语法复习：动词时态和语态

语法复习：动词时态和语态语法复习：动词时态一、动词的分类和形式：动词是表示动作和状态的词。

动词有时态、语态和语气3种形式的变化。

1、动词按其能否独立作谓语而分为：“谓语动词”和“非谓语动词”两种2、动词的4种基本形式：动词原形、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。

3、动词按其构成动词词组作用分为：实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。

二、动词的时态：一）、一般现在时的用法：1）表示现在的习惯，经常发生的动作或存在的状态。

He gets up early everyday.2）表示主语的特征、性格和能力He is a kind-hearted man and willing to help others.3）表示客观事实或真理。

When I was a little child, my father told me that the earth is round.4）表示按照时刻表，计划安排好的将来行为。

（只限于是go, come, leave, start, stop, be等表示移动意义的词。

）The plane takes off/ leaves at 7.am.二）、一般过去时的用法：1）表示过去的动作或状态。

(一般含有具体的过去时间) He was born in 1990.2）表示过去一段时间内经常发生的动作。

He worked in Beijing for a month and now he is working in Nantong.三）、一般将来时的用法：表示将来的动作或状态。

I will inform him of the news when I meet him.四）、现在进行时的用法：1）表示说话时正在进行的动作。

Your car is being repaired now.2）表示现阶段正在进行的动作。

（说话时动作不一定进行）She is working in a factory.(=works) 五）、过去进行进的用法：1）过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。

Last night when you called me, I was watching TV.The child was being examined by the doctor when they came in.2）表示移动的动词：come, start, stay, leave, go等词的过去进行时可以表示过去的将来要发生的动作。

He said he was going to Shanghai soon.六）、现在完成时的用法：1）表示刚刚完成的动作，常与just连用。

I have just heard of it.2）表示过去发生而持续到现在的动作或状态，甚至延续到将来。

常与since, for连。

I haven’t s een him since he went abroad. He has lived here for 5 years./ since 5 years ago.3）表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

Have you met each other before? The work hasn’t been finished yet.现在完成进行时have been doing 表示动作从过去开始一直进行到现在并很可能持续下去。

Mary has been reading the novel and s he hasn’t finished it yet.I haven’t been sleeping well since I returned home.常和the whole morning/ afternoon/ day, all day long 等时间搭配。

--- Why are you so tired? --- I have been painting the wall the whole morning.七）、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：1）现在完成时与现在有联系，它表示过去的动作对现在所产生的结果、影响。

一般过去时通常表示在过去某一具体时间发生的动作，与现在没什么联系。

2）现在完成时表示过去延续到现在的行为；一般过去时着重过去某一时刻的某一具体动作。

Have you finished your work? Did you finish your work?八）、过去完成had done的用法：表示在过去某一或动作之前已经完成的动作，”过去的过去”。

常用by, before或上下文暗示。

The train had left when/ before I arrived there.九）、过去将来时的用法：表示对于过去某一时刻而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。

8. They can't leave until they _____ their work.A. didB. are doingC. have doneD. has done9. "Has he seen this film?" " Yes. He ______ it several days ago. "A. sawB. has seenC. had seenD. was seeing10. Now Mike isn't here. He ______ Mr Green's. Perhaps he ______ back in a few minutes.A. went to; is comingB. has gone to; will comeC. has been to; will beD. is going to; has come11. That day he ._______ his clothes before he came to see me.A. has washedC. had been washingD. was washed12. I haven't finished my composition. I ______ for two hours and a half.A. have written itB. have been writing itC. wrote itD. am writting it13. I will take my daughter with me when I _____ ShangHai,A. go toB. will go toC. have been toD. have gone to14. This bright girl ______ the truth in front of the enemy.A. didn't sayB. couldn't speak toC. saidD. didn't tell15. The bridge which ______ last year looks really beautiful.A. was builtB. builtC. was set upD. had been built16. " When ______ school begin?" " Next Monday. "A. hasB. doesC. didD. is going to17. I will ______ here till you give me some money.B. not leaveC. comeD. return18. I _____ here since I moved here.A. will workB. workedC. workD. have been working19. Every time I _____ there, I will buy him something nice.A. wentB. will goC. goD. have gone20. It was said that his father ______.A. has diedB. died.C. has been deadD. had died21. We won't go unless you ______ soon.A. had comeB. cameC. will comeD. come22._____six years since I began studying English.A. They have beenB. it isC. It wasD. There are23. They ______ the Summer Palace three times.A. have gone toB. have been toC. have been inD. have gone into24. "How long haven't we seen each other? ""Well, it _____ nearly two years since we ______ last. "A. is/have metB. was/had metC. is/metD. has been/had met25. "Have you seen the art exhibition?" "No, _____ there. "A. it was not being heldB. they didn't holdC. it had not heldD. they were holding it26. Don't get off the bus until it ______.A. stopB. will stopC. stoppedD. has stopped27. "Where ______ the recorder? I can't see it anywhere." "I _____ it right here. But now it's gone. "A. did you put/have putB. have you put/putC. had you put/was puttingD. were you putting/have put28. They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was 10 years since I ______ a good drink.A. had enjoyedB. was enjoyingC. enjoyedD. had been enjoying29. Don't come tonight. I would rather you _____ tomorrow.A. comeB. cameC. will comeD. coming30. ______ you ______?A. Do/marryB. Have/marriedC. Have/been marriedD. Are/married31. When he ______ all the newspapers, he'll go home.A. sellsB. has soldC. will have soldD. will be sold32. "This cloth _____well and _____ long. ""Ok. I'll take it. "A. washes/lastsB. is washed/lastedC. washes/is lastedD. is washing/lasting33. "Hurry up, you ______ on the phone. " "Oh, I'm coming. Thank you. "A. are wantedB. are being wantedC. wantD. are wanting34. I ______ see you, but I didn't, for I had no time.A. had wanted toB. has wanted toC. wantedD. was wanted35. I ______ in Guang Zhou for six years by this October.A. have livedB. was livingC. will be livingD. shall have lived36. By this time next year he ______ from the college.A. will be graduatingB. should be graduating .C.will have graduatedD. is graduating37. Our teacher told us that the earth _____ from west to east.A. turnsB. turnC. has turnedD. had turned38. My brother _____ while he _____ his bicycle and hurt himself.A. fell/was ridingB. fell/were ridingC. had fallen/rodeD. had fallen/was riding39. Bill said he ____ twenty-one the next year.A. was going to beB. was about to beC. could beD. was to be40. It is high time you _____ in bed now.A. areB. wereC. will beD. would be41. After a while an agreement _____.A. was arrived atB. was arrived inC. was arrivedD. has been arrived42. The air liner from Beijing _____ at 3:00 p.m.A. is about to arriveB. has arrivedC. arrivesD. is going to arrive43.______,that step is not safe! A . Look around B. Look up C. Look out D. Look down44. "Have you _____ him to give up smoking?" "No. I _____, but he wouldn't listen."A. persuaded/triedB. tried/persuadedC. tried/triedD. persuaded/persuaded45. The research laboratory is going to ______ the new type of computer to use.A. takeB. makeC. putD. send46. I don't know when he ______, but when he ______, I'll let you know.A. will come/comesB. comes/will comeC. comes/comesD. will come/will come47. How much do you think that vase ______? Ais cost B. usedC. was paid forD. cost48. I _____ that he would be able to leave tomorrow, but it's beginning to look diffcult.A. hopeB. had hopedC. hopedD. am hoping49. “Come on, Peter, I want to show you something.”“Oh, how nice of you, I _____ you _____ to bring me a gift.”A. never think/are goingB. never thought/ were goingC. didn’t think/ are goingD. hadn’t thought/ were going50. It’s a nice flat, bu t it _____ a proper bathroom.A. haven’t gotB. hasn’t gotC. wouldn’t getD. doesn’t have got51. She had a shock when she heard the news, _____?A. hadn’t sheB. didn’t sheC. wouldn’t sheD. won’t she52. This liquid _____ the salt at room temperature.A. became mixed withB. was mixed byC. mixes withD. has been mixing by时态的呼应：1、如果主句的谓语动词为现在时态，其从句中的谓语动词应该用什么时态就用什么时态，如：She knows you have been in Beijing for five rears.2、如果主句中的谓语动词为过去时态，从句中的谓语动词就要用过去的相应时态，She said she was busy then. T om said he was born in 1975.I didn’t know that she had been to London twice.They didn’t know when they would have a rest.When I was a little child, my father told me that the earth is round.53. An exhibition of paintings ____ at the museum next week.A. are to be heldB. is to be heldC. are holdingD. will hold54. I'm sorry, sir. Your recorder isn't ready yet. It _____ in the factory.A. is being repairedB. is repairedC. has been repairedD. hasn't repaired55. Every possible means , but none prove successful.A. has triedB. has been triedC. is being triedD. tried56. _______ that they can pass the written exam this time.A. That is hopedB. It is hopedC. That hopesD. It hopes57. My little sister has broken my watch. ---- My watch _____ by my little sister.A. is brokenB. has brokenC. have been brokenD. has been broken58. He was cleaning his room when I entered the house.---- His room _____ by him when I entered the room.A. was being cleanedB. was cleanedC. was being cleaningD. has been cleaned59. I will have finished reading the novel by dinner time.---- This novel _____ reading (by me) by dinner time.A. will have finishedB. will has been finishedC.will have being finishedD.will have been finished60. You ought to keep these three rooms clean. ----These three rooms ______ (by you).A. are oughted to keep cleanB. ought to kept cleanC. ought to be kept cleanD. should kept clean61. You are about to write a poem, aren't you? ---- A poem_____ (by you), _____ ?A. is about to be written, aren't youB. is about to be writing, isn’t itC. is about to be writing, aren't youD. is about to be written, isn’t it62. She had better leave a note to him. ---- A note _____ to him (by her).A. had better leftB. had be better leftC. had better be leftD. had better been left63. He doesn't do his homework every day. ---- His homework ______ by him every day.A. doesn't be doneB. aren't doneC. don't be doneD. isn’t done64. We must take care of our parents when they are old. ---- Our parents ______ when they are old.A. must be taken careB. must be took carsC. must take care ofD. must be taken care of65. People look down upon him because he is a liar. ---- He _____ because he is a liar.A. is looked downB. is looked down uponC. looks down uponD. looks down66. Father will give me a dictionary on my birthday.---- Adictionary ___ me by Father on my birthday.A. shall be given toB. will giveC. shall give toD. will be giving to67. We elected her leader. ---- She by us.A. is elected leaderB. was leader electedC. was elected leaderD. leader was elected68. ---- People who live along this road receive their mail in these boxes.---- Why are all of the______?A. grey painted mailboxesB. mailboxes grey paintedC. mailboxes painted greyD. painted grey mailboxes69. I saw him enter the room. ---- He ______ the room.A. is seen enterB. is seen to enterC. was seen to enterD. was seen enter70. The question asked by him is hard _____ .A. to answerB. to be answeredC. to be answeringD. for answer71. How sweet the music ______! A. sounds to be B. is soundedC. is sounded to beD. sounds72. In warm weather fruit and meat ______ long.A. don't keepB. cannot be keptC. are not keptD. are not keeping73. He received a telegram ___ "Mother Sick."A. writtenB. saidC. readingD. writing74. The classroom ______ 30 feet long.A. measuresB. is measuredC. hasD. has length75. Do you remember ______ ?A. how it is doneB. it how to be doneC. How is it done byD. how to do76. to have been rich.A. They say B. It is said C. He is said D. That was said77. Mathematics is difficult ______.A. to learn B. for learning C. to be learned D. of learning78. My hair is so long that I must go to a barber's shop and______.A. have to cut itB. have it cutC. get it to be cutD. to cut it79. The pencil ______ well.A. writes B. is written C. was writtenD. writing80. ---- I can't see the blackboard very well. ---- Perhaps you need ______.A. to examine your eyesB. to have your eyes examinedC. to have examined your eyesD. to be examined your eyes81. ---- Where is the coffee table? ---- Tom just had it ____ away.A. moveB. movingC. movedD. moves82. Good medicine ______ to the mouth.A. tastes bitterB. tastes bitterlyC. is tasted bitterD. is tasted bitterly83. Which girl won the prize? _____A. By which girl is the prize won?B. Which girl was the prize won?C. By which girl did she win the prize?D. By which girl was the prize won?84. --- Where did you get that handsome picture? ---- It was _____ by my father.A. given for usB. a gift to usC. given to usD. a gift for us85. A young hen is ______ a chicken.A. namedB. knownC. spelledD. called86. ---- How does Alma like her new work? ---- She ______ with the hour.A. can't satisfyB. isn't satisfiedC. doesn't satisfyD. hasn't satisfied87. ---- Why do you call your son Mouse? ---- He wants ______ by the name.A. to callB. to be calledC. to be callingD. being called88. His idea, though good, needs ______ out.A. being triedB. to tryC. triedD. to be tried89. The man living in the next door is known _____the police.A. withB. toC. byD. of90. Cotton is first made ______ thread and then it was woven ______ cloth.A. up of, up ofB. into, intoC. of, ofD. from, from91. ______ here last night.A. Something strange was happenedB. Strange something was happenedC. Something strange happenedD. Strange something happened92. ---- I'd like to buy that coat. ---- I'm sorry, _____.A. it was soldB. it's sellingC. it's been soldD. it had been sold93. Gunpowder was discovered in the twelfth century, but_____.A. man did not put it to use in war two hundred years literB. until two centuries more it was used in warC. not used in war until two hundred years laterD. in war did not use it two hundred years afterwards94. The five-year-old girl by her parents.A. is lookedB. has looked forC. is being looked forD. has been looked练习一、1~5 CCBCB 6~10 ABCAB 11~15 CBADA 16~20 BBDCD 21~25 DBBCA26~30 DBABD 31~35 BAAAD 36~40 CAAAB 41~45 ACCAC 46~50 ADBBB51~52 BC练习二、53~55 BAB 56~60 BDADC 61~65 DCDDB 66~70 ACCCA 71~75 DACAA 76~80 CABAB 81~85 CADCD 86~90BBDBB 91~94 CCCC。