英文合同练习参考答案

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英文合同练习参考答案

Herexx的說明(注：标记为红色的为不确定答案，其余均为在书上找到原题或有据可依的，当然，此答案仅供大家参考,有异议的欢迎到群里讨论)Choose the best answer:1. The invoice value is to be paid A arrival of the goods.A. uponB. afterC. ofD. at2. All the activities of both parties shall A the contractual stipulations.A. abide byB. comply withC. obeyD. satisfy3. The following terms used in this rules shall have the meanings D assigned to themA. hereofB. heretoC. hereunderD. herein4. If no such Chinese law D exist to govern a particular matter relating to this Contract, then general international practices shall be final.A. shallB. shouldC. mayD. 不填5. Both parties agree that change the time of shipment D August and change US dollar Sterling..A. into…toB. to…toC. from…toD. to…into6. The Employer A covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects the Contract Price.A. hereby...thereinB. herein...thereinC. hereby...therebyD. hereof...thereof7. This Contract is hereby made and concluded by and between AA Co. (hereinafter referred to as Party A) and BB Co. (hereinafter referred to as Party B), on the principle of equality and mutual benefit and B amicable consultation.A. onB. throughC. afterD. with8. C Party B has the right and agrees to grant Party A the rights to use, manufacture and sell the Contract Products of Patented Technology;A. whereofB. wherebyC. whereasD. wherein9. The Commitment fee shall quarterly be paid from the date in the third month ＿＿D to the earlier day of the Disbursement Date and the Termination Date.A. thereofB. theretoC. thereforD. thereafter10. The Chinese-Foreign Cooperative Joint Ventures Company shall C upon the expiration of the joint venture term .A. wind upB. concludeC. terminateD. end11. Foreign trade dealers as mentioned in this Law shall, in accordance with the provisions B, cover such legal entities and other organization as are engaged in foreign trade dealings.A. hereinB. hereofC. hereby . hereto12. B any other provision of the Contract, if the Contractor intends to claim any additional payment, the Contractor shall notify the Engineer of his intention.A. althoughB. notwithstandingC. ifD. nevertheless13. The board meeting shall be B and presided over by the Chairman1.A. assembledB. calledC. gatheredD. summoned14. Bank charges1 D transfers are payable by the first beneficiary2 unless otherwise specified by the bank.A. as regards toB. concerningC. aboutD. in respect of15. Instructions given by the Engineer shall be in writing. B if the Engineer considers it necessary to give any such instruction orally ,the Contractor shall comply with such instruction.A. in case thatB. in condition ofC. whenD. provided that16. The B Seller and Buyer1 have agreed to close the following transaction 2 in accordance with the termsand conditions stipulated as follows:A. followingB. undermentionedC. undersignedD. listed17. The sellers shall effect insurance for 110% of the invoice value against All Risks and War RiskC the relevant Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses of the People’s Insurance Company of China.A. withB. ofC. as perD. as of18. The L/C is to be opened B Party A’s favor and must reach Party A not later than May 4, 2001..A. at B. in C. to D. for19. Insurance is to be effected C sellers 110% the invoice value All Risks.A. with, for, of, againstB. to, of , for, withC. by, for, of, againstD. in ,about, of , for20. All the additional premium shall be B the buyer’s account.A. onB. forC. atD. of21. Payment terms are by irrevocable L/C for 90% of the total invoice value of the goods to be shipped, payableB at sight.A. with draftB. by draftC. for draftD. to draft22.If the buyer C concluding business direct with Party A, Party A may do so.A. insists inB. insists toC. insists onD. insists of23. Both Parties shall B the terms and conditions agreed upon.A. carry onB. carry outC. take onD. take out24. The term of the lease shall be ten years, commencing from the date of the B/L __D___in Article 4.A. referringB. referring toC. referD. referred to25. This agreement is A in quadruplicate, each party holding two copies.A. made outB. made onC. made intoD. made off26. The joint venture should apply for the extension of term of operation CA. b efore expiration six monthsB. b efore six months expirationC. s ix months before expirationD. six months expiration before27. All insurance D shall be paid from the Company’s total business income.A. sumB. premiumC. moneyD. proceeds28. In such case, no party shall have any claim for damages or other compensation from any party and this agreement shall be considered D from the beginning.A. valid and voidB. full and effectC. effective and validD. null and void29. The C grants to the an exclusive to make products throughout the territory.A. licensee, licensed, licensee, licensorB. licensee, licensor, licensed, licenseC. licensor, licensee, license, licensed,D. licensor, license, licensed, licensee30. Side B should guarantee that no information A this contract shall be transferred to a third country.A. underB. withC. toD. on31. All disputes arising from the implementation of or related C preferable shall be settled through friendly consultation between the parties.A. herewithB. heretoC. hereofD. herein32. All disputes in connection with this contract or the execution C shall be settled by friendly negotiation between the two parties.A. thereinB. theretoC. thereofD. thereon33. The arbitration expenses shall be borne by the losing party unless otherwise _ __D_ by the arbitration organization.A. specifiedB. judgedC. assignedD. awarded34. Should the Seller fails to A the contracted obligations 10 weeks after the aforesaid incident; the Buyer shall have the right to treat the contract as null and void.A. performB. finishC. executionD. delivered on35. “Joint Venture” means a B usually temporary but sometimes permanent, formed by two or more persons or companies.A. factoryB. partnershipC. firmD. organization36. Some customers requested us to D our price because they considered it too high.A. make downB. get downC. take downD. bring down37. Insurance if to be D by the buyer if a transaction is concluded on FOB or CFR basis.A. takenB. coveredC. doneD. made38. Please D the shipping marks are in strict conformity with those in the L/C.A. noticeB. be certainC. see your way toD. see to it that39. The A of 10% the proceeds is to be paid only after the goods have been inspected and approved at the port of destination.A. balanceB.cashC. moneyD.income40. The sellers shall effect insurance for 110% of the invoice value against All Risks and War Risk C the relevant Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses of the People’s Insurance Company of China.A. withB. ofC. as perD. as of41. The decision of the arbitration shall be accepted as final and D upon both Parties.A. boundB. bindedC. boundedD. binding42. The sellers are allowed to B 5% more or less and the price shall be calculated according to the unit price.A. makeB. loadC. add up toD. unload43. The stipulations of the L/C should D those of the contract.A. agree toB. agree inC. agree onD. agree with44. The L/C is to be opened B Party A’s favor and must reach Party A not later than May 4, 2001..A. at B. in C. to D. for45. We shall D if you will do your best to promote this new product of ours.A. enjoyB. please itC. appreciateD. appreciate it46. The Chinese-Foreign Cooperative Joint Ventures Company shall terminate__B_ the expiration of the joint venture term.A. toB. uponC. o fD. for47. We A certify to the best of our knowledge that the foregoing statement is true and correct and all available information and data have been supplied herein, and that we agree to provide documentary proof upon your request.A. herebyB. wherebyC. hereD. that48. Either Party hereto may terminate this Agreement D the bankruptcy or insolvency of the other party.A. shouldB. whenC. ifD. in the event of49. when the Buyer is entitled to determine1 the time with a specified period and/or the place of taking delivery , the Buyer in question shall give the Seller the notice A .A. wherebyB. hereinafterC. thereofD. hereto50. "Contract Products " means the products A in Appendix to this Contract.A. specifiedB. specifyingC. that being specifyD. specify51. If one or more of the following event of default1 ( B called "Event of Default") occurs or occur or continues or continue, the Agent and the Bank shall be entitled to the remedies specified in Sub-Clause 11.2 of the AgreementA. thereforB. hereinafterC. wherebyD. hereto52. In witness D , the parties hereto have caused their respective duly authorized representatives to execute the Agreement on the 5th of May in the year of 2005.A. whereasB. hereunderC. theretoD. whereof53. The board meeting C be called and presided over by the Chairman.A. shouldB. mustC. shallD. can54. A sales contract refers to a contract A the sellers transfers the ownershipof an object to the buyer and the buyer pays the price for the object.A. wherebyB. thatC. whichD. what55. The Contract, made out, in Chinese and English, both version being equally authentic, by and between the Seller and the Buyer whereby the Seller agrees to sell and the Buyer agrees to buy the under－mentioned goods subject to terms and_C___ set forth hereinafter as follows:A. clausesB. bindingC. conditionsD. exceptions56. The appendices B that are drawn up in accordance with the principles stipulated in this Contract, including the Technology Transfer Contract, are all integral parts of this Contract.A. hereofB. heretoC. hereunderD. herein57.The terms FOB, CFR, or CIF shall be subject to the International Rules for the INCOTERMS 2000 provided by ICC unless otherwise stipulated DA. hereofB. heretoC. hereunderD. herein58. when the Buyer is entitled to determine1 the time with a specified period and/or the place of taking delivery , the Buyer in question shall give the Seller the notice A .A. wherebyB. hereinafterC. thereofD. hereto59. Parts and components either to be supplied by Party A or to be purchased in Guangzhou by Party B are C the list attached.A. as forB. as toC. as perD. as yet60. On taking over the products, your representatives shall give us a RECEIPT_B___ that the finished products have been inspected.A. certifiedB. certifyingC. having been certifiedD. being certified61. An irrevocable Letter of Guarantee will be issued in your favor by the Bank of China to C timely payment of the installments with the intst due.A. demandB. claimC. guaranteeD. offer62.This Agreement is made out in A the Chinese English languages, each in two originals and one original of each is to be held by Party A and Party B.A. both, andB. either, orC. not only, but also,D. neither, nor63. In the primary term of a financial lease, the B cover the full cost of the equipment, plus the interest and the Lessor’s profit.A. incomeB. rentalsC. cashD. expenses64. The defaulting party shall be liable to B the terminating party the financial losses caused by such a breach.A. payB. payingC. be paidD. being paid65. Chinese construction firms have A technical and managerial personnel in various constructions.A. qualifiedB. qualifyingC. qualifyD. unqualified66. Contracts shall be B the bidder whose quotation is considered to be most advantageous to Ethiopian Government.A. awarding toB. awarded toC. awarding ofD. awarded in67. The tenders Committee C the right to reject any or all quotations received.A. is keepingB. is maintainingC. reservesD. reserve68. The two firms agreed to D a joint venture in China.A. embarkB. intendC. engageD. enter into69. The company is a B liability company and a legal person under the laws of the People’s Republic ofChina.A. limitB. limitedC. limitingD. incorporation70. A joint venture D a loan shall satisfy some conditions.A. appliedB. applied forC. applyingD. applying for71. The Chinese Corp shall apply to the relevant departments for reductions or exemptions with regard to business and income C and customs on imports and exports.A. tariffs; dutiesB. duties, taxesC. taxes, dutiesD. duties, tariffs72. We have to C Contract No. 180 because of the Force Majeure incident.A. endB. finishC. terminateD. complete73. Insurance on the wages and salaries of the staff and workers shall be at the discretion of the A of directors.A. BoardB. GroupC. MassD. Pile74. The “Equipment” as used D shall mean the following.A. hereofB. heretoC. herewithD. herein75. The number of overseas offices of the Bank of China has increased to 25, C 18 are in Asia, 6 in Europe and 1 in the United States.A. whichB. on whichC. of whichD. from which76. The L/C is to be opened B Party A’s favor and must reach Party A not la ter than May 4, 2001..A. at B. in C. to D. for77. Payment is to be made by an Irrevocable Sight L/C C 2000 M/Ts of steel.A. underB. againstC. coveringD. as per78. Insurance is to be effected C sellers 110% the invoice value All Risks.A. with, for, of, againstB. to, of , for, withC. by, for, of, againstD. in ,about, of , for79. The contract stipulates that shipment is to be made within one month A receipt of the L/C.A. afterB. duringC. beforeD. for80. All the additional premium shall be B the buyer’s account.A. onB. forC. atD. of81. The buyer lodged a claim against the shipping company D the loss sustained in transit.A. to, toB. before, onC. of, withD. against, for82 Payment terms are by irrevocable L/C for 90% of the total invoice value of the goods to be shipped, payableB at sight.A. with draftB. by draftC. for draftD. to draft83.If the buye ___C______concluding business direct with Party A, Party A may do so.A. insists inB. insists toC. insists onD. insists of84. In the event of any breach of the terms by one party, the other party C to claim the termination of this Agreement.A. are entitledB. be entitledC. is entitledD. entitles85. We must make a liberal allowance B such unforeseen circumstances arising during transit.A. offB. forC. onD. of86. Your claim for the loss sustained is to be C with the insurance company.A. metB. compensatedC. filedD. satisfied87. Party B undertakes to compensate Party A for the contract amount by exporting __A 3,000 cartons of Canned Asparagus.A. in two lotsB. in two lotC. with two lotsD. with two lot88. The stipulations of this reciprocal L/C shall be in C with those in this Agreement.A. conformationB. confirmationC. conformityD. conform89. The B/L is to be made out to D and blank endorsed.A. instructionB. offerC. markD. order90.export credit are usually financed in the currency of the B country, but there have been occasions where US dollars were used instead.A. importB. exportC. thirdD.importer’s91.terms and conditions shall be D mutual discussion and agreed upon between party A and party BA. subjectedB. subjectC. subject forD. subject to92. both parties shall solve any problems C from the contract in co-operative manner.A. risingB. risenC. arisingD. ariesn93. party A and party B shall be B by the final decision made by arbitration.A. bindingB.boundC.bomeD. bom94.we must ___A_______ for all consequence arising therefrom.A. hold you responsibleB. ask you to respectC. keep you responsibilityD. request you reliable95. the issues related to taxed will be_D____in accordance with the taxation laws in chins.A. dealtB. dealt inC. dealt toD. dealt with96.the company shall open a foreign exchange___B______ with the bank of china.A.account depositB. depositC. money accountD. current account97.the joint managerial institution ___C______ six members.pose ofposed ofC. is cpmposed ofD. is cpmposed98.in our country, the right to make new laws is vested_D_____ the people’s congress.A.onB. toC. atD. in99.the bank will, as_B_____by the national policies, laws and regulations, give joint venture active support.A. called atB. called forC.called forthD. called off100.performance bond amounting to 10% of the total value of the works_C_____ is required when signing the contract.A.bidding uponB.bade uponC. bid uponD. bidded upon。

合同填制英语总结参考答案版

-1--2--3-term of payment信用证到达时间：于装运期前30天送达卖方to reach the Sellers 30 days before the date of shipment信用证有效期及议付地点：议付有效期至上述装运期后15天在中国到期to remain valid for negotiation in China within 15 days after shipment综合描述例子如下（经典句型）：凭全额发票金额的保兑的不可撤消的可转让的可分割的By 100% confirmed, irrevocable, transferable, divisible sight L/C to reach即期信用证。

信用证应于装运前30天送达卖方其议付有the Sellers 30 days before shipment, remain valid negotiation in China效期至上述装运期后15天在中国议付有效。

within 15 days （till the 15th day)after the last date of shipment/final shipment练习：1.不可撤销的即期信用证 1.By irrevocable L/C at sight/By irrevocalbe L/C available by draft at sight2.凭不不可撤消即期信用证付款，于装运期前一个月开 2.By irrevocalbe L/C at sight to reach the Sellers a month before(prior to)到卖方，并于上述装运期后15天内在中国议付有效。

the time of shipment and remain valid for negotiation in China within 15 days after/untill the 15th day after the date of shipment.3.不可撤销即期信用证付款，议付有效期为装运期后15 3.By irrevocable L/C available by draft at sight to remain valid for negotiation in天内在中国议付有效。

商务英语合同第二版课后习题答案

商务英语合同第二版课后习题答案Business English Contract Second Edition Exercise AnswersExercise 11. The parties agree to adjust the payment terms to 30 days from the date of invoice.2. The supplier is responsible for providing all necessary documentation for customs clearance.3. The contract is valid for a period of two years and may be renewed by mutual agreement.4. The buyer shall bear all costs associated with shipping and delivery.5. The seller guarantees that the products will be delivered in good condition and within the agreed-upon timeframe.Exercise 21. The contract specifies the rights and responsibilities of both parties.2. The contract outlines the payment terms and schedule.3. The contract includes clauses regarding termination and renewal.4. The contract defines the scope of work and deliverables.5. The contract includes provisions for resolving disputes and conflicts.Exercise 31. The buyer agrees to purchase a minimum of 100 units per month.2. The seller guarantees the quality of the products and agrees to replace any defective items.3. The buyer is responsible for inspecting the goods upon delivery and notifying the seller of any issues.4. The seller shall provide technical support and training as needed.5. The buyer agrees to pay a 50% deposit upon signing the contract and the remaining balance upon delivery.Exercise 41. The contract specifies that all disputes shall be resolved through arbitration.2. The contract outlines the process for terminating the agreement.3. The contract includes a confidentiality clause to protect sensitive information.4. The contract specifies the governing law in case of any legal conflicts.5. The contract outlines the process for amending or modifying the agreement.Exercise 51. The contract includes a force majeure clause to address unforeseen circumstances.2. The contract outlines the process for making changes to the scope of work.3. The contract includes provisions for confidentiality and data protection.4. The contract specifies the rights and responsibilities of both parties in case of breach.5. The contract includes provisions for indemnification and liability.In conclusion, the Business English Contract Second Edition contains comprehensive exercise questions that cover a range of topics related to contract management. By completing theseexercises and reviewing the answers, students can enhance their understanding of key concepts and principles in business contracts.。

国际商务合同双语教程-章后习题参考答案

参考答案Chapter 11．选择(1) C (2) P (3) C (4) B (5) D (6) B (7) P (8) C(9) D (10) A2.填空(Gap-filling)(1) agreement (2) memorandum (3) adverse interests (4) provisions (5) formation (6) values and practices (7) legal systems (8) mutual understanding (9) rights and obligations (10) choice of remedies3．讨论(Discussion)略Chapter 21.不论港口习惯是否与本款规定相反，货主都应昼夜地，包括星期日和假日(如承运人需要），无间断地供货和提货。

货主对违反本款规定所引起的所有损失或损坏，包括滞期应负担赔偿责任。

2.Chapter 3略Chapter 4I. Translate the following sentences into English:1.The Chairman shall have a casting vote in the event that the votes are equallydivided in the Board of Directors.2.In the event of any violation of this Agreement by either party，the other is entitled to receive the compensation for damage caused thereby.3．Contract price shall mean the global price referred to in Article ( •••) subject to such additions thereto or deductions therefrom as may be made under the provisions hereinafter contained.4.The requirement for minimum production or payment of royalties in lieu shall be prorated.5.Such sale and purchase shall be made subject to the following.6.The parties，in consideration of the mutual agreements herein contained，do hereby agree as follows.7.The real estate consists of the land together with all buildings and improvements thereon.8.The Engineer shall be paid therefor at standard prices fixed by the Company.9.No Officer or Director shall have any interest in any trademarks or trade names used in or pertaining to the business of Seller.10.On failure to comply with such demand this, obligation shall be deemed to be due and payable immediately-II. Translate the following sentences into Chinese ：1.制造商可采取向其增加一种或几种商品并固定其市价的方法,修改或改变本价目表。

英文版练习答案

英⽂版练习答案Task 2Case Two:This contract was not concluded effectively. Item 1 of Article 19 of the CISG indicates, “A reply to an offer which purports to be an acceptance but contains additions, limitations or other modifications is a rejection to the offer and constitutes a counter-offer.In this case, though Mr. Johnson accepted Mr. Anderson's offer, his acceptance contained some additions to and modifications of the offer; for example, Mr. Anderson asked for “telegraphic transfer", Mr. Johnson sent the money to the bank to be kept there. According to Item 3 of Article 19 of the CISG, alteration to the mode of payment is material one, thus Mr. Johnson might keep silent and reject the acceptance.Case three:1) As Italy and China are both members of the Convention, the case should be governed by the Convention;2) Company B’s acceptance was a late acceptance due to its delayed delivery;3) According to the Convention, a late acceptance due to its delayed delivery is still effective unless the offeror immediately informs the offeree of the late arrival and ineffectiveness of the acceptance;4) As the price of Sunflower Seeds in the international market was rising, Company A should not be willing to sell the goods as per the quoted price;5) To prevent the formation of the contract, Company A should inform Company B immediately that its acceptance was late and had been void.Case three1) As Britain and China are both members of the Convention, the case should be governed by the Convention;2) According to the Convention, Company B’s acceptance of June 3 was a conditional acceptance and it had made a material alteration to the offer of June 1;3) The acceptance of June 3 was actually a counter-offer, which had made the offer of June 1 void;4) Company B’s acceptance of June 5 was not effective for the offer of June 1 had been void already;5) Company B’s acceptance of June 5 should be taken as a new offer;6) Company A might accept this new offer if it were willing to conclude the transaction on the quoted terms and conditions, or reject this offer or make a counter- offer when the terms and conditions were unacceptable;7) A contract was not formed between Company A and Company B and Company A did not need to sell the goods as per the conditions in the offer of June 1 or to make any compensation to Company B.Task 44.4 A:1) 500台⾦星牌TS328型电视机，PAL/BG制式，220伏50赫兹，⼆相圆柱型插头，带遥控器，其他详细质量参见所附第TS1028号说明书。

商务英语函电与合同答案

Appendix 1Keys to exercisesChapter 31.1.咱们从中国国际贸易增进会得知贵公司的名称和地址。

2.咱们愿意在平等互利的基础上与贵方成立贸易关系。

3.感激你方及时回答。

4.咱们将调查一下你方这种新产品的销售可能性。

5.新型号一上市，咱们定将和你方联系。

6.随函寄去我方价目表两份。

7.他们将同有关部门联系此事。

8.贵公司已由日本东京商会推荐给我公司。

9.九月十七日邮件已收到，谢谢。

我方愿意与你方商讨扩大贸易的可能性。

10.我公司经营电子产品的进出口业务，希望与贵方成立商业关系。

11.咱们相信，贵我两边的业务将随着时间的推移而取得发展。

12.咱们得知你们是动物副产品的大供货商。

13.如你方能帮忙咱们的产品开拓你方市场，咱们不胜感激。

14.咱们愿意在平等互利，互通有无的基础上与贵5成立业务关系。

15.咱们乐于向贵方介绍咱们自己，咱们是专门从事各类编织服装的专业公司，愿与贵方成立互利的业务关系。

2.1.We are gratified to learn from your e-mail of Sept. 17th that your areinterested in our arts and crafts.2.We shall be obliged if you would send us patterns and prices of your products.3.We would like to extend our business with you in this line.4.We learn through the Commercial Counselor’s Office of our Embassy in your country that you are interested in Chinese-made toy animals.5.Through the courtesy of Japan External Trade Organization, we have your name as a firm who is interested in doing business with us in this market.6.I’m interested in your silk blouses, as they are brightly colored and beautifully designed.7.Your desire coincides with ours.8.This trade fair offers us a great opportunity to introduce our new products9.We are promoting this product in your market.10.You were recommended to us by a reliable friend.11.We are leading exporters of chemicals in this region.12.We would like you to send us your catalog and price-list for our reference.13.We are trying to find a market for this article.14.What are the chief exports of Canada?15.We have been many years in the chemical line.3.敬启者：承蒙美国波士顿斯密史公司向我方提供了贵公司的名称和地址，此刻咱们给你方写信并希望同你方成立贸易关系。

合同填制英语总结参考答案版

信用证应于装运前30天送达卖方其议付有the Sellers 30 days before shipment, remain valid negotiation in China效期至上述装运期后15天在中国议付有效。

国际经贸英语合同写作上册课后答案

国际经贸英语合同写作上册课后答案International Business English Contract WritingChapter 1: Introduction to Contract Writing1. What is a contract?A contract is a legally binding agreement between two or more parties that outlines the terms and conditions of their business relationship.2. What are the key elements of a contract?The key elements of a contract include offer, acceptance, consideration, legality, capacity, and consent.3. Why is contract writing important in international business?Contract writing is important in international business to ensure that all parties involved understand their rights and obligations, and to prevent misunderstandings and disputes.4. What are the differences between domestic and international contracts?International contracts often involve parties from different countries, multiple legal systems, and various currencies, making them more complex than domestic contracts.Chapter 2: Contract Types and Formats1. What are the different types of contracts?The different types of contracts include sales contracts, distribution agreements, licensing agreements, and joint venture agreements.2. What formats can contracts be written in?Contracts can be written in various formats, such as standard forms, letters of intent, memoranda of understanding, and formal written agreements.3. How can cultural differences impact contract writing?Cultural differences can impact contract writing by affecting language interpretation, negotiation styles, and business practices. It is important to consider cultural differences when drafting international contracts.Chapter 3: Contract Clauses and Terms1. What are boilerplate clauses?Boilerplate clauses are standard contract terms that are often included in contracts to address common issues, such as termination, indemnification, and governing law.2. What are the key terms to include in a contract?Key terms to include in a contract include payment terms, delivery terms, warranties, dispute resolution mechanisms, and confidentiality provisions.3. How can language be used to clarify contract terms?Language can be used to clarify contract terms by defining key terms, avoiding ambiguous language, and using clear and concise language.Chapter 4: Contract Negotiation and Drafting1. What are the key steps in contract negotiation?The key steps in contract negotiation include identifying the parties' interests, discussing and negotiating the terms of the contract, and reaching a mutual agreement.2. How can contracts be drafted effectively?Contracts can be drafted effectively by clearly outlining the parties' rights and obligations, using specific language, and referencing relevant laws and regulations.3. What are common pitfalls to avoid in contract drafting?Common pitfalls to avoid in contract drafting include using vague language, omitting key terms, and failing to capture the parties' intentions accurately.In conclusion, contract writing is a vital skill for professionals in international business. By understanding the key elements of contracts, the different types and formats of contracts, the importance of contract clauses and terms, and the best practices for contract negotiation and drafting, professionals can successfully navigate the complexities of international business contracts and build strong business relationships.。

国际商事合同法英文案例及答案

国际商事合同法英文案例及答案Case 1: The Dispute over the Shipment of Goods.Facts:Company A, based in the United States, entered into a contract with Company B in China for the purchase of 1,000 units of a particularelectronic device. The contract specified that the goods were to be shipped by sea and arrive at the port in the United States within 60 days of the contract signing. Company B arranged for the shipment, but due to unforeseen weather conditions and a mechanical problem with the ship, the goods arrived 10 days late.Issue:Is Company B in breach of the contract?Answer:Well, this is a bit of a tricky one. In international commercial law, Company B might seem to be in breach because they didn't meet the exacttime requirement in the contract. However, the unforeseen weatherconditions and the mechanical problem with the ship could be considered as "force majeure" events. Force majeure is like this big, unexpected thingthat gets in the way and it's not really the fault of the party. So, if Company B can prove that these events were truly unforeseeable, unavoidable, and made it impossible for them to deliver on time, they may not be held in breach. For example, if they have proper documentation from the shipping company about the mechanical problem and weather reports showing theextreme conditions, they've got a good case to argue that they should notbe penalized for the 10 day delay. So, it depends on whether they can prove force majeure.Case 2: The Quality of the Goods Dispute.Facts:Company X from France bought a large quantity of fabrics from Company Y in India. The contract stated that the fabrics should be of a certainquality standard, specifically, the color should not fade after three washes and the fabric should have a certain thickness. When Company X received the goods and tested them, they found that the color faded after just one wash and the fabric was thinner than specified.Issue:What can Company X do?Answer:Oh, Company X has some options here. First of all, they can go back to Company Y and say, "Hey, these fabrics are not what we agreed on! What gives?" They can try to negotiate a solution, like getting a discount onthe price because the goods are not of the right quality. If Company Y refuses to cooperate, Company X can consider legal action. Under international commercial law, when the goods don't meet the quality standards specified in the contract, the buyer has the right to claim damages. Company X would need to prove that the goods they received are indeed different from what was promised in the contract. They could have independent tests done on the fabrics and present those results as evidence. So, they can either try to work it out amicably or take the more serious legal route if they really feel wronged.Case 3: The Disagreement over Payment Terms.Facts:Company M in Germany and Company N in Brazil entered into a contractfor the sale of industrial machinery. The contract stated that Company M would pay 50% of the total price upon signing the contract and the remaining 50% within 30 days of receiving the goods. Company M paid the initial 50% as agreed. However, when they received the goods, they found some minor scratches on the machinery. They decided to withhold the remaining payment until Company N fixed the scratches or provided a discount. Company N argued that the scratches were not significant enough to justify withholding payment.Issue:Who is in the right?Answer:This is like a tug of war, isn't it? Well, Company M has a point in a way. If the goods are not in the expected condition, even if it's just minor scratches, they might feel like they're not getting exactly what they paid for. But Company N also has a case. The contract didn't specifically state that minor scratches would be a reason to withhold payment. So, it really depends on what a "reasonable person" would consider. If the scratches are so minor that they don't really affect the functionality or the overall value of the machinery much, Company M may not be justified in withholding the entire 50% payment. However, if the scratches are more than just a cosmetic issue and could potentially lead to future problems, then Company M might have a stronger argument. Maybe they could have agreed on an independent inspection to determine the significance of the scratchesand then decide on the payment accordingly. It's not really clear cut who's right here without more information.。

合同法英文案例及参考答案

合同法英文案例及参考答案合同法英文案例一。

Case:Alice wants to sell her vintage car. She posts an advertisement in the local newspaper saying, "For sale: Vintage car, 1965 Mustang, excellent condition. Asking price 20,000. Contact me at 555 1234." Bob sees the advertisement and calls Alice. He says, "I'm very interested in your Mustang. I can pay you 18,000 for it." Alice replies, "Well, I'll think about it and let you know tomorrow." The next day, Alice calls Bob and says, "I've decided that I can sell it to you for 18,000." But Bob says, "Sorry, I found another car I like better this morning, so I don't want to buy your Mustang anymore."Question: Is Bob legally bound to buy Alice's car?Answer: Well, here's the deal. In contract law, when Bob made the offer of 18,000, Alice didn't accept it right away. She just said she'd think about it. So at that point, there was no contract. When Alice called Bob the next day and said she'd accept his offer, it was too late. Bob was free to change his mind because until Alice accepted his offer, there was no binding agreement. So, no, Bob is not legally bound to buy Alice's car. It's like he made an offer, but it was kind of just hanging out there until Alice made up her mind, and by the time she did, he had already moved on in his car shopping adventure.合同法英文案例二。

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英文合同练习参考答案