gerund动名词
什么是非谓语动词
什么是非谓语动词？非谓语动词（Non-finite Verb）是指不具备人称和数的特征，不能作为句子的谓语动词使用的动词形式。
在英语中，非谓语动词分为动词不定式（Infinitive）、动名词（Gerund）和分词（Participle）。
以下是关于非谓语动词的详细解释和使用指导：1. 动词不定式（Infinitive）：动词不定式是动词的一种形式，一般以"to"开头，例如"to go"、"to eat"等。
动词不定式可以用作名词、形容词或副词的补语，也可以用作动词的宾语、主语或宾语补足语。
例如：-名词补语：I want to go home.（我想回家。
）-形容词补语：He is happy to help.（他很高兴帮忙。
）-副词补语：She woke up early to catch the train.（她早早醒来以赶上火车。
）-动词宾语：They decided to take a vacation.（他们决定去度假。
）-动词主语：To learn a new language is challenging.（学习一门新语言是具有挑战性的。
）-动词宾语补足语：They considered him to be the best candidate.（他们认为他是最好的候选人。
）2. 动名词（Gerund）：动名词是动词的一种形式，以"-ing"结尾，例如"going"、"eating"等。
动名词可以用作名词的主语、宾语、表语或介词的宾语。
例如：-主语：Swimming is my favorite sport.（游泳是我最喜欢的运动。
）-宾语：She enjoys reading books.（她喜欢读书。
）-表语：His hobby is painting.（他的爱好是绘画。
英语中动词如何转换成名词
动词如何转换成名词动名词（Gerund）和不定词（Infinitive）1. 动名词（Gerund）所谓动名词，乃是将一个动词，字尾加上ing，一夜之间，这个动词就可以当作名词用了。
请看以下的例子：I like singing.Playing basketball is good for you.Do you enjoy listening to classical music?Is traveling around the world meaningful to you?Studying English is not difficult.1.动名词可用作主词，如Playing tennis is enjoyed by many people.Taking drugs is avoided by most people.Being kind to others is important for every one.Respecting your parents shows good character.2.动名词可以用作动词的受词，如I enjoy studying English.He does not mind walking long distances.I have never enjoyed being alone in my life.He loves swimming.3.动名词可以用作介系词（preposition）的受词，英文里有很多介系词，at, in,about, of, on等等都是介系词，介系词后面必定跟一个名词，也是它的受词，举例来说on the tablein my homeabout Hitlerof my lifeon this island各位一定注意到，每一个介系词后面都有一个名词，作为它的受词。
动名词是可以作为介系词的受词的，如：This book is about traveling.He is responsible for cleaning the kitchen.My brother is capable of writing programs.You just keep on going straight.在下面，我们要给各位更多有关gerund的例子，各位不妨看看每一个句子中，那个动名词是作什么用的。
动词的非谓语动词形式讲解
动词的非谓语动词形式讲解非谓语动词是指不作为动词谓语的动词形式，分为动词不定式、动名词和现在分词三种形式。
1. 动词不定式（infinitive）：是动词的一种形式，一般由“to +动词原形”构成，如：to eat（吃）、to go（去）等。
动词不定式可以用作主语、宾语、定语、状语等。
例句：- To study is important.（学习很重要。
）（作主语）- I like to eat pizza.（我喜欢吃披萨。
）（作宾语）- He has a book to read.（他有一本要读的书。
）（作定语）- She went to the park to play.（她去公园玩。
）（作状语）2. 动名词（gerund）：是动词的一种形式，以-ing结尾，并且具有名词的性质，如：eating（吃）、going（去）等。
动名词可以用作主语、宾语、定语、状语等。
例句：- Swimming is my favorite sport.（游泳是我最喜欢的运动。
）（作主语）- I enjoy dancing with my friends.（我喜欢和朋友一起跳舞。
）（作宾语）- Do you mind me smoking here?（你介意我在这里抽烟吗？）（作宾语）- The boy standing over there is my brother.（那边站着的男孩是我弟弟。
）（作定语）3. 现在分词（present participle）：是动词的一种形式，以-ing 结尾，并且具有形容词和副词的性质，如：running（跑步）、sleeping （睡觉）等。
现在分词可以用作定语和状语等。
例句：- I saw a boy running in the park.（我在公园看到一个跑步的男孩。
）（作定语）- She entered the room, smiling.（她微笑着走进了房间。
）（作状语）非谓语动词在句子中可以替代名词、形容词、副词等部分，具有较大的灵活性和广泛的用法。
6.动名词-Gerund
Gerund动名词非谓语动词•英语中，不作句子的谓语，而是用于担任其它语法功能的v ，叫非谓语动词，它不受主语人称、数等因素的限定，又被称作非限定动词。
•三大非谓语动词：动名词，分词和不定式。
动名词的语法功能•作主语•Seeing is believing.•Listening to music is one of my hobbies.•Studying abroad has many advantages.•Getting to know the world is what the future society requires of us.习惯用法•A. I t i s n o u s e/g o o d/h a r m+V i n g.It is no use quarreling with her. It’s no use crying over the spilt milk.•B. T h e r e i s n o+V i n g.There is no denying (the fact) that women are playing an important role in the world today.There is no joking about this matter. 这事开不得玩笑。
作表语•作表语•My favorite pastime is collecting stamps.•Her hobby is swimming and cycling.•One of the good virtues of a young person is being punctual. •My job is teaching.•One of the most difficult tasks you may encounter is learning a foreign language.作动词宾语•作动词宾语•She enjoys listening to rock music.•We appreciate your offering to help.•We must avoid making such mistakes again.•People who like travelling have their reasons.跟动名词作宾语的v.及v. phrase•常见的能跟动名词作宾语的v.及v. phrase:•admit, appreciate, avoid, confess to, consider, delay, deny, endure(忍耐), enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy(想象), finish, forbid, imagine, mind, miss, permit, postpone, practice, risk, can't help, feel like, give up, keep out, object to (反对), oppose, put off(推迟).•注意：动名词作宾语后面带有补语，一般不用形式宾语it。
动词加ing规则
动词加ing规则动词加ing规则是英语中一种用法，它可以通过在动词后面直接加上-ing形式的词尾来构成动名词（gerund）或者现在分词（present participle）。
这种用法可以使句子更加丰富和多样化，并且在语法上也有一些特定规则。
首先，动词加ing规则可以用来构成动名词，也就是表示一种动作、状态或者想法的词。
动名词可以作为主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等在句子中发挥不同的作用。
例如：- Smoking is harmful to your health.（吸烟对健康有害。
）- Playing basketball is his favorite hobby.（打篮球是他最喜欢的爱好。
）- I enjoy reading novels in my spare time.（我喜欢在业余时间阅读小说。
）此外，动词加ing规则也可以用来构成现在分词，表示正在进行或者同时发生的动作。
现在分词通常与助动词be一起构成进行时态，或者与其他动词一起构成复合时态。
例如：- She is sleeping right now.（她正在睡觉。
）- They were studying when the phone rang.（电话响的时候，他们正在学习。
）- He is always complaining about his job.（他总是抱怨自己的工作。
）在动词加ing规则中，还有一些特殊情况需要额外注意。
首先是以不发音的-e结尾的动词。
当这类动词在后面添加-ing时，需要去掉末尾的-e再加上-ing。
例如：- write -> writing（写作）- make -> making（做）- come -> coming（来）另外一种情况是以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词。
当这类动词的最后一个音节只有一个辅音字母加一个元音字母组成时，需要先双写这个辅音字母，再加上-ing。
例如：- stop -> stopping（停止）- sit -> sitting（坐）- run -> running（跑）此外，还有一些动词本身就是以-ing结尾的，它们是现在分词形式，如going（去）和coming（来）。
动名词
动名词（Gerund）1.形式：doing或者是doing sth.它有宾语归根结底是名词，那么它最后的落脚点是名词。
说明它功能上是名词，它起着名词的作用。
2.功能：名词3.作用：主语、宾语、表语、定语一、作主语动名词它表示的是经常发生的行为或惯常的动作。
Getting up early is my habit.Listening to music is my hobby.Seeing is believing.二、作表语My job is teaching students English.Teaching students English is my job.My job is to teach children a song.(暂时性）三、作定语名词+to do（不定式作定语）doing+名词（被修饰的名词的用途）→名词which is used for doing... 名词是用来做这个动作的。
a waiting room→a room which is used for waitinga sleeping car→a car which is used for sleeping 卧铺车厢a washing machine→a machine which is used for washing作定语的话，一般是指这个所修饰的名词的用途。
dressing table 梳妆台walking stick 拐杖但是，现在分词它表示的是正在进行的动作。
the sleeping boy (a boy who is sleeping) (现在分词）a sleeping car (a car which is used for sleeping) (动名词) 总结：分词与动名词的区别分词：n+ that is doing...动名词：n+which is used for doing...四、作宾语宾语：分介词宾语和动词宾语1.介词宾语I am fond of playing football.I feel like playing football.I am interested in play football.2.动词宾语只能接动名词的动词：联想记忆法：me me s p c ka fi da (妹妹是不吃咖啡的）M:mind E:escape M:miss E:enjoyS:suggest (recommend,risk) P:practise C:consider K:keep A:advise F:finish I:imagine (include)D:dislike (delay) A:allow (avoid,appreciate,admit)Do you mind closing the door?I enjoyed listening to music.I suggest going there at once.只能接动名词的词组：1.实义词组give up,put off, can’t help, feel like, can’t bear/stand/resist2.带有介词to的词组lead to, look forward to, on one’s way to, stick to, devote...to, apply oneself to3.搭配sb be/get used to do...习惯于做......I am used to getting up early.注意：used to do...(过去常常做......)和be/get used to do...（习惯于做......）经常混淆。
英文语法漫谈-谈谈动名词(Gerund
英文语法漫谈-谈谈动名词（Gerund你听过英文语法有动词(verb)、名词(noun)；但你听过有动名词(gerund)吗？在还没谈动名词之前，让我们先看看下面的句子：1.The girl is singing a song.2.The girl singing now is my sister.3.Singing is one of her hobbies(爱好).三个句子中都有singing。
第一个句子的singing是常见的现在进行式(Present Continuous)，是说眼下正在做什么；第二个句子的singing是现在分词(PresentParticiple)，它把sing这个动词转为形容词，但仍有动词的成份（哈哈，这么一说，要把你搞晕了吧 :-) 。
关于分词，以后有空再谈吧，OK？）。
好戏在后头，你看看第三个句子的singing到底是什么东东呀？原来就是我们的主角动名词(Gerund)了！你看，sing原本是个动词，可是现在它加上ing后，看来竟像是一个名词了。
怎么，好玩吧？因此记住，不要以为一个动词加上ing后都是现在进行式呀！动名词可分为两大类：一、名词性的动名词(Nominal Gerund)Nominal Gerund 可以加上定冠词(Definite article，如 the)或不定冠词(Indefinite article，如 a, an)，其他可加在动名词前的还有如：my, this, some,any, all, no 等等。
举例如下：1. The mellow(愉快地) singing of the birds announces the coming of spring.(singing前加定冠词 the及形容词mellow；coming 前加 the)2.We knew the robber was near when we heard a faint rustling(沙沙声) in the bushes.(rustling 前加不定冠词a及形容词 faint)从上面的例子可看出如何将一个动词转成名词；但它和真正的名词还是有区别的，那就是没有单数或复数之分。
非谓语动词的用法讲解
6.学生们认为玩电脑游戏很有趣。
Students thought______________________. it interesting to play think computer games. 形式宾语 consider it + adj.+ to do find make feel
如何解决这个问题很重要。 (主语)
How to solve the problem is very important.
我的问题是什么时候开始。 (表语)
My question is when to start.
•关于省略
(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要 省略该动词. e.g.: Would you like to go with me ? Yes,______. A. I’d like to B.I’d like to go (2). 不定式是to be 结构, be 不可省. e.g.: Would you like to be a teacher? Yes, _______. A.I’d like to be. B. I’d like to.
非谓语动词
语法讲解
非谓语动词的类型:
Infinitive 不定式
Gerund 动名词 Participle 分词
Infinitive:
Structure : to do
Negative (否定): not to do Passive voice: to be done
(1). 主语 Subject
不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时,如 果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么 介词后的不定式不带to, 相反则带to.
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动名词的时态
动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受 者，动名词用被动语态。 一般时 being done 完成时 having been done I don’t like being laughed at in public. I am very pleased at your having been honoured with a medal.
五、作定语 动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。 a walking stick ＝a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing 六、作补语 I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul. This is called turning things upside down.
动名词的逻辑主语
2 当动名词作宾语时，其逻辑主语通常用名词 的普通格或代词的宾格。如果是指人的代词， 也可以用物主代词。 I don’t mind you/your delaying making the decision. I hate the children quarrelling all the time.
Gerund
动名词的作用 一、作主语
1. 直接位于句首做主语。 Swimming is a good sport in summer. 2. 用 it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于 句尾作后置主语。 It is no use telling him not to worry. 常见的此类句型有：“It is no use...”，“It is no good...”，“It is fun...”，“It is a waste of time…” 3. 用于“There be”结构中。例如： There is no saying when he‘ll come.
8 advise,allow,encourage,forbid,permit 后接动名词作宾语，或带不定式作宾语补足语。 Our teachers don't permit swimming in the lake. Our teachers don't permit us to swim in the lake. 9 like, hate, prefer 如果表示一般喜好，多用动名词作宾语；如指 特定的或具体某次行动，用不定式 They prefer walking to cycling. I prefer to stay at home today.
动名词的语态
一般时 not doing 完成时 having never done He was nervous from having never before spoken in public. My father suggests not going there.
动名词的否定式
比较不定式和动名词作宾语： 1 forget doing/to do forget to do 忘记要去做某事。 (未做) forget doing 忘记做过某事。 (已做) The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off. He forgot turning the light off. remember doing/to do（记得做过/去做） regret doing/to do（后悔做过/去做）
10 deserve, need, require, want 作“应得，应受”和“需要”讲时，后面接动 名词的主动语态来表示被动意义，或接不定式 的被动语态。 The floor requires washing immediately.= The floor requires to be washed immediately. 四、作同位语 His habit, running in the fresh morning air, remains unchanged.
当动名词作主语，宾语时，有时需要在动名词 前加上一个逻辑主语来说明动作是由谁发出的。 1 当动名词作主语时，其逻辑主语通常用物主 代词或名词所有格。 Her coming to help encouraged all of us. Mary’s coming home is a great pleasure to her family.
4 try doing/to do try to do 努力，企图做某事。 try doing 试验，试着做某事。 You must try to be more careful. I tried gardening but didn't succeed. 5 go on doing/to do go on to do 做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。 go on doing 继续做原来做的事。 After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics. Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one.
三、作宾语 某些动词后只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定 式。常见的此类动词有：advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, give up, cannot help, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, delay, practise, resist, suggest, depend on, succeed in, worry about, burst out, insist on, can’t stand, be used to, devote…to…, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to等。 They went on walking and never stopped talking.
6 be afraid of doing/to do be afraid to do 不敢，胆怯去做某事，"怕"； be afraid of doing 担心出现doing的状况、结 果。 意为"生怕，恐怕"。 She is afraid to see you again. She is afraid of falling behind the others. 7 mean doing/to do mean to do 打算、想 mean doing 意味着 I didn’t mean to hurt you. To raise wage means increasing purchasing power.
4. 动名词的复合结构作主语 Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 二、作表语 Your task is cleaning the windows. 当句子中的主语和表语都是非限定动词时，要 遵循前后一致的原则，主语和表语在形式上要 求统一： Seeing is believing. To see is to believe.
2 stop doing/to do stop to do 停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。 stop doing 停止做某事。 They stop to smoke a cigarette. I must stop smoking.. 3 cease doing/to do cease to do 长时间，甚至永远停做某事。 cease doing 短时停止做某事，以后还接着做。 That department has ceased to exist forever. The girls ceased chatting for a moment.
1、动名词一般式表示的动作通常是一般性动作， 即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作， 或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作。 I hate talking with such people. remember having met him before. He denied having been there.