定语从句

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(完整版)定语从句详解+例句

(完整版)定语从句详解+例句

Attributive Clause定语从句一、定义定语从句:修饰名词或代词的从句。

换句话说,名词、代词后的从句叫定语从句。

先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词、代词、甚至词组或句子叫先行词。

关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

1关系代词:在定语从句中担任主、宾、表、定语成分2关系副词:在定语从句中担任状语成分关系词3个功能:1. 连接功能(连接先行词与定语从句);2. 担任功能(在定语从句中担任主、宾、表、定、状语);3. 替代功能(在定语从句中代替先行词)。

关系代词在定语从句中充当主语的是: who, that, which, as宾语的是: who, whom, that, which, as定语的是: whose, which先行词是人时,关系代词是:who, whom, that, as先行词是物时,关系代词是:which, that, whose, as关系副词有:when (先行词为时间), where (先行词为地点), why (先行词为原因)关系副词 = 介词 + which / whom定语从句分为两种:限制性与非限制性。

先行词与关系词之间无逗号隔开为限制性;有逗号隔开则为非限制性,且一般由which引导。

唯一可以置于先行词之前的定语从句由关系代词as 引导。

二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人,在从句中做主语(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。

(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。

(完整版)定语从句归纳

(完整版)定语从句归纳

定语从句(the attributive clause )一.什么叫定语从句?一个句子作定语就叫定语从句。

二.定语从句的结构及种类1. 结构:关系词 +主语+谓语+其它2. 种类:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句三.关系词的分类及关系词1.关系代词: who ,whom, whose, that ,which, as2.关系副词: when ,where ,why四.关系词的功用1.起连接作用,引导定语从句2.在定语从句中作一个成分——主语,宾语,状语,定语,表语。

五.什么是先行词?被定语从句所修饰的词是先行词。

六.关系词的用法1.who当先行词是指人得名词或代词,而且关系词在句中作主语时,选who 。

The boy who is standingover there is Tom.He who doesn ’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.2.whom当先行词是指人得名词,而且关系词在句中作主语时,选w h o m.This is our English teacher whom everybody likes.3.whose①当先行词是指人的名词,而且关系词在句中作定语时,选whose. This is my deskmate whose father works in a factory.②当先行词是指物的名词,而且关系在句中作定语时,选whose.We study in a classroom whose windows face to the south.4.that①当先行词是指物的名词,关系词在句中作主语时,选that.This is a machine that can walk.②当先行词是指物的名词,关系词在句中作宾语时,选that. 另外,that 可以省略。

I like the present (that) my father sent me.③当先行词是指人的名词,关系词也可选用that=whoThe boy that/who is playing football on the play ground is my brother.5.which当先行词是指物的名词时,关系词也可选用which ,它在句中作主语或宾语,which=that6.下列情况下,关系词只能选用that①当先行词为不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything 时Is there anything that I can do for you?②当先行词为不定代词all 时Mr. Li does all that he can to do his work well.③ 当先行词被 all, some, any 修饰时These are all the things that I have done today.④当先行词被the only, the very 修饰时This is the only computer that he often turns to for help.⑤ 当先行词被序数词,形容词最高级修饰时This is the cleaning room that you can see here.⑥time 作先行词,前面有序数词或last 修饰时This is the last time that I ’ll give y oupocket m o n e y.⑦ 尽管先行词指人,但关系词在句中作表语时。

定语从句详解(很全)

定语从句详解(很全)

定语从句定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。

被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。

定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。

关系代词有:who,whom,whose,that,which,as。

关系副词有:when,where,why,how。

关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起连接作用,同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。

当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。

定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。

定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

一、定语从句的翻译许多英语初学者往往弄不明白为什么引导定语从句的关系词which不能译为“哪一个”,who不能译为“谁”,when不能译为“什么时候”,where不能译为“什么地方”,等等。

首先,我们必须要明白一点,那就是引导定语从句的which,who,when,where,why等是关系词(关系代词或关系副词),而不是疑问词,所以不能按疑问词的意思来理解。

前面我们讲到,英语中的定语从句总是后置的,即要放在被修饰名词或代词之后;但在汉语中,定语通常是前置的,也就是说定语要放在被修饰名词的前面,并通常表现为“……的”这样的形式。

当我们翻译英语中定语从句的时候,一般可以按汉语习惯,将定语从句翻译在被修饰的名词或代词之前,而其中的关系词一般就是译成汉语中的“……的”。

如:He showed me the article that he had written.他把他写的文章拿给我看。

句中的that he had written为修饰名词the article的定语从句,翻译时就可译为“他写的文章”,其中的关系代词that在此译成了“的”字。

She was not in the train which arrived just now.她不在刚到的那列火车上。

定语从句的用法

定语从句的用法

定语从句的用法一、定语从句1、定义定语从句(Attributive Clause)是一个附加于名词或代词之上的句子,它用来形容前面的名词或代词。

它的作用是限定或说明某个名词或代词所指的人或事物,是一种非常重要的句子结构。

2、关系词在定语从句中,关系词(Relative Pronoun)的作用是连接主句和定语从句,并将定语从句中的成分与主句中的某个成分联系起来。

一般而言,我们常用关系代词who, whom, whose, which和that来引出定语从句。

关系代词who 指人whom 指人whose 指人或物which 指物that 指人、物或事3、定语从句的构成(1)定语从句通常由关系代词在定语从句中引出关系,并在从句中担任某一成份的角色;(2)定语从句的谓语动词也可由一些连接词(link verb)连接,如be, feel, look, seem, smell, taste, remain,常用于定语从句中;(3)定语从句中如果省略结构,就不能用who/whom来引导定语从句;(4)定语从句中由关系副词引导而不是关系代词。

4、定语从句的用法(1)定语从句可以用来限定、修饰某个名词或代词,例如:The movie《Titanic》, which was released in1997, is still popular today.(《泰坦尼克号》,1997年上映,至今仍颇受欢迎。

)(2)定语从句可以用来替代某个句子中的某个成分,如:My sister, who lives in Beijing, is a doctor.(我在北京居住的姐姐是一位医生。

)(3)定语从句可以用来表示地点,例如:She lives in a small village where there are few people.(她住在一个人很少的小村庄里。

)(4)定语从句可以用来表示时间,例如:He was born in 1992 when the economy began to boom.(他出生在1992年,那时经济开始繁荣。

(完整版)定语从句

(完整版)定语从句

定语从句定语从句在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。

定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。

关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。

关系副词有:when, where, why等。

1 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。

关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1)who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中作主语和宾语。

例如:Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗?He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。

2) whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换)。

例如:They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3)which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。

例如:A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。

The package (which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。

2 关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。

(完整版)定语从句语法详解

(完整版)定语从句语法详解

定语从句语法专题(Attributive Clauses)教案一. 定语从句的概述:1.定语从句:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

在句中做定语,被修饰的名词或代词,叫做先行词。

从句通常放在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引导。

其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

eg She is the girl(who got the first prize.)girl先行词who充当从句主语, 从句做定语修饰girlThis is the boy who broke the window.这就是打破窗子的孩子。

the boy是先行词, who broke the window是限制性定语从句, 明确指出theboy是打破窗子的那个孩子,who 在从句中充当主语That is the house where he lived ten years ago.He is the man who/that lives next door.He is the man who I want to see.先行词关系词定语从句复合句: 是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子, 复合句中的主句和从句都具有完整的的主语和谓语, 主句是复合句的主体, 可以独立存在, 从句需要有一个连词引导, 是修饰说明主句的, 不能独立存在, 根据在句中的不同作用, 从句可以分为三类: 定语从句, 名词性从句, 状语从句。

二. 引导定语从句的关系词有两大类:1.关系词:引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词: that, who, whom, whose, which, as(主, 宾, 定)关系副词: when, where, why.(状语)2.关系词的作用:(1)引导定语从句, 在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用;(2)代替先行词在句中充当成分。

定语从句总结(精辟)

定语从句总结(精辟)

定语从句: 1) 定语从句的定义在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。

被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。

引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

关系词包括关系代词who(宾格whom,所有格whose),that, which 和关系副词where, when, why 等。

The boy who is wearing a black coat bought a dictionary yesterday.The noodles that(which)my mother cooked were delicious.The school where I learned judo was very large.I remember the day when our band was formed.I don’t know the reason why she got so angry this morning.2) 定语从句的种类:定语从句可以分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。

(1)限定性定语从句:它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。

这种从句与主句的关系十分密切,书写时不可用逗号分开。

如果关系代词在限定性定语从句中作宾语,关系代词通常可以省略。

Do you know the girl who just came in?Shanghai is a city(that)I’ve always wanted to visit.Her sister married a man (who/whom/that) she met on a plane.The time when I first met Mr. White was a very difficult period of my life.(2)非限定性定语从句:它只是对先行词作附加补充说明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚完整。

英语语法讲解之定语从句

英语语法讲解之定语从句

英语语法讲解之定语从句一、几个基本概念1.定义:用作定语的从句叫定语从句。

2.先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。

3.位置:紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。

4.引导词:引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。

﹙1﹚关系代词:that/who/which/whom/whose﹙2﹚关系副词:when/where/why﹙3﹚引导词的位置:位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。

﹙4﹚引导词的功能(作用):①连接先行词和定语从句。

②在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语,关系副词充当状语)。

5.定语从句的类型:﹙1﹚限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。

①直接由引导词引导定语从句Eg.The man who you’re talking to is my friend.②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导Eg.The man to whom you’re talking is my friend.=I need a pen with which I can write a letter.=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.=介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定,该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前,也可放在相关动词之后。

例如:The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.※﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。

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定语从句重点学习:关系词的选择;注意时态和主谓一致定语从句:含义关系词:关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that,as关系副词when, where, why, that限制性和非限制性(特点和用法):注意事项:一些连接词的区别、主谓一致、时态、“介词+关系代词”结构一含义:1 含义:担任定语功能的句子称为定语从句。

由于在句中的作用相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句。

eg. Do you know the girl who is singing on the stage?This is the museum which was built last year.I'll forever cherish(珍惜) the days when I studied abroad.Let's find a place where we can have a picnic.2 被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。

连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词。

定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导,关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作从句中的一个成分。

二定语从句的连接词:关系词的作用:1连接作用:连接先行词和定语从句2 替代先行词:在从句中作成分:相当于先行词的成分无本词意义:意义与先行词一样引导定语从句的关系代词有that, who, whom, whose, which,as等;关系副词有when, where, why1 关系代词的用法:关系代词指代的是先行词,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。

作宾语时,口语中常省略;如果关系代词作介词的宾语且介词在关系代词的前面,关系代词不能省略。

⑴who, whom的用法:①二者都用于指人。

在现代英语里,who可以取代whom在从句中作动词的宾语。

eg. I happened to meet the scientist (who/whom) I got to know at a conference in the shopping center yesterday.昨天在购物中心,我碰巧遇见了在某次会议上认识的科学家。

He is the man who lives next door.Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields.②在从句中作介词的宾语,且直接跟在介词后面的关系代词,只能用whom,不能与who通用。

eg. Yesterday I came acrossthe man about whom you talked last time.昨天我偶然遇到了你上次提到过的那个人⑵whose指人或物,在从句中作定语。

指物时“whose+Mingci ”可用“限定词+名词+of which”或“of which+限定词+名词”来代替。

eg. Do you know the girl whose French is excellent? 你认识那个法语非常好的姑娘吗?They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 大家都跑过去帮车坏了的那个人的忙。

Please pass me the book whose cover is green.=Please pass me the book the cover of whichis green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。

⑶which 一般指物,在从句中作主语、宾语,。

which指人时往往指婴儿或人的品质,也可以用来引导整个主句的定语从句。

eg. The train which has just left is for Xi’an.刚开走的火车是驶向西安的。

The river which runs through the centre of the city brings us lots of pleasures.This is the book (which) you are looking for.⑷that用于指人或物。

指人时可与who, whom互换,指物时可与which互换。

在从句中作主语或宾语,表语。

作介词的宾语时,介词不能放在that之前,若介词提前用which或whom等其他词代替。

eg. The sick man (that/who/whom) Mary is looking after is her father.玛丽正在照顾的病人是她的父亲。

Jack is no longer the person (that/who/whom) I met five years ago.杰克不再是五年前我见到的杰克了。

Views that/which are entirely new or foreign may also be hard to accept.那些全新的或是来自国外的观点或许也很难被接受。

⑸as的用法:as引导的定语从句主要用于两种情况:一种是限制性定语从句,先行词有so, such,the same修饰;一种是先行词是整个主句的非限定性定语从句。

①用于先行词是人或物并且有as, so, such, the same等修饰时并且在从句中作主语或宾语.eg. We haven’t so much food as you need.我们没有你需要的那么多食物了。

(as作need的宾语)You can take as many books as you need.你需要多少书就拿多少书。

I haven't so much money as you want.我没有你需要的那么多钱。

Jeffrey is not such an intelligent person as you think.杰弗里不像你认为的那样有才智。

Such people as have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected.那些对世界作出巨大贡献的人应受到极大的尊重。

注:such…that…引导结果状语从句,that在从句中不作任何成分,口语中可以省略。

eg. Jeffrey is not such a diligent student as you think.杰弗里不是你认为的那么勤奋的学生。

(作宾语)Television has such great influence (that) it can make a person famous overnight.电视有如此大的影响力,它可以让你一夜成名。

(that在从句中不作成分)the same…that表示“同一个,就是哪一个”the same…as表示“与……一样(但不是同一个)”eg. This is the same book that I lost yesterday.这就是我昨天丢的那本书。

This is the same book as I lost yesterday.这与我昨天丢的那本书一样。

②用于先行词是整个主句的非限定性定语从句:在从句中主语、宾语。

as在此类定语从句中含有“正如”的意思。

这类定语从句可以放在句首、句中,句尾。

eg. He is a great hero, as is described in the report. 正如报道中描述的那样,他是一个伟大的英雄。

She, as we all know, can speak three foreign languages. 正如我们都知道的那样,她会说三门外语。

As we had expected, the plan worked out very well.正如我们预料的,这个计划结果非常好。

2 关系副词的用法:关系副词主要有when, where, why, that等,在定语从句中作状语。

关系副词一般不可省略。

⑴when的用法:when指时间,在从句中作时间状语。

它的先行词通常为time, day, norning, week,year等表示时间的名词。

有时也可和部分介词一起引导定语从句。

eg. She went to study abroad two years ago, since when I haven’t heard from her.她两年前出国留学了,从那以后我没有收到她的来信。

I still remember the time when I first traveled by plane.Do you know the date when Lincoln was born?⑵where指地点,在从句中作地点状语。

它的先行词通常为place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等表示地点的名词。

where引导的定语从句好可以放在from后。

eg. This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.Keep the books in a place where you can find them easily.He did all his research in the room where he lived.The littli boy hid himself behind the door, from where he could see his mum enter the room.⑶why指原因或理由,它的先行词只有reason,在定语从句中作原因状语。

eg. Is this the reason why she refused to offer help?这句是她拒绝提供帮助的理由吗?I don't want to listen to any reason why you were absent.缺席⑷that的用法:that可以用来表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词之后,取代when, where, why 和“介词+which”引导定语从句。

修饰的先行词常为the way, the time, the day, the place, the places 等。

在口语中,that可以省略。

eg. It took us two hours to find a small river with clean water (that/where/in which) we could see fish swimming.我们花了两个小时的时间才找到一条清澈的可以看到游鱼的小河。

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