. for help / advice
4. "He walked out on me…."
He walked out on me.=He deserted / abandoned / dumped me.
5. A failed marriage does not mean you are through loving or being loved.
be through loving or being loved
be through (with) 完成；结束
例如：
When will you be through with your work?
Mary and Tom are through.
be through with sb. 与某人断绝关系
be through with drinking / smoking 不再喝酒/吸烟。