key words
人教版本PEP小学英语教材学习知识梳理.docx
人教版 PEP小学英语教材知识梳理（3-6 年级）小学英语三年级上册教材梳理1. Key words of each unit:Unit Topic Key words （三会）四会U 1Greetings ruler, pencil, eraser, crayon, bag pen, pencil box, book.bagU 2Colours red, green, yellow, blue, black, brown, white, orange.redU 3Body face, ear, eye,nose, mouth,arm, hand, head, body leg, foot.noseU 4Animals duck, pig, cat, bear, dog, elephant, monkey, bird, tiger,pigpanda, zooU5Food bread, juice, egg, milk, water, cake, fish, rice.cakeU 6birthday one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten.four2. Main sentences in the text.Unit Topic Sentences备注：红色的句子建议指导U 1Greetings Hello, I ’m Wu Yifan./Hi, I’m Sarah.孩子进行简单的书空，有能I have a ruler/an eraser.力的学生可以练习书写，培What ’s your name /My name’s John.养学生的对句子的书写习惯Goodbye!/Bye, Miss White.和意识。
并且这些句子要进U 2Colours Mr Jones, this is Miss Green.行替换性练习和造句。
key words unit 1
Unit1Part A (1)•Post-secondary study（高等）教育•Adjust sth/to sth （使）适应It is difficult to adjust one's habits to someone else.他很难使自己的习惯适于他人。
•Be aware of 意识到I am acutely aware of the difficulties we face.我十分清楚我们面临的困难。
•Be better prepared for sth 为某事做好准备In the longer term, Americans must be better prepared to succeed inthe global,high-tech economy.长远看来，美国人要在全球化和高新科技经济体里成功必须要做好充足准备。
•Be expected to有望做某事Scientists, of course, can be expected to be impartial and disinterested.当然，人们会认为科学家们理所当然是公正客观的。
•Monitor [ 'mɔnitə ] 监督vt.Officials were not allowed to monitor the voting.以前不允许官员监督投票。
•Instructor [ in'strʌktə ] 讲师n.The college jumped him from instructor to full professor.学院突然把他从讲师越级提升为正教授。
•Contact [ 'kɔntækt ] 联系n.We have good contacts with the local community.我们与当地社区关系甚好。
•Feedback [ 'fi:dbæk ] 反馈n.We need more feedback from the consumer in order to improve our goods.我们需要从消费者那里多得到些反馈信息以提高产品质量.•Group project 小组习作•Be critical to 对…至关重要Performance evaluation is critical to human resource management.绩效考评对人力资源管理很重要.•Be based on 以…为基础The movie is based on a real-life incident.这部电影以现实生活中的一件事为基础。
key words
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•பைடு நூலகம்
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装运港船上交货（FREE ON d port of shipment,缩写FOB）装运港船上交货是一种传统的常用的国际贸 易术语，在采用这一贸易术语时，卖方需在合同规定的装货港和在规定的时间，将货物交到买方指定的船上，以履 行其交货义务。买卖双方所承担的有关货物的费用和风险均以船舷为界，及货物在装运港装船越过船舷以前的风险 和费用由卖方承担，越过船舷以后转移于买方，由买方承担。 装运港船上交货条件，要求卖方负责出口结关手续，包括申领出口许可证，报关及交纳出口关税等。 成本加运费（CFR），成本加保险费与运费（CIF）卖方需负责签订将货物运输到目的地的运输合同，并支付运 费，但货物风险都是在出口国的交货地点由卖方转移于买方，货物在运输途中的风险均由买方承担，因此，均属于 装运合同（SHIPPMENT CONTRACT）而不属于到货合同（ARRIVAL CONTRACT）。C 组术语和F 组术语均属于装运合同， 成本加运费（COST AND d port of destination,缩写CFR），成本加运费术语原来的缩写为C&F，它 是一种传统的、常用的国际贸易术语，采用这一贸易术语时，卖方需负责订立运输合同，按买卖合同的时间，按买 卖合同规定的时间在装运港将货物装运到船上并支付将货物运到目的地的运费，但货物的风险在转货港越过船舷后 所发生的灭失或损坏的风险以及因发生意外事件而引起的一切额外费用应由买方承担。这一点与船上交货（FOB） 术语是不同的。 成本保险费加运费（COST INSURANCE AND FREIGHT NAMED PORT OF DESTINATION，缩写CIF）“成本保险费加 运费”是一种传统的常用的国际贸易术语，在采用这一贸易术语时，卖方除承担与“成本加运费”（CFR）相同的义 务外，还应负责输货物运输保险并支付保险费，但卖方的义务仅限于投保最低的保险险别，即平安险，至于货物的 风险则与“成本加运费”（CFR）和船上交货（FOB）条件是一样的，都是在装运港船越过船舷时由卖方移转于买方。
Key Words
ｑ■－
【 ａｄ 】 ｘｉ ｔ 【Ｏｄ ｅ ｔ Ｓ ｓ ｓ］
【 ａＳ ｑ ￣ａ ｒ ［ｏ ］ ｒ ｚ 【ｋ ｐ ｌ ＾ ｏ】
干 净 并 井 然 有 序 的 建议
ｒ ｔｅ （ ｄ ） ａｈ ｒ ａ ｖ ｒ ｓ ｎ ｏ ｅ（ ） ＋ ｏ ｐｅ（ ） ｃ ｕ ｌ ｎ
花
ｎ ａ （ｄ） ｅ ｔａ ｊ ｂ ｔｅ （） ｏｈ ｒＶ
ｒ＿ — — —— — ＇ ＇
【ｉ ｎｔ ］
［ｂ ６ ＇ｏ ｍ】
整 洁 有 序 的
＋ ｏ ｒ ｎ ｌ ｆ ｗｅ （ ）
ｒ ａ ｍ】 ｌ ｆｕ
使 烦扰 不安
－ 匠 ｜ 而 显－
ｓ ｇ ｅ ｔ Ｖ ｕ ｇ ｓ （）
宁可 ；更喜 欢
玫 瑰
ｔｒ ｗ （） ｈ ｏ Ｖ ｐｃ ｐ（ ｈ ） ｉｋｕ Ｖｐ ｒ
ｉ ｎ（ ） ｒ ｏ Ｖ ｌ ｅｙ（ ｄ） ｉ ｌ ａｊ ｋ ｉ ｆ Ｖ ｘ（）
［ｒ］ Ｏ ｏ
丢 掷 ；扔
收 拾整 理
情 侣 ；夫妻
接 吻 ； 亲 吻 中国新 年 （ 历新 年） 农
Ｕ ｜ ｕ
口
Ｉ
Ｊ ｉ ｅａｎ ｕｌ ｃｌ ｅ ｓ ｏｕｔｈ ｌ ｅ ｃ ｏｎ ｈ ｅｒｃ ｏｓ ｔｏｎ ｅ ａ ｍ ｔ
Ｇ ｒ ｎｄｍａ ｇ ｖ ａｒ ｏ ｐ ａ ｉ ｅｓ ｃ ｄｓ ｔ ｅｏｐ ｅ ｏｎ ｔ ｉ ｂｉｔ ａｙ ｌ ｈｅ ｒ ｒｈｄ ｓ Ｖａｌ ｔ ｎｅ ｓ Ｄａ ｓ Ｓｕ ａｎ ｓ ｆ ｏｒ ｅ ｈ ｉ ｙ Ｓｈ ｏ ｅｓ ｅｎ ｉ ’ ｙ ｉ ｓ ’ ａｖ ｉ ｏｌ ｔ ｄａ ． ｅ ｌｖ ｃ ｅｂｒ ｔ ｔ ｒ ｈ ｂ ｄ． ｅｌ ａ ｉ ｗｉ ｈｅ ｕｓ ａｎ ｎｇ ｈ
key Words and Phrases
IN THE LONG RUN
从长远来看, 终究 从长远看, 物价肯定要涨。
In the long run prices are bound to rise.
IN CASE OF
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万一, 如果,发生 如果失火, 就赶快朝最近的门跑。 In case of fire, walk quickly to the nearest door. 防备 The wall was built along the river in case of floods. 沿河筑了防护墙以防洪水。 Take a spare tire along in case of need. 带个备用轮胎去, 以备不时之需。 In case of sth= in case that clause
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PHENOMENON/PHENOMENA
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n. 1.现象
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One of the businesses of the sociologists is to study the social phenomenon.
社会学家的任务之一是研究社会现象。
2.特殊的人[事物]，杰出的人，非凡的人（或事 物） Beethoven was a phenomenon among many musicians. 贝多芬是众多的音乐家中的天才。
RESENTFUL/RESENTMENT
adj. 1.感到愤恨的, 表示愤恨的, 憎恨的 他对前妻怨恨极深。 He felt deeply resentful towards his ex-wife. 她对他的讲话方式不满。 She is resentful at the way he speaks.
Key words 3.A
【搭配】
compromise with sb. over sth.
就· · · · · · 与某人达成了妥协 reach a compromise 达成妥协
R K P T
New Horizon College English II 3-A 6
3. compatible-1
我想确认一下预订7月1日一间双人房。
R K P T
New Horizon College English II 3-A 9
confirm-2
【记忆】
confirmation n.证实，确认，批准
【搭配】
confirm a theory 证实一种理论 confirm one’s suspicions 证实某人的怀疑 be confirmed in 对· · · · · · 更加坚信
【扩展】
up and down back and forth
R K P T
高低；上上下下 来回地
15
New Horizon College English II 3-A
2. for a time
for a short period
【例句】
一度；暂时
For a time both countries followed the terms of the treaty.
n. 1) [U] willingness or ability to accept sth 容忍，宽容
【例句】
Tolerance between the races of the world is a must.
世界上的各种族之间必须相互容忍。
2) [U] the ability to bear sth unpleasant, or to continue existing in spite of bad conditions 忍耐力
key words
简言之put simply; in short; in brief; in a nutshell 举例而言for instance; for example; to illustrate; let us cite 特别是an illustration; to cite a concrete case 特别是especially; particularly; in particular既然…now that…; seeing that…迹象inkling; hint; clue; a slight suggestion缺点disadvantage; demerit; shortcoming; drawback; weakness除去do away with; eliminate; remove; get rid of缺少for lack of; for a deficiency of毕竟after all;范围scope; field; realm潜力potential;行为conduct; behavior; doings隔绝isolate; insulate分辨出identify; recognize不易懂的elusive; hard to understand回馈feedback主导的人物a dominant figure; the most influential person观点viewpoint; point of view; perspective; standpoint正在进行中is underway只是一种姿态is merely a gesture立场position; stand;意向inclination; leaning; intention特权privilege; a special right来自stem from; come from一件事的不同说法alternative statements of fact好奇心the eager desire to know; curiosity顽固的headstrong; obstinate; stubborn暗淡的gloomy; dark; dim巨大的huge; gigantic; colossal; vast; enormous; tremendous执行carry out; execute; do现代modern times; modern age; contemporary age偏见prejudice; bias; partiality; predilection混乱chaos; commotion; confusion; disturbance; tumult无弹性(僵硬)rigid无缺点的flawless; airtight无药可救incurable无法避免的unavoidable; inevitable细密的计划elaborate plan取消cancel; annul; abolish解药a cure for…; a remedy for;谜puzzle; riddle; enigma机会平等equality of opportunity较有影响力的国家a predominant country遵守abide by; conform to; observe; comply with热情的passionate; ardent; zealous模糊的ambiguous; vague; obscure 影响长远的far-reaching失望despair; loss of hope; without hope幼稚childish; childlike; 挑剔的picky; choosy; fastidious破坏destroy; ruin; break to pieces; devasate技巧的skillful; adept; dexterous警觉的alert; watchful; on guard; wary of忍受bear; put up with; endure; stand证据evidence; facts; proof; grounds; testimony很容易地easily; with little problem; with little hindrance令人惊讶的amazing; astonishing;争取compete for; try hard to win遗产heritage; legacy; inheritance保护protect; safeguard; preserve; shelter了解understand; comprehend; catch the meaning of; catch on放大amplify; magnify; enlarge动力impetus; driving force; momentum自满的complacent第一流的first-rate; excellent安全处refuge; asylum; haven; sanctuary强调emphasize; stress; highlight 真正的genuine; authentic; real怪异的eccentric; peculiar; odd明显的distinct; clear; explicit; obvious得到…的注意capture one’s attention事事干涉的meddlesome; interfering背景setting; background假的fake; false; counterfeit夸大报导dramatize退步setback古人the ancients古老的old; ancient; archaeic逃犯infringe (on); violate使害怕intimidate; frighten带来生气enliven对手rival吸引人的intriguing旁观者onlooker准确地说to be exact; to be precise; precisely突然醒悟it dawned on me that仔细思考之后after long deliberation; after careful thought 对比及其相关用词可互换的interchangeable可与…相比is comparable with (to)普遍的prevailing; common; prevalent是一个对比is a sharp contrast to比作is likened to; is compared to多样化的heterogeneous 单一性的homogeneous一般而言in general; generally speaking; by and large满于现状be happy with what you are预测未来project into the future另一个观点是… another way of looking at the matter is…不宜取笑… it is not decent to make fun of…评估社会文化因素assess (evaluate) sociocultural factors那并非说… that does not mean that…那有这回事there is no such thing as一个有待克服的困难是… a major hurdle for us to overcome is…由…造成caused by; attributable to; due to; resulting from由…组成is made up of…; is comprised of; consist必须从两方面考虑此问题this problem needs to be considered on two dimensions:限制limit; restrict; refrain; restrain; keep within limits; confine; keep in check一般人认为… conventional wisdom suggests that…这方法有陷阱the method had pitfalls:说服convince; persuade; cause to believe具体的specific; concrete; tangible刻意的intentional; on purpose; intended费时间去了解…take time to acquaint oneself with……是此问题的核心…is at the root of the issue无法估计is beyond calculation; incalculable无资格的disqualified一些a range of ; a variety of ; a series of ; an array of无数innumer able ; countless许多plenty of ; many ; much ; a great deal of ; a lot of ; ample非常多(大)的tremendous依序列举list in sequence过时的outdated ; antiquated ; outmoded ; obsolete ; anachronistic短暂的ephemeral ; transitory ; transient ; short-lived 不合时宜的anachronism可持久的durable ; able to stand wear ; last a long time一再time after time ; again and again初始的preliminary自古到今from ancient times to the present day ; down through the ages年轻人young people ; youngster ; youth ; young adult老式的old-fashioned ; out of date ; dated偶尔from time to time ; now and then ; once in a while ; at times时常often ; frequently ; repeatedly永远的eternal ; perpetual ; lasting throughout life目前so far ; by far骂yell at ; eprimand ; chide ; scold ; reprove支持support ; endorse ; back up ; uphold谴责condemn ; express strong disapproval of错的mistaken ; erroneous ; wrong incorrect做相反的do the reverse of ; do the opposite归咎blame…on ; put the blame on … ; …is to blame支持某一方in favor of ; on the side of意见不和clashes of opinion一致的unanimous ; in complete agreement不恰当inappropriate ; improper ; unsuitable ; inadequate批判criticize ; blame; find fault with ; make judgments of the merits and faults of…我们想念…we are convinced that…; we are certain that..我愿意I incline to; I am inclined to; I am willing to; I tend to有用的useful ; of use; serviceable; good for; instrumental; productive有意义的meaningful; fulfilling他们不愿承认这一点they have always been reluctant to admit this…在大家同意下by common consent of…否定deny; withhold; negate承认admit; acknowledge; confess; concede于事无补of no help; of no avail; no use使…受益benefit…; do good to…; is good for…; is of great benefit to…想法frame of mind; mind set; the way one is thinking想出come up with找出come up with; find out利用use; take advantage of夸耀brag about; boast about; show off; speak too highly of照顾take care of; take charge of; attend to; watch over对…很了解have a deep knowledge of…对抗权威stand up against authority; resisit boldly the authority对…有信心have confidence in说清楚articulate; verbalize; put in words; utter接受…之美意embrace the offer of…累积amass; accumulate; heap up; assemble连系tact; get in touch with; contact with排除这可能性rule out the possibility等于is equivalent to; equal选择choose; elect; opt for; pick; single out发出deliver; give out; hand over绕路detour; take a detour; take a roundabout way禁止进入is kept out; is barred from小看make little of坏了out of order; on the blink; is not working分别distinguish between; make a distinction between; tell…from依靠count on; depend on忽视neglect; give too little care to存在come to be; come into existence; come to birth; come into being考虑consider; take into consideration; take into account考虑到in consideration of用尽力气exhaust one’s strength; use up one’s strength开动initiate; set going准备…brace for; prepare for在于lie in; rest on; rest with主动take the initiative不算exclusive of; not counting; leaving out应该得到deserve; have right to; is worthy of避免avoid; shun; get around; circumvent幻想fantasy; play of the mind以此标准来算by this criterion; by this standard乍看之下at first glance面对in the face of; in the presence of以by means of; by virtue of; by the use of不惜代价at all costs每况愈下from bad to worse承受错误造成的后果in reaping the harvest of his mistakes取得同意…get the go-ahead to不择手段unscrupulously; by hook or by crook想法与作法beliefs and practices内情ins and outs; turns and twists关键时刻the critical moment虽然although; notwithstanding; albeit; though根据according to; on the basis of; on the ground of (that); in the light of; in line with; in accordance with逃避问题evade the question增大enlarge; extend; aggrandize澄清clarify; make clear赔偿compensate for; give…as compensation for实现carry out; implement; realize; make…come true假定suppose; assume; postulate; hypothesize极端的radical; extreme极端的措施drastic measures剩下的the rest; the remainder; what is left换言之in other words; put another way结果result; aftermath; consequence优点advantage; strength; strong point; merit; benefit。
翻译key words
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轻便light深受年轻人的喜爱:Meet with a great favor in young people,Enjoy wide/great popularity amongIs appreciated by young users is popular with young people,4. 脱胎漆器无论是形状、样式、颜色、光泽，都那么高雅大方，此外，还轻便耐久。
脱胎漆器Bodiless lacquerwork 形状shape 样式pattern 颜色color 光泽luster高雅大方elegant 轻便耐久light and durable5. 这很容易操作。
你要做的就是轻轻按下这个按钮。
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English words中文名称号Power Machine动力机械
Engine发动机
Heat engine热机
g(
engine)外燃机
Steam engine蒸气机
Steam turbine蒸汽轮机
Stirling engine斯特灵发动机
Nuclear power plant核电站
g(
engine)内燃机
Rotating Internal Combustion engine旋转式内燃机
Gas turbine燃气轮机
Jet engine喷气发动机
Wankel engine汪克尔发动机
Reciprocating Internal Combustion
engine往复式内燃机
Diesel engine柴油机
Gasoline engine汽油机
Gas engine气体燃料发动机
Compression Ignition engine (CI)压燃机
Spark Ignition engine (SI)点燃机
Compression Ignition engine
(HCCI)均质充量压燃发动机
Gasoline Direct Injection engine直喷汽油机
Stratified Charge engine分层充气发动机
Gasoline Port Injection engine进气口喷射式汽油机
Vehicle engine车用发动机
Car engine轿车发动机
Truck engine卡车发动机
Light Duty engine (LDT)轻型发动机
Heavy Duty engine (HDT)重型发动机
Locomotive engine机车发动机
Ship engine船用主机
Stationary engine位置固定式发动机
High speed engine高速机
Medium speed engine中速机
Low speed engine低速机
Two stroke engine二冲程发动机
Four stroke engine四冲程发动机
In-line type engine直列式发动机
V type engine V型发动机
Radial type engine星形发动机
Opposed piston engine对置活塞式发动机
Water cooling IC engine水冷式发动机
Air cooling IC engine空冷式发动机
Naturally Aspired IC engine自然吸气式发动机
Turbocharging IC engine涡轮增压式发动机
Direct Injection engine (DI)直喷发动机
In-Direct Injection engine (IDI)间接喷射发动机
Carburator Gasoline engine化油器式汽油机
Fuel Injection Gasoline engine燃料喷射式汽油机
Main Components主要部件
Moving Parts运动部件
Piston活塞
Ring活塞环
Pin活塞销
Connecting rod连杆
Cap连杆大端盖
Bolt连杆螺栓
Crankshaft曲轴
Main bearing主轴轴承
Flying wheel飞轮
Cam shaft凸轮轴
rod挺柱
rocker arm摇臂
Fixed Parts固定机件
Cylinder气缸
Liner气缸套
Cylinder head气缸盖
Engine block机体
Oil pan油底壳
Intake System进气系统
Intake valve进气阀
Intake port进气口
Filter空气滤清器Throttle节气门Exhaust System排气系统Exhaust valve排气阀
Exhaust port排气道
Exhaust pipe排气管
Mulfler消声器
Catalyst催化转换器Injeciton System燃料喷射系统Injection pump喷射泵
Plunger柱塞
Plunger chamber柱塞泵腔
Fuel supply valve输油阀
High pressure line高压油管
Injector喷油器
Nozzle喷嘴
Neddle valve针阀
Neddle seat针阀座
Nozzle hole喷孔
Electronic Control Unit (ECU)电控单元
Common Rail (CR)共轨
Unitpump泵喷嘴
Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI)电子喷射
Ignition System点火系统Electrode电极
Distributor分电器
Coil线圈
Combustion chamber燃烧室Lubricating System润滑系统Lubrication润滑
Oil润滑油
Oil pump润滑油泵
Oil filter滑油滤清器Cooling System冷却系统Radiator换热器
Fan风扇
water tank水箱
Cooling waterway冷却水道
Turbocharging System增压系统
Turbine涡轮
Compressor压气机
Intercooling增压中冷
Impeller wheel叶轮
Nozzle ring喷嘴环
Turbin wheel涡轮工作轮
Fuel燃料
Diesel柴油
Gasoline汽油
Methane甲烷
Natural Gas (NG)天然气
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)压缩天然气
Liquid Natural Gas (LNG)液化天然气
Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG)液化石油气
Biofuel生物燃料
Gas To Liquid (GTL)气转油
Methanol甲醇
Ethanol乙醇
DME二甲基醚
Parameters
Top Dead Center上止点TDC Bottom Dead Center下止点BDC Stroke行程（冲程）
Cyinder bore缸径
Displacement volume气缸工作容积（扫气容积）Vd Clearance volume余隙容积Vc Total cylinder volume气缸总容积Vt Compression ratio压缩比εGeometry compression ratio几何压缩比εg Effective compression ratio有效压缩比εe
Measurement unit度量单位
Length长度L Metre米m
Centimeter厘米cm Millimetre毫米mm Micrometre微米μm Nanometre纳米nm
Area面积S Square metre平方米m2 Square centimetre平方厘米cm2 Square millimetre平方豪米mm2
Volume容积V Cubic metre立方米m3 Litter升l
Mass质量m Kilogram千克kg
gram克g
milligram毫克
Force力
Newton牛顿N
Pressure压力p Pascal帕斯卡Pa
Kilo Pascal千帕kPa Mega Pascal兆帕MPa bar巴bar
Temperature
Centigrade摄氏度℃
Kelvin开尔文K。