英国文学British Literature
英国文学
British Literature 英国文学The Middle Age 中世纪文学( 约5 世纪---1485)Geoffrey Chaucer 杰弗里·乔叟（1343---1400）Chaucer is regarded as the first short story teller and the first modern poet in English literature. He innovate the heroic couplet and he is regarded as “Father of English Poetry”首创英雄诗行，即五步抑扬格双韵体（the heroic couplet），被誉为“英国诗歌之父”。
乔叟翻译过法国诗歌，其早期的文学创作受到法国文学的影响。
两次游历欧洲文艺复兴的发源地意大利后，乔叟接触到意大利文学，深受以但丁（Dante, 1265---1321）、彼特拉克（Petrarch, 1304---1347）和薄伽丘(Boccaccio, 1313---1375)等作家为代表的意大利人文主义文学的影响。
乔叟去世后安葬在威斯敏斯特教堂（Westminster Abbey）,从此威斯敏斯特教堂的一角便成为大诗人安息的“诗人角”（the Poet’s Corner）代表作：《公爵夫人之书》（Book of the Duchess）（1836）《声誉之宫》（The House of Fame）（1374---1384）《百鸟会议》（The Parliament of Fowls）（1380）《特罗勒斯与克丽西德》（Troilus and Criseyde）（1380---1385）《坎特伯雷故事集》（The Canterbury Tales）（1386---1400）Renaissance 文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期---17世纪初）William Shakespeare 威廉·莎士比亚莎士比亚从1590年起至1613年，一共创作了38（或39）部戏剧包括悲剧、戏剧、编年史剧、传奇剧等，另外还创作有154首十四行诗和2首长诗（Venus and Adonis，1593）。
英国文学简介--General Introduction to British Literature
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, 1375-1400
Medieval Literature
Geoffrey Chaucer He is regarded as the father of English
poetry. The Canterbury Tales is his
3. 17th Century British Literature
John Bunyan He is a religious novelist whose
style was modeled after that of the English Bible. His language is concrete and vivid. His masterpiece, The Pilgrim's Progress, is the most successful religious allegory.
英国文学课件1
2. General Prologue
1) general framework a group of vivid sketches of medieval figures from different walks of life (except the highest and lowest)
1. Influenced by Dante, Petrarch, Boccaccio The House of Fame (1372—80) Legend of Good Women (1380—86) 2. English period (1387—1400)
III. The Canterbury Tales (1387-1400)
英国文学 British Literature
LITERATURE Novels, plays, and poetry are referred to as literature, especially when they are considered to be good or important. The literature on a particular subject of study is all the books and articles that have been published about it Literature is written information produced by people who want to sell you something or give you advice.
Early and medieval British Literature “Beowulf” ---the national epic of the English people. The Anglo-Saxon Period(10661350) Sir Gawain and Green Knight Popular Ballads Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400)
英国文学简介--General Introduction to British Literature
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, 1375-1400
Medieval Literature
Geoffrey Chaucer He is regarded as the father of English poetry. The Canterbury Tales is his masterpiece. He presents, for the first time in English literature, a comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval English society and creates a whole gallery of vivid characters from all works of life. It was Chaucer who made London dialect the foundation for modern English speech. His characterization is vivid.
Reading British literary works can enable us to gain deeper insights into its culture.
Different stages of British Literature
1. Medieval Literature (approximately from 500 BC to 1485) Beowulf Beowulf, a typical example of Old English poetry, is regarded as the greatest national epic of the AngloSaxons. The epic describes the heroic deeds of a Scandinavian hero, Beowulf, in fighting against the monster Grendel, his revengeful mother, and a fire-breathing dragon. The poem conveys a hope that the righteous will triumph over the evil.
19世纪英国文学
Charles Dickens (1812-1870)
His Life
in 1836 Sketches by Boz 《博兹特写集》
married
articles for humorous pictures
popular
Worked without rest
Pickwick Papers 《匹克威克外传》 died at 58
英国著名浪漫主义诗人雪莱的第二任妻子， 英国著名小说家，因其1818创作的文学 史上第一部科幻小说《弗兰肯斯坦》，被誉 为科幻 小说之母。 代表作品： 《弗兰肯斯坦》，《最后一个人》，《永 生者》 Mary Shelley： was an English novelis, short story writer, dramatist, essayist,biographer, and travel writer, best known for her Gothic novel Frankenstein or The Modern Prometheus (1818). She also edited and promoted the works of her husband, the Romantic poet and philosopher Percy Bysshe Shelley. Her father was the political philosopher William Godwin, and her mother was the philosopher and feminist Mary Wollstonecraft----the author of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792) and the novel The Wrongs of Woman
British literature 1英国文学
V. Romanticism
* William Wordsworth: ―Lyrical Ballads‖
* Samuel Coleridge: ―The Ancient Mariner‖
* George Gordon Byron: ―Don Juan‖
* Percy Bysshe Shelley: ―Prometheus Unbound‖ * John Keats: ―Ode to a Nightingale‖
* Jonathan Swift: Gulliver’s Travels * Daniel Defoe: Robinson Crusoe * Henry Fielding: Tom Jones * William Blake: The Marriage of Heaven and Hell * Sentimentalism: Oliver Goldsmith: ―The Deserted Village‖ Thomas Gray: ―Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard‖
* other forms: natural science philosophy history law graphic novels/comic books films, videos and broadcast have carved out a niche which often parallels the functionality of prose fiction. iii. Expectation of you 1. To get acknowledged with the history and framework of British literature. 2. To view literature from a literary perspective and accomplish one mid-term essay. 3. To fulfill the assignment after class.
英国文学史大纲
A Brief Outline of British Literature（英国文学概要）I. The early and Medieval literature（早期和中世纪文学）1. Beowulf （贝奥武夫，有记载的最早的一部英国文学作品）2. Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales。
（杰弗里乔叟的坎特伯雷故事集）II. The English Renaissance (1485-1603) （英国文艺复兴时期）1. Edmund Spence r’s The Shepherd's Calendar and Faerie Queen（埃德蒙斯宾塞的牧羊人日记和精灵女王）2. Francis Bacon’s Essays（弗朗西斯培根的散文）3. William Shakespeare’s dramas（威廉莎士比亚的戏剧）III. The 17th century (1603-1660)1. The English Revolution （英国革命）2. John Milton’s Paradise Lost（弥尔顿的失乐园）3. John Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress（约翰班扬的天路历程）IV. The Restoration and the 18th Century (1660-1798) （复辟与十八世纪）1. enlightenment （启蒙运动）2. neo-classicism:（新古典主义）a. John Dryden’s dramas（约翰德来端的戏剧）b. Ale xander Pope’s The Rape of the Lock （亚历山大蒲柏的夺发记）c. Richard Steele and Joseph Addison's essays（理查德斯蒂尔和约瑟夫艾迪生的散文）d. Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary（赛缪尔约翰逊的词典）3. rise of the novel writing:（小说创作的兴起）a. Daniel DeFoe’s Robinson Crusoe（丹尼尔笛福的鲁滨逊漂流记）b. Janathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels（贾纳森斯威夫特的格列佛游记）V. The Age of Romanticism (1798-1830)（浪漫主义时代）1. Pre-Romanticism : （前浪漫主义）a. William Blake （威廉布雷克英国诗人和画家）b. Robert Burn （罗伯特彭斯）c. William Wordsworth（威廉华兹华斯英国诗人）2. Romanticism （浪漫主义）a. P. B. Shelley （Percy Bysshe Shelley 珀西比西雪莱）b. G. G. Byron（George Gordon Byron 乔治戈登拜伦）c. J. Keats（John Keats 约翰济慈）3. Jane Austen’s novels（简奥斯丁小说）VI. The Victorian Age (1832-1901)（维多利亚时代）1. industrial revolution （工业革命）2. realism （现实主义）a. Charles Dickens （查尔斯狄更斯英国作家）b. Thomas Hardy（托马斯哈代英国小说家）c. Bronte sisters（勃朗特三姐妹）d. George Eliot（乔治艾略特）3. aestheticism: Oscar Wilde （唯美主义，奥斯卡王尔德）VII. The 20th century (1901-)1. two world wars（两次世界大战）2. modernism（现代主义）3. psychological fiction and stream of consciousness (心理小说与意识流)a. D. H. Lawrence （David Herbert Lawrence大卫赫伯特劳伦斯）b. James Joyce（詹姆斯乔伊斯）c. Virginia Woolf（弗吉尼亚伍尔夫）4. Poetry（诗歌）Definition of Literature ：Literature refers to All written or spoken compositions ( discourses) designed to tell stories, dramatize situations and reveal thoughts and emotions, and also more importantly, to interest, entertain, stimulate, broaden and ennoble readers. （文学的定义：文学是所有口头或书面的成分设计讲故事，戏剧化情况，揭示思想和情感，而且更重要的是，兴趣，娱乐，刺激，拓宽和授予爵位的读者。
Timeline of British Literature 英国文学时间线
– Life centered around ancestral tribes/clans that ruled themselves
– At first, tribes/clans were warriors from invading outlying areas
– The printing press helps stabilize English as a language and allows more people to read a variety of literature
– Economy changes from farm-based to international trade
– “Morality Plays”
• Chivalric code of honor
– Knights, their ladies fair
• Religious devotion • Romances
Medieval Period
• Style / Genre
– Oral tradition continues – Folk Ballads
– Kenning
• A poetic phrase used in place of the usual name of a person or thing
• Ex: “A wave traveler” for “A boat”
Medieval Period
• Church instructs its people through the morality and miracle plays
Romanticism
• 1785-1830 • A literary, artistic, and intellectual
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“Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtile; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.” --- Of Studies
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Romanticism: subjectivism rather than objectivism, “the
heart” rather than “the head”
Characteristic feature of the romantic movement Lake poets: Lyrical Ballads Active Romanticists Romantic Novelists
Style of Writing
Blank verse is characterized by its employment of long and involved sentences. Another characteristic of his style is the use of allusions(隐喻）to other works, especially the classic works.
Lake Poets
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William Wordsworth (1770-1850) Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834) Robert Southey (1774-1843)
Actk
George Gordon Byron (1788-1824): Don Juan Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822): Prometheus Unbound “A Defence of Poetry” John Keats (1795-1821)
对天生的尤物我们要求蕃盛， 以便美的玫瑰永远不会枯死， 但开透的花朵既要及时雕零， 就应把记忆交给娇嫩的后嗣； 但你，只和你自己的明眸定情， 把自己当燃料喂养眼中的火焰， 和自己作对，待自己未免太狠， 把一片丰沃的土地变成荒田。 你现在是大地的清新的点缀， 又是锦绣阳春的唯一的前锋， 为什么把富源葬送在嫩蕊里， 温柔的鄙夫，要吝啬，反而浪用？ 可怜这个世界吧，要不然，贪夫， 就吞噬世界的份，由你和坟墓。
Medieval English Literature
Chaucer
Historic Background
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(1340?-1400)
The Canterbury Tales
Historic Background
The Hundred Years’ War between England and France---awakening of national consciousness The peasant uprising of 1381
Romantic Novelists
Walter Scott (1771-1832) Jane Austen (1775-1817)
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Victorian Literature
Victorianism Victorian novelists Victorian Poets Victorian Drama
The 17th Century English Literature
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The King James Bible Francis Bacon (1561-1626) Essays John Milton (1631-1700)
John Milton
He is generally regarded as a literary giant in English literature. His masterpieces include: Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes.
Significance
It is the most important work in Middle Ages. It gives a comprehensive picture of medieval life. The dramatic structure of the poem has been highly commended by critics. It is a collection of stories told with superb poetic craft.
The English Renaissance
Background William Shakespeare Shakespeare’s works: Plays--tragedies, comedies and chronicle plays Poetries---sonnets
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William Shakespeare
Early and Medieval English Literature
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Old English Literature Medieval English Literature
Old English Literature
Anglo-Saxon Poetry Romance The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle---the foundation of English history
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Victorian Novelists
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Charles Dickens (1812-1870) William Makepeace Thackeray (18111863) The Bronte sisters Thomas Hardy (1840-1928)
Romance
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In the original sense of the word, it means the native language, as opposed to Latin, and later it means a tale in verse, embodying the life and adventures of knights. The most popular kind of literature in Middle Ages Central character – the knight Theme – loyalty to king and lord Three categories: the mater of France, the mater of Rome and the mater of Britain Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人 周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重， 逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。
The 18th Century English Literature
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NeoClassicism: reason rather than emotion, form
rather than content
British Literature
An Overall View of British Literature
Old and Middle English Literature The Sixteenth Century The Seventeenth Century The Eighteenth Century The Age of Romanticism Victorian Literature The Twentieth Century
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Anglo-Saxon Poetry
Beowulf
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The Anglo-Saxon epic poem. It is the most important poem of the earliest heroic poetry. It marks the beginning of the English literature. Alliteration——initial rhyme, head rhyme Metaphors
Characteristic feature of the romantic movement
Subjectivism Spontaneity Singularity Worship of nature Simplicity There is a dominating note of melancholy（忧郁） in the poem of the romantic poets. It was an age of poetry by which the poets outpoured their feelings and emotions.
Background
Historical background:
England enjoyed a period of peace and prosperity during the reign of Queen Elizabeth(1558-1603).
The enclosure movement:
Samuel Johnson (1709-1784) Jonathan Swift (1667-1745) Daniel Defoe(1661-1731) PreRomanticists: Robert Burns(1759-1796) & William Blake(1757-1827)
The Age of Romaticism(1789-1832)
He was an English dramatist and poet in the Elizabethan age. He is generally regarded as the greatest playwright in English literature.