电子英语证书考试(PEC)-模拟电子技术基础词汇
电子英语证书考试(PEC)-电子学基本词汇
电子英语证书考试(PEC)-电子学基本词汇AALGORITHMS - A mathematical equation that produces in a fixed number of steps the answer the answer to a question or the solution to a problem.ALTERNA TING CURRENT - AC VOLTAGE - Either voltage or current that varies smoothly from zero to a maximum value in one direction, or polarity, and returns to zero. It then reverses its direction (polarity) and rises to a maximum value in the opposite direction, and then returns to zero to complete the cycle. This cycle is repeated continuously. The number of cycles per second is its frequency, measured in hertz (Hz). See SINE W A VE.ANALOG SIGNAL - An electrical signal that has continuously varying voltages, frequencies, or phases.AMPERE - The unit of measurement of electrical current flow, named after André Ampère, a 19th century French physicist. One ampere is the value of current that will be maintained in a circuit with an electromotive force of one volt and a resistance of one ohm. One ampere = 6.25 x 1018 electrons/second. See CURRENT.AMPLIFICA TION - The process of increasing the voltage, current, or power of an electrical or electronic signal.AMPLIFIER - An electronic circuit that draws power from a supply voltage, or voltage source, to produce, at its output, an increased reproduction of the signal existing at its input. The amplifying component could be a transistor, vacuum tube, or an appropriate magnetic device.ANALOG VOLTAGE - A gradually changing voltage. The term is interchangeable with LINEAR VOLTAGE. For example, the voltage sensed by an automobile's speedometer is the analog of the speed of the automobile.ÅNGSTROM UNIT - A unit of length that measures wavelength and is equal to 0.1 of a billionth of a meter (1x10-10 meters). It is named after Anders Ångström, a 19th century Swedish physicist. ARMA TURE - The moving part of a magnetic device consisting of one or more coils that are electrically connected to create the rotatable section of a generator. See ARMA TURE in Glossary of Switches, Keyboards, and Electromechanical Relays.BBA TTERY - An electrical device consisting of one or more cells which converts chemical or solar energy into electrical energy. A battery provides a source of steady-state DC voltage.BLOW TIME - The maximum time required for a fuse to open after being subjected to an excess of the device's rated current. Fuses are classified by blow time as slow, normal, or fast.CCELL - A single unit of a battery that generates a DC voltage by converting chemical or solarenergy into electrical energy.CIRCUIT - A single component or group of interconnected components powered by a source of voltage and configured according to specified rules. A circuit performs a specific or a predetermined general task.CIRCUIT BREAKER - An automatic, magnetic, or bimetallic device that will open a current-carrying circuit causing the circuit to become inoperative. This device is used to prevent circuit damage under a condition of excess current. Unlike a fuse that melts when its rating is exceeded, a circuit breaker can be reset automatically or manually when the circuit problem is corrected.COIL - A length of insulated wire wound around a laminated iron or steel core, a ferrite or powdered iron core, or a non-ferrous material such as ceramic aluminum, or plastic. A non-ferrous core is called an "air core"since it is non-magnetic in nature.COMPONENT - An individual part or element of an electrical or electronic circuit which performs a designated function within that circuit. It may consist of a single part, a combination of parts, or assemblies.CONDUCTOR - A metal material that allows electrical current to flow and has essentially zero resistance.CURRENT - The movement of electrons per second through a conductor or a component. It is measured in amperes and is designated by the letter, I. There are 6.25 x 1018 electrons per second in one ampere. (1018 = a billion billion)DDECAY TIME - The time it takes for a voltage to be reduced to a given percent of the peak voltage. See ELECTROSTA TIC DISCHARGE.DELAY TIME - The time it takes for a circuit breaker to open after its rated current is exceeded. See BLOW TIME.DIGITAL VOLTAGE - A discontinuous or step-function electrical pulse characterized by an instantaneous change from zero to some finite level, either in a positive or negative direction with respect to a reference.DIRECT CURRENT - DC - An electrical current or voltage with a constant direction (polarity) with respect to a fixed reference. DC can be either positive or negative.EELECTRICAL GENERA TOR - An assembly consisting of a magnet mounted on a frame, and a wire coil (armature) that can be rotated within the magnetic field. The function of the generator is to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. See TURBINE.ELECTRODES - Conductive metallic strips normally inserted into an electrolyte to provide the chemical action needed to convert chemical energy into electrical energy.ELECTROLYTE - A solution of specific chemicals in a battery which convert chemical energy into electrical energy.ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE (EMF) - The electrical force that exists across the terminals of an electrical generator, or battery. When connected to a load in a closed circuit, this force produces a voltage across the load and causes current to flow in that circuit. EMF is measured in volts and designated with the letter E (supply voltage) or V (load voltage).ELECTRON - Considered to be the smallest unit of electrical charge.ELECTROSTA TIC CHARGE - The accumulation of electrons on the surface of a nonconducting material when it is rubbed by another nonconducting material. See TRIBOELECTRIC EFFECT. ELECTROSTA TIC DISCHARGE (ESD) - A transfer of an electrostatic charge between a material with an excess of electrons and a material with a deficiency of electrons.EXPONENTIAL SYSTEM - A convenient means of notating large and small numbers using a base number and a superscript, e.g., 102.FFREQUENCY (f) - The number of cycles per second of an AC wave measured in hertz (Hz). FUNDAMENTAL FREQUENCY- The lowest frequency of a complex AC waveshape represented by a single sine wave.FUSE - A short strip of metal having extremely low resistance and functioning as a protective device in a circuit. A fuse will melt when its rated current is exceeded, thereby opening the circuit..GGROUND - The part of a circuit or system that is the reference for the voltages existing in that circuit or system. The ground consists of a material such as copper, steel, aluminum, or any other conductive material. See REFERENCE.HHARMONICS - Multiples of a single sine wave (the fundamental frequency). The even harmonics are the 2nd, 4th, 6th, etc., and the odd harmonics are the 3rd, 5th, 7th , etc. All harmonics are multiples of their fundamental frequency.HEA T SINK - A metal base or plate onto which one or more components are mounted to absorb, carry away, or radiate the heat generated by the component(s). Overheating may result in the malfunction or destruction of the part(s) generating the heat or might cause damage to other parts of the circuit.HERTZ (HZ) - The unit of measurement of the frequency of a sine wave or square wave, named after Heinrich Hertz, a 19th century German physicist. The term hertz designates the number of cycles per second exhibited by these waves.HORSEPOWER (HP) - A unit of measurement of mechanical power. It indicates the ability of a device or mechanism to do a specific amount of work over a period of time. It is equal to 550 foot-pounds per second in mechanical power or 746 watts in electrical power.LLIGHTNING ARRESTOR - A protective device that provides a very low resistance path to any voltage above its rated value. See METAL OXIDE ELEMENT.LINE VOLTAGE - The AC voltage supply that provides the prime source of electrical power for office, laboratory, factory, and home electrical and electronic equipment. Throughout North, Central, and South America, the line voltage is nominally specified as 120 volts AC, at 60 hertz. In Europe, the line voltage is nominally specified as 240 volts AC, at 50 hertz. Line voltage can be either privately or publicly generated.LOAD - A device, component, appliance, system, or machine to which an electrical force (voltage) is applied. Resistance is inherent in the structure of a load and is an integral part of an electric al or electronic circuit.MMETAL OXIDE ELEMENT - A resistive device that protects against excess voltage surges in a circuit. It is called a metal oxide varistor (MOV). Below its rated voltage, its extremely high resistance has no effect on a circuit. Above its rated voltage, it sharply changes to an extremely low value resistor. See LIGHTNING ARRESTOR.NONCONDUCTOR (INSULA TOR) - A material that has essentially infinite resistance (generally greater than 1010 ohms). It protects the circuit by isolating components and conductors from each other to prevent them from touching each other, thereby avoiding the possibility of a short circuit.OOHM - The unit of measurement of resistance symbolized by the Greek letter, omega (W). It is named after George Ohm, a 19th century German physicist. One ohm is the value of resistance through which an electromotive force of one volt will maintain a current of one ampere. See RESISTANCE.OHM'S LA W - The relationship that exists between the electrical parameters of voltage (electrical pressure), resistance (the opposition to the voltage), and current (the flow of electrons in the circuit). Ohm's Law states that the amount of current flowing in a circuit is equal to the applied voltage divided by the circuit resistance.PPERIOD - The time required to complete one cycle of AC and is calculated as the reciprocal of the frequency (1/f). It is measured in seconds and designated with the letter T.PHOTOVOLTAIC EFFECT - The generation of an electrical current in a circuit containing a photosensitive device when the device is illuminated by visible or nonvisible light.POWER - The rate at which work is done and measured in watts (W). In electrical and electronic circuits, Power (P) = Supply V oltage (E) x Supply Current (I) or Load V oltage (VL) x Load Current (IL). See WA TT.PROTECTED AREA- An area equipped with appropriate ESD protective materials and equipment. It provides a site where ESD voltage is limited below the ESD sensitivity level of the component or equipment being handled or manufactured.PULSA TING DC VOLTAGE - Rectified AC voltage, either positive or negative, with respect to a reference. Half-wave pulsating DC voltage uses only one-half of the available AC voltage. Full-wave DC voltage uses both halves of the AC voltage waveshape.RREFERENCE - An arbitrarily selected point or section of a circuit or system to which the polarities and values of the circuit voltages are referred. See GROUND.RELIABILITY- The assurance that a component will perform in a specified manner for a specified time under a set of specified conditions that include electrical, mechanical, thermal, and environmental stresses. The concept of reliability encompasses the elements of both quality and longevity. See STABILITY.RESISTANCE - The electrical characteristic of a component, material, circuit, or system which acts to limit current in a circuit. It is measured in ohms (W) and designated with the letter R. Resistance depends on the molecular structure and dimensions of a component or device and on the configuration of a circuit or system. See OHM.SSINE W A VE - A smooth, continuously moving waveshape that has no break in its appearance. It has positive and negative half-cycles that are generally symmetrical with respect to a reference. The cyclical repetition of these waves produces a waveshape that has a specified frequency in hertz (number of cycles per second) and a specified amplitude.SQUARE WA VE - A rectangular-shaped (step-function) periodic wave with a positive and negative half-cycle of equal lengths of time or duration. A square wave consists of a sine wave's fundamental frequency combined with the odd harmonics (multiples) of its fundamental frequency.STABILITY - The ability of a component, circuit, or system to maintain a fixed level of operation within specified tolerances under varying external conditions. Changing conditions include voltage, frequency, temperature, and longevity. See RELIABILITY.STEADY-STA TE DC VOLTAGE - A fixed polarity of positive or negative voltage with respect to a reference. This form of voltage is used as the power source for electronic circuits.TTEMPERA TURE COEFFICIENT (TC) - The change in the characteristic of a component which occurs because of a change in temperature. TC can be specified either as the number of parts per million (ppm) change per °C change in temperature, or as a percent change in value per °C change in temperature.TRIBOELECTRIC EFFECT - The phenomenon of transferring electrons from one nonconductivematerial to another when friction is produced between them. See ELECTROSTA TIC CHARGE. TURBINE - A mechanical structure with rotatable blades mounted onto its assembly and mechanically coupled to an electrical generator. When a turbine is placed in the path of flowing water, steam, or moving air, the movement of the water, steam, or air across the blades causes them to turn. The generator's armature rotates within a magnetic field which produces electrical energy at the terminals of the generator. See ELECTRICAL GENERA TOR.VV ARISTOR - A metal (zinc) oxide over-voltage protective device. See METAL OXIDE ELEMENT.VOLT - The unit of measurement of electromotive force necessary to produce one ampere of current in a circuit having a total resistance of one ohm. The volt is named for Alessandro V olta, an 18th century Italian physicist.VOLTAGE - The electromotive force that exists across a voltage source (supply voltage) or a load in a circuit. Its unit of measurement is a volt. See ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE. VOLTAGE ARRESTOR - A fast-acting, over-voltage protective device that can absorb or short a voltage to ground when the voltage is in excess of the device's rated value.WWA TT - The unit of measurement for electrical power, named after James Watt, an 18th century Scottish engineer. One watt of power is dissipated when a voltage of one volt is applied across a load of one ohm resulting in one ampere of current in the circuit. See POWER.WA VELENGTH - The physical distance between the beginning and the end of a cycle in a periodic wave (sine wave or square wave) as it travels through space or through a conductor. Wavelength is measured in meters (or in Ångstrom units) and is designated with the Greek letter lambda (l).。
电气英语证书考试(pec)-常用的电气专业术语
电气英语证书考试(PEC)-常用的电气专业术语induction machine 感应式电机horseshoe magnet 马蹄形磁铁magnetic field 磁场eddy current 涡流right-hand rule 右手定则left-hand rule 左手定则slip 转差率induction motor 感应电动机rotating magnetic field 旋转磁场winding 绕组stator 定子rotor 转子induced current 感生电流time-phase 时间相位exciting voltage 励磁电压solt 槽lamination 叠片laminated core 叠片铁芯short-circuiting ring 短路环squirrel cage 鼠笼rotor core 转子铁芯cast-aluminum rotor 铸铝转子bronze 青铜horsepower 马力random-wound 散绕insulation 绝缘ac motor 交流环电动机end ring 端环alloy 合金coil winding 线圈绕组form-wound 模绕performance characteristic 工作特性 frequency 频率revolutions per minute 转/分motoring 电动机驱动generating 发电per-unit value 标么值breakdown torque 极限转矩breakaway force 起步阻力overhauling 检修wind-driven generator 风动发电机revolutions per second 转/秒number of poles 极数speed-torque curve 转速力矩特性曲线 plugging 反向制动synchronous speed 同步转速percentage 百分数locked-rotor torque 锁定转子转矩 full-load torque 满载转矩prime mover 原动机inrush current 涌流magnetizing reacance 磁化电抗 line-to-neutral 线与中性点间的 staor winding 定子绕组leakage reactance 漏磁电抗no-load 空载full load 满载Polyphase 多相(的)iron-loss 铁损complex impedance 复数阻抗rotor resistance 转子电阻leakage flux 漏磁通locked-rotor 锁定转子chopper circuit 斩波电路separately excited 他励的compounded 复励dc motor 直流电动机de machine 直流电机speed regulation 速度调节shunt 并励series 串励armature circuit 电枢电路optical fiber 光纤interoffice 局间的wave guide 波导波导管bandwidth 带宽light emitting diode 发光二极管silica 硅石二氧化硅regeneration 再生, 后反馈放大coaxial 共轴的,同轴的high-performance 高性能的carrier 载波mature 成熟的Single Side Band(SSB) 单边带coupling capacitor 结合电容propagate 传导传播modulator 调制器demodulator 解调器line trap 限波器shunt 分路器Amplitude Modulation(AM 调幅Frequency Shift Keying(FSK) 移频键控 tuner 调谐器attenuate 衰减incident 入射的two-way configuration 二线制generator voltage 发电机电压dc generator 直流发电机polyphase rectifier 多相整流器boost 增压time constant 时间常数forward transfer function 正向传递函数error signal 误差信号regulator 调节器stabilizing transformer 稳定变压器time delay 延时direct axis transient time constant 直轴瞬变时间常数 transient response 瞬态响应solid state 固体buck 补偿operational calculus 算符演算gain 增益pole 极点feedback signal 反馈信号dynamic response 动态响应voltage control system 电压控制系统mismatch 失配error detector 误差检测器excitation system 励磁系统field current 励磁电流transistor 晶体管high-gain 高增益boost-buck 升压去磁feedback system 反馈系统reactive power 无功功率feedback loop 反馈回路automatic V oltage regulator(A VR)自动电压调整器 reference Voltage 基准电压magnetic amplifier 磁放大器amplidyne 微场扩流发电机self-exciting 自励的limiter 限幅器manual control 手动控制block diagram 方框图linear zone 线性区potential transformer 电压互感器stabilization network 稳定网络stabilizer 稳定器air-gap flux 气隙磁通saturation effect 饱和效应saturation curve 饱和曲线flux linkage 磁链per unit value 标么值shunt field 并励磁场magnetic circuit 磁路load-saturation curve 负载饱和曲线 air-gap line 气隙磁化线polyphase rectifier 多相整流器circuit components 电路元件circuit parameters 电路参数electrical device 电气设备electric energy 电能primary cell 原生电池energy converter 电能转换器conductor 导体heating appliance 电热器direct-current 直流time invariant 时不变的self-inductor 自感mutual-inductor 互感the dielectric 电介质storage battery 蓄电池e.m.f = electromotive force 电动势发电机generator励磁excitation励磁器excitor电压voltage电流current升压变压器step-up transformer母线bus变压器transformer空载损耗：no-load loss铁损：iron loss铜损：copper loss空载电流：no-load current有功损耗：reactive loss无功损耗：active loss输电系统power transmission system 高压侧high side输电线transmission line高压: high voltage低压：low voltage中压：middle voltage功角稳定angle stability稳定stability电压稳定voltage stability暂态稳定transient stability电厂power plant能量输送power transfer交流AC直流DC电网power system落点drop point开关站switch station调节regulation高抗high voltage shunt reactor 并列的：apposable裕度margin故障fault三相故障three phase fault分接头：tap切机generator triping高顶值high limited value静态static (state)动态dynamic (state)机端电压控制A VR电抗reactance电阻resistance功角power angle有功（功率）active power电容器：Capacitor电抗器：Reactor断路器：Breaker电动机：motor功率因数：power-factor定子：stator阻抗：impedance功角：power-angle电压等级：voltage grade有功负载: active load PLoad无功负载：reactive load档位：tap position电阻：resistor电抗：reactance电导：conductance电纳：susceptance上限:upper limit下限：lower limit正序阻抗：positive sequence impedance 负序阻抗：negative sequence impedance 零序阻抗：zero sequence impedance无功（功率）reactive power功率因数power factor无功电流reactive current 斜率slope 额定rating变比ratio参考值reference value电压互感器PT分接头tap仿真分析simulation analysis下降率droop rate传递函数transfer function框图block diagram受端receive-side同步synchronization保护断路器circuit breaker摇摆swing阻尼damping无刷直流电机：Brusless DC motor刀闸(隔离开关)：Isolator机端generator terminal变电站transformer substation永磁同步电机：Permanent-magnet Synchronism Motor异步电机：Asynchronous Motor三绕组变压器：three-column transformer ThrClnTrans双绕组变压器：double-column transformer DblClmnTrans 固定串联电容补偿fixed series capacitor compensation双回同杆并架double-circuit lines on the same tower单机无穷大系统one machine - infinity bus system励磁电流：magnetizing current补偿度degree of compensationElectromagnetic fields 电磁场失去同步loss of synchronization装机容量installed capacity无功补偿reactive power compensation故障切除时间fault clearing time极限切除时间critical clearing time强行励磁reinforced excitation并联电容器：shunt capacitor< 下降特性droop characteristics线路补偿器LDC(line drop compensation)电机学Electrical Machinery自动控制理论Automatic Control Theory电磁场Electromagnetic Field微机原理Principle of Microcomputer电工学ElectrotechnicsPrinciple of circuits 电路原理Electrical Machinery 电机学电力系统稳态分析Steady-State Analysis of Power System电力系统暂态分析Transient-State Analysis of Power System电力系统继电保护原理Principle of Electrical System's Relay Protection 电力系统元件保护原理Protection Principle of Power System 's Element电力系统内部过电压Past V oltage within Power system模拟电子技术基础Basis of Analogue Electronic Technique 数字电子技术Digital Electrical Technique电路原理实验Lab. of principle of circuits电气工程讲座Lectures on electrical power production电力电子基础Basic fundamentals of power electronics高电压工程High voltage engineering电子专题实践Topics on experimental project of electronics 电气工程概论Introduction to electrical engineering电子电机集成系统electronic machine system电力传动与控制Electrical Drive and Control电力系统继电保护Power System Relaying Protection induction machine 感应式电机horseshoe magnet 马蹄形磁铁magnetic field 磁场eddy current 涡流right-hand rule 右手定则left-hand rule 左手定则slip 转差率induction motor 感应电动机rotating magnetic field 旋转磁场winding 绕组stator 定子rotor 转子induced current 感生电流time-phase 时间相位exciting voltage 励磁电压solt 槽lamination 叠片laminated core 叠片铁芯short-circuiting ring 短路环squirrel cage 鼠笼rotor core 转子铁芯cast-aluminum rotor 铸铝转子bronze 青铜horsepower 马力random-wound 散绕insulation 绝缘ac motor 交流环电动机end ring 端环alloy 合金coil winding 线圈绕组form-wound 模绕performance characteristic 工作特性 frequency 频率revolutions per minute 转/分motoring 电动机驱动generating 发电per-unit value 标么值breakdown torque 极限转矩breakaway force 起步阻力overhauling 检修wind-driven generator 风动发电机revolutions per second 转/秒number of poles 极数speed-torque curve 转速力矩特性曲线 plugging 反向制动synchronous speed 同步转速percentage 百分数locked-rotor torque 锁定转子转矩full-load torque 满载转矩prime mover 原动机inrush current 涌流magnetizing reacance 磁化电抗line-to-neutral 线与中性点间的staor winding 定子绕组leakage reactance 漏磁电抗no-load 空载full load 满载Polyphase 多相(的)iron-loss 铁损complex impedance 复数阻抗rotor resistance 转子电阻leakage flux 漏磁通locked-rotor 锁定转子chopper circuit 斩波电路separately excited 他励的compounded 复励dc motor 直流电动机de machine 直流电机speed regulation 速度调节shunt 并励series 串励armature circuit 电枢电路optical fiber 光纤interoffice 局间的wave guide 波导波导管bandwidth 带宽light emitting diode 发光二极管 silica 硅石二氧化硅regeneration 再生, 后反馈放大 coaxial 共轴的,同轴的high-performance 高性能的carrier 载波mature 成熟的Single Side Band(SSB) 单边带coupling capacitor 结合电容propagate 传导传播modulator 调制器demodulator 解调器line trap 限波器shunt 分路器Amplitude Modulation(AM 调幅Frequency Shift Keying(FSK) 移频键控tuner 调谐器attenuate 衰减incident 入射的two-way configuration 二线制generator voltage 发电机电压dc generator 直流发电机polyphase rectifier 多相整流器boost 增压time constant 时间常数forward transfer function 正向传递函数error signal 误差信号regulator 调节器stabilizing transformer 稳定变压器time delay 延时direct axis transient time constant 直轴瞬变时间常数 transient response 瞬态响应solid state 固体buck 补偿operational calculus 算符演算gain 增益pole 极点feedback signal 反馈信号dynamic response 动态响应voltage control system 电压控制系统mismatch 失配error detector 误差检测器excitation system 励磁系统field current 励磁电流transistor 晶体管high-gain 高增益boost-buck 升压去磁feedback system 反馈系统reactive power 无功功率feedback loop 反馈回路automatic V oltage regulator(A VR)自动电压调整器 reference Voltage 基准电压magnetic amplifier 磁放大器amplidyne 微场扩流发电机self-exciting 自励的limiter 限幅器manual control 手动控制block diagram 方框图linear zone 线性区potential transformer 电压互感器 stabilization network 稳定网络stabilizer 稳定器air-gap flux 气隙磁通saturation effect 饱和效应saturation curve 饱和曲线flux linkage 磁链per unit value 标么值shunt field 并励磁场magnetic circuit 磁路load-saturation curve 负载饱和曲线 air-gap line 气隙磁化线polyphase rectifier 多相整流器circuit components 电路元件circuit parameters 电路参数electrical device 电气设备electric energy 电能primary cell 原生电池energy converter 电能转换器conductor 导体heating appliance 电热器direct-current 直流time invariant 时不变的self-inductor 自感mutual-inductor 互感the dielectric 电介质storage battery 蓄电池e.m.f = electromotive force 电动势发电机generator励磁excitation励磁器excitor电压voltage电流current升压变压器step-up transformer母线bus变压器transformer空载损耗：no-load loss铁损：iron loss铜损：copper loss空载电流：no-load current有功损耗：reactive loss无功损耗：active loss输电系统power transmission system 高压侧high side输电线transmission line高压: high voltage低压：low voltage中压：middle voltage功角稳定angle stability稳定stability电压稳定voltage stability暂态稳定transient stability电厂power plant能量输送power transfer交流AC直流DC电网power system落点drop point开关站switch station调节regulation高抗high voltage shunt reactor 并列的：apposable裕度margin故障fault三相故障three phase fault分接头：tap切机generator triping高顶值high limited value静态static (state)动态dynamic (state)机端电压控制A VR电抗reactance电阻resistance功角power angle有功（功率）active power 电容器：Capacitor电抗器：Reactor断路器：Breaker电动机：motor功率因数：power-factor定子：stator阻抗：impedance功角：power-angle电压等级：voltage grade有功负载: active load PLoad 无功负载：reactive load档位：tap position电阻：resistor电抗：reactance电导：conductance电纳：susceptance上限:upper limit下限：lower limit正序阻抗：positive sequence impedance 负序阻抗：negative sequence impedance 零序阻抗：zero sequence impedance无功（功率）reactive power功率因数power factor无功电流reactive current 斜率slope 额定rating变比ratio参考值reference value电压互感器PT分接头tap仿真分析simulation analysis下降率droop rate传递函数transfer function框图block diagram受端receive-side同步synchronization保护断路器circuit breaker摇摆swing阻尼damping无刷直流电机：Brusless DC motor刀闸(隔离开关)：Isolator机端generator terminal变电站transformer substation永磁同步电机：Permanent-magnet Synchronism Motor异步电机：Asynchronous Motor三绕组变压器：three-column transformer ThrClnTrans双绕组变压器：double-column transformer DblClmnTrans 固定串联电容补偿fixed series capacitor compensation双回同杆并架double-circuit lines on the same tower单机无穷大系统one machine - infinity bus system励磁电流：magnetizing current补偿度degree of compensationElectromagnetic fields 电磁场失去同步loss of synchronization装机容量installed capacity无功补偿reactive power compensation故障切除时间fault clearing time极限切除时间critical clearing time强行励磁reinforced excitation并联电容器：shunt capacitor< 下降特性droop characteristics线路补偿器LDC(line drop compensation)电机学Electrical Machinery自动控制理论Automatic Control Theory电磁场Electromagnetic Field微机原理Principle of Microcomputer电工学ElectrotechnicsPrinciple of circuits 电路原理Electrical Machinery 电机学电力系统稳态分析Steady-State Analysis of Power System电力系统暂态分析Transient-State Analysis of Power System电力系统继电保护原理Principle of Electrical System's Relay Protection 电力系统元件保护原理Protection Principle of Power System 's Element 电力系统内部过电压Past V oltage within Power system模拟电子技术基础Basis of Analogue Electronic Technique数字电子技术Digital Electrical Technique电路原理实验Lab. of principle of circuits电气工程讲座Lectures on electrical power production电力电子基础Basic fundamentals of power electronics高电压工程High voltage engineering电子专题实践Topics on experimental project of electronics电气工程概论Introduction to electrical engineering电子电机集成系统electronic machine system电力传动与控制Electrical Drive and Control电力系统继电保护Power System Relaying Protectioninduction machine 感应式电机horseshoe magnet 马蹄形磁铁magnetic field 磁场eddy current 涡流right-hand rule 右手定则left-hand rule 左手定则slip 转差率induction motor 感应电动机rotating magnetic field 旋转磁场 winding 绕组stator 定子rotor 转子induced current 感生电流time-phase 时间相位exciting voltage 励磁电压solt 槽lamination 叠片laminated core 叠片铁芯short-circuiting ring 短路环squirrel cage 鼠笼rotor core 转子铁芯cast-aluminum rotor 铸铝转子 bronze 青铜horsepower 马力random-wound 散绕insulation 绝缘ac motor 交流环电动机end ring 端环alloy 合金coil winding 线圈绕组form-wound 模绕performance characteristic 工作特性 frequency 频率revolutions per minute 转/分motoring 电动机驱动generating 发电per-unit value 标么值breakdown torque 极限转矩breakaway force 起步阻力overhauling 检修wind-driven generator 风动发电机revolutions per second 转/秒number of poles 极数speed-torque curve 转速力矩特性曲线 plugging 反向制动synchronous speed 同步转速percentage 百分数locked-rotor torque 锁定转子转矩full-load torque 满载转矩prime mover 原动机inrush current 涌流magnetizing reacance 磁化电抗 line-to-neutral 线与中性点间的 staor winding 定子绕组leakage reactance 漏磁电抗no-load 空载full load 满载Polyphase 多相(的)iron-loss 铁损complex impedance 复数阻抗 rotor resistance 转子电阻leakage flux 漏磁通locked-rotor 锁定转子chopper circuit 斩波电路separately excited 他励的compounded 复励dc motor 直流电动机de machine 直流电机speed regulation 速度调节shunt 并励series 串励armature circuit 电枢电路optical fiber 光纤interoffice 局间的wave guide 波导波导管bandwidth 带宽light emitting diode 发光二极管silica 硅石二氧化硅regeneration 再生, 后反馈放大coaxial 共轴的,同轴的high-performance 高性能的carrier 载波mature 成熟的Single Side Band(SSB) 单边带coupling capacitor 结合电容propagate 传导传播modulator 调制器demodulator 解调器line trap 限波器shunt 分路器Amplitude Modulation(AM 调幅Frequency Shift Keying(FSK) 移频键控 tuner 调谐器attenuate 衰减incident 入射的two-way configuration 二线制generator voltage 发电机电压dc generator 直流发电机polyphase rectifier 多相整流器boost 增压time constant 时间常数forward transfer function 正向传递函数error signal 误差信号regulator 调节器stabilizing transformer 稳定变压器time delay 延时direct axis transient time constant 直轴瞬变时间常数 transient response 瞬态响应solid state 固体buck 补偿operational calculus 算符演算gain 增益pole 极点feedback signal 反馈信号dynamic response 动态响应voltage control system 电压控制系统mismatch 失配error detector 误差检测器excitation system 励磁系统field current 励磁电流transistor 晶体管high-gain 高增益boost-buck 升压去磁feedback system 反馈系统reactive power 无功功率feedback loop 反馈回路automatic V oltage regulator(A VR)自动电压调整器 reference Voltage 基准电压magnetic amplifier 磁放大器amplidyne 微场扩流发电机self-exciting 自励的limiter 限幅器manual control 手动控制block diagram 方框图linear zone 线性区potential transformer 电压互感器stabilization network 稳定网络stabilizer 稳定器air-gap flux 气隙磁通saturation effect 饱和效应saturation curve 饱和曲线flux linkage 磁链per unit value 标么值shunt field 并励磁场magnetic circuit 磁路load-saturation curve 负载饱和曲线air-gap line 气隙磁化线polyphase rectifier 多相整流器circuit components 电路元件circuit parameters 电路参数electrical device 电气设备electric energy 电能primary cell 原生电池energy converter 电能转换器conductor 导体heating appliance 电热器direct-current 直流time invariant 时不变的self-inductor 自感mutual-inductor 互感the dielectric 电介质storage battery 蓄电池e.m.f = electromotive force 电动势。
电子英语证书考试(PEC)-集成电路术语解释
电子英语证书考试(PEC)-集成电路术语解释Acquisition Time (采集时间):与采样A/D相关，在输入端使用跟踪/保持(T/H)放大器来采集和保持(以特定的容差)模拟输入信号。
采集时间是T/H放大器被置于跟踪模式后稳定到其终值所需要的时间。
Active Filter (有源滤波器):有源滤波器采用有源器件(例如运算放大器)来产生滤波器响应。
这种技术在高速应用中具备优势，因为不需要使用电感(高频率特性差)。
ADIsimADC™ (模数转换器(ADC)设计工具):ADIsimADC工具可以帮助用户选择模数转换器(ADC)、执行评估以及排除故障。
它使用典型数据值，通过数学方式模拟所选ADC的一般行为，允许用户施加输入信号、设置编码（采样）速率以及在选定的ADC上仿真FFT。
这款工具对于检查所选ADC的SNR、SFDR、SINAD、THD、ENOB等非常有用。
注意：这款工具不能完全模拟模数转换的各方面特性，不应用来代替实际硬件测试。
下载并使用这款工具的全功能版本，可以发现其它功能。
（更多信息请参考应用笔记AN-737 pdf）Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR) :A ratio in dBc between the measured power within a channel relative to an adjacent channel.Adjacent Channel Power Ratio (ACPR) :See Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR).Aliased Imaging (混叠镜像):这是一种利用故意混叠作为高频信号的技术，通常用于直接数字频率合成器(DDS)。
Aliasing (混叠):在一个数据采样系统中，为了避免损失数据，必须以FS>2FA的速率对模拟输入进行采样(Nyquist定理)。
材料英语证书考试PEC-材料导论词汇
材料英语证书考试(PEC)-材料导论词汇AAbrasive.研磨剂｡一种硬质､耐磨材料(一般为陶瓷),用于研磨､碾碎或切割其他材料｡Absorption吸收｡一种光学现象,指光的光子能量由于电子极化或电子激发被某一种物质吸收｡Acceptor level.受主能级｡对于半导体或绝缘体,处于禁带底部的能级有可能接受价带的电子并留下空穴｡此类能级一般由杂质原子引入｡Activatioin energy (Q).激活能｡反应发生所需的能量,例如扩散激活能｡Activation polarization.活化极化｡一系列步骤中,进行最缓慢的步骤控制着电极反应速度的条件下造成的极化称为活化极化｡Addition (or chain reaction) polymerization.加聚作用(链式反应聚合)｡此过程中,两个具有不同功能的独立个体呈链状聚合在一起,形成线性聚合物大分子｡Adhesive.胶粘剂｡可以使两个物体(称为被粘物)的表面连接在一起的物质｡Age hardening. See Precipitation时效强化,见沉淀强化｡Allotropy.同素异形性｡一种物质(一般为基本固体)可能存在两种或者更多的晶体结构的现象｡Alloy.合金｡两种或多种元素组成的金属｡Alloy Steel.合金钢｡含有适当浓度合金元素(除了C和残余的Mn,Si,S和P)的铁(或铁基)合金｡这些合金元素的加入通常可以改善合金的力学性能和耐蚀性｡Alternating copolymer.交替共聚物｡两种不同单体沿分子链相间排列的共聚物｡Amorphous.无定形的｡(一种物质)具有非晶体结构｡Anelastic deformation.滞弹性变形｡具有时间依赖性的弹性(非永久性)变形｡Anion.负离子,阴离子｡负电量的,非金属离子｡Anisotropic.各向异性｡不同晶向上具有不同的性质｡Annealing.退火｡一类热处理术语,此类热处理可以改变材料组织和性能｡“退火”通常指使经过冷加工的金属发生再结晶而软化的热处理｡Annealing point (glass).退火温度(玻璃)｡使玻璃中的残余应力在约15分钟内消除的温度;此温度对应的玻璃粘度约为1012Pa·s(1013P)｡Anode.阳极｡电化电池或电偶中的发生氧化或丢失电子的电极｡Antiferromagnetism.反铁磁现象｡一些材料(如MnO)中,由于邻近的原子或离子自旋反向平行排列,导致磁矩完全消失,此种现象称为反铁磁现象｡宏观表现为固体没有净磁矩｡Artificial aging.人工时效｡为了进行析出强化,在室温以上进行的时效｡Atactic.无规则(共聚物)｡一种聚合物链结构,其侧基自由排列在链的一边或另一边｡Athermal transformation.非热转变｡一种非热激活,无扩散的反应,如马氏体转变｡通常,此类转变发生速度快(即与时间无关),反应程度由温度决定｡Atomic mass unit (amu).原子质量单位｡一种原子质量的度量标准,是C12原子质量的1/12｡Atomic number (Z).原子序数｡对于一种化学元素,其原子序数等于原子核中质子的数目｡Atomic packing factor (APF).原子填充因子｡“硬球”原子或离子占据晶胞的体积分数｡Atomic vibration.原子振动｡原子关于其在物体中正常位置振动,称为原子振动｡Atimic weight (A).原子量｡根据元素在自然存在的各同位素原子质量计算的平均值｡它可以表示为原子质量单位(以一个原子为基础)或者一摩尔原子的质量｡Atom percent (at%).原子百分比｡根据某一种元素的摩尔数(原子数)相对于合金中所有元素的摩尔数(原子数)计算得到的浓度比值｡Austenite.奥氏体｡具有面心立方晶体结构的铁或铁合金和合金钢｡Austenitizing.奥氏体化｡根据相图,在上临界温度以上,奥氏体温度区间内加热铁合金从而形成奥氏体的过程称为奥氏体化｡BBainite.贝氏体｡贝氏体是一些钢或铸铁中奥氏体化的产物,形成于珠光体和马氏体转变温度之间｡它的组织由α-铁素体和弥散的渗碳体组成｡Band gap energy(Eg).带隙能｡带隙能指在半导体和绝缘体中,价带和导带之间的能量;对于本征材料,电子不具有带隙能范围内的能量｡Bifunctional.双功能团｡双功能团指单一分子物体具有两个活性结合位置｡Block copolymer.块状共聚物｡块状共聚物指分子链上同一摩尔单元聚集成块状的线性共聚物｡Body-centered cubic (BCC).体心立方结构｡体心立方结构是一些基本金属中常见的晶体结构,它是指原子位于立方晶胞的顶点和体心上｡Bohr atomic model波尔原子模型｡波尔原子模型是一种早期的原子模型,此模型中原子围绕着原子核按固定的轨道旋转｡Bohr magneton (μB).波尔磁子｡波尔磁子是最基本的磁矩单位,为9.27×10-24A·m2｡Boltzmann’s constant (k).波尔兹曼常数｡波尔兹曼常数是一个热力学能量常数,其值为 1.38×10-23J/atom·K (8.62×10-5eV/atom·K). 见气体常数｡Bonding energy.结合能｡结合能指分离由化合键结合的两个原子所需的能量｡通常可以表示为每原子或每摩尔的结合能｡Bragg’s law.布拉格定律｡布拉格定律是指规定了一系列晶面发生衍射的条件的关系式(方程3.9)｡Branched polymer.分支聚合物｡分支聚合物指具有二次支链分子结构的聚合物,其二次支链是由一次主链扩展产生的｡Brass.黄铜,一种富含铜的铜锌合金｡Brazing.(硬)钎焊｡钎焊是一种利用熔点高于450℃(800℉)的合金钎料连接金属的技术｡Brittle fracture.脆性断裂｡脆性断裂是指断裂时裂纹快速扩展,没有发生明显的宏观变形｡Bronze.青铜｡青铜是一种富铜的铜锡合金;也存在铝､硅､和镍青铜｡Burgers vector (b).柏氏矢量｡柏氏矢量指表示位错引起的晶格变形程度和方向的矢量｡CCalcination.煅烧,焙烧,焙解｡焙解是指一高温反应,反应中一种固体材料分解为一种气体和另一种固体｡它是生产水泥的一个步骤｡Capacitance (C).电容｡电容是指电容器储存电量的能力,定义为两板上储存的电量与所加电压的比值｡Carbon-carbon composite.碳-碳复合材料｡碳-碳复合材料是一种由碳基体和嵌入其中的碳纤维组成的复合材料,其基体最初为聚合树枝,经过热解形成了碳｡Carburizing.渗碳｡渗碳是一种通过周围环境扩散导致铁合金表面碳浓度增加的工艺｡Case hardening.表面硬化｡表面硬化是指通过渗碳或渗碳对钢零件外表面进行硬化,通常用来改善零件的耐磨性和耐疲劳性｡Cast iron.铸铁｡通常,碳含量高于其在奥氏体中的最大固溶度(共晶温度时)的铁合金成为铸铁｡大多数商业铸铁的碳含量为3.0%~4.5%,硅含量为1%~3%｡Cathode.阴极｡阴极是指电化电池或电偶中发生还原反应的电极,因而此电极从外部电路吸收电子｡Cathodic protection.阴极保护｡阴极保护是一种防腐方法,此方法利用外部电源,例如电负性更大的金属或直流电源,向被保护的结构物提供电子来对其进行保护｡Cation.阳离子｡阳离子指带正电的金属离子｡Cement.水泥｡水泥(一般为陶瓷)是一种通过化学反应将颗粒聚集物结合在一起的粘性物质｡水硬性水泥和水在一起会发生水合反应｡Cementite.渗碳体｡Ceramic.陶瓷｡陶瓷是一种由金属和非金属元素组成的化合物,其原子间的结合键主要是离子键｡Ceramic-matrix composite (CMC).陶瓷基复合材料｡陶瓷基复合材料是一种基体和弥散强化相均为陶瓷材料的复合材料｡弥散相一般用来改善材料的断裂韧性｡Cermet.金属陶瓷｡金属陶瓷是一种陶瓷和金属结合的复合材料｡最常见的金属陶瓷有烧结碳化物,它由及其坚硬的陶瓷(如,WC,TiC),和塑性良好的金属(Co或Ni)结合而成｡Chain-folded model.链摺叠模型｡链摺叠模型是一种研究结晶性聚合物的模型,它描述了片状微晶的组织结构｡在微晶面上分子通过链摺叠方式进行排列｡Charpy test.夏比试验(单梁冲击试验)｡夏比试验是两种测量标准冲击试样的冲击能或冲击韧性的测试方法之一(另一个为埃左试验)｡此试验通过受力的摆向标准试样施加冲击作用｡Cis.顺式｡顺式表示了聚合物的一类分子结构｡对于一摩尔单元中不饱和的碳链原子,侧边原子或侧群可能位于链的一侧或直接位于旋转180º的反向位置｡顺式结构中相同摩尔数的两个侧群位于同一侧(如顺式异戊二烯)｡Coarse pearlite.粗晶粒珠光体｡粗晶粒珠光体是指相互交替的铁素体和渗碳体层比较厚的珠光体｡Coervivity (or coercive .eld, H c).矫顽力｡矫顽力是指磁化的铁磁材料或铁氧磁材料的磁感应强度降至零所需的磁场强度｡Cold working.冷加工｡冷加工是指使金属在低于再结晶温度下发生塑性变形的工艺｡Color.彩色｡彩色是指由射入眼睛的光的各种波长刺激产生的视觉感｡Colorant.着色剂｡着色剂是一种使颜料附着在聚合物上的添加剂｡Component.成分｡成分是指合金的化学组分(元素或化合物),它通常说明了合金的元素组成｡Composition (C i).成分｡合金中特定元素或组元的相对含量,通常用重量百分比或原子百分比来表示｡Concentration.浓度｡同上｡Concentration gradient (dC/dx).浓度梯度｡浓度梯度是指具体位置上浓度分布的斜率｡Concentration polarization.浓度极化｡浓度极化是指电化学反应速率受到溶体中扩散速率限制的情况｡Concentration proile.浓度分布曲线.｡浓度分布曲线是指根据化学物的浓度对应其在材料中的位置描绘的曲线｡Concrete.混凝土｡混凝土是一种由聚集在一起的颗粒和水泥结合在一起的复合材料｡Condensation (or step reaction) polymerization.缩聚合作用(逐步反应聚合作用)｡缩聚合作用是指通过分子间反应形成聚合物分子,此反应中包含至少两类分子,通常生成小分子量的副产物,例如水｡Conduction band.导带｡对于绝缘体和半导体,最底部的电子能带在0K时没有电子｡导电载流子是指那些导带中处于激发态的电子｡Conductivity, electrical (ρ).导电系数｡导电系数是指电流强度和所施加的电场之间的比例常数,也是一种导电材料导电能力的度量｡Congruent transformation.等成分变化｡等成分变化是指一相转变为成分相同的另一相｡Continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagram.连续冷却转变图｡连续冷却转变图是指确定成分的钢合金的温度随时间的对数变化的图｡此图通常用来说明初始为奥氏体化材料以一定的速率连续冷却过程中何时发生转变,此外,此图可用来预测最终的组织和力学性能｡Coordination number.配位数｡配位数是指原子(或离子)最近邻的原子(或离子)数｡Copolymer.共聚物｡共聚物是指含有两个或两个以上不同摩尔数的单体沿着分子链结合在一起的聚合物｡Corrosion.腐蚀｡腐蚀是指金属由于环境的溶解反应而变质｡Corrosion fatigue.腐蚀疲劳｡腐蚀疲劳是一种由于循环应力和化学侵蚀共同作用导致的疲劳｡Corrosion penetration rate (CPR).腐蚀速率｡腐蚀速率是指材料受腐蚀后,单位时间内厚度的损失,通常表示为“毫米/年”｡Coulombic force.库仑力｡库仑力指带电粒子(例如离子)之间的力,当粒子电性相反时相互吸引｡Covalent bond.共价键｡共价键是一种主要的原子间的结合键,它由于相邻原子间共用电子而产生｡Creep.蠕变｡蠕变是指应力下材料发生的依赖于时间的永久变形｡对于大部分材料来说,蠕变指由在高温下才十分重要｡Crevice corrosion.隙间腐蚀｡隙间腐蚀是指发生在狭窄缝隙中和污垢或腐蚀产物(即溶体中局部贫氧的区域)沉积层下的一类腐蚀｡Critical resolved shear stress (σcrss).临界分剪切应力｡临界剪切应力是指剪切应力在滑移面和滑移方向上的分应力,用来使滑移开动｡Crosslinked polymer.交联聚合物｡交联聚合物是指相邻的线性分子链在各种位置通过共价键结合在一起的聚合物｡Crystalline.晶态｡晶态是指固体材料的原子,离子或分子作周期性重复三维排列的状态｡Crystallinity.结晶度｡结晶度是指对于聚合物通过分子链排列达到一个原子作周期性重复排列的状态｡Crystallite.微晶｡微晶是指结晶聚合物中分子链有序排列的区域｡Crystal structure.晶体结构｡晶体结构是指晶体材料中原子或离子空间排列的方式｡它是根据单胞几何和单胞中原子所在位置来定义的｡Crystal system.晶系｡晶系是指晶体结构根据单胞几何进行的分类系统｡单胞几何是根据棱长和轴间角度之间的关系确定的,共有7个晶系｡Curie temperature (T c).居里温度｡居里温度是指铁磁或铁氧次材料变为顺磁性的最低临界温度｡DDefect structure.缺陷结构｡缺陷结构是指陶瓷化合物中和空位及间隙原子的种类､浓度相关的组织｡Degradation.退化｡退化表示了高分子材料中发生的恶化过程｡这些过程包括隆起､溶解和链裂变｡Degree of polymerization.聚合度｡聚合度是指每个聚合物分子中平均的单体摩尔数｡Design stress (σd).设计应力｡设计应力是指根据计算得到的应力水平(根据估计的最大载荷计算)和设计因子(其值大于1)得到的应力结果｡通常用来防止发生意料之外的断裂｡Devitrication.玻璃析晶｡玻璃析晶是指玻璃(非晶或玻璃质固体)转变为晶体的过程｡Diamagnetism.逆磁性｡逆磁性是一种感应磁性或非永久磁性微弱的形式,此时磁化率为负值｡Dielectric.电介质｡电介质是一种电绝缘的材料｡Dielectric constant (εr).介电常数｡介电常数是指介质的电容率与真空度的比值,一般称为相对介电常数或相对电容率｡Dielectric displacement (D).电位移｡电位移是指电容板单位面积上的电量｡Dielectric (breakdown)strength.介电(击穿)强度｡介电强度是指大强度电流通过介电材料所需的电场强度｡Diffraction (x-ray).(x射线)衍射｡x射线衍射是指由于晶体中原子对x射线速的散射而发生的相长干涉｡Diffusion.扩散｡扩散是指原子迁移发生的质量传输｡Diffusion coefficient (D).扩散系数｡扩散系数是指菲克第一定律中扩散通量和浓度梯度之间的比例常数,其值表示了原子的扩散速率｡Diffusion flux (J).扩散通量｡扩散通量表示了单位时间扩散通过材料单位横截面积的物质的量｡Diode.二极管｡二极管是一种整流设备,即只允许电流沿一个方向运动｡Dipole (electric).(电)偶极子｡电偶极子是指分开一定距离的一对等量异号点电荷｡Dislocation.位错｡位错是一类晶体中的线缺陷,其周围的原子发生错排｡塑性变形是由于在剪切应力下发生位错运动的结果｡位错包括刃型位错､螺位错和混合位错｡Dislocation density.位错密度｡位错密度可以表示为材料中单位体积中总的位错长度,也可以是通过自由截面内单位面积的位错数｡Dislocation line.位错线｡刃型位错的位错线是指多余半原子面与未滑移区域相交的线,螺型位错的位错线是指螺旋的中心线｡Dispersed phase.弥散相｡弥散相是指复合材料或两相合金中被基体相包围的不连续相｡Dispersion strengthening.弥散强化｡弥散强化是一种材料的强化方法,它通过将十分细小(通常小于0.1µm)的硬质､惰性颗粒弥散分布在承受载荷的基体相中来进行材料强化｡Domain.(磁)畴｡磁畴是指铁磁或铁氧磁材料中所有原子或离子的磁矩沿一个方向排列的区域｡Donor level.施主能级｡施主能级是指半导体或绝缘体中位于禁带顶部的能级,此能级的电子可以被激发至导带,它一般会被引入杂质原子｡Doping.掺杂｡掺杂是指通过控制施主或受主杂质来对半导体材料进行有目的性的合金化｡Drawing (metals).拉拔(金属)｡拉拔是一种制备金属线材或管材的成形工艺｡拉拔通过在出料一侧施加拉力将材料从模具中拉出而发生变形｡Drawing (polymers).牵伸(聚合物)｡牵伸是一种通过拉伸聚合物纤维来对其进行强化的工艺｡Driving force.驱动力｡驱动力是指反应(扩散､晶粒长大或相变)进行的推动力｡这些反应通常伴随着某种能量(如自由能)的降低｡Ductile fracture.韧性断裂｡韧性断裂是一种伴随有大量塑性变形的断裂模式｡Ductile iron.延性铁｡延性铁是指通过硅和低浓度的锰或铈进行合金化的铸铁,其中自由石墨以粒状形式存在,故有时延性铁也被称为球墨铸铁｡Ductile-to-brittle transition.延性-脆性转变｡延性-脆性转变是指面心立方合金随着温度的降低由延性向脆性的转变｡可通过夏比测试和埃左测试确定转变发生的温度范围｡Ductility.延展性｡延展性是材料在发生断裂之前承受塑性变形的能力的度量,可以通过拉伸测试获得的延伸率(%EL)或断面收缩率(%RA)来表示｡EEdge dislocation.刃型位错｡刃型位错是一种线性的晶体缺陷,同时在半原子面周围会产生晶格的畸变｡柏氏矢量垂直于位错线｡Elastic deformation.弹性变形｡弹性变形是非永久性变形,即应力释放后会完全回复｡Elastic recovery.弹性回复｡弹性回复是指卸载后非永久性变形发生回复到未变形的状态｡Elastomer.高弹性聚合物｡高弹性聚合物是产生大且可逆的弹性变形的聚合物｡Electrical conductivity.导电性｡见Conductivity (electrical).Electric dipole.电偶极子｡见Dipole (electric).Electric field (E).电场｡电场指电压梯度｡Electroluminescence.电致发光｡电致发光是指向p-n施加正向偏压进而发出可见光的现象｡Electrolyte.电解液｡电解液是一种溶液,在这种溶液中离子的运动可以承载电流｡Electromotive force (emf) series.电动势系｡电动势系是一种根据金属元素的标准电动势进行的分类｡Electron configuration.电子组态｡电子组态是指一个原子,可能存在的电子排布方式｡Electronegative.电负性｡电负性是指一个原子接收价电子的能力,也可用于描述非金属元素｡Electron energy band.电子能带｡电子能带是指一系列电子能态,他们根据能量而紧密的分布｡Electroneutrality.电中性｡电中性表示了一种正电量与负电量(离子或电子)相同的状态｡Electron state (level).电子态｡电子态是指电子可以具有的不连续且量子化的能量,原子的每一个电子态都是由4个量子数确定｡Electron volt (eV).电子伏特｡电子伏特是一种方便表示原子和亚原子能量的单位｡它相当于电子通过1伏特电势所需的能量｡Electropositive.正电性｡正电性是指一个原子失去电子的趋势,它可用来描述金属元素｡Endurance limit.疲劳极限｡见Fatigue limit.Energy band gap.禁带｡见Band gap energy.Engineering strain.工程应变｡见Strain (engineering).Engineering stress.工程应力｡Stress (engineering).Equilibrium (phase).平衡(相)｡平衡是指相的特征在一个不确定的时间内保持恒定的状态｡平衡态时体系自由能最低｡Erosion-corrosion.冲蚀腐蚀｡冲蚀腐蚀是一种结合了化学侵蚀和机械磨损的腐蚀形式｡Eutectic phase.共晶相｡共晶相是指共晶组织中的一相｡Eutectic reaction.共晶反应｡共晶反应是一种冷却过程中,液相等温转变为两种紧密混合的固相的可逆反应｡Eutectic structure.共晶组织｡共晶组织是指共晶成分的液相凝固产生的两相组织,两个共晶相呈层片状交替存在｡Eutectoid reaction.共析反应｡共析反应是一种冷却过程中,一固相等温转变为两种紧密混合的新固相的可逆反应｡Excited state.激发态｡激发态是一种通常不被电子占据的电子能态,当电子吸收一些能量(例如热能､辐射能)后会(从低能态)跃迁到激发态｡Extrinsic semiconductor.含杂质半导体｡含杂质半导体是指由杂质确定电子性能的半导体材料｡Extrusion.挤压｡挤压是一种向坯料上施加压力使之通过模具内孔的成形方法｡FFace-centered cubic (FCC).面心立方｡面心立方是一种金属中常见的晶体结构,此类单胞内,原子位于各个顶点和各面的中心｡Fatigue.疲劳｡疲劳是指在较低的应力情况下,材料受到了波动的循环应力而断裂｡Fatigue life (N f).疲劳寿命｡疲劳寿命是指在某一特定的应力幅度下,导致材料断裂总的应力循环次数｡Fatigue limit.疲劳极限｡疲劳极限是指材料承受无数次应力循环而不发生疲劳的最大应力幅度｡Fatigue strength.疲劳强度｡疲劳强度是指应力循环次数确定的情况下,材料不发生断裂而能承受的最大应力｡Fermi energy (E f).费米能｡费米能是指一金属在0K时,最高填充的电子态所对应的能量｡Ferrimagnetism.亚铁磁体｡亚铁磁体是指一些陶瓷材料具有的永久的,很高的磁化强度｡亚铁磁体是由于电子反自旋和磁矩的不完全抵消产生的｡Ferrite (ceramic).铁素体(陶瓷)｡铁素体(陶瓷)是陶瓷氧化物,它是由二价和三价的正离子(如Fe2+和Fe3+)组成的｡有一些铁素体陶瓷史亚铁磁体｡Ferrite (iron).铁素体(铸铁)｡铁素体(铸铁)是体心立方结构的铸铁,同时也包括具有体心立方结构的铸铁合金和钢合金｡Ferroelectric.铁电性｡铁电性是指电介质材料在没有电场的情况下可能发生极化的性质｡Ferromagnetism.铁磁性｡铁磁性是指一些材料(如Fe, Ni和Co)由于相邻磁矩的平行排列而具有的永久的高磁性,Ferrous alloy.铁合金｡铁合金是一种铁为主要元素的金属合金｡Fiber.纤维｡纤维是指任何被拉成细长丝状的聚合物､金属或陶瓷｡Fiber-reinforced composite.纤维增强复合材料｡纤维增强复合材料是指弥散强化相呈纤维状(即具有极大的长径比的丝状)的复合材料｡Fiber reinforcement.纤维增强｡纤维增强是指将强度较高的纤维相嵌入强度较低的基体相来进行强化｡Fick’s first law.菲克第一定律｡菲克第一定律是指扩散通量和浓度梯度成比例｡此定律适用于稳态扩散｡Fick’s second law.菲克第二定律｡菲克第二定律是指浓度随时间的变化率和浓度的二阶导数成比例｡此定律适用于非稳态扩散｡Filler.填充物｡填充物是一种惰性物质,以其为添加物可改善聚合物的性能｡Fine pearlite.细片状珠光体｡细片状珠光体是指交替存在的铁素体和渗碳体层片很细的珠光体｡Firing.烧火｡烧火是一种用来增加陶瓷片密度和强度的高温热处理工艺｡Flame retardant.耐燃剂｡耐燃剂是一种提高耐燃能力的高分子添加剂｡Flexural strength (σfs).抗弯强度｡抗弯强度是指弯曲试验中材料断裂时的应力｡Fluorescence.荧光｡荧光是指电子激发时时间不到1秒的发光｡Foam.泡沫塑料｡泡沫塑料是一种通过加入气泡制成的多孔(或海绵状)的聚合物, Forging.锻造｡锻造是一种对金属进行加热和锤打的机械成形工艺｡Forward bias.正向偏压｡正向偏压是指向p-n整流器施加的偏压,使电子流向n端｡Fracture mechanics.断裂力学｡断裂力学是一种断裂分析方法,它可以用来确定已知尺寸的原有裂纹传播并导致断裂的应力水平｡Fracture toughness (K c) .断裂韧性｡断裂韧性是指裂纹扩展所需的临界应力强度因子｡Free electron.自由电子｡自由电子是指被激发跃迁到费米能以上(对于半导体和绝缘体是跃迁入导带)并可能参加导电过程的电子｡Free energy.自由能｡自由能是一个热力学参量,它是体系内能和熵(或自由度)的函数｡平衡态时,自由能最低｡Frenkel defect.弗兰克尔缺陷｡弗兰克尔缺陷是指离子固体中的阳离子-空位对和阳离子-间隙原子对｡Full annealing.完全退火｡完全退火是指铁合金缓慢冷却至室温过程中的奥氏体化｡GGalvanic corrosion.电化腐蚀｡电化腐蚀是指两种形成电偶得金属接触到电解液,化学性质比较活泼的金属失去电子被氧化而引起的腐蚀｡Galvanic series.电动势序｡电动势序是关于金属和合金在海水中的电化学活性的排序｡Gas constant (R).气体常数｡气体常数是指每摩尔原子的玻尔兹曼常数｡R=8.31J/(mol·k)(1.987cal/(mol·k))｡Gibbs phase rule.吉布斯相律｡吉布斯相律是一个方程,它在平衡体系中表示了相数和外界控制变量的关系｡Glass-ceramic.玻璃陶瓷｡玻璃陶瓷是一种细晶陶瓷,它通过首先形成玻璃,然后析晶(晶化)来形成｡Glass transition temperature (T g).玻璃转变温度｡玻璃转变温度是指在冷却过程中,非晶陶瓷或聚合物从过冷液体向刚性玻璃转变的临界温度｡Graft copolymer.接枝共聚物｡接枝共聚物是指一种基体类型的同聚物侧枝嫁接到另一种基体类新的同聚物主链上形成的共聚物｡Grain.晶粒｡晶粒是指多晶金属或陶瓷中的一个独立晶体｡Grain boundary.晶界｡晶界是指分离两个具有不同晶向取向的晶粒的界面｡Grain growth.晶粒长大｡晶粒长大是指多晶材料平均晶粒尺寸的增大｡对于大多数材料晶粒长大需要高温热处理｡Grain size.晶粒尺寸｡晶粒尺寸是通过自由横截面法确定的平均晶粒直径｡。
电子英语证书考试(PEC) 电子专业名词缩写
电子英语证书考试(PEC)-电子专业名词缩写Analog 模拟A/D Analog to Digital 模-数转换AAC Advanced Audio Coding 高级音频编码ABB Automatic Black Balance 自动黑平衡ABC American Broadcasting Company 美国广播公司Automatic Bass Compensation 自动低音补偿Automatic Brightness Control 自动亮度控制ABL Automatic Black Level 自动黑电平ABLC Automatic Brightness Limiter Circuit 自动亮度限制电路ABU Asian Broadcasting Union 亚洲广播联盟(亚广联ABS American Bureau of Standard 美国标准局AC Access Conditions 接入条件Audio Center 音频中心ACA Adjacent Channel Attenuation 邻频道衰减ACC Automatic Centering Control 自动中心控制Automatic Chroma Control 自动色度(增益控制ACK Automatic Chroma Killer 自动消色器ACP Additive Colour Process 加色法ACS Access Control System 接入控制系统Advanced Communication Service 高级通信业务Area Communication System 区域通信系统ADC Analog to Digital Converter 模-数转换器Automatic Degaussirng Circuit 自动消磁电路ADL Acoustic Delay Line 声延迟线ADS Audio Distribution System 音频分配系统AE Audio Erasing 音频（声音擦除AEF Automatic Editing Function 自动编辑功能AES Audio Engineering Society 音频工程协会AF Audio Frequency 音频AFA Audio Frequency Amplifier 音频放大器AFC Automatic Frequency Coder 音频编码器Automatic Frequency Control 自动频率控制AFT Automatic Fine Tuning 自动微调Automatic Frequency Track 自动频率跟踪Automatic Frequency Trim 自动额率微调AGC Automatic Gain Control 自动增益控制AI Artificial Intelligence 人工智能ALM Audio-Level Meter 音频电平表AM Amplitude Modulation 调幅AMS Automatic Music Sensor 自动音乐传感装置ANC Automatic Noise Canceller 自动噪声消除器ANT ANTenna 天线AO Analog Output 模拟输出APS Automatic Program Search 自动节目搜索APPS Automatic Program Pause System 自动节目暂停系统APSS Automatic Program Search System 自动节目搜索系统AR Audio Response 音频响应ARC Automatic Remote Control 自动遥控ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange 美国信息交换标准AST Automatic Scanning Tracking 自动扫描跟踪ATC Automatic Timing Control 自动定时控制Automatic Tone Correction 自动音频校正ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode 异步传输模式ATF Automatic Track Finding 自动寻迹ATS Automatic Test System 自动测试系统ATSC Advanced Television Systems Committee （美国高级电视制式委员会AVC Automatic Volume Control 自动音量控制AVR Automatic Voltage Regulator 自动稳压器AWB Automatic White Balance 自动白平衡AZC Automatic Zooming Control 自动变焦控制AZS Automatic Zero Setting 自动调零BA Branch Amplifier 分支放大器Buffer Amplifier 缓冲放大器BAC Binary-Analog Conversion 二进制模拟转换BB Black Burst 黑场信号BBC British Broadcasting Corporation 英国广播公司BBI Beijing Broadcasting Institute 北京广播学院BC Binary Code 二进制码Balanced Current 平衡电流Broadcast Control 广播控制BCT Bandwidth Compression Technique 带宽压缩技术BDB Bi-directional Data Bus 双向数据总线BER Basic Encoding Rules 基本编码规则Bit Error Rate 比特误码率BF Burst Flag 色同步旗脉冲BFA Bare Fiber Adapter 裸光纤适配器Brillouin Fiber Amplifier 布里渊光纤放大器BGM Background Music 背景音乐BIOS Basic Input／Output System 基本输入输出系统B-ISDN Broadband-ISDN 宽带综合业务数据网BIU Basic Information Unit 基本信息单元Bus Interface Unit 总线接口单元BM Bi-phase Modulation 双相调制BML Business Management Layer 商务管理层BN Backbone Network 主干网BNT Broadband Network Termination 宽带网络终端设备BO Bus Out 总线输出BPG Basic Pulse Generator 基准脉冲发生器BPS Band Pitch Shift 分频段变调节器BSI British Standard Institute 英国标准学会BSS Broadcast Satellite Service 广播卫星业务BT Block Terminal 分线盒、分组终端British Telecom 英国电信BTA Broadband Terminal Adapter 宽带终端适配器Broadcasting Technology Association (***广播技术协会BTL Balanced Transformer-Less 桥式推挽放大电路BTS Broadcast Technical Standard 广播技术标准BTU Basic Transmission Unit 基本传输单元BVU Broadcasting Video Unit 广播视频型(一种3/4英寸带录像机记录格式BW BandWidth 带宽BWTV Black and White Television 黑白电视CA Conditional Access 条件接收CAC Conditional Access Control 条件接收控制CAL Continuity Accept Limit 连续性接受极限CAS Conditional Access System 条件接收系统Conditional Access Sub-system 条件接收子系统CATV Cable Television 有线电视，电缆电视Community Antenna Television 共用天线电视CAV Constant Angular Velocity 恒角速度CBC Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 加拿大广播公司CBS Columbia Broadcasting System （美国哥伦比亚广播公司CC Concentric Cable 同轴电缆CCG Chinese Character Generator 中文字幕发生器CCIR International Radio Consultative Committee 国际无线电咨询委员会CCITT International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee国际电话电报咨询委员会CCR Central Control Room 中心控制室CCTV China Central Television 中国中央电视台Close-Circuit Television 闭路电视CCS Center Central System 中心控制系统CCU Camera Control Unit 摄像机控制器CCW Counter Clock-Wise 反时针方向CD Compact Disc 激光唱片CDA Current Dumping Amplifier 电流放大器CD-E Compact Disc Erasable 可抹式激光唱片CDFM Compact Disc File Manager 光盘文件管理(程序CDPG Compact-Disc Plus Graphic 带有静止图像的CD唱盘CD-ROM Compact Disc-Read Only Memory 只读式紧凑光盘CETV China Educational Television 中国教育电视台CF Color Framing 彩色成帧CGA Color Graphics Adapter 彩色图形(显示卡CI Common Interface 通用接口CIE Chinese Institute of Electronics 中国电子学会CII China Information Infrastructure 中国信息基础设施CIF Common Intermediate Format 通用中间格式CIS Chinese Industrial Standard 中国工业标准CLV Constant Linear Velocity 恒定线速度CM Colour Monitor 彩色监视器CMTS Cable Modem Termination System 线缆调制解调器终端系统CNR Carrier-to-Noise Ratio 载噪比CON Console 操纵台Controller 控制器CPB Corporation of Public Broadcasting （美国公共广播公司CPU Central Processing Unit 中央处理单元CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check 循环冗余校验CRCC CRI Cyclic Redundancy Check Code 循环冗余校验码CROM China Radio International 中国国际广播电台CRT Control Read Only Memory 控制只读存储器CS Cathode-Ray Tube 阴极射线管CSC Communication Satellite 通信卫星CSS Color Sub-carrier 彩色副载波Center Storage Server 中央存储服务器Content Scrambling System 内容加扰系统CSU Channel Service Unit 信道业务单元CT Color Temperature 色温CTC Cassette Tape Controller 盒式磁带控制器Channel Traffic Control 通道通信量控制Counter Timer Circuit 计数器定时器电路Counter Timer Control 计数器定时器控制CTE Cable Termination Equipment 线缆终端设备Customer Terminal Equipment 用户终端设备CTV Color Television 彩色电视CVD China Video Disc 中国数字视盘CW Carrie Wave 载波DAB Digital Audio Broadcasting 数字音频广播DASH Digital Audio Stationary Head 数字音频静止磁头DAT Digital Audio Tape 数字音频磁带DBMS Data Base Management System 数据库管理系统DBS Direct Broadcast Satellite 直播卫星DCC Digital Compact Cassette 数字小型盒带Dynamic Contrast Control 动态对比度控制DCT Digital Component Technology 数字分量技术Discrete Cosine Transform 离散余弦变换DCTV Digital Color Television 数字彩色电视DD Direct Drive 直接驱动DDC Direct Digital Control 直接数字控制DDE Dynamic Data Exchange 动态数据交换DDM Data Display Monitor 数据显示监视器DES Data Elementary Stream 数据基本码流Data Encryption Standard (美国数据加密标准DF Dispersion Flattened 色散平坦（光纤DG Differential Gain 微分增益DI Digital Interface 数字接口DITEC Digital Television Camera 数字电视摄像机DL Delay Line 延时线DLD Dynamic Linear Drive 动态线性驱动DM Delta Modulation 增量调制Digital Modulation 数字调制DMB Digital Multimedia Broadcasting 数字多媒体广播DMC Dynamic Motion Control 动态控制DME Digital Multiple Effect 数字多功能特技DMS Digital Mastering System 数字主系统DN Data Network 数据网络DNG Digital News Gathering 数字新闻采集DNR Digital Noise Reducer 数字式降噪器DOB Data Output Bus 数据输出总线DOCSIS Data Over Cable Service Interface Specifications 有线数据传输业务接口规范DOC Drop Out Compensation 失落补偿DOS Disc Operating System 磁盘操作系统DP Differential Phase 微分相位Data Pulse 数据脉冲DPCM Differential Pulse Code Modulation 差值脉冲编码调制DPL Dolby Pro Logic 杜比定向逻辑DSB Digital Satellite Broadcasting 数字卫星广播DSC Digital Studio Control 数字演播室控制DSD Dolby Surround Digital 杜比数字环绕声DSE Digital Special Effect 数字特技DSK Down-Stream Key 下游键DSP Digital Signal Processing 数字信号处理Digital Sound Processor 数字声音处理器DSS Digital Satellite System 数字卫星系统DT Digital Technique 数字技术Digital Television 数字电视Data Terminal 数据终端Data Transmission 数据传输DTB Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting 数字地面广播DTBC Digital Time-Base Corrector 数字时基校正器DTC Digital Television Camera 数字电视摄像机DTS Digital Theater System 数字影院系统Digital Tuning System 数字调谐系统Digital Television Standard 数字电视标准DVB Digital Video Broadcasting 数字视频广播DVC Digital Video Compression 数字视频压缩DVE Digital Video Effect 数字视频特技DVS Desktop Video Studio 桌上视频演播(系统DVTR Digital Video Tape Recorder 数字磁带录像机EA Extension Amplifier 延长放大器EB Electron Beam 电子束EBS Emergency Broadcasting System 紧急广播系统EBU European Broadcasting Union 欧洲广播联盟EC Error Correction 误差校正ECN Emergency Communications Network 应急通信网络ECS European Communication Satellite 欧洲通信卫星EDC Error Detection Code 错误检测码EDE Electronic Data Exchange 电子数据交换EDF Erbium-Doped Fiber 掺饵光纤EDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier 掺饵光纤放大器EDL Edit Decision List 编辑点清单EDTV Extended Definition Television 扩展清晰度电视EE Error Excepted 允许误差EFM Eight to Fourteen Modulation 8-14调制EFP Electronic Field Production 电子现场节目制作EH Ethernet Hosts 以太网主机EIN Equivalent Input Noise 等效输入噪声EIS Electronic Information System 电子信息系统EISA Extended Industrial Standard Architecture 扩展工业标准总线EL Electro-Luminescent 场致发光EM Error Monitoring 误码监测EN End Node 末端节点ENG Electronic News Gathering 电子新闻采集EOT End of Tape 带尾EP Edit Point 编辑点Error Protocol 错误协议EPG Electronic Program Guides 电子节目指南EPS Emergency Power Supply 应急电源ERP Effective Radiated Power 有效辐射功率ES Elementary Stream 基本码流End System 终端系统ESA European Space Agency 欧洲空间局ETV Education Television 教育电视FA Enhanced Television 增强电视FABM FAS Facial Animation 面部动画FC Fiber Amplifier Booster Module 光纤放大器增强模块Fiber Access System 光纤接入系统Frequency Changer 变频器FCC Fiber Channel 光纤通道FD Film Composer 电影编辑系统Federal Communications Commission （美国联邦通信委员会FDCT Frequency Divider 分频器FDDI FDM Fiber Duct 光纤管道FDP Forward Discrete Cosine Transform 离散余弦正变换FE Fiber Distributed Data Interface 分布式光纤数据接口Frequency-Division Multiplexing 频分复用FF Fiber Distribution Point 光纤分配点FG Front End 前端FH Framing Error 成帧误差FIT Fast Forward 快进FN Frequency Generator 频率发生器FOA Frequency Hopping 跳频FOC Frame-Interline Transfer 帧一行间转移Fiber Node 光纤节点Fiber Optic Amplifier 光纤放大器FOM Fiber Optic Cable 光缆FON Fiber Optic Communications 光纤通信FOS Fiber Optic Coupler 光纤耦合器FOTC Fiber Optic Modem 光纤调制解调器FS Fiber Optic Net 光纤网Factor of Safety 安全系数Fiber Optic Trunk Cable 光缆干线FT Frame Scan 帧扫描FTP Frame Store 帧存储器FTTB Frame Synchro 帧同步机FTTC France Telecom 法国电信FTTH FTTN File Transfer Protocol 文件传输协议FTTO Fiber-To-The-Building 光纤到楼GA Fiber-To-The-Curb 光纤到路边GB Fiber-To-The-Home 光纤到家GFC Fiber-To-The-Node 光纤到节点GMT Fiber-To-The-Office 光纤到办公室GND General Average 总平均值GPC Gain Bandwidth 增益带宽GPIB Generic Flow Control 一般流量控制GPS Greenwich Mean Time 格林威治标准时间Ground 接地GSM General Purpose Computer 通用接口GVFS General Purpose Interface Bus 通用接口总线HA Global Positioning Satellite 全球定位卫星HB Global Positioning System 全球定位系统HC Global System for Mobile Communication 全球移动通信系统HCT General Video File Server 通用视频文件服务器HD Head Amplifier 前置放大器Head Bus 前端总线HDM Hierarchical Coding 分层编码HDTV Home Communication Terminal 家庭通信终端HDVS High Definition 高清晰度HF Horizontal Drive 水平驱动（脉冲HFC High Density Modulation 高密度调制HFCT High Definition Television 高清晰度电视HIS High Definition Video System 高清晰度视频系统Hi-Fi High Frequency 高频HPA Hybrid Fiber Coaxial 光纤同轴电缆混合网HPF HQAD Hybrid Fiber Concentric Twisted Pair Wire 混合光纤同轴双绞线HS Home Information System 家庭信息系统HSC High-Fidelity 高保真(度High Power Amplifier 大功率放大器HSDB High-Pass Filter 高通滤波器HT High Quality Audio Disc 高品位音频光盘HTT HTTP Horizon Scanner 水平扫描HTU High Speed Camera System 高速摄像机系统IA High Speed Channel 高速信道IB High Speed Data Broadcast 高速数据广播High Tension 高压Home Television Theatre 家庭电视影院IBC Hyper Text Transmission Protocol 超文本传输协议Home Terminal Unit 家庭终端单元Information Access 信息存取IBG International Broadcasting 国际广播IC Interface Bus 接口总线IDCT Internal Bus 内部总线IF Integrated Broadband Communication 综合宽带通信IM International Broadcasting Center 国际广播中心IMTV International Broadcasting Convention (欧洲国际广播会议IN Inter Block Gap 字组间隔INFO INS Integrated Circuit 集成电路IOCS Inverse Discrete Cosine Transform 离散余弦逆变换IOD Intermediate Frequency 中频IP Interface Module 接口模块Interactive Multimedia Television 交互式多媒体电视IPC Integrated Network 综合网IPD Integrated Network Using Fiber Optics 光纤综合网IPTC Information Network System 信息网络系统IRD Input-Output Control System 输入/输出控制系统IS Information On Demand 点播信息Input Power 输入功率Internet Protocol 因特网协议ISA Information Processing Center 信息处理中心ISAN Interactive Program Directory 交互式节目指南International Press Telecommunication Council 国际新闻通信委员会ISO ISRC Integrated Receiver/Decoder 综合接收机/解码器ISSI Information Superhighway 信息高速公路IT Interactive Service 交互业务ITS International Standard 国际标准Industry Standard Architecture 工业标准总线Integrated Service Analog Network 综合业务模拟网ITU International Standard Audiovisual Number 国际标准音视频编号ITV International Standards Organization 国际标准化组织International Standard Recording Code 国际标准记录码IU Inter-Switching System Interface 交换机间系统接口IVCS Interline Transfer 行间转移IVDS Insertion Test Signal 插入测试信号IVOD Intelligent Traffic System 智能交通系统IVS International Telecommunication Service 国际电信业务JB International Telecommunications Union 国际电信联盟JCTA Industrial Television 工业电视JPEG Interactive Television 交互式电视JSB Information Unit 信息单元KB Intelligent Video Conferencing System 智能视频会议系统LAN Interactive Video Data Service 交互视频数据业务LBC Interactive Video On Demand 交互点播电视LC Interactive Video System 交互视频系统LCD Junction Box 接线盒Japan Cable Television Association ***有线电视协会LD Joint Photographic Experts Group 联合图片专家组LDTV Japan Satellite Broadcasting Inc ***广播卫星公司IED Keyboard 键盘LF Local Area Network 局域网LFE Low Bit-rate Coding 低码率编码LFO Lossless Coding 无损编码LI Liquid Crystal Display 液晶显示器LMDS Light Coupled Device 光耦合器件LNA Laser Diode 激光二极管LO Low Definition Television 低分辨率数字电视LPF Light-Emitting Diode 发光二极管LRC Low Frequency 低频LS Low Frequency Response 低频响应LSD Low Frequency Oscillator 低频振荡器LSI Level Indicator 电平指示器LSN Local Microwave Distribution System 本地微波分配系统LTC Low Noise Amplifier 低噪声放大器LVD Local Oscillator 本地振荡器LVR Low Pass Filter 低通滤波器Longitudinal Redundancy Checking 纵向冗余校验Light Source 光源MAC Large Screen Display 大屏幕显示器MAN Large Scale Integrated Circuit 大规模集成电路MAPI Local Supervision Network 本地监测网MATV Longitudinal Time Code 纵向时间码MC Laser Vision Disc 激光电视唱片Laser Video Recording System 激光视盘录制系统Multiplexed Analog Components 复用模拟分量Metropolitan Area Network 都市网MCI Multimedia Application Programming Interface 多媒体应用编程接口MCPC Master Antenna Television 共用天线电视MCR Main Control 主控Media Composer 非线性媒体编辑系统MD Motion Compensation 运动补偿MDM Multimedia Communication 多媒体通信MDOP Media Control Interface 媒体控制接口MF Multi-Channel Per Carrier 多路单载波MIC Master Control Room 主控制室MIDI Mobile Control Room 转播车，移动控制室MMDS Magnetic Drum 磁鼓MODEM Multimedia Data Management 多媒体数据管理MOL Multimedia Data Operation Platform 多媒体数据操作平台MON Medium Frequency 中频MPC Microphone 传声器，话筒MPEG Musical Instrument Digital Interface 乐器数字接口MPO Multi-Channel Microwave Distribution System 微波多点分配系统Modulator And Demodulator 调制解调器MR Maximum Output Level 最大输出电平MSC Monitor 监视器，监听器。
生物英语证书(pec)考试常用词汇
生物英语证书考试(PEC)常用词汇AA band A带abasic site 脱碱基位点,无碱基位点abaxial 远轴的abequose 阿比可糖aberrant splicing 异常剪接aberration 象差;失常abiogenesis 自然发生论,无生源论ablastin 抑殖素[抑制微生物细胞分裂或生殖的一种抗体]abnormal distribution 非正态分布abnormal 异常,失常;畸形,跨变abrin 相思豆毒蛋白ABO blood group system ABO 血型系统aboriginal mouse 原生鼠abortin 流产素abortion 流产,败育abortive egg 败育卵abortive infection 流产(性)感染abortive transduction 流产(性)转导abscisic acid(ABA) 脱落酸sbscission 脱落absolute 绝对的absolute configuration 绝对构垄absolute counting 绝对测量absolute deviation 绝对偏差acceptor site 接纳位点,接受位点acceptor splicing site (=splice acceptor) 剪接受体acceptor stem [tRNA的]接纳茎accessible 可及的accessble promoter 可及启动子accessible surface 可及表面accessory 零件,附件;辅助的accessory cell 佐细胞accessory chromosome(≈supenumemrary chromosume)副染色体accessory factor 辅助因子accessory nucleus 副核accessory pigment 辅助色素accessory protein 辅助蛋白(质〕accident variation 偶然变异accommodation 顺应accumulation 积累,累积accuracy 准确度acenapbthene 二氢苊acene 并苯acentric 无着丝粒的acentric-dicentric translocation无着丝粒-双着丝粒易位acentric fragment(=kinetic fragment) 无着丝粒断片acentric ring 无着丝粒环acetal 缩醛acetaldehyde 乙醛acetal resin 缩醛树脂acetamidase 乙酰胺酶acetamide 乙酰胺acetate 乙酸盐acetic acid(AcOH,HAc) 乙酸,醋酸acetic acid bacteria 乙酸菌,醋酸菌acetic anhydrile 乙酸酐acetification 乙酸化作用,醋化作用acetin 乙酸甘油酯,三乙酰甘油酯acetoacetic acid 乙酰乙酸acetobacter 醋杆菌属acetogen 产乙酸菌aoetogenic bacteria 产乙酸菌acetone 丙酮acetone body(=ketone body)酮体acetone/butanol fermentation丙酮-丁醇发酵acetone powder 丙酮制粉[在-30℃以下加丙酮制成的蛋白质匀浆物] acetonitrile 乙睛acetyl(Ac) 乙酰基acetyl- DL-amino acid 乙酰-DL-氨基酸2-acetylaminofluorene 2-乙酰氨基芴acetylcholine(Ach) 乙酰胆碱acetylchoHne agonist 乙酰胆碱拮抗剂acetylcholine sterase(AchE) 乙酰胆碱酯酶acetylcholine receptor(AchR)乙酰胆碱受体acetyl coenzyme A 乙酰辅酶Aacetylene 乙炔acetylene reduction test 乙炔还原试验[检查生物体的固氮能力]N-acetylgalactosamine(GalNAc) N-乙酰半乳糖胺.N-acetylglucosamine(GlcNAc)N-乙酰葡糖胺acetylglucosaminidase 乙酰葡垮胺糖苷酶acetylglutamate synthetase 乙酰谷氨酸合成酶N-acetylmuramyl acid N-乙酰胞壁酸N-acetylmuramyl pentapeptile N-乙酰胞壁酰五肽N-acetylneuraminic acid(NeuNAc) N-乙酰神经氨酸acetylsalicylate 乙酰水杨酸;乙酰水杨酸盐,酯,根acetylsalicylic acid(AsA) 乙酰水杨酸acctylsapiramycin 乙酰螺旋霉素achiral 非手性的acholeplasma 无胆甾原体[属名用Acholeplasma]achromatic 消色的;消色差的achromatic co1or 无色achromatic lens 消色差透镜achromitin 非染色质A chromosome A染色体[二倍体染色体组中的正常染色体(不同于B染色体)] acid 酸acid-base balance 酸碱平衡acid-base catalysis 酸碱催化acid-base catalyzed reaction酸碱催化反应acid-base equilibrium 酸碱平衡acid-base indicator 酸碱指示剂acid-base metabolism 酸碱代谢acid-base titration 酸碱滴定acid-base transition 酸碱转换acid catalysis 酸催化acid-fast staining 抗酸染色法acid fibroblast growth factor酸性成纤维细胞生长因子acid fuchsin 酸性品红acid glycoprotein 酸性糖蛋白acid hydrolyzed casein 酸水解酪蛋白acidic 酸性的acidic amino acid 酸性氨基酸acidification 酸化(作用)acidic protein 酸性蛋白质[有时特指非组蛋白]acidic transactivator 酸性反式激活蛋白acidic transcription activator 酸性转录激活蛋白acidifying 酸化(作用)acid medium 酸性培养基acid mucopolysaccharide 酸性粘多糖acidolysis 酸解acidophilia 嗜酸性acidophilic bacteria 嗜酸菌acidophilous milk 酸奶acid phosphatase 酸性磷酸酶acid-producing bacteria 产酸菌acid protease(=aspartic protease) 酸性蛋白酶acid solvent 酸性溶剂aclacinomycin 阿克拉霉素activating transcription factor(ATF) 转录激活因子activation 激活;活化activation analysis 活化分析activation energy 活化能activator 激活物,激活剂,激活蛋白activator dissociation system Ac-Ds system) 激活解离系统activator protein(AP) 激活蛋白active absorption 主动吸收active biomass 活生物质active carbon 活性炭active center(=active site) 活性中心active chromatin 活性染色质active dry yeast 活性干酵母active ester of amino acid 氨基酸的活化酯active hydrogen 活性氢active hydrogen compounds 活性氢化合物active immunity 主动免疫active oxygen 活性氧active site 活性部位,活性中心active transport 主动转运active uptake 主动吸收activin 活化素[由垂体合成并由睾丸和卵巢分泌的性激素]activity 活性,活度,(放射性)活度actomyosin 肌动球蛋白actophorin 载肌动蛋白[一种肌动蛋白结合蛋白]acute 急性的acute infection 急性感染acute phase 急性期acute phase protein(= acute phase reactive protein) 急性期蛋白,急相蛋白acute phase reaction 急性期反应,急相反应[炎症反应急性期机体的防御反应]acute phase reactive protein 急性期反应蛋白,急相反应蛋白acute phase response(=acute phase reaction) 急性期反应,急相反应acute-phase serum 急性期血清acute toxicity 急性毒性acyclic nucleotide 无环核苷酸acycloguanosine 无环鸟苷,9-(2-羟乙氧甲基)鸟嚓呤acyclovir(ACV)(=acyclogua-nosme) 无环鸟苷acyl 酰基acylamino acid 酰基氨基酸acylase 酰基转移酶acylation 酰化acylating agent 酰化剂acyl azide 酰叠氮acyl bromide 酰溴acyl carrier protein(ACP) 酰基载体蛋白acyl cation 酰(基)正离子acyl chloride 酰氯acyl coenzyme A(acyl CoA)脂酰辅酶Aacyl fluoride 酰氟acyl halide 酰卤acyloin 偶姻acyltransferase 酰基转移酶affinity column 亲和柱affinity coupling 亲和偶联affinity ectron microscopy 亲和电镜(术)affinity extration 亲和提取,亲和萃取affinity ltration 亲和过滤affinity-isolated antibody 亲和分离的抗体affinity labeling 亲和标记affinity ligand苯和配体affinity maturation 亲和力成熟[见于体液免疫系统的发育]affinity partioning 亲和分配affinity precipitation 亲和沉淀affinity purification 亲和纯化(法)affinity tag (附加)亲和标记物aflatoxin 黄曲霉毒素after-effect 后效agar 琼脂agarase 琼脂糖酶agar diffusion test 琼脂扩散试验agarfitine 伞菌氨酸agar gel 琼脂胶agaricin 蘑菇素agaricinic acid 蘑菇酸agaropectin 琼脂胶agarose 琼脂糖agarose gel 琼脂糖凝胶agarose gel electrophoresis 琼脂糖凝胶电泳agarose plate 琼脂糖平板agar plate 琼脂平板agar slant 琼脂斜面[固化时斜放的,装有固体培养基的一种试管培养基;也指斜面培养基上生长出的菌苔]agent 剂;介质age pigment 老年色素agglutination 凝集(作用)agglutinin 凝集素agglutinogen凝集原aggrecan 聚集蛋白聚糖[来自软骨]aggregate 聚集体,凝聚体aggregation 聚集(作用)aggressin 攻击素[细菌分泌的一种有助于侵染宿主细胞的化学物质]aggressivity 攻击力aging 衰老,老化,陈化agitation 振荡,振摇,搅拌agitator 振荡器,搅拌器aglycon(e) 苷元,糖苷配基agonist 兴奋剂,激动剂,刺激物;竞争剂;拮抗剂agranu1ocyte 无粒细胞agravitropism 无向重力性agretope [抗原]限制位[抗原上识别并结合Ⅱ类主要组织相容性复合体的部位]agricultural alcohol 农产品(制)酒精agricultura waste 农业废物,农业垃圾agrin 集聚蛋白,集聚素[由运动神经分泌并可诱导肌纤维的乙酰胆碱酯酶和乙酰胆碱受体发生聚集]arachnoid 蛛网膜ara operon 阿(拉伯)糖操纵子arbitrarily primed PCR 任意引物PCRarbitration analysis (=referee analysis) 仲裁分析arbovirus 虫媒病毒arc 弧;电弧archenteron 原肠archeobacteria 古细菌archesporium(=sporogomum)孢原细胞architecture 结构,构造arenavirus沙粒病毒[斛名用arenaviridae]argininase 精氨酸酶arginine(Arg,R) 精氨酸arginine-fork 精氨酸叉[与RNA的识别有关]arginine vasopressin (AvP)精氨酸升压素,精氨酸加压素8-arginine vasotocin(AvT)(=vasotocin) 8-精催产素,8-精加压催产素argininosuccinic acid 精氨(基)琥珀酸argul(Ar) 氩aril 假种皮arithmetic average deviation 算术平均偏差arithmetic mean 算术均数arm 臂[如染色体臂,噬菌体臂,连接臂等]arm ratio [染色体]臂比anmyworm 粘虫[如草地贪夜蛾]arnold steam sterilizer 流通蒸汽灭菌器aromatic 芳香(族)的aromatic amino acid 芳香(族)氨基酸aromatic compound 芳香(族)化合物aromatic hydrocarbon 芳(香)烃aromatic hydrocarbon receptor(Ah receptor) 芳(香)烃受体array 数组;列阵;一批arrest 抑制;扣留;停滞arrestin [视紫红质]抑制蛋白[可与视紫红质结合,使其受体与转导素解偶联] Arrhenius equation 阿伦尼乌斯方程Arrhenius theory 阿伦尼乌斯理论Bbackground 背景,本底background absorption 背景吸收background absorption correction 背景吸收校正background correction 背景校正baekground factor 背景因子background genotype 背景基因型[与所研究的表型直接相关的基因以外的全部基因] background hybridization 背景杂交background radiation 背景辐射,本底辐射backmixing 反向混合bacteriostasis抑菌(作用)bacteriostat 抑菌剂bacteriotoxin细菌毒素bacteriotropin 亲菌素bacterium(复:bacteria) 细菌bateroid 类菌体bacto-gar细菌培养用琼脂baculovirus 杆状病毒bag sealer 封边机bkers yeast 面包酵母baking soda 小苏打balance 天平;平衡balanced heterokaryon 平衡异核体balance lethal平衡致死balanced lethal gene 平衡致死基因balanced linkage 平衡连锁balanced pathogenicity 平衡致病性balanced polymorphism 平衡多态性balanced salt solution(Bss) 平衡盐溶液balanced solution 平衡溶液balanced translocation 平衡易位H[低精度的三维结构实体模型]ball mill 球磨ball milling 球磨研磨ball mill pulverizer 球磨粉碎机balloon catheter 气囊导管[用于基因送递,如将DNA导人血管壁]BAL 31 nuclease BAI,核酸酶banana bond 香蕉键band 条带,带[于电泳,离心等]band broadening 条带加宽banding pattern 带型banding technique 显带技术,分带技术band sharpening 条带变细,条带锐化band width 带宽barbiturate 巴比妥酸盐barium(Ba) 钡barly strip mosaic virus(BSMv)大麦条纹花叶病毒barly yellow dwarfvirus(BYDv)大麦黄矮病毒barnase 芽胞杆菌RNA酶[于解淀粉芽胞杆菌]barophilic bacteria 嗜压菌baroreceptor 压力感受器barotaxis 趋压性barotroplism 向压性bidirectional promoter 双向启动子bidirectionl replication 双向复制bidirectionl transcription 双向转录bidirectional translocation 双向运输biennial plant 二年生植物bifunctional agent 双功能试剂bifunctional antibody 双功能抗体bifunctional catalyst 双官能催化剂,双功能催化剂bifunctional initiator 双官能引发剂,双功能引发剂bifunctional intercalator 双功能嵌人剂,双功能插入剂bifunctional linker 双功能接头bifunctional vector 双功能载体bifurcated hydrogen bond 分叉氢键biglycan 双糖链蛋白聚糖[有两条糖胺聚糖链] bibteral symmetry 两侧对称,左右对称bilayer 双层[时特指脂双层]bile acid 胆汁酸bile pigment 胆汁色素bile salt 胆汁盐bile salt micelle 胆汁盐微团,胆汁盐胶团,胆汁盐胶束Bili-[头]胆汁bilin 胆汁三烯bilinogen 胆汁烷bilinogens 后胆色素原类bilins 后胆色素类bilirubin 胆红素bilirubin glucuronide 胆红素葡糖苷酸biliverdin 胆绿素bimetallic enzyme 双金属酶bimolecular lipid membrane 双分子脂膜bimolecular reaction 双分子反应bimolecmlar reduction 双分子还原(反应)Binary fission 二分裂bindin 结合蛋白binding site 结合位点,结合部位binocular microscope 双目显微镜binodal curve 双结点曲线binomial distribution 二项(式)分布binomial nomenclature 双名法bioactive molecule 生物活性分子bioactive peptide 生物活性肽bioactive polymer 生物活性高分子,生物活性聚合物bioactivity 生物(学)活性bioamine 生物胺bioassay 生物测定,生物学鉴定(法)bioastronautics 生物航天学bioautography 生物自显影(法)BioBeads resin [商] BioBeads树脂[Bio-rad公司商品,可用于层析及多肽合成]BioBrene solution [商] BioBrene溶液[由Applied Bio-systems公司生产的一种Poly-brene类聚卤化季铵盐的溶液biocabina 生物舱biocatalysis 生物催化biocatalyst 生物催化剂bioceramic 生物陶瓷biochemical 生化试剂,生化药品biochemical engineering 生化工程biochemical fuel cell 生化燃料电池biochemical medium 生化培养基biochemical mutant 生化突变体,生化突变型biochemical oxygen demand(BOD) 生化需氧量biochemical polymorphism 生化多态性biochemistry 生物化学biochip 生物芯片biochronometry 生物钟学biocide 抗微生物剂,抗生剂bioclimate 生物气候biolock 生物钟bicoenosis 生物群落biocommunity(=biocoenosis) 生扬群落biocomputer 生物计算机biocontrol=biological control)生铂防治;生物控制biocontrol system 生物控制系统bioconversion 生物转化[如利用微生物酶改造有机化合物的分子结构]biocosmonautics 生物宇航学biocybernetics 生物控制论biocytin 生物胞素,ε-N-生物素-L-赖氨酸biodegradable (可被)生物降解的biodegradable plastics (可被)生物降解(的)塑料biodegradation 生物降解(作用)biodegradation pathway 生物降解途径biodeterioration 生物致劣(作用)[生物体的生命活动而造成物质的物理或化学性质改变及质量降低]biodiversity 生物多样性Bio-Dotmicrofiltration apparatus [商] Bio-Dot微置过滤装置[Bio-Rad公司商品,可用于蛋白质或核酸溶液的抽滤,并能使样品在滤膜上形成规则的斑点或狭线]bioelectremistry 生物电化学bioelectronics 生物电子学bioenergetics 生物能学bioengineering 生物工程(学)bioethics 生物伦理学[讨论生物学研究(如基因工程,器官移植等)所涉及的伦理问题] biofeedback 生物反馈biofilter 生物滤器Bonded phase 键合相Bonded-phase chromatography键合相层析boded silica 键合硅bonded stationary phase 键合固定相Bonding orbital 成键轨道bonding region 键(合)区bond length 键长bond moment 键矩bond order 键级bond srength 键强度bond valence 键价bond valence bond length corre-lation键长关联bone 骨,骨骼bone marrow 骨髓bone marrow ceIl 骨髓细胞bone marrow stem cell 骨髓干细胞bone marrow transplantaion骨髓移植bone morphogenetic protein(BMP) 骨形态发生蛋白,骨形成蛋白booster imunization 加强免疫borax 硼砂bordetella包特菌属bordetella pertssis 百日咳杆菌boron(B) 硼borrelidin 疏螺体素botany 植物学bottle neck 瓶颈bott1e neck effect 瓶颈效应bottom fermentation 下面发酵bottom phase 下相bottom yeast 下面酵母botu1inus toxin 肉毒杆菌毒素boundary 边界;界面boundary element 边界元件boundary layer 边界层boundary lipid 界面脂′boundary zone 界面区bound auxin 束缚生长素bound water 结合水,束缚水bouquet stage 花束期bovine 牛bovine leukemia virus(BLV)牛白血病病毒bovine panceatic ribonuclease 牛胰RNA酶bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibittor(BPTI) 牛胰胰蛋白酶抑制剂bovine papillomavirus[BPV)牛乳头瘤病毒bovine serum albumin(BSA)牛血清白蛋白bovine spleen phosphodiesterase 牛脾磷酸二酯酶bovine viral diarrhea virus(BVDV) 牛病毒性腹泻病毒[归于黄病毒科瘟病毒属] Bowman-Birk protease inhibitorBowman—Birk蛋白酶抑制剂[见于豆科植物种子]box 箱;匣,盒;框brachionectin(= tenascin) 臂粘连蛋白brady [词头] 缓慢bradykinin 缓激肽bradykinin potentiating peptide缓激肽增强肽Bragg angle 布拉格角bulldog clamp 动脉夹bumble bee venom 熊蜂毒bumping 暴沸,进沸bundle 束bundle sheath (维管)束鞘bungarotoxin 银环蛇毒紊Bunsen burner 本生灯Bunsen cone 本生焰锥Bunsen eudiometer 本生量气管Bunsen f1ame 本生焰bunyavirus 布尼乎病毒[科名用Bunyaviridae]Bunyamwera virus 布尼奥罗病毒buoyant density 浮力密度buoyant density centrifugation浮力密度离心buret 滴定管buried residues 隐蔽残基Burkitt lymphoma 伯基特淋巴瘤bursa of Fabricius 法氏囊,腔上囊bursin 法氏囊肽bursopoietin(=bursin) 法氏囊生成素Ccalcitonin(CT) 降钙素alciutouin-gene- related peptide(CGRP)降钙素基因相关calicium(Ca) 钙calcium binding protein 钙结合蛋白(质)calcium binding site 钙结合部位calcium/calmodulin—dependentprotein kinase 依赖(于)钙-钙调蛋白的蛋白激酶calcium channel 钙通道alcium chloHde 氯化钙calcium—dependent neutral protease (=calpain) 依赖(于)钙的中性蛋白酶calcium-dependent protein 依(赖于)钙(的)蛋白(质)calcium influx 钙流入calcium mediatory protein 钙中介蛋白(质)calcium phoqhate 磷酸钙calcium phosphate prcipitation磷酸钙沉淀calcium phosphate—DNA copre-cipitate 磷酸钙一DNA共沉淀物calcium phosphate-DNA copre-cipitation 磷酸钙→DNA共沉淀calcium pump 钙氟calcium sensor protein 钙传感蛋白(质)calcium sequestrathn 集钙(作用)calcyclin 钙(细胞)周期蛋白calcyphosine 钙磷蛋白[是依赖于cAMP的蛋白激酶的磷酸化底物]caldesmon 钙调(蛋白)结合蛋白[主要见于平滑肌,可与钙调蛋白及肌动蛋白结合] calelectrin(=annexinⅥ) 钙电蛋白[最初发现于鳗鱼电器官的一种钙结合蛋白Calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase(CIP)(小)牛小肠碱性磷酸酶calf serum 小牛血清calfthymus 小牛胸腺calgranulin 钙粒蛋白calibration 校准,标准calibration curve 校正曲线calibration filter 校准滤光片calibration protein 校准蛋白calicheamycim 刺孢霉素[来自刺孢小单胞菌的抗肿瘤抗生素,带有二炔烯官能团] calicivirus 杯状病毒[科名用Caliciviridae]callose 胼胝质,愈伤葡聚糖,capsomer(e) (病毒)壳粒capsular polysaccharide 荚膜多糖capsulation 包囊化(作用),胶囊化(作用)capsule 荚膜capsule swelling reaction 荚膜肿胀反应capture 捕捉,俘获capture antigen(=coating antigen) 捕捉抗原[酶免疫测定中用于捕捉抗体的抗原] capture assay 捕捉试验carbamyl 氨甲酰基carbamylation 氨甲酰化carbamyl ornithine 氨甲酰鸟氨酸carbamylphosphate 氨甲酰磷酸carbamyl phosphate synthetase氨甲酰磷酸合成酶carbamyl transferase 氨甲酰(基)转移酶carbanion 碳负离子carbanyl group 羰基cirbene 卡宾carbenicillin 羧苄青霉素carbenoid 卡宾体carbocation 碳正离子carbodiimide 碳二亚胺carbohydrate 糖类,碳水化合物carbohydrate binding protein糖结合蛋白carbohydrate fingerprinting 糖指纹分析carbohydrate mapping 糖作图,糖定位Carbohydrate-protein interacttion 糖-蛋白质相互作用carbohydrate sequencing 糖测序carbol fuchsin 石炭酸品红carboline 咔啉,二氮芴cirbon(C) 碳carbon assimihtion 碳同化carbonate 碳酸盐,碳酸酯carbonated plant 碳化植物carbon balance 碳平衡carbon cycling 碳循环carbon dioxide 二氧化碳carbon dioxide compensationpoint 二氧化碳补偿点carbon dioxide fertiliation 二氧化碳施肥carbon dioxide fixation 二氧化碳固定carbon dioxide tension 二氧化碳张力carbon fiber 碳纤维carbon fixathn 碳固定carbonic anhydrase 碳酸酐酶carbon isotope 碳同位素carbon isotope analysis 碳同位素分析carbon isotope composition 碳同位素组成carbonium ion 碳正离子carbon monoxide 一氧化碳carbon source 碳源carbonyl 羰基carbonylation 羰基化carboxydismutase 羧基歧化酶,核酮糖二磷酸羧化酶Carboxydotrophic bacteria 二氧化碳营养菌基质相互作用Cell-mediated immuninity(CMI)细胞(介导)免疫Cell mediated lymphocytotoxity细胞介导的淋巴细胞毒性cll membrane (细)胞膜cll migration 细胞迁移cll mobility 细胞运动性cell motility(= cell mobility)细胞运动性cell movement 细胞运动cell mutation 细胞突变cellobiose 纤维二糖酶celloise 纤维二糖cellobiuronic acid 纤维二糖醛酸cello-oligosaccharide 纤维寡糖cellosolve 溶纤剂,纤溶剂cellotriose 纤维三糖cell parameters(=lattice parameters) 晶胞参数cell permeabilizntion 细胞透化(作用)[使细胞的通透性增加lcell polarity 细胞极性cell recognition 细胞识别cell recycle 细胞再循环[如见于发酵工艺]cell repository(=cell bank) 细胞库cell respiration 细胞呼吸cell rupture 细胞破裂,细胞破碎cell rhythm 细胞节律cell sattering factor 细胞分散因子cell scraper 细胞刮棒cell senescence(=cell aging)细胞衰老cell shape 细胞形状cell signaling 细胞信号传导,细胞信号发放cell sociology 细胞社会学cell sorter 细胞分选仪cell sorting 细胞分选cell strain 细胞株[从原代培养或细胞系获得,具有特定性质或标志并在晦后培养期间始终保持]cell substrain 细胞亚株cell substrate attachment 细胞基底附着cell substrate interaction 细胞-基底相互作用cell surface 细胞表面cell surface receptor 细胞表面受体cell surface recognition 细胞表面识别cell targeting 细胞寻靶cell theory 细胞学说cell therapy 细胞治疗[如LAK,TIL等方法]cell transfomation 细胞转化cell tropism 细胞嗜性cell typing 细胞分型cellular 细胞的;微孔的cellular compartment 细胞区室cellular immunity 细胞免疫cellular immunology 细胞免疫学cellular localization 细胞定位cellular material 微孔材料cellular oncogene(c-oncogene)细胞癌基因chemiluminometry 化学发光分析(法) chemiosmosis 化学渗透chemiosmotic hypothesis 化学渗透假说chemiosmotic theory 化学渗透理论chemisorption 化学吸附chemistry 化学chemo- [词头] 化学chemoattractant 化学引诱物,化学吸引物,趋化物chemoattracting cytokine 趋化demiluminometry 化学发光分析(法) chemiosmosis 化学渗透chemiosmotic hypothesis 化学渗透假说chemiosmotic theory 化学渗透理论chemisorption 化学吸附chemistry 化学chemo- [词头] 化学chemoattractant 化学引诱物,化学吸引物,趋化物chemoattracting cytokine 趋化chemoorganotrophy 化能有机营养chemoreception 化学感受(作用) chemoreceptor 化学感受器chemorepellalt 化学排斥物chemosensory neuron 感化性神经元chemosensory transducer 感化性传导物chemosmosis(=chemiosmosis)化学渗透chemostat 恒化器chemostat culture 恒化培养(物)chemosynthesis 化能合成chemotactic cytokine 趋化细胞因子chemotactic factor 趋化因子chemotactic lipid 趋化脂质chemotactic peptide 趋化肽chemotactic repellant 化学拒斥剂chemotaxin 趋化因子,趋化物chemotaxis 趋化性[(细胞)随环境中化学物质的分布梯度作定向运动]chemotherapeutant 化疗剂chemotherapeutic agent 化疗剂chemotherapeutics 化疗药物chemotherapy 化疗,化学疗法chemotrophy 化能营养chemotropism 向化性[因环境中化学物质的浓度梯度而引起细胞的定向生长]chemotype 化学型chemovar 化学变型chromosomal disorder 染色体病chromosomal DNA 染色体DNAchromosomal domain 染色体结构域chromosomal elimination 染色体丢失,染色体消减chromosomal localization 染色体定位chromosomaI mutation 染色体突变chromosomaI pattern 染色体型chromosomal poIymorphism 染色体多态性chromosomal puff 染色体胀泡,染色体疏松chromosomal rearrangement染色体重排chromosomal scaffold 染色体支架chromosome 染色体chromosome aberration 染色体畸变chromosome abnormalty 染色体异常chromosome arm 染色体臂chromosome band 染色体带chromosome banding technique染色体显带技术chromosome blotting 染色体印迹[通过脉冲电场凝胶电泳分离染色体DNA并进行Southern 印迹]chromosome breakage 染色体断裂chromosome bridge 染色体桥chromosome center(=chromocenter) 染色中心chromosome coiling 染色体螺旋chromosome complement 染色体组chromosome core 染色体轴chromosome crawling 染色体缓移chromosome cycle 染色体周期chromosome damage 染色体损伤chromosome deletion 染色体缺失chromosome doubbling 染色体加倍chromosome dublication 染色体重复chromosome elimination 染色体丢失,染色体消减chromosome engineering 染色体工程(学)chromosome evolution 染色体进化chromosome exchange 染色体交换chromosome flow sorting 染色体流式分选(法)chromosome fragmentation 染色体断裂chromosome fusion 染色体融合chromosome gap 染色体间隙,染色体裂隙chromosome interchange 染色体互换chromosome jumping 染色体跳查condenser 冷凝器;聚光器condensing agent 凝聚剂[大分子群集作用的促进剂]缩合剂[缩合反应的催化剂];冷凝剂condition 条件conditional cytotoxic 条件致细胞毒conditional lethal 条件致死conditional lethal mutant 条件致死突变体,条件致死突变型conditional lethal mutation 条件致死突变conditional mutant 条件突变体,条件突变型,条件突变株conditional mutation 条件突变conditioned medium 条件培养基,条件培养液conditiomd pathogen 条件致病菌,条件致病病原体conditioning 调节,调理,再生conduction 传导conductivity 电导率,导电率;导电性;传导率;传导性conductivity detector 电导率检测器conductivity water 电导水comductometer 电导计conductometric titration 电导滴定(法)conductometry 电导分析(法)cone 锥,圆锥体cone and plate viscometer 锥板式粘度计confdence coefticient 置信系数confdeng interval 置信区间confidence limit 置信限configuration 构型confgurational disorder 构型无序confgurational unit 构型单元confirmatory sequencing 确证性测序,证实性测序confirmatory test 确证试验,证实试验confluent 汇合的,融合的,连生的,铺满的confluent cultivation 铺满培养confluent culture 铺满培养物,铺满培养confluent monolayer cells (汇合)成片的单层细胞,铺满的单层细胞conformation 构象conformational analysls 构象分析conformational change 构象变化conformational deteminant 构象(性)决定簇conformational disorder 构象无序conformational epitope 构象(性)表位conformational inversion 构象反转conformationnl repeating unit构象重复单元conformational restriction 构象限制(性)conformational similarity 构象相似性conformational switch 构象转换(器),构象开关conformational witching 构象转换cross link 交联;交联键cross-linked 交联的cross-linked gel 交联凝胶cross-linked network 交联网络coss-linked polymer(=three dimensional polymer) 交联聚合物crosslinker 交联剂crosslinking 交联crosdinking agent 交联剂crosslinHng density 交联密度crosslinking group 交联基crosslinking index 交联指数cross matching 交叉配血(试验)cross neutra1ization 交叉中和crossver flixation交换固定crossver suppressor 交换抑制因子crossver unit 交换单位crossver value 交换值coss phosphorylation 交叉磷酸化cross pollination 异体受粉,异花传粉cross protection 交叉保护cross-reacting antibody 交叉反应抗体cross-reacting antigen 交叉反应抗原cross-reacting determinant(CRD) 交叉反应决定簇cross reaction 交叉反应cross reactivation 交叉复活cross regulation 交叉调节,交互调节cross section 截面,横切面cross-sterility 杂交不育,杂交不育性crosstalk 串话,通讯crotapolin(= crotoxin A) 响尾蛇毒素Acrotin 巴豆毒蛋白crotoxin 响尾蛇毒素crown gall 冠瘿crown gall nodule 冠瘿瘤crucible 坩埚crucifoml 十字形,十字形结构crucifoml loop 十字形环[双股反向重复序列的每一股分别自我配对而形成] cruciform structure 十字形结构crude 粗的,粗制的crude extract 粗提物crude product 粗制品crustacyanin 虾青蛋白,甲壳蓝蛋白cryo-[词头]冷,冻cryobio1ogy 低温生物学cryoconcentration 低温浓缩cryocrystal1ography 低温晶体学cryoelectron microscopy 冷冻电(子显微)镜术cryofixation 冷冻固定cryogen 冷冻剂,制冷剂cryogenic g1ove 低温防护手套cryogenic purification 深低温纯化cryogenic refrigerator 低温冰箱cryogenics 低温实验法cryogenic separation 深低温分离cytoplasmic region 胞质区[如指跨膜蛋白的胞内区]cytoplasmic streaming(=cyclosis) 胞质环流cytoplasmic tall 胞质尾区[如指跨膜蛋白的胞内小区]cytoplasm IgM 胞质IgM,胞质免疫球蛋白Mcytoplast 胞质体cytorheology 细胞流变学cytosol 胞质溶胶cytosolic localizatiop. 胞质定位cytosolic space 胞质腔cytosol receptor 胞质受体cytosome(=cytoplast) 胞质体cytostatic factor 细胞静止因子cytotactin(=tenascin) 腱生蛋白cytotoxic 细胞毒的cytotoxicity 细胞毒性cytotoxic T cell(Tc)(=cytotoxic T lymphocyte) 细胞毒性T细胞cytotoxic T lymphocyte(CTL,Tc) 细胞毒性Υ淋巴细胞cytotoxin 细胞毒素cytotropism 细胞向性cytovillin 细胞绒毛蛋白[见于微绒毛,可作用于肌动蛋白丝]Ddalton 道尔顿[符号D,Da]dammarane 达玛烷dammaranetype 达玛烷型Dane particle 丹氏粒[型肝炎病毒的完整毒粒]dangerous 危险的dansyl 丹(磺)酰,l-二甲氨基萘—5-磺酰dansylchloride 丹磺酰氯dansyl method 丹磺酰法dantrolene 硝苯呋海因[肉松弛剂]dark current 暗电流dark field 暗视野,暗视场dark-field microscope 暗视野显微镜,暗视场显微镜dark-field microscopy 暗视野显微术,暗视场显微术dark reaction 暗反应dark repair 暗修复dark respiration 暗呼吸dark room 暗室,晴房dark seed 需暗种子data(单:datum) 数据,资料data accumulation 数据累积data acquisition 数据获取deciduous leaf 落叶decline phase细胞生长曲线的衰亡期decoagulant(= anticoagulant)抗凝剂decoding 译码,解码decomposer 分解者指具有分解动植物残体或其排泄物能力的微生物: decompression 降压,减压decondensation 解凝(聚)decontaminant 净化剂,去污剂decontaminating agent(=decontaminant) 净化剂,去污剂decontamination 净化,去污decorin 核心蛋白聚糖[一种基质蛋白聚糖,又称为PG-40] dedifferentiation 去分化,脱分化deep∞lony 深层菌落deep etching 深度蚀刻deep refrigeration 深度冷冻deep—shaft airlift fermentor 深井气升式发酵罐deep shaft system 深井系统dretiolation 去黄化,脱黄化defective interfering(DI) 缺损干扰defective mufant 缺损突变体,缺陷突变型,缺陷突变株defective phage 缺损噬菌体,缺陷噬菌体defective virus 缺损病毒,缺陷病毒defense 防御,防卫defense peptide 防卫肽defense response 防御反应,防卫反应defensin 防卫素[动物细胞的内源性抗菌肽]defbiency 缺乏,缺损,缺陷deficient 缺少的,缺损的,缺陷的defined 确定的defined medium 确定成分培养基,己知成分培养液definition 定义defoliating agent 脱叶剂defoliation 脱叶deformylase 去甲酰酶[见于原核细胞,作用于甲酰甲硫氨酸]degasser 脱气装置degassing 脱气,除气degenerncy 简并;简并性,简并度degenerate 简并的degenerate codon 简并密码子degenerate sequence 简并序列desmocalmin 桥粒钙调(蛋白)结合蛋白,桥粒钙蛋白desmocollin 桥粒(芯)胶(粘)蛋白阻于桥粒芯的胶粘层,是桥粒芯蛋白的剪接变体: desmoglea 桥粒芯[桥粒的中央核心层]desmoglein 桥粒芯(糖)蛋白[一类跨膜蛋白,见于桥粒芯]desmolase 碳链酶desmoplaHn 桥粒斑蛋白desmosine 锁链素[由四个赖氨酸侧链形成的交联体,见于弹性蛋白] desmosome 桥粒desmosome plaque 桥粒斑desmotubule 连丝微管desmoyokin 桥粒联结蛋白[见于桥粒斑]desolvation 去溶剂化desorption 解吸(作用),脱附(作用)desorption ionization 解吸电离destabilization 去稳定作用destabilizagent 去稳定剂destaining 脱色destomycin 越霉素desulfurization 脱硫(作用)desynchronization 去同步化defachment 解吸(作用),脱附(作用)detection 检测,检出;观察detection limit 检出限detector 检测器detention 滞留detention time 滞留时间detergent 去污剂,除垢剂,洗涤剂deteriomtion (生物)致劣,恶化deteminant 决定簇;决定子[用于胚胎学];决定因素determination 测定determination limit 测定限detritus 碎屑;腐屑detritylation帆脱(除)三苯甲基detoxification 解毒deutertion 氘化deuterium 氘deutoplasm 滋养层,卵黄质developing solvent 展开剂developing tank 展开槽development 发育;发展;研制;展开developmental biology 发育生物学developmental genetics 发育遗传学developmentally regubted expreswon 由发育(所)调节的表达developmental malformation 发育畸形developmental phase 发育期developmental regulation 发育调节,发育调控developmental rhythm 发育节律developmental sage 发育阶段development folder 显影夹devernalization 脱春化dimrete 分立的,不连续的disease ssociation 疾病相关disease—related gene 病相关基因disease resistance 抗病性dish 平皿,皿disinfectant 消毒剂disinfection 消毒disinfestation 灭虫disinhibition 去抑制disintegration 蜕变,衰变;去整合,解整合;分解,破碎disintegrator 粉碎器,粉碎机disk centrifuge 圆盘(式)离心机[带有成叠的有孔圆盘,常用于溶液的澄清化处理] diskett 磁盘dislocation 脱位,转位,位错dismutase 歧化酶disome 二体,双体disorder 无序;失常,失调;紊乱disordered state 无序状态disordered structure 无序结构dispase 分散酶,中性蛋白酶阀于分散组织培养中的动物细胞] dispenser 分液器dispermy 双精人卵dispersant 分散剂dispcrse medium 分散介质disperse phase 分散相disperse system 分散系统dispersion 分散;色散dispersion force 分散力;色散力dispersion spectrum 色散谱DNA—dHven hybridization DNA驱动(的)杂交lDNA过量DNA-drug adduct DNA-药物加合物DNA—drug complex DNA-药物复合物DNA extractor DNA提取仪,DNA萃取器DNA filter assay DNA滤膜分析DNA fingerprint DNA指纹DNA figerprinting DNA指纹分析DNA fmgmentation DNA断裂DNA glycosidase DNA糖苷酶DNA gyrase DNA回旋酶,DNA促旋酶DNA pmping technique DNA跳查技术DNA helicase DNA解旋酶DNA hornology DNA同源性DNA hybridization DNA杂交DNAintercalator DNA嵌人剂DNA ladder DNA梯[如大小不同的标准参照物的电泳谱] DNA ligase DNA连接酶DNA loop DNA环'DNA looping DNA成环DNA-magnetic bead conjugation DNA-磁珠缀合物DNA melting DNA解链DNA methylase DNA甲基化酶DNA methylation DNA甲基化DNA fcroheterogeneity DNA微不均一性DNA modification DNA修饰DNA DNA切口形成DNA oxidation DNA氧化DNA packaging DNA包裴DNA pairing DNA配对DNA phage DNA噬菌体DNA photolyase DNA光解酶DNA pitch DNA螺距DNA polymerase DNA聚合酶DNA polymorphism DNA多态性DNA probe DNA探针DNA-protein complex DNA-蛋白质复合物DNA-protein interaction DNA-蛋白质相互作用DNA purification DNA纯化DNA recombina!tion DNA重组DNA repair DNA修复DNA repication enhancer DNA复制增强子DNA- RNA hybrid DNA-RNA杂交体DNA sequence comparison DNA序列比较drug susceptibility 药物敏感性drug targeting 药物寻靶,药物导向drum鼓,转鼓drum dryer 转鼓式干燥机drum drying 转鼓式干燥drum filter 滤鼓,转鼓式滤器dry cell weight 细胞干重,dryer(=drier) 干燥器;干燥剂dry-heat sterilization干热灭菌dry ice 干冰dry lce keeper 干冰保存器dry ice maker 干冰制造器,制干冰器drying agent(=desiccant) 干燥剂dying-down 干燥(处理)drying oven 烘箱,干烤箱dry weight 干重D type particle D型颗粒dual functional catalyst(=bifunctional catalyst) 双功能催化剂dual recognition 双重识别dual staining 双重染色(法)dual wavelength spectrophotometer 双波长分光光度计Duchenne muscular dystrophy(DMD) Duchenne型肌营养不良,假肥大型肌营养不良buck hepatitis B virus(DHBv)鸭乙型肝炎病毒Dulbeccos minimum essentialmedium(DMEM) Dulbecco极限必需培养基Dulbeccos m odified Eagle medium(DME,DMEM) Dulˉbecco改进的Eagle培养基duocrinin 促十二指肠液素duplex 双链体;双螺旋;二显性组合duplicate 双份,重复试验;复制品duplication 重复duplicon 重复子duramycin 耐久霉素duration 持续时间dwarfcolony 侏儒型菌落dwarf plant 矮化植物[遗传因素决定不能长高矮生植物]由人为措施或特殊环境决定不能长高:dwelltime 滞留时间。
模拟电子技术基础常用词汇表
模拟电子技术基础常用词汇表半导体semiconductor本征半导体intrinsic semiconductor掺杂doping共价键covalent bond空穴hole束缚电子bonded electron自由电子free electron半导体二极管semiconductor diode点接触型~ point contact type ~等效电路equivalent circuit电流方程current equation伏安特性V olt Ampere characteristic发光二极管light-emitting diode理想模型ideal model面接触型junction type ~小信号模型small signal model折线化模型piecewise model载流子carrier波形转换电路waveform converter波形发生电路waveform generator方波发生器square wave generator函数发生器function generator锯齿波发生电路Saw tooth wave generator 矩形波发生电路rectangle wave generator 三角波发生电路triangular wave generator 正弦波振荡电路sinusoidal oscillator差分放大电路differential amplifier参数parameter共模放大倍数common-mode gain共模抑制比common-mode rejection ratio 输出电阻output resistance输入电阻input resistance长尾~ long tailed ~场效应管field effect transistor对称条件condition of symmetry共模信号common-mode signal恒流源constant current source零点漂移zero drift静态工作点quiescent point有源负载active load串联型稳压电源series voltage regulator保护电路protecting circuit安全区保护safety operating area protection 过流保护current overload protection过热保护thermal overload protection基准源reference带隙基准源band-gap reference齐纳基准源Zener reference 衬底substrate沟道channel恒流区constant current region夹断电压pinch off voltage结型~ junction type ~金属-氧化物-半导体场效应管Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET)绝缘栅型~ insulted gate type开启电压threshold voltage耗尽型depletion type增强型enhancement type漏极drain栅极gate源极source输出特性output characteristics转移特性transfer characteristics多发射极晶体管multiple emitter transistor 电荷放大器charge amplifier多集电极晶体管multiple collector transistor电路仿真circuit simulation电流反馈集成运放current feedback operational amplifier电流模current mode比例电流源scaling current source多路电流源multiple current source镜像电流源current source mirror微电流源small value current source威尔逊电流源Wilson current source单片集成稳压器monolithic integrated regulator低频功率放大电路low frequency power amplifier电容capacitor旁路~ by-pass ~极间~ inter-electrode ~扩散~ diffusion ~滤波~ filtering ~耦合~ coupling ~势垒~ barrier ~电容滤波capacitance filter脉动系数ripple factor电压比较电路voltage comparator窗口比较器window comparator过零比较器zero-crossing comparator集成电压比较器integrated voltage comparator简单比较器simple comparator三态比较器tri-state comparator限幅clipping阈值电压threshold voltage滞回比较器regenerative comparator电压反馈集成运放voltage feedback operational amplifier电子设计自动化Electronic Design Automation (EDA)EM模型Ebers-Moll model伏安特性V olt-Ampere characteristics放大电路amplifier变压器耦合~ transformer coupling ~单级放大电路single stage amplifier共发射极common-emitter (CE共漏极common-drain (CD)共集电极common-collector共基极common-base(CB)共源极common-source(CS)多级放大电路multi-stage amplifier负载线load line直流负载线direct load line交流负载线alternating load line共射-共基放大电路CE-CC amplifier共集-共基放大电路CC-CB amplifier工作点稳定operating point stabilization光电耦合器photo-coupler射极输出器emitter follower选频~ frequency selective~直接耦合~ direct coupled ~阻容耦合~ RC coupled ~电大电路的性能characteristics of amplifiers 放大倍数amplification频率特性frequency characteristics (frequency response)波特图Bode plot上限截至频率upper cut-off frequency相频特性phase frequency characteristic下限截至频率lower cut-off frequency失真系数distortion factor输出电阻output resistance输入电阻input resistance瞬态响应transient response通频带bandwidth效率efficiency信噪比signal-noise ratio最大输出幅值maximum output amplitude最大输出功率maximum output power放大电路的分析analysis of amplifiers等效电路equivalent circuith参数模型h-parameter model混合“∏”模型hybrid-∏ model直流模型DC model交流通路AC model图解法graphical method 直流通路direct current path负反馈放大电路的自激振荡self excited oscillation of feedback amplifiers校正措施compensational method超前校正phase lead compensation滞后校正phase lag compensation稳定判据stability criterion稳定裕度stability margin幅值裕度gain margin相位裕度phase margin闭环closed-loop负反馈negative feedback反馈通路feedback path开环open-loop深度负反馈strong negative feedback正反馈positive feedback自举电路bootstrapping feedback反馈极性判断feedback polarity examination反馈组态feedback configuration电流并联current-parallel电压串联voltage-series反向饱和电流（I S）reverse saturation current 光电池photocell光电二极管photodiode光电三极管phototransistor隔离放大器isolated amplifier丙类~ class C ~BTL~ balanced transformer-less ~互补电路complementary pair circuit集成功放integrated circuit power amplifier 甲类放大class A amplification甲乙类放大class AB amplification交越失真cross-over distortionOCL~ output capacitor-less ~OTL ~ output transformer-less ~热阻thermal resistance输出功率output power散热heat dissipation推挽~ push-pull ~乙类放大class B amplification准互补电路quasi complementary干扰interference集成电压比较器integrated voltage comparator集成模拟乘法器integrated analog amplifier变跨导乘法器variable trans-conductance multiplier四象限乘法器four-quadrant multiplier集成运算放大电路integrated operational amplifier circuit保护电路protecting circuit反相输入端inverting input terminal集成电路特点features of integrated circuit 理想运放ideal operational amplifier失调电流offset current失调电压offset voltage同相输入端non-inverting input terminal通用型popular type转换速率slew rate专用型special type精密整流电路precision rectifier半波half wave全波full wave双极型晶体管bipolar junction transistor饱和区saturation region参数parameter电流放大系数current amplification factor 放大区active region击穿电压breakdown voltage特征频率transition frequency晶片wafer晶闸管thyristor开关型直流电源switching mode direct power supply脉宽调制pulse width modulation占空比duty ratio过渡带transition band低通滤波器low-pass filter(LPF)带通滤波器band-pass filter(BPF)带阻滤波器band-elimination filter(BEF)高通滤波器high-pass filter(HPF)全通滤波器all-pass filter(APF)Q值quality factor通带pass-band通带电压增益pass-band voltage gain特征频率characteristic frequency无限增益多路反馈~ infinite gain multiple feedback filter压控电压源voltage-controlled voltage source中心频率center frequency阻带stop-band内阻internal resistanceN型半导体N type semiconductors多数载流子majority carrier施主原子donor atom少数载流子minority carrier杂质impurity屏蔽screenPN结PN junction齐纳击穿Zener breakdown 温度电压当量Voltage equivalent of temperature受主原子acceptor atom热敏电阻thermistor双列直插式封装dual-line package符号symbol相对误差relative error信号转换电路signal transfer circuit电压/电流转换电路voltage-current converter电流/电压转换电路current-voltage converter精密整流电路precision rectifier压控振荡器voltage controlled oscillator运算电路operational circuit比例电路scaling circuit差分输入differential inputT型反馈网络T type feedback network乘法电路multiplication circuit乘方电路mathematical power circuit除法电路divide circuit对数电路logarithmic circuit电压跟随器voltage follower积分电路integration circuit求和电路summing circuit微分电路differential circuit虚短virtual short虚断virtual open虚地virtual ground指数电路exponential circuit仪用放大器instrumentation amplifier有源负载active load有源原件active component整流电路rectifier半波整流half wave rectifier倍压整流voltage doubler rectifier脉动系数ripple factor桥式整流bridge rectifier噪声noise热噪声thermal noise散粒噪声shot noise噪声系数noise factor正弦波振荡电路sinusoidal oscillator石英晶体振荡器crystal oscillator振荡条件criterion of oscillation周期period。
电气英语证书考试(PEC)英语词汇
1. Personnel 人员职员2. Voltmeter 电压表伏特计3. Ohmmeter 欧姆计电阻表4. Megohmmeter 兆欧表5. Wattmeter 瓦特计电表功率6. Watt-hour 瓦时瓦特小时7. Ammeter 安培计电流表8. calibrate 校正9. scale 刻度量程10. rated 额定的11. interfere with 有害于。
12. indicating needle仪表指针13. hazardous 危险的14. pivot 支点15. terminal 端子16. spiral 螺旋形的17. spring 弹簧18. shunt 分流，分路，并联，旁路19. rectifier 整流器20. electrodynamometer 电测力计21. strive for 争取22. vane 机器的叶，叶片23. strip 条，带，（跨接）片24. crude 不精细的，粗略的25. polarity 极性26. fuse 保险丝，熔丝27. rugged 坚固的28. depict 描绘，描写29. cartridge 盒式保险丝30. blow （保险丝）烧断31. plug fuse 插头式保险丝32. malfunction 故障33. deenergize 不给… 通电34. insulation 绝缘35. generator 发电机36. magneto 磁发电机37. humidity 湿度38. moisture 潮湿湿气39. abbreviate 缩写，缩写为40. transformer 变压器41. thumb 检查，查阅42. milliammeter 毫安表43. multimeter 万用表44. dynamometer 测力计，功率计45. aluminum 铝46. deteriorate 使….恶化47. eddy current 涡流48. gear 齿轮，传动装臵49. dial 刻度盘50. semiconductor 半导体51. squirrel 鼠笼式52. diode 二极管53. thyristor 晶闸管54. transistor 电子晶体管55. triac 双向可控硅56. phase 相位（控制）57. silicon 硅58. crystal 晶体59. wafer 薄片60. anode 阳极，正极61. cathode 阴极62. collector 集电极]63. emitter 发射极64. schematic （电路）原理图符号65. leakage 漏电流66. rating 额定值，标称值，定额67. dissipate 散发68. breakdown 击穿69. heat sink 散热器70. self-latching 自锁71. commutation 换向72. geometry 几何结构73. squeeze 压榨，挤，挤榨74. light-dimmer 调光75. capability 容量76. studmounted 拴接式77. hockey puck 冰球78. fin 飞边79. active 有源的80. horsepower 马力81. diameter 直径82. in. （inch ,inches）英寸83. extruded 型材的84. clamp 夹住，夹紧85. compound 紧密结合86. wrench 扳手87. torque 转矩，扭矩88. enclosure 外（机）壳89. ventilation 通风，流通空气90. sealed-off 封的91. thermal 热的，热量的92. substantially 主要地，实质上地93. aptly 适当地，适宜地94. demystify 阐明95. allude 暗指，直接提到96. cease 停止，终了97. line 线电压98. ripple 脉动.99. redundant 多余的100. separately 单独励磁地101. synchronous 同步电动机102. circuitry 电路，线路103. cost-effective 花费大的104. capacitor 电容器105. dictate 确定106. trade-off 权衡，折衷107. criteria 标准，判据108. analog electronics电力电子学109. saturate 使…饱和110. active region 动态区域111. due 应得到的112. ratio 比，比率113. signify 表示114. encode 编码115. resonance 共鸣116. radiated 传播117. molecule 分子118. diaphragm 震动膜119. acoustic wave 声波120. wavy groove 起伏的沟槽121. deflection 挠度，挠曲122. strain gage 应变计量器123. tachometer 转速计124. thermocouple 热电偶125. oscilloscope 示波器126. analytical 解析的127. numerical 数值的128. integrate 求…的积分129. scale 改变比例130. frequency- domain 频域131. random 随机的132. audio 音频的133. operation amplifier 运算放大器134. summation 求和，加法135. sophisticated 复杂的，完善的136. mass-produce 大量生产137. subtract 减去138. inverting amplifier 反向放大器139. uninverting amplifer 同相放大器140. derive 推倒141. active filter 有源滤波器142. stabilize 使稳定143. moderate 适度的，适中的144. virtue 优点145. amplification 扩大146. capacitor 电容器147. impedance 阻抗148. bode plot 波特图149. simulate 模拟，方针150. narrowband filter 带通滤波器151. low-pass filter低通滤波器152. high-pass filter高通滤波器153. differential equation 微分方程154. prebias 预偏臵155. summer 加法器156. weighted 加权的157. refinement 改进158. accommodate 适应159. envision 预见160. alphabet 字母表161. validity 正确性162. proposition 命题163. binary 二进制164. nevertheless 然而165. reveal 展现166. complement 补码167. truthtable 真值表168. algebraical 代数的169. trial and error 试错法，试凑法170. elapse 时间（流逝）171. enumerate 列举172. expire 期满,终止173. brute 僵化的174. prime 上撇号175. trigger 引起,触发176. inversion 反相,反转177. quadruple 四合一178. fabricate 制造179. integrated circuit 集成电路180. capsule 封装181. compatible 兼容的182. obsolete 废弃的183. threshold 门限,阈值184. zener diode 齐纳二极管185. adjacent 临近的,接近的186. arc welding 电弧焊187. intimately 密切地188. recast 重做189. bistable circuit 双稳电路190. cutoff 截止,关闭191. symmetry 对称192. lable 为……标号193. equilibria 平衡194. lever 杆,杠杆195. latch circuit 锁存电路196. depress 压下197. flip-flop 触发器198. glitch 同步199. leading edge 上升沿200. lagging(trailing) edge 下降沿201. inhibit 禁止202. hitherto 迄今,至今203. toggle (来回)切换204. impulse 推动力205. air gap 气隙206. aircraft 飞机207. alternating current, AC 交流208. armature 电枢209. automobile 汽车210. bearing 轴承211. brush 电刷212. carbon 碳213. circumference 圆周214. clearance 间隙215. coils 线圈绕组216. commutator 换向器217. connection 接线端218. copper bar 铜导条219. copper end rings 铜端环220. core 铁心221. cylindrical 圆柱式的222. doubly excited 双边励磁223. electromechanical 机电的224. felt 毡225. ferromagnetic 铁磁的226. field pole 磁极227. flux density 磁通密度228. frame 机座，机壳229. generator 发电机230. glue 胶合，粘贴231. graphite 石墨232. induction motor感应电动机233. laminate 叠制，叠压234. lubricant 润滑剂，润滑油235. magnetic flux 磁通236. magnetizing current 磁化电流，励磁电流237. mechanical rectifier 机械式换向器238. metallic 金属的239. penetrate 透过，渗透240. periphery 周围，圆周241. perpendicular 垂直的，正交的242. polarity 极性243. protrude 使伸出，突出244. reluctance 磁阻245. revolving magnetic field 旋转磁场246. rotor 转子247. salient 突出的248. salient-pole 凸极式249. servo 伺服250. singly excited 单边励磁251. slip rings 滑环252. slot 槽，开槽253. squirrel-cage 鼠笼式，笼型254. stator 定子255. synchronous machine 同步电机256. torque 转矩257. toroid 环状物258. transformer 变压器259. unidirectional 单方向的，方向不变的260. winding 绕组261. wound-rotor 绕线式262. wrap 捆，缠，环绕263. yoke 轭264. allowable temperature rise 允许温升265. alnico 铝镍钴合金266. asynchronous machine 异步电机267. automobile starter motor 汽车启动机268. backlash 啮合间隙，齿隙269. centrifugal force 离心力270. ceramic 陶瓷的271. compound-wound 复励272. constraint 强制，约束273. counter emf 反电势274. counterpart 对应物275. culminate 达到极值点276. cumulative compound 积复励277. demagnetization退磁，去磁278. denominator 分母279. differential compound 差复励280. dissipate 浪费281. equilibrium level 平均值282. equivalent circuit 等效电路283. figure of merit品质因数，优值284. flicker 闪烁，摇曳285. flux per pole 每极磁通286. friction 摩擦287. in parallel with 并联288. in series with 串联289. in terms of 根据，在……方面290. in the vicinity of 在…附近，在…左右291. indispensable 必需的，必不可少的292. inherent 固有的293. insulation 绝缘294. long-shunt 长复励295. loss 损耗296. magnetization curve 磁化曲线297. merit 优点，长处，指标298. no load 空载299. nonetheless，none the less 仍然，依然300. numerator 分子301. overload 过载302. permissible 允许的303. permanent-magnet永磁304. pertinent 有关的305. power flow diagram 功率流程图306. prefix 前缀，把…放在前面307. rated torque 额定转矩308. reaction 电感309. rheostat 变阻器，电阻箱310. series-wound 串励311. shunt-wound 并励312. short-shunt 短复励313. starting current 启动电流314. starting torque 启动转矩315. synchronous speed 同步转速316. theorem 定理317. turns 匝数318. undervoltage 欠电压319. Ward-Leonard system 发电机-电动机组系统320. windage 通风321. yield 产生，提供322. adjacent 相邻的，邻近的323. autotransformer自耦变压器324. braking 制动325. cam 凸轮326. chamber 室，腔327. conveyor 传送机328. corrosion 腐蚀329. counterclockwise 逆时针330. counter electromotive force ，CEMF反电势331. dashpot relay 油壶式继电器332. diaphragm 膜片，挡板333. drill 钻床334. elapse 过去，消逝335. enclosure 机壳336. expel 排出，放出337. fasten 固定，连接338. furnace 炉339. fuse 熔断器，保险丝340. general-purpose relay通用继电器341. hydraulic 液压传动342. initiate 引起，促进343. intake 吸入344. knob 旋钮，圆形把手345. latching relay 自锁继电器346. lathe 车床347. limit switch 限位开关348. moisture 潮气，湿度349. mount 安装350. octal-base 八脚的351. orifice 孔，注孔352. pedal 踏板，踏蹬353. phase sequence 相序354. piston 活塞355. pivot 轴，支点，旋转中心356. plunger 可动铁心，插棒式铁心357. pneumatic 气动的358. relay 继电器359. single-phase 单相的360. solenoids 螺线管361. solid-state relay 固态继电器362. spring 弹簧363. tap 抽头364. three-phase 三相365. timing relay 延时继电器366. toggle 搬扭，刀闸367. vibration 振动368. absolute encoder 绝对编码器369. accelerometer 加速度测量仪370. actuator 执行机构371. analog-to-digital conversion, ADC 模数转换器372. angular 角的373. auxiliary 辅助的374. as a rule of thumb 根据经验375. bellows 膜盒376. binary-coded decimal,BCD377. calibration 校准，标定，刻度378. cantilever 悬臂379. closed-loop 闭环■380. induction machine 感应式电机381. horseshoe magnet 马蹄形磁铁382. magnetic field 磁场383. eddy current 涡流384. right-hand rule 右手定则385. left-hand rule 左手定则386. slip 转差率387. induction motor 感应电动机388. rotating magnetic field 旋转磁场389. winding 绕组390. stator 定子391. rotor 转子392. induced current 感生电流393. time-phase 时间相位394. exciting voltage 励磁电压395. solt 槽396. lamination 叠片397. laminated core 叠片铁芯398. short-circuiting ring 短路环399. squirrel cage 鼠笼400. rotor core 转子铁芯401. cast-aluminum rotor铸铝转子402. bronze 青铜403. horsepower 马力404. random-wound 散绕405. insulation 绝缘406. ac motor 交流环电动机407. end ring 端环408. alloy 合金409. coil winding 线圈绕组410. form-wound 模绕411. performance characteristic 工作特性412. frequency 频率413. revolutions per minute 转/分414. motoring 电动机驱动415. generating 发电416. per-unit value 标么值417. breakdown torque 极限转矩418. breakaway force 起步阻力419. overhauling 检修420. wind-driven generator 风动发电机421. revolutions per second 转/秒422. number of poles 极数423. speed-torque curve 转速力矩特性曲线424. plugging 反向制动425. synchronous speed 同步转速426. percentage 百分数427. locked-rotor torque 锁定转子转矩428. full-load torque 满载转矩429. prime mover 原动机430. inrush current 涌流431. magnetizing reacance 磁化电抗432. line-to-neutral 线与中性点间的433. staor winding 定子绕组434. leakage reactance 漏磁电抗435. no-load 空载436. full load 满载437. Polyphase 多相(的)438. iron-loss 铁损439. complex impedance 复数阻抗440. rotor resistance 转子电阻441. leakage flux 漏磁通442. locked-rotor 锁定转子443. chopper circuit 斩波电路444. separately excited 他励的445. compounded 复励446. dc motor 直流电动机447. de machine 直流电机448. speed regulation 速度调节449. shunt 并励450. series 串励451. armature circuit 电枢电路452. optical fiber 光纤453. interoffice 局间的454. waveguide 波导波导管455. bandwidth 带宽456. light emitting diode 发光二极管457. silica 硅石二氧化硅458. regeneration 再生, 后反馈放大459. coaxial 共轴的,同轴的460. high-performance 高性能的461. carrier 载波462. mature 成熟的463. Single Side Band(SSB) 单边带464. coupling capacitor 结合电容465. propagate 传导传播466. modulator 调制器467. demodulator 解调器468. line trap 限波器469. shunt 分路器470. Amplitude Modulation(AM调幅471. Frequency Shift Keying(FSK)移频键控472. tuner 调谐器473. attenuate 衰减474. incident 入射的475. two-way configuration 二线制476. generator voltage 发电机电压477. dc generator 直流发电机478. polyphase rectifier 多相整流器479. boost 增压480. time constant 时间常数481. forward transfer function 正向传递函数482. error signal 误差信号483. regulator 调节器484. stabilizing transformer稳定变压器485. time delay 延时486. direct axis transient time constant 直轴瞬变时间常数487. time invariant 时不变的488. transient response 瞬态响应489. solid state 固体490. buck 补偿491. operational calculus 算符演算492. gain 增益493. pole 极点494. feedback signal 反馈信号495. dynamic response 动态响应496. voltage control system 电压控制系统497. mismatch 失配498. error detector 误差检测器499. excitation system 励磁系统500. field current 励磁电流501. transistor 晶体管502. high-gain 高增益503. boost-buck 升压去磁504. feedback system 反馈系统505. reactive power 无功功率506. feedback loop 反馈回路507. automatic Voltage regulator(AVR)自动电压调整器508. third harmonic voltage 三次谐波电压509. reference Voltage 基准电压510. magnetic amplifier 磁放大器511. amplidyne 微场扩流发电机512. self-exciting 自励的513. limiter 限幅器514. manual control 手动控制515. block diagram 方框图516. linear zone 线性区517. potential transformer 电压互感器518. stabilization network 稳定网络519. stabilizer 稳定器520. air-gap flux 气隙磁通521. saturation effect 饱和效应522. saturation curve 饱和曲线523. flux linkage 磁链524. per unit value 标么值525. shunt field 并励磁场526. magnetic circuit 磁路527. load-saturation curve 负载饱和曲线528. air-gap line 气隙磁化线529. polyphase rectifier 多相整流器530. circuit components 电路元件531. circuit parameters 电路参数532. electrical device 电气设备533. electric energy 电能534. primary cell 原生电池535. energy converter 电能转换器536. conductor 导体537. heating appliance 电热器538. direct-current 直流539. self-inductor 自感540. mutual-inductor 互感541. the dielectric 电介质542. storage battery 蓄电池543. e.m.f = electromotive fore电动势544. unidirectional current 单方向性电流545. circuit diagram 电路图546. load characteristic 负载特性547. terminal voltage 端电压548. external characteristic外特性549. conductance 电导550. volt-ampere characteristics伏安特性551. carbon-filament lamp 碳丝灯泡552. ideal source 理想电源553. internal resistance 内阻554. active (passive) circuit elements 有（无）源电路元件555. deviation 偏差556. leakage current 漏电流557. circuit branch 支路558. P.D. = potential drop 电压降559. potential distribution 电位分布560. r.m.s values = root mean square values 均方根值561. permanent magnet 永磁体562. effective values 有效值563. steady direct current 恒稳直流电564. sinusoidal time function 正弦时间函数565. complex number 复数566. Cartesian coordinates 笛卡儿坐标系567. modulus 模568. real part 实部569. imaginary part 虚部570. displacement current 位移电流571. trigonometric transformations 瞬时值572. epoch angle 初相角573. phase displacement 相位差574. signal amplifier 小信号放大器575. mid-frequency band 中频带576. bipolar junction transistor(BJT双极性晶体管577. field effect transistor(FET)场效应管578. electrode 电极电焊条579. polarity 极性580. gain 增益581. isolation 隔离分离绝缘隔振582. emitter 发射管放射器发射极583. collector 集电极584. base 基极585. self-bias resistor 自偏臵电阻586. triangular symbol 三角符号587. phase reversal 反相588. infinite voltage gain 无穷大电压增益589. feedback component 反馈元件590. differentiation 微分591. integration 积分下限592. impedance 阻抗593. fidelity 保真度594. summing circuit 总和线路反馈系统中的比较环节595. pneumatic 气动的596. Oscillation 振荡597. inverse 倒数598. admittance 导纳599. transformer 变压器600. turns ratio 变比匝比601. ampere-turns 安匝(数)602. mutual flux 交互(主)磁通603. vector equation 向(相)量方程604. power frequency 工频605. capacitance effect 电容效应606. induction machine 感应电机607. shunt excited 并励608. series excited 串励609. separately excited 他励610. self excited 自励611. field winding 磁场绕组励磁绕组612. speed-torque characteristic 速度转矩特性613. dynamic-state operation动态运行614. salient poles 凸极615. excited by 励磁616. field coils 励磁线圈617. air-gap flux distribution 气隙磁通分布618. direct axis 直轴619. armature coil 电枢线圈620. rotating commutator 旋转（整流子）换向器621. commutator-brush combination 换向器-电刷总线622. mechanical rectifier 机械式整流器623. armature m.m.f. wave 电枢磁势波624. Geometrical position 几何位臵625. magnetic torque 电磁转矩626. spatial waveform 空间波形627. sinusoidal–density wave正弦磁密度628. external armature circuit 电枢外电路629. instantaneous electric power瞬时电功率630. instantaneous mechanical power 瞬时机械功率631. effects of saturation 饱和效应632. reluctance 磁阻633. power amplifier 功率放大器634. compound generator 复励发电机635. rheostat 变阻器636. self – excitation process 自励过程637. commutation condition 换向状况638. cumulatively compounded motor 积复励电动机639. operating condition 运行状态640. equivalent T – circuit T型等值电路641. rotor (stator) winding 转子（定子绕组）642. winding loss 绕组（铜）损耗643. prime motor 原动机644. active component 有功分量645. reactive component 无功分量646. electromagnetic torque 电磁转矩647. retarding torque 制动转矩648. inductive component 感性（无功）分量649. abscissa axis 横坐标650. induction generator 感应发电机651. synchronous generator 同步发电机652. automatic station 无人值守电站653. hydropower station 水电站654. process of self – excitation 自励过程655. auxiliary motor 辅助电动机656. technical specifications 技术条件657. voltage across the terminals 端电压658. steady – state condition瞬态暂态659. reactive in respect to 相对….呈感性660. active in respect to 相对….呈阻性661. synchronous condenser 同步进相（调相）机662. coincide in phase with 与….同相663. synchronous reactance 同步电抗664. algebraic 代数的665. algorithmic 算法的666. biphase 双相的667. bilateral circuit 双向电路668. bimotored 双马达的669. corridor 通路670. shunt displacement current 旁路位移电流671. leakage 泄漏672. lightning shielding 避雷673. harmonic 谐波的674. insulator string 绝缘子串675. neutral 中性的676. zero sequence current 零序电流677. sinusoidal 正弦的678. square 平方679. corona 电晕,放电680. bypass 旁路681. voltmeter 电压表682. ammeter 电流表683. micrometer 千分尺684. thermometer 温度计685. watt-hour meter 电度表686. wattmeter 电力表687. private line 专用线路688. diameter 直径689. centimeter 厘米690. restriking 电弧再触发691. magnitude 振幅692. oscillation 振荡693. auxiliary 辅助的694. protective gap 保护性间隙放电695. receptacle 插座696. lightning arrester 避雷装臵697. bushing 套管698. trigger 起动装臵699. stress 应力700. deterioration 损坏,磨损701. spark gap 火花放电隙702. traveling-wave 行波703. wye-connected 星形连接704. enclosure 设备外壳705. live conductor 带电导体706. fuse 熔断器707. structural 结构上的708. out-of-step 不同步的709. resynchronize 再同步710. synchroscops 同步指示器711. automatic oscillograph 自动示波器712. nominally 标称713. sampling 采样714. potential transformer 电压互感器715. fraction 分数716. switchyard 户外配电装臵717. hazard 危险718. bushing 高压套719. contact 触点720. energize 励磁721. trip coil 跳闸线圈722. over-current relay 过电流继电器723. armature 衔铁724. pickup current 始动电流725. release current 释放电流726. solenoid relay 螺管式继电器727. induction-disc relay 感应圆盘式继电器728. inverse time relay 反时限继电器729. hydraulic 液力的730. dashpot 阻尼器733. electrical stressing 电气应力734. mechanical stressing 机械应力■735. crystal 晶体的，水晶，晶体736. demodulation 解调737. derivative 导数738. diaphragm 膜片739. differentiation 微分740. discrete 离散的741. displacement 位移742. eddy 涡流743. encoder 编码器744. error 误差，偏差745. expedite 加速746. feedback 反馈747. feedforward 前馈748. forging 锻造749. hysteresis 磁滞750. immunity 抗扰性751. impedance 阻抗752. increment encoder 增量编码器753. inertia 惯性754. integration 积分755. interface 接口756. jerk 振动，冲击757. kinematic 运动的，运动学的758. longitudinal 经度了；纵向的759. manipulations 操作，控制，处理760. manipulator 机械手，操作器761. measurand 被测量，被测量对象762. modulation 调制763. multiplexer 多路转换器764. offset 偏心765. open-loop 开环766. orthogonal 垂直的，正交的767. perpendicular 垂直的，正交的768. photosensor 光电传感器769. piezoelectric 压电的770. plant 装臵，设备771. potentiometer 电位器772. predominant 主要的，突出的773. prismatic 棱型的774. proximity 距离775. quantization 量化776. radial 径向的777. redundant 多余的，重复的778. representation 代表，表示779. resolver 解算器780. resonance 共振781. revolute 旋转的，转动的782. rig 设备783. robustness 鲁棒性784. rolling 轧制785. sampling period 采样周期786. signal-to-noise ration ，SNR信噪比787. strategy 策略788. subsequently 其后789. tachometer 测速仪790. terminology 术语，专门名词791. threshold 门，界限，阈值792. trajectory 轨迹793. transducer 传感器794. transient 瞬态的795. transistor-to-transistor logic，TTL 晶体管-晶体管逻辑796. transit 运输797. translatory 平移的798. algorithm 算法799. ambiguity 模棱两可800. antenna 天线801. arbitration 仲裁，公断802. autonomous 匿名的803. capacity 容量804. chao 混乱805. checksum 检查和806. circumnavigate 饶过807. client-server 客户-服务器808. client-server model 客户服务器模型809. corridor 通道，走廊810. decouple 解耦，去除干扰811. depict 描述812. distributed system 分布式系统813. dungen 地牢814. electronic mail 电子邮件815. entity 实体816. etiquette 规则817. exponential 指数818. fallout 余波，附带结果819. forward 转发820. full-duplex 全双工821. gamut 全体，整体822. goggles 护目镜，潜水镜823. half-duplex 半双工824. hierarchy 阶梯，等级825. host 主机826. infrastructure 基础，底层结构827. interactive 交互式828. interface data unit 接口数据单元829. inventory 存货，清单830. killer 迷人的831. newsgroup 新闻组832. object-oriented 面向对象的833. outgoing 外出了，离开的834. pointer 指针835. primitive 操作，原型836. process 进程837. propagation 传播，宣传838. protocol 协议839. protocol data unit 协议数据单元840. remote database 远程数据库841. remote login 远程登陆842. remote terminal 终端843. reprisal 报复844. router 路由器845. service data unit 服务数据单元846. simultaneous 同时的847. static allocation 静态分配848. subnet 子网849. taxonomy 分类学，分类850. telemedicine 远程医疗851. terminology 术语852. testbed 测试平台853. therapy 治疗854. token 令牌855. topology 拓扑学856. videoconference 可视会议857. virtual reality 虚拟现实858. worldwide shared 全球共享的859. wide area network 广域网860. actuator 执行器861. bar code reader 条码阅读器862. by-product 副产品863. call for 需要864. contiguous 邻近的865. culprit 犯罪者866. elusive 难以捉摸的867. filter 滤波器868. fluctuation 升降剥动，不规则的变化869. hardwired 硬接线的870. havoc 大破坏871. high-volume 大容量872. induction coupling 感应耦合873. inference 干扰874. injection molding 注模875. instruction set 指令集876. interconnection 相互连接877. isolation transformer 隔离变压器878. maintenance 维护879. multiple axis drive 多轴驱动880. pilot light 信号灯881. RF noise 射频干扰882. shock 冲击883. solenoid 线圈884. stand-alone 独立的885. stepper 步进电机886. thermocouple 热电偶887. troubleshoot 排除故障888. uninterruptible power supply 不间断电源889. vendor 生产厂商890. vibration 震动891. water-tight 防水892. wreak 发泄，报复893. configuration 组态894. Cyclic Redundancy Check 循环冗余检查895. electromagnetic interference 电磁干扰896. meticulous 详细的897. nonvolatile 非挥发的898. parity 校验899. peripheral 外设900. pharmaceutical 药剂，药品901. rack mounting 机架安装902. resident program 驻留程序903. spare 备用的904. standby 后备的905. volatile 挥发的，易失的906. watchdog timer 看门狗定时器907. distribution 分配，配电908. primary 最初的，基本的，初级线圈909. radial 径向的，辐射状的910. premise 上述各点，前言，根据911. residential 住宅的，居住的912. residence 住宅913. occupancy 占有，占用，居住914. tap 抽头915. establishment 组织，部门916. dwelling 住房917. panel 操纵台，面板918. laundry 洗衣房919. means 手段，工具920. condominium （国际）共官921. branch circuit 直路922. conduit 导线，导线管923. rigid 刚性的，坚固的924. clamp 夹，钳925. bolt 螺栓926. cubicle 立方体927. interrupter 断续(流、电、路)器928. margin 余量，裕度929. nuisance 障碍，公害930. receptacle 插座，插孔931. algebraic 代数的932. virtually 实际上，实质上933. fluorescent 荧光的，有荧光性的934. fixture 设备，装臵]935. vicinity 附近，邻近，接近936. ballast 镇流器937. feeder 馈电线，电源线，馈电板938. ground-fault protector （GFP）939. ground-fault circuit interrupter（GFCI）接地故障保护器，接地故障断路器940. centrifugal 离心的，离心力941. whilst=while942. sphere 球体943. counteract 抵抗，抵消，消除944. joint 关节，铰链945. keyway 键槽946. pivot 轴，支点947. link 连杆948. throttle 节流阀，风门949. synthesis 综合物950. mass 物质，块，堆951. classic 古典的，经典的，传统的952. steer 驾驶，操纵，引导953. servomechanism 伺服机构，伺服系统954. actuate 激励，驱动955. intimately 紧密地，直接的956. academic 纯理论的957. dial 刻度盘，调节控制盘958. calibration 标定，标准化959. lubrication 润滑，注油960. arrangement 结构961. wear 磨损，损耗962. subtle 微妙的，巧妙的963. transducer 变送器964. hand-wheel 手轮，驾驶盘，操纵盘965. hydraulic 液压的，液压传动装臵966. pneumatic 气动的，气动力学的967. electro-hydraulic 电动液压的968. electro-pneumatic 电动气动的969. coincidence 一致，相等970. faithful 正确的，可靠的971. fidelity 重现精度，真实，正确972. oscillatory 振动的，摆动的973. align 调整，校准974. profile 轮廓，仿行975. milling machine 铣床976. gyroscope 陀螺仪977. launcher 发生器，启动装臵978. inertial 惯性的，惯量的979. electrolytic 电解的980. plate （电）镀981. distillation 蒸馏982. blend 混合，调和，配料983. philosophy 基本原理984. analytical 分析的，分解的985. orifice 侧流板，隔板986. diaphragm 膜，隔板987. knob 钮，圆形把手988. nomenclature 术语989. liable 有责任的990. autonomic 自治的991. grossly 大概，大体上的992. ideological 思想的993. morally 道德上，道义上994. boredom 讨厌，无趣995. deterioration 变化，降低品质996. ambient 环境的997. remarks 附注，要点998. differential pressure transducer差压变送器999. viscous 粘稠的1000.viscous friction 粘滞摩擦.1001.bearing 轴承1002.rolling mill 轧钢机1003.mine minder 矿坑卷扬机1004.velodyne 伺服积分器1005.feasible 可行的1006.regenerative braking 回馈制动1007.eddy current braking 涡流制动1008.dynamic braking 能耗制动1009.reverse braking 反接制动1010.advent 出现1011.prolong 延长1012.armature 电枢1013.contactor 接触器1014.hoist 起重机1015.field winding 励磁绕组mutator 换向器1017.riiple 纹动1018.creep 蠕动1019.tachogenerator 测速发电机1020.quadrant 象限1021.coast 跟踪惯性1022.profile 轮廓1023.conveyance 运输工具1024.lever 手柄，控制杆1025.forced commutation 强迫换流1026.ac squirrel cage induction motor 交流笼型感应电动机1027.accutrol 控制器1028.stator 定子1029.rotor 转子1030.DC link 直流环节1031.Triac 双向晶闸管1032.Adjustable-voltage inverter 电压型逆变器1033.Current source inverter 电流型逆变器1034.refinement 明确表达1035.pros and cons 优缺点1036.cogging 齿槽效应. 1037.retrofit 改型1038.damper 减速器1039.pitfall 缺陷1040.vernier 游标尺1041.jog 啮合1042.runout table 输出轨道1043.clinker-cooler 熟料冷却器1044.kiln 炉1045.grinder 磨床1046.pitch 齿轮1047.inventory 存货1048.cone pulley 塔轮，快慢轮1049.escalation 升级，提高1050.forced-draft 强制通风1051.induced-draft fan 吸风机1052.elbow 弯头。
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电子英语证书考试(PEC)-模拟电子技术基础词汇
1．二极管：diode
2．发光：Light emitting
3．方程式：Equating
4．激光：Laser
5．理想模型：Ideal model
6．小信号模型：Small signal model 7．三极管：Bipolar junction transistor 8．结构：Construction
9．特性曲线：Characteristics
10．放大区：Parameters
11．偏置电路：Biasing circuits
12．截至区：Cutoff region
13．饱和区：Saturation region
14．击穿电压：Breakdown voltage 15．共基组态：Common-base configuration 16．共射组态：Common-emitter configuration 17．互补对称：Complementary symmetry 18．电流增益：Current gain
19．图解分析：Graphical analysis 20．电压并联：V oltage-shunt
21．电压串联：V oltage-series
22．电流串联：Current-series
23．电流并联：Current-shunt
24．方框图：Block diagram
25．基本放大器：Basic amplifier 26．反馈网络：Feedback network 27．开环增益：Open-loop gain
28．闭环增益：Closed-loop gain 29．环路增益：Loop gain
30．反馈深度：Desensitivity
31．频率响应：Frequency response 32．非线性失真：Nonlinear distortion 33．输入电阻：Input resistance
34．输出电阻：Output resistance
35．分析方法：Method of analysis
36．稳定性：Stability
37．波特图：Bode plot
38．场效应管：Field effect transistor 39．互补对称功率放大器：Complementary symmetry power amplifier
40．互补型复合管：Complementary Darlington circuit
41．开启电压：Threshold voltage
42．变压器耦合：Transformer-coupled 43．推挽式：Push pull
44．功率管：Power transistor
45．二次击穿：Second breakdown 46．Forward bias 正向偏置：47．Covalent bond 共价键：48．Common-mode signal 共模信号：49．共模抑制比：Common-mode rejection ratio
50．有源滤波电路：Active filter
51．有源负载：Active load
52．多级放大电路：Multistage amplifier 53．束缚电子：Bonded electron
54．自由电子：Free electron
55．自举电路：Bootstrap circuit
56．运算放大器：Operational amplifier 57．迟滞比较器：Comparator with hysteresis
58．受主杂质：Acceptor impurities 59．施主杂质：Donor impurities
60．积分电路：Integrator
61．振荡电路：Oscillator
62．微分电路：Differentiato r
63．滤波电路：Filter
64．电容滤波电路：Capacitance filter 65．电感：Inductance
66．漂移：Drift
67．温度漂移：Temperature drift
68．混合物：Hybrid
69．OCL电路：Output capacitorless circuit 70．OTL电路：Output transformerless circuit 71．屏蔽：Screen
72．旁路电容：By-pass capacitor
73．反向饱和电流：
Reverse saturation current
74．耗尽层：Depletion
75．热敏电阻：Thermistor
76．稳压管：Zener diode
77．零点漂移：Zero drift
78．静态工作点：Quiescent point
79．乘法运算电路：Multiplication circuit 80．除法运算电路：Division circuit 81．串联型稳压电路：
Series voltage regulator
82．交流通路：Alternating current path 83．直流通路：Direct current path
84．图解法：Graphical method
85．光电二极管：Photodiode
86．光电三极管：Phototransistor
87．过零比较器：Zero-crossing comparator 88．隔离放大器：Isolated amplifier 89．同向输入端：
Noninverting input terminal
90．交越失真：Cross over distortion 91．N型半导体：N type semiconductors 92．P型半导体：P type semiconductors 93．整流电路：Rectifier
94．半波整流：Half wave rectifier
95．倍压整流：V otage doubler
96．脉动系数：Ripple factor
97．桥式整流：Bridge rectifier
98．滞回比较器：Regenerative comparator 99．振荡条件：Criterion of oscillation 100．自激振荡.：Self excited oscillation。