19 英语句子成分以及句子结构l练习
英语句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习一、句子成分(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
(二)主语:主语(Subject)是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
(三)谓语谓语(Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下:1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如:He practices running every morning.The plane took off at ten o’clock.2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如:You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.(2)由系动词加表语构成。
如:We are students.注意:谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。
(四)表语表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。
常见的系动词有状态系动词可用来表示主语性质或状态,只有be一词,例如:He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。
(表示主语的身份--性质)He is ill. 他病了。
(表示主语的状态)持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习英语句子就像一座建筑,句子成分是构成这座建筑的各种材料,而句子结构则是建筑的框架。
理解句子成分和结构对于我们正确理解和运用英语至关重要。
接下来,让我们一起深入探讨。
一、英语句子成分1、主语主语是句子所描述的主体,通常是某人、某事或某物。
它是句子的核心,决定了句子要说的是谁或什么。
比如,“The dog is cute” (这只狗很可爱。
)中,“The dog”就是主语。
2、谓语谓语表示主语的动作或状态。
它通常由动词构成。
例如,“She sings beautifully” (她唱歌很好听。
)中的“sings”就是谓语。
3、宾语宾语是动作的对象,通常是接受动作的人或物。
比如,“He bought a book” (他买了一本书。
)中的“a book”就是宾语。
4、表语表语用于说明主语的特征、状态、身份等。
常见的系动词有 be (am/is/are)、seem、look 等,其后的成分就是表语。
例如,“She is happy” (她很开心。
)中的“happy”就是表语。
5、定语定语用来修饰、限定名词或代词。
它可以是形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语等。
例如,“The red car is mine” (那辆红色的车是我的。
)中的“red”就是定语。
6、状语状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,表示时间、地点、原因、方式、程度等。
比如,“He runs fast” (他跑得很快。
)中的“fast”就是状语。
7、补语补语用于补充说明宾语或主语的情况。
例如,“We made him our monitor” (我们选他当班长。
)中的“our monitor”就是宾语补足语。
二、英语句子结构1、简单句简单句只有一个主谓结构,是最基本的句子类型。
例如,“I love you” (我爱你。
)2、并列句并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句通过并列连词(and, but, or 等)连接而成。
(完整word版)英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习

英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习一、句子的基本结构(5种)1、主语+谓语(s+v)2、主语+系动词+表语(s+l+p)3、主语+谓语+宾语(s+v+o)4、主语+谓语+间接宾语(指人)+直接宾语(指物)(s+v+io+do)5、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(s+v+o+c)二、句子成分:(主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补、同位语、插足语)1. 主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east ()He likes dancing. ()Twenty years is a short time in history. ( ) Seeing is believing. ()To see is to believe.()What he needs is a book.()It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.()(一)指出下列句中主语的中心词① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.② There is an old man coming here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.2. 谓语(predicate):是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。
We study English. He is asleep.(二). 选出句中谓语的中心词① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B.longer C. days D. summer③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast3. 表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
英语划分句子成分练习题及答案

Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(名词化的形容词)
WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.(主语从句)
Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)
Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.(代词)
Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.(数词)
Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.(名词化形容词)
Hepretendednottoseeme.(不定式短语)
HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.(介词短语)
(八)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。可由以下形式表示:
Lighttravelsmostquickly.(副词及副词性词组)
Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.(介词短语)
Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.(方式状语)
Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.(伴随状语)
Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.(目的状语)
Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.(结果状语)
Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.(名词)
英语划分句子成分练习题及答案

英语划分句子成分练习题及答案(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如:During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)We often speak English in class.(代词)One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)(三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下:1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如:He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。
中考英语 句子成分及句子结构和练习

中考英语句子成分及句子结构和练习每个句子里的词与词之间都有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的成分。
在初中英语中,句子的成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语七种。
A)句子成分框架图:1.主语功能与位置由……充当例句主语是一个句子的主体,表示所说的是谁或是什么。
主语一般放在句首,有时在特殊句型中主语放在句中或句末。
名词或名词短语Some students don't like doing homework.一些学生不喜欢做家庭作业。
代词He is a doctor.他是一名医生。
数词Three and five is eight.三加五等于八。
the +形容词/过去分词The rich should help the poor.富人应该帮助穷人。
动词不定式To see is to believe.眼见为实。
动名词Eating more vegetables is good for your health.多吃蔬菜对你的健康有好处。
从句What he said is not true.他说的不是实话。
(一)用横线画出下列句中主语的中心词。
1.The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.2.There is an old man coming here.3.The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.4.To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.2.谓语功能与位置由……充当例句谓语表述主语的行为动作或所处的状态,常位于主语之后,有人称、时态、语态、数的变化。
动词She practises playing the piano everyday.她每天练习弹钢琴。
2019年中考英语专题讲练:句子的基本结构和成分(含解析)

2019年中考英语专题讲练:句⼦的基本结构和成分(含解析)句⼦的基本结构和成分句⼦基本结构和成分知识精讲⼀、句⼦基本结构1. 主谓宾结构:“主谓宾”结构是英⽂表达中最基本的结构,表达“谁做了什么事”,句中的“谁”即主语;“做了”即谓语;“什么事”为宾语。
1). 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),数词,动词不定式,动名词等。
主语⼀般在句⾸。
注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家,如:The boy comes from America. 这个男孩来⾃美国。
He made a speech. 他做了演讲。
Tow and two is four. ⼆乘⼆等于四。
To be a teacher is my dream. 成为⽼师是我的梦想。
Doing a research is a necessary step when you write an essay.当你写论⽂时,做调查是很有必要的⼀步。
2). 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主⾓,⼀般在主语之后,后接宾语。
但谓语可以是不及物动词(vi.),没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:I have arrived. 我已经到了Many changes took place in my hometown.家乡发⽣了很多变化。
注:以下这些词是不及物动词:表发⽣、出现的,如:take place, appear, happen, break out; 表来、去,如:come, go 等3). 宾语:宾语位于及物动词之后,⼀般同主语构成⼀样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是宾格形式,如:me,him,them 等。
除了代词宾格可以作宾语外,名词,动名词,不定式等可以作宾语,如:I will do it tomorrow. 我明天在做(这件事)。
The boy needs a pen. 这个男孩需要⼀只钢笔。
I like swimming. 我喜欢游泳。
英语划分句子成分练习题及答案

英语划分句子成分练习题及答案(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如:During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)We often speak English in class.(代词)One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)(三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下:1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如:He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。
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主动:主语+及物动词 + 宾语/双宾被动:主语(宾格--主格)+ be + done by sb英语句子成分一、主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east.(名词)He likes dancing.(代词)Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. (动名词)To see is to believe. (不定式)What he needs is a book. (主语从句)It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)二、谓语动词(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English. (及物动词)The train left. (不及物动词)He is asleep. (系动词)I can speak two different languages.(情态动词+及物动词)They may be in the classroom. (情态动词+系动词)He didn’t go to Jane’s birthday party yesterday.(助动词+不及物动词)扩展:■动词的分类:根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为行为动词(及物动词vt、不及物动词vi)、系动词、助动词(和行为动词一起构成时态、语态的do, be, have, will等)和情态动词四类。
有些动词是兼类词。
如:We have lunch at 12.我们12点吃午饭。
(have是行为动词)We have been to New York.我们去过纽约。
(have是助动词)I am hungry.我饿了。
(am是系动词)She was beaten on the way home.她在回家的路上被人打了。
(was是助动词)You needn’t have waited for me.你本来不必等我。
(need是情态动词)The door needs painting.这个门需要油漆了。
(needs及物动词)■动词的基本形式绝大多数动词都有五种基本形式:动词原形、一般现在时第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。
A. 第三人称单数形式的构成一般现在时主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词后要加s或es,其变化规则与名词变复数的方法大体相同:1. 一般情况下只在动词后加s,如work—works, write—writes。
2. 以s, x, sh, ch结尾的动词,后加es,如guess—guesses, mix—mix, finish—finishes, catch—catches。
3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,改y为ies,如study—studies。
注:不规则变化的有have—has, be—is, go—goes, do—does等。
B. 现在分词的构成1. 一般情况下在动词后加ing,如study—studying, work—working。
2. 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e再加ing,如write—writing, move—moving。
3. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读音节结尾的动词,要双写末尾一个辅音字母,再加ing,如get—getting, begin—beginning。
4. 以ie结尾的名词,一般将ie改为y,再加ing,如lie—lying, die—dying, tie—tying。
注:(A) 以l结尾的动词,尾音节重读时,双写l,如control—controlling;尾音节不重读时,双不双写都可以,如travel—traveling(美) /travelling(英) 。
(B) 特例:picnic —picnicking。
C. 过去式和过去分词的构成1. 一般情况直接加ed,如ask—asked, work—worked。
2. 以不发音的e结尾,只加d,如love—loved, dance—danced。
3. 以辅音字母加y结尾,把y变为ied,如try—tried, study—studied。
4. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读音节结尾的动词,先双末尾一个字母,再加ed,如stop—stopped, permit—permitted。
注:(A) 以l结尾的动词,尾音节重读时,双写l,如control—controlled;尾音节不重读时,双不双写都可以,如travel—traveled(美) /travelled(英) 。
(B) 特例:picnic—picnicked。
另外,还有很多动词的过去式和过去分词是不合乎上述规则的,需要熟记。
三、表语(predicative)/主语补语: 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. (名词)Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代词)Five and five is ten. (数词)He is asleep. (形容词)His father is in. (副词)The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost.(形容词化的分词)To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. (不定式)The question is whether they will come.(表语从句)常见的系动词有: be(是), sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来),smell(闻起来), taste(尝、吃起来), remain(保持,仍是), feel(感觉) ...More examples:It sounds a good idea.The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet.Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious.The food tastes good.The door remains open.Now I feel tired.The cloth feels soft.四、宾语:1)(及物动词)动作的承受者-----动宾I like China. (名词)He hates you. (代词)How many do you need? We need two. (数词)We should help the old and the poor. (the + adj=某类人)I enjoy working with you. (动名词)I hope to see you again. (不定式)Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake?Under the snow, there are many rocks.3)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some money.五、宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。
We elected him monitor. (名词)We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. (名词)We will make them happy. (形容词)We found nobody in. ( 副词 )Please make yourself at home. (介词短语)Don’t let him do that. (省to不定式)His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带to不定式)Don’t keep the lights burning. (现在分词)I’ll have my bike repaired. (过去分词)扩展:主补:对主语的补充。
He was elected monitor.She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.六、定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词)He is our friend. (代词)We belong to the third world. (数词)He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词)The man over there is my old friend.(副词)The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词短语)The boys playing football are in Class 2. (现在分词)The trees planted last year are growing well now. (过去分词)I have an idea to do it well. (不定式)You should do everything that I do. (定语从句)七、状语:用来修饰v., adj., adv., 或句子。
表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
I will go there tomorrow. 时间The meeting will be held in the meeting room. 地点The meat went bad because of the hot weather. 原因He studies hard to learn English well. 目的He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. 结果I like some of you very much.. 程度If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 条件He goes to school by bike. 方式Though he is young, he can do it well. 让步八、同位语当一个概念词在前,后面的词、词组或者句子是在解释前者时,而且两者的语法功能相同,后者就是前者的同位语。