国际物流专业英语第4单元. Container Transportation
Unit4 transportation and distribution物流专业英语 配送.
Text 1 Transportation Mode
coal timber grain haul bulk environmental inflexibility schedule terminal
n. 煤 n. 木材 n. 粮食，谷物 n. 拖拉，运输 adj. 大批的，散装的 adj. 环境的 n. 不变性 n. 时间表 n. 终点站，终端
Text 1 Transportation Mode
vehicle pollution congestion emerge maritime canal tremendously proportion emergency
n. 车辆，交通工具 n. 污染 n. 堵塞，阻塞 v. 显现，形成 adj. 海运的，海上的 n. 运河 adv. 非常的，惊人的 n. 部分，比例 n. 紧急情况，紧急事件
Text 1 Transportation Mode
【Para 3】Road Transportation（公路运输）
Road transport is widely used in inland delivery of goods. This mode tends to be used for higher-value and lower-volume cargo over relatively short distance. It is capable of providing a door to door service. It has not any break in the journey to change from one vehicle to another. So it can be flexible enough to perform “just-in-time” delivery. Any work place in the country can be serviced by road.
物流专业英语课后习题答案
Exercises 1Part II Vocabulary exercises1. B2. C3. D4.B5. D6. B7. A8. C9. C 10. BII Fill in the blanks with words or phrases from the list below:1.“Logistics” is a term, which originates from both the army and French. According tothe French, the Baron of Jomini, who of Swiss origin who had served in Napoleon’sarmy before joining the Russians and who later founded the Military Academy of St.Petersburg, first used the term in the early 19th century. So in a military sense, theterm ‘logistics’ encompasses transport organization, army replenishments andmaterial maintenance.2.Logistics deals with satisfying the customer. This implies that management must firstunderstand what those requirements are before a logistics strategy can be developedand implemented to meet them. As will be discussed in more detail later, customerservice is the most important output of an organization’s logistics system. This focuson customer satisfaction will be emphasized through the text just as it should be inthe firm.Part III Vocabulary exercises1. B2. D3. A4.C5. D6.D7.A8.A9.C 10. AII Fill in the blanks with words or phrases from the list below:1.Transportation refers to the physical movement of goods from a point of origin to apoint of consumption and can involve raw materials being brought into theproduction process and/or finished goods being shipped out to the customer.2.Since these inputs can have a direct impact on both the cost and quality of the finalproduct/service offered to the consumer, this activity is vital to the overall success ofthe logistics effort. In addition, the move away from local sourcing in favor of globalbuying has complicated this entire process dramatically in recent years.Part IIII Vocabulary exercises1. D2.C3.B4.D5. A6. C7. D8. D9. B 10. CII Fill in the blanks with words or phrases from the list below:1.Cost has a relation to service. They go hand in hand. As you define your serviceagainst your costs or costs against service, the give and take develops into youroperating costs and budgets. Then you have to make sure that the cost can bemanaged. Otherwise costs can go out of control, or seem to.2.Logistics is a process, which runs from the vendor's door through to the customer's. Itinteracts with almost every group within the company and with many companiesoutside the company, including its customers. Effective logistics revolves around fivekey issues--movement of product, movement of information, time/service, cost andintegration. Each of this is critical to the success of logistics and to creatingvalue-added to the company and improving competitiveness.Exercises 2Part II Vocabulary exercises1. A2. B3. B4.B5.A6. B7. B8.B9. A 10. A 11. B 12. B 13. B 14. B 15.DPart III Vocabulary exercises1. A2.C3.A4. D5.A6. D7.B8. B9. D 10. B II Structure1. C2. C3.C4.D5.CPart IIII Vocabulary exercises1.A2. B3. C4. A5. A6.C7.A8. CII Structure1.C2. C3. C4. A5. BExercisesPart II. Click on the word or phrase that fits the sentence:. The Public sector ______an important role in transport, through the construction, ownership and control of roads, railroads and in most countries.(A) do (B) get (C) play (D) plays2. This does not only relate to the handling techniques, _______to the equipment itself.(A) and (B) which (C) but also (D) too3. A ship may be moved from one trade or route to another, _______a port cannot be moved.(A) that (B) which (C) while (D) why4. The high cost of provision, longevity and scale economies associated _______the fixed componentscreate tendencies towards monopoly control, while the ease of entry, flexibility and lack of scale effetstend to stimulate competition in the mobile sector.(A) on (B) in (C) to (D) with5. Public authorities are most often responsible (1) planning, construction and maintenance of the fixed elements of transport, the infrastructure. It is assumed that their main (2) is to secure the international trade to and from a region or a country. But the investments they are willing to undertake must in most cases be demonstrated to have a viable economic basis through projections of cargo flows and (3) national gains. The careful planning and (4) of road and port projects are examples of this. The shipowners, as the suppliers of ships, will have similar interests in evaluating the cargo flow to and from a specific area. But as they operate internationally and their ships most likely serve other regions or countries, at least in liner operations, their considerations will have a wider scope within some profit motive. They may not be willing to add capacity to a service to cater for local needs.(1) (A) on (B) in (C) to (D) for(2) (A) objective (B) object (C) objectively (D) objecting(3) (A) result (B) resulting (C) results (D) resulted(4) (A) evaluation (B) improvement (C) development (D) increaseII. Fill in the blanks with words or phrases from the list below:1. mobile, relate, infrastructure,influenced, link, consists,(1) The _____elements are also generally cheap.(2) This does not only ______to the cargo handling techniques, but also to the equipment itself.(3) It is the features of the fixed and mobile components of transport that have _______the present institutional arrangements in the industry.(4) A particularly important ________ between transport and development is in international interaction.(5) A transport system _______of inland transport, ports and ocean going vessels.(6) The importance of building up a transport that involves considerable cost has madethis a widely accepted public task.Part IIExercises:I. Click on the word or phrase that fits the sentence:1. The capability to efficiently transport large tonnage over long distance is the main reason _____ continue to handle significant inter-city tonnage and revenue.(A) motor carrier (B) water transport (C) railroads (D) pipelines2. _______is the oldest mode of transportation(A) Motor carrier (B) Water transport (C) Railroads (D) Air transport3. _____ can not be transported by pipelines.(A) gas (B) general cargo (C) liquid (D) slurry4. One ______aspect of air transport is the high cost.(A) prohibitive (B) limited (C) obstacle (D) advantage5. There has been an increasing _ (1)__ on these vehicles both in developed and in developing country. The construction of motorway and trunk road network, the concentration of manufacture into bigger production units and the general trend towards containerization have supported and (2) to this trend. Road transport shares the road or highway (3) other user. The (4) of roads are normally financed either through direct taxes (toll roads), by petrol or other indirect taxes or by combination.(1) (A) to rely (B) rely (C) relied (D) reliance(2) (A) lead (B) led (C) leading (D) to lead(3) (A) with (B) on (C) and (D) in(4) (A) build (B) building (C) manufacture (D) constructII. Fill in the blanks with words or phrases from the list below:. unique, complementary, extremely, ranks, shifted, reduced,(1). The basic nature of a pipeline is ______in comparison to all other modes of transport.(2) Water transport _______ between rail and motor carrier in respect to fixed cost.(3) The replacement of steam by diesel power ______ the railroads’ variable cost per ton-mile.(4) In many situations road and rail transport may be seen as ______ rather than a competitor.(5) Port and freight station are places where goods are _____from one mode of transport to another.(6) The main advantage of water transportation is the capacity to move large shipments.Part IIIExercises:I. Click on the word or phrase that fits the sentence:1. According to the passage, transport economics is influenced by _______factors.(A) five (B) six (C) seven (D) eight2. ______ is a major influence on transportation cost since it directly contribute to variable cost, such as labor, fuel and maintenance.(A) Product density (B) Stowability (C) Market (D) Distance3. Items with standard rectangular shapes are much easier to stow ______odd-shaped items(A) with (B) than (C) to (D) at4. The bill of lading serves as a receipt and documents commodities and quantities ______.(A) ship (B) shipped (C) shipping(D) to ship5. The multi-modal transport operator (MTO) acts (1) the principal for the performance of the multi-modal transport contract and, in (2) capacity undertakes to contract and provide for the different modes of transport and other services required for expeditious, efficient and safe transport of goods from the place where he takes the goods in charge to the place where he deliver the goods (3) the contract. In the execution of the contract he has necessarily to engage the services of several carriers such as shipowners, road operators, railways, airlines or inland water way operators in addition to non-carriers like terminal operators, warehouses, container freight stations, groupage or consolidation depots, container (4) organizations or freight forwarders.(1) (A) on (B) as (C) to (D) at(2) (A) which (B) what (C) that (D) where(3) (A) according to (B) due to (C) because (D) in addition to(4) (A) lending (B) borrowing (C) owning (D) leasingII. Fill in the blanks with words or phrases from the list below:Applied , decreases, arrange, delivery, lists, required(1) Special handling equipment may be for loading or unloading trucks, railcars, or ships.(2) Transportation cost per unit of weight ________as load volume increases.(3) The shipping manifest ______ individual stops or consignees when multiple shipments are placed on a single vehicle.(4) The primary task of forwarding is to ______ international transport of general cargo on behalf of others.(5) Export rates may reduce total cost if to domestic origin or destination line-haul transport.(6). In many situations the place of ______ of a cargo may not be known at the time of loading. A typical example is oil.Answers:Part I I.1.D 2.C 3.C 4.D 5.CBDC II. (1)mobile (2)relate (3)influenced (4)link (5)consists(6) infrastructurePart II I.1.C 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.DBAB II. (1)unique (2)ranks (3)reduced (4)complementary(5)shifted (6) extremelyPart III I.1.C 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.BAAC II.(1)required (2)decreases (3)lists (4)arrange (5)applied(6)deliveryChapter IV ExercisesPart II. Click on the word or phrase that fits the sentence:1.Contract warehousing, which is ______ from the public warehouse segment, provides benefitsof both the private and public alternative.(A)to evolve (B)evolving (C)develop(D)development2. A private warehouse is operated by the firm _______ the product.(A)owning (B)own (C) have (D) has3. Public warehouses frequently offer operating and management expertise ______ warehousing istheir core business.(A)because of (B)since (C)that(D) which4. There are contract warehouses capable of _______ total logistics responsibility for enterprises that desire only to manufacture and market.(A) assume (B) assuming (C) respond(D) responding5. The major benefits of private warehousing (1) control, flexibility, cost, and other (2) benefits. Private warehouses provide more control since the enterprise has absolute decision-making authority over all activities and priorities in the facility. This control (3) the ability to integrate warehouse operations with the (4) of the firm’s logistics.(1) (A) include (B) includes (C) include to (D) is to include to(2) (A) perception (B) intangible (C) tangible (D) advantage(3) (A) facilitates (B) available (C) have (D) provide(4) (A) other (B) that (C) rest (D) allII. Fill in the blanks with words or phrases from the list below:standardized, specialized, combines, substantial, results, application,(1) Public warehouse operators generally offer relatively _______ service to all clients(2) A warehouse requires _______ material-handling activities.(3) Firms with very _______ customers or products are often motivated to develop their own warehouse facilities.(4) Contract warehousing _______ the best characteristics of both private and public operations.(5) This ______ in high-volume operations that can spread fixed costs and justify more efficient handling equipment.(6) ABC analysis is an inventory _______ of what is known as the Pareto Principle.Part 2Practice:I. Click on the word or phrase that fits the sentence:1 _____are utilized in the combination with four-wheel trailers on a continuous power basis.(A) Forklift truck (B) Towlines (C) Conveyors(D) Carousels2. A pallet or slip sheet forms a platform upon _____ master cartons are stacked.(A) that (B) which (C) where (D) why3. It is not as economical _______ the towline because it requires greater labor participation and is often idle.(A) on (B) at (C) such (D) as4. Typical application _____ selection of individual packages in pack-and repack and service parts operation.(A) involve (B) involving (C) involves (D) to involve5. The holding of the inventory is risk with because of the capital's investment and the potential for _(1)__. First, investment for inventory cannot be used _(2)__ other goods or assets that could improve the enterprise performance. Alternatively, funds supporting inventory investment must be borrowed, (3) the firm' s interest expense. A second form of risk is the possibility that the product will be pilfered or become obsolete. These factors and the relative magnitude of assets that are inventory-related contribute substantially to the risk of most enterprises. It is important to understand that the nature and extent of risk vary (4) on an enterprise' s position in the distribution cha nnel.(1) (A) lack (B) over time (C) obsolescence (D) broken(2) (A) to obtain (B) get (C) have (D) obtain(3) (A) rising (B) raising (C) increasing (D) developing(4) (A) depend (B) to depend (C) depends (D) dependingII. Fill in the blanks with words or phrases from the list below:advancements, indicates, merchandise, automated, installation, development(1) Forklift trucks are most effectively utilized in shipping and receiving, and to place _______ in high cube storage.(2) Considerable ________ have been made in automated-guided vehicle system.(3) A series of lights or a “light tree” in front of each pick location _______ the number if items to pick from each location.(4) A number of _______ decoupling devices have been perfected that route trailers from the main line to selected shipping docks.(5) In-floor _______ is costly to modify and difficult to maintain from a housekeeping viewpoint.(6) An exciting and revolutionary technological ______ for managing a firm’s operation is the Internet.Part IIIExercises:I. Click on the word or phrase that fits the sentence:1. _____ we may think of service as not having inventory , that is not the case.(A) since (B) but (C) although (D) so2. Finished goods inventory is completed awaiting shipment.(A) cargo (B) goods (C) product (D) things3. _____ inventory is the minimum inventory necessary to keep a perfect system running.(A) WIP (B) MROs (C) ABC analysis (D) JIT4. It is not realistic to monitor inexpensive items with the same intensity _______ very expensive items.(A) with (B) so (C) as (D) to5. E-commerce is revolutionizing the way operations managers achieve (1) efficiencies. Economical collaboration can (2) decision-making and reduce costs. Cost reduction can occur in transaction (3) , purchasing efficiencies, inventory reduction, scheduling, and logistics. Stragglers won’t just be left behind---they will be eliminated. Operations personnel (4) use e-commence to their advantage will overpower their rival.(1) (A) bigger (B) greater (C) less (D) smaller(2) (A) improve (B) rise (C) lift (D) increase(3) (A) working (B) making (C) processing (D) doing(4) (A) that (B) who (C) which (D) whereII. Fill in the blanks with words or phrases from the list below:common, technologies, lack, consideration, benefits, generated,(1) Scale economies refer to the ability to reduce material-handling and storage cost through application of advanced _______.(2) The most ______ value-added service relate to packaging.(3) Operation of early warehouse illustrated the ______ of concern with material-handling principles.(4) Service ________ gained through warehouses in a logistical system may or may not reduce costs.(5) Supply requests are ______ as a pick list at the inventory center.(6) Management of service inventory deserves some special ________Answers:Part I: I.1.B 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.ABAC II. (1)standardized (2)substantial (3)specialized(4)combines(5)results (6)applicationPart II: I.1.B 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.CABD II.(1)merchandise (2)advancement (3)indicates(4)automated(5)installation (6)developmentPart III: I.1.C 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.BACA II.(1)technologies (2)common (3)lack (4)consideration(5)generated (6)benefitsExercisesPart II. Click on the word or phrase that fits the sentence:1.Prior (1) the 1980s, a significant portion of the information flows between functional areas (2) an organization and between logistics organization were paper-based.(1) (A) in (B) at (C) to√( D) on(2) (A) within√(B) with (C) in (D) to2.However, firms that are embarking logistics management initiatives now recognize the vital importance of information and the technologies that make this information available.(A)on (B)upon√(C)in (D)at3.Through a of agreements with giant retail customer ,P&G has made a major commitment to the development of dedicated customer teams to handle these major accounts.(A)lot (B)number (C)serious (D)series√4.Continuing through the supply chain, P&G orders to its supplier, 3M, indicated the mostof all.(A)Alternation (B)variability√(C)change (D)difference5.Several interorganizatonal come into play when addressing information sharing across the logistics.(A)Dynamics√(B)initiative (C)purpose (D)determinantII. Put the words or phrases in the box under the correct headings.III.. Fill in the blanks with words or phrases from the list below:1.phenomenon, impacts, access, objective, distorted,facilitate(1) Four causes of this .phenomenon,were identified.(2) In fact, distorted information from one end of logistics to the other can lead to tremendous inefficiencies.(3) A primary objective of these teams is to facilitate the sharing of information between the firms.(4) This consolidation impacts the entire supply chain.(5) Fewer and fewer firms control access to customer trading areas.2. capabilities, demonstrate, impeded, deliberate, approach, technique(1) Just-in-time, or JIT, is a philosophy as much as it is a technique.(2) The conventional approach to meeting customer requirements is based upon some form of statistical inventory control.(3) This approach also impeded efforts to develop and capitalize on successful interorganizational ventures.(4) The Wal-Mart and P&G experience demonstrate how information sharing can be utilized for mutual advantage.(5) However , only as the variety of available information technologies and capabilities began to emerge.3.transactions, unreliable, accurate, crucial, resources, bullwhip, executives(1) Timely and accurate information is more critical now than at any time in the history of American business.(2) Information is a crucial factor in the manager’s abilities to reduce inventory and human resources requirements to a competitive level..(3) Distorted information throughout the logistics is a common result from what logistics executives at P&G and other organizations have termed the bullwhip effect.(4) These paper-based transactions and communications were slow, unreliable and error prone.Part III. Match the meanings to their actual explanation1.order cycle time ( )2.order status information( )3.background information( )4.IOIS ( )5.documentation quality ( )6.business systems planning ( )A . Interorganizational Information SystemB. Time from customer order to delivery. Standards should be defined against customer’s stated requirements.C. Procedures or hot line for informing customers of potential problems on stock availability or delivery.D. Identification of problems and decisions associated with an organizational process and determines what information is needed to address them.E. The error rate on invoices, delivery notes and other customer communications, and also the documentation “user friendly” is necessary.F. Information required by decision makers in the member organizations to effectively andefficiently perform their roles within the logistics.II. Click on the word or phrase that fits the sentence:1.The participants indicated that current approaches used to share information internally, and with suppliers and customers, are in themselves to improving cycle-time performance..A. detestB. detachC. detersiveD. deterrents√2.Clearly, the main point of for improving cycle-time performance across the supply chain was “informating”.A. leverage √B. letupC. liableD. legal3.A (1) theme in the cycle-time problems discussed by the participating organizations was a critical (2) of information.(1)A. recurrence B. recurring √ C. repeated D. recycle(2)A. lacking B. wanting C. lack √ D. shortage4.To the information process, the research team decided to explore the development of an IOIS.A. facilitate √B. pushC. implementD. enhance5.This is not valid.A. assuranceB. supposeC. assumption √D. assuringIII. Read this articles about the logistics information system. Are this statements true(T) or false(F)?Increasingly, it seems that successful companies have one thing in common—their use of information and information technology (IT) to achieve quick response. Information systems are re-shaping the organization and also the nature of the linkages between organizations. Information has always been central to the efficient management of logistics but now, enabled by technology, it is providing the driving force for competitive logistics strategy.We are now starting to see the emergence of integrated logistics system that link the operations of the business, such as production and distribution, with the supplier’s operations on the one hand and the customer on the other. These systems are often referred to generically as Enterprise Planning Systems or Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). Already it is the case that companies can literally link the replenishment of product in the marketplace with their upstream operations and those of their suppliers through the use of shared information. The use of these systems has the potential to convert supply chains into demand chains in the sense that the system can now respond to known demand rather than having to anticipate that demand through a forecast.1. Because of the good linkages between organizations, a logistics enterprise can response quickly.( )2.The efficient management of logistics mainly depends on the IT system.( )3.Production scheduling is the driving force of the competitive logistics strategy. ( )4. Production and distribution are the emergence of integrated logistics system. ( )5. The use of shared information enable the logistics company to convert supply chains intodemand chains. ( )6.Responding to known demand will be more efficient than having to anticipate that demand through a forecast. ( )Part IIII. Click on the word or phrase that fits the sentence:1. Today , a laptop computer weighing 5 pounds exceeds all of the power of an old mainframe by several order s of .A. capacityB. magnitude √C. volumeD. content3. The of new telecommunications and computer technology has also made real-time, on-line communications throughout the entire logistics a reality.A. increaseB. inflationC. raiseD. proliferation√4.One of the major of traditional logistics is the lack ofplanning between logistics partners.A. weakness √B. defectC. faultD. fallingA. collaborationB. collaborative √C. collaborationismD. corporation5.Many organizations are some form of IOIS.A. accomplishB.implementing √C. enforceD. complete6.What makes these systems so important is the caused by inaccurate forecasts.A. instability √B. wavyC. volatilityD. unsteadinessII. Match the meanings to their actual explanation1.Global inventory management2.Intercompany information access3.Total logistics management4.Global sourcing5.Data capture6.Data interchangeA. consolidation of the purchasing function across organizational lines, facilitating leverage and component standardization across business units.B. integrating all transportation ordering and manufacturing system.C. ability to locate and track the movement of every item.D. between affiliates and nonaffiliated through standard telecommunications channels.E. ability to acquire data about an order at the point of origin, and to track products during movement and as their characteristics change.F. clarity of production and demand information residing in organizations both upstream and downstream throughout the value chain.III. Complete the missing information of the following form of the “Functions of a logistics informati on system” with the given phrases.D. system performanceE. internal dataF. customer order statusG. production schedulingH. inventory availabilityI. carrier performancePart IVI. Click on the word or phrase that fits the sentence:1.How to best value from information technology resources is a major challenge facing both business and IT manager.A. wringB. distortionsC. extractD. extort√2.The development of software applications to logistics management is currently a hotbed of activity, promising continued growth into the future.A. relevantB. applicableC. significantD. pertinent√3. This software provides an end-to-end enterprise resource planning solution .incorporating the most advanced supply chain planning available.A. capabilities √B. abilitiesC. fitnessD. competency4. EDI improves productivity through faster information transmission as well as reduced information entry .A. reduplicateB. redundantC. redundancy √D. redundantly5.The great advantage of this approach was that it made the internet virtually .A. undeservedB. indestructible √C. indistinctD. indestructiveII. Fill in the blanks with words or phrases from the list below:1.profitable, potential , maintenance, utilized, tremendouslyA.EDI is also tremendously beneficial in counteracting the bullwhip effect described earlier in this chapter.B. The Internet offers tremendous potential for logistics members to share information in a timely and cost-effective manner.C.GE is now the most profitable U.S. company from the electronic commerce.D. Electronic commerce i s the term used to describe the wide range of tools and techniques utilized to conduct business in paperless environment.E. In the development and maintenance of the logistics’ information systems, both hardware and software must be addressed.2. significant, meld, numerous, exaggerations, replenishment1.GE will also release software to meld traditional EDI with the Internet,2.Electronic commerce is having a significant effect on how organizations conduct business.3.The benefit of EDI are numerous .4.They have implemented EDI to support their continuous replenishment program with many of their customers.5.Through the use of EDI, logistics partners can overcome the distortions and exaggerations in supply and demand information.3.scanning, legacy, maintained, coupon, sponsoredanizations adopt distributed computing architectures while they leverage their isolated legacy systems.2.In most cases, a data warehouse is a consolidated database maintained separately from an organization’s produc tion system database.3.Separate production systems may track sales and coupon mailings.4.The Internet was an initiative sponsored by the U.S> Department of Defense.5.Bar coding and electronic scanning are identification technologies that facilitate information collection and exchange.。
物流专业英语词汇
Destination 目的地Assembling 组装Barcode scanning 条形码扫描Fumigation 熏蒸GOH 挂衣处理CFS 集装箱货运代理Broker 中间人Stuffing 装箱Carrier 承运人LSP 物流服务提供者IATA 国际航空运输协会Booking space 订舱NVOCC 无船承运人呢Cartage 搬运EDI电子数据交换Terminal 集散中心 /终端TEU 20英尺柜的集装箱Bonded trucking 保税托运Exhibition logistics 展品物流Project cargo 项目货物Outbound 外运CMA 达飞Agency network 网络代理Shipper 收货人Charter vessel 租船Customs brokerage 保管经济Import and export cargoes 进出口货物Accounting settlement 会计结算Space booking 订舱Charter services 包机服务CAAC中国民航总同IATA 中国航空运输协会Price-lists 价格单Catalogues 目录Trade discounts 贸易折扣Terms of payment 付款方式The commercia councilor'sOffice 商务处Lowest quotation 最低报价For your reference 供你方参号Enquiries 询盘Offers 圾盘Counte-offers 还盘Non-firm offer 虚盘Firm offer 实盘CFR 成本加运费The borad of directors 董事长FOB成本保险加运费All-in rate 全包价BAF燃油附加费DDC 目的地运送费Carrier 承运人T/T 电汇Rates ex-shanghai 上海交货价Payment terms 付款条件CIF washington 华盛顿Ouf of stock 缺货Proforma invoice 形成发票Outer packing 外装Inner packing 内包装Non-negotiable bill of lading不可转让的提单Insurance policy 保险单Certificate of quality 质量证明书ETA=estimated time of arrival 估计到达时间ETD=estimated time of departure预计出发时间Carriage forward 运费时间The packaging must be seaworthy and strong enough to stand rough handling包装必须适合海运，足够牢固，经得起野蛮搬运AWB 航空提单Point of origin 产地Point of consumption 销地Supply chain management 供应链管理Waste disposal 废物处理Marketing orientation 营销定位Post-sale support 售后服务Reverse distribution 逆向配送Logistics management 物流管理Raw material 原材料Time and place utility 时间与地点效应Inventory control 库存控制Traffic and transportation 交通运输Warehousing and storage 仓储和储藏Material handling 物料搬运Proprietary asset 专有资产GNP 国民生产总值GDP 国内生产总值Prospective customer潜在顾客Freight forward 货运代理Market coverage市场覆盖面Loss and damage performance 货损，货差Railroad sorting yards 铁路编组站The lift capacity 装载量Distribution center 配送中心Marine shipping 海运Packaged products 包装产品Bills of lading 提单Freight bills 运费单Shipping manifests 载货清单Receipt 收据Damage claims 损坏销售Terms and conditions 条款Acts of God 不可抗力ICC 国际商会negotiable bill of lading 可转让提单Original bill of lading 原提单a third party 第三方Prepaid 预付Point of origin 产地Collect 到付Consignee 收货人EDI 电子数据交换Prospective customer 潜在的客户Piggyback 背负试运输Freight forwarders 货运代理Market coverage 市场覆盖面Loss and damage 货损货差Point-to-point service 逐点服务Door-to-door service 门到门服务Physical distribution 实物配送Sales performance 营销业绩Profit potential 利润潜力Zero defect service 零缺服务Marketing strategy 营销策略Intensive distribution 集约式分销Selective distribution选择性分销Exclusive distribution 独家分销Retailers 零销商Wholesaler 批发商Exclusive franchise 独家特殊权DC 配送中心JIT 及时Point of sales 销售点Value-added services 增值服务Efficient consumer response 有效客户反应Final assembly 总装Physical distribution 实物配送Distribution center 配送中心Point of sales 销售点Total cost 总成本Transportation economics运输经营LTL 零担运价Field warehouse 产地仓储Volume purchase 批量购买Order selection 分拣Quantity discounts 折扣Point of origin 产地Field warehouse 产地仓库LTL rate 零担运价Quantity discount 数量折扣Order cycle 订单周期Communications network 信息网络Cycle stock 周期性库存In-transit inventories 途中库存Safety stock 安全库存Seasonal stock 季节性库存Inventory management 库存管理Dead stock 死库存Quantity discount 数量折扣Planned economy 计划经济The consumer package 商业包装The industrial package 工业包装Upc（universal product code）通用条形码Consumer package 商业包装Industrial package 工业包装Damage-free goods 无损伤货物Universal product code（upc）通用商品码Eft=electronic fund transf 电子资金转移Edi 电子数据交换Ultimate customer =end user 最终用户Logistics information systems物流信息系统Bar-code 条形码By-products 副产品Forecasting methods 预测方法Customer demand 客户需求Stock-out 缺货Out of stock 缺货In stock 有库存Market strategies 市场策划Customer loyalty 顾客忠诚度Manufacturing capabilities 生产能力Materials requirements planning（mrp）systems 材料需求规划Upstream firm 上游企业Downstream firm 下游企业Point of origin 产地Focal firm 核心企业Performance expectation 业绩期望Contractual mechanism 合同机制Delivery date 交货日期Registered capital 注册资金Scope of business 业务范围Barter trade and compensation trade以贸易换贸易 补偿贸易Commission sales，exclusive sales and consignment sales委托销售，独家销售，寄售Legal representative 法人代表Customs clearance 进出口货物储存Corporate capacity 法人资格Fixed as sets 固定资产Liquid capital 流动资金Business turnover 营业额Business scope 经营范围Booking agency 票代理Fcl and lcl 整装和零担TEUs of outbound cargo 20英尺集装箱Iata 国际航空运输协会Nvocc 无船承运人Purchase order processing 订单处理FIATA(the international federation of freight forwarding agents）国际航空快递Customs declaration 报关CPS 集装箱货运站Barcode scanning 条形码扫描Q.A.Center 品质保障中心Forwarders 承运人Consolidators 集运人FCL 整箱运输Container manifest 集装箱载货单P.O. 购物单Brokerage 经纪人SES/ATLCommercial invoice 商业发票LCL 拼箱装运Point of origin 产地FCL 整箱装运Remittance 汇付Collection 托收Letter of credit 信用证Mail transfer ，M/T 信汇Telegraphic 电汇Demand draft D/D 票汇Confirmed L/C 保税信用证Defer payment 延期付款Take this opportunity 趁此机会Net cash 全部金额Freight prepaid 运费预付A/C 账户Issuing bank 开证行D/P 付款交单D/A 承兑交单COSCO 中国远洋运输总公司CCPIT 中国贸易促进委员会Notify party 提单上通知人Certificate of origin 原产地证明书Means of transport and route运输方式及路线It is hereby certified that the declaration by the export is correct出口商的证明准确无误。
国际货运代理专业英语
1. Scope of …Originally,a freight forward was a commission agent performing on behalf of the export/import route tasks such as loading/unloading of goods,storage of goods,arranging local transport,obtaining payment for his customer,etc..However,the expansion of international trade and the development of different modes of transport over the years that followed enlarged the scope of his services.Today,a freight forwarder plays an import role in international trade and transport.The services that a freight forwarder renders may often range from routine and basic tasks such as the booking of space or customs clearance to a comprehensive package of servicies covering the total transportation and distribution process.(Export) Unless the consignor,the person sending goods,or the consignee,the person receiving goods,wants to attend to any of the procedural（程序上的）and documentary formalities(正式的) himself,it is usually the freight forwarder who undertakes on his behalf to process the movement of goods through the various stages involved.The freight forwarder may provide these services directly or through sub-contractors（转包商）or otheragencies employed by him.He is also expected to utilize,in his connection,the services of his overseas agents.Briefly,these services are：Study the provisions of the letter of credit and all Government regulations applicable to the shipment of goods in the country of export,the country of import,as well as any transit country,he would also prepare all the necessary documents.Pack the goods,taking into account the route,the mode of transport,the nature of the goods and applicable regulations,if any , in the country of export,transit contries and country of destination.Arrange warehousing of the goods,if necessaryWeigh and measure the goodsDraw the consignorˊs attention to the need for insurance and arrange for the insurance of goods,if required by the consignorTransport the goods to the port,arrange for customs clearance,related documentation formalities and deliver the goods to the carrier.Attend to foreigh exchange transactions,if anyPay fees and other charges including freightObtain the signed bills of lading from the carrier and arrange delivery to the consignor Arrange for transshipment en route of necessaryMonitor the movement of goods all the way to the consignee through contacts with the carrier and the forwarderˊs agents abroad.Note damages or losses,if any,to the goodsAssist the consignor in pursuing claims,of any,against the carrier for loss of the goods or for damage to themOn behalf of the consigeeMonitor the movement of good on behalf of the consignee when the consignee controls freight,that is,the cargoReceive and check all relevant documents relating to the movement of the goodsTake delivery of the goods from the carrier and if necessary ,pay the freight costArrange customs clearance and pay duties fees and charges to the customs and other public authoritiesArrange transit warehousing,if necessaryDeliver the cleared goods to the consigneeAssist the consignee,if necessary,in pursuing claims,if any against the carrier for the loss of the goods or any damage to themAssist the consignee ,if necessary,In warehousing and distribution2. Incoterms 2000---major trade termsInternational rules for interpretation of trade termsICC:International Chamber Of CommerceLater amendments and additions were made to it to bring the rules in line with current international trade practices（贸易惯例）,Eeach term specifies whether the buyer or the seller is responsible for arranging such necessary as export license,customs clearance,inspections,and other obligations.They specify at which point the risk of loss and /or damage passes from seller to buyer as well as which party pays for specific activities .A buyer and a seller who conduct their purchase and sale under one of the Incoterms,therefore,will have a mutual understanding of their rights,cost,and obligations1. FOB---Free on board―Free on board‖ means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the shipˊs rail at the named port of shipment .This means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or damage to the goods from that point.The FOB term requires the seller to clear the goods for export .This term can be used for sea or inland waterway transport.2. CFR---Cost and freight―Cost and freight‖ means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the shipˊs rail in the port of shipment.The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination BUT the risk of loss of or damage to the goods,as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time of delivery,are transferred from the seller to the buyer. The CFR term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.This term can be used only for sea and inland waterway transport..3. CIF---Cost,Insurance and freight―Cost Insurance and freight‖ means that the seller delivers when the goods psss the shipsˊs rail in the port of shipment.The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination BUT the risks of loss of or damage to the goods,as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the tine of delivery ,are transferred from the seller to the buyer.However ,In CIFthe seller also has to procuer insurance against the buyerˊs risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage.Consequently,the seller contracts for insurance and pays the insurancepremium.The CIF term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.3. Terms of shipment in the Contracts for the International Sale of goods When buyer and seller discuss the terms of the contract, terms of shipment are compulsory.Terms of shipment inculde methods of trasport , time of shipment,partial shipment and transshipment,port or place of loading and unloading ,shipping documents,etc,Here only time of shipment will be discussed.Time of shipment refers to the time limit for loading the goods on board the vessel at port of shipment ( If shipment is made by sea ).There are several ways of stipulating time of shipment :●Shipment on or about June 20,2002●Shipment not later than July 31st 2002.or latest shipment date:July 31st,2002●Shipment to be made during June/July ,2002●Shipment with 15 days after receipt of remittance.●Shipment with 30 days after receipt of L/C .In order to prevent the buyer from openingthe L/C later ,the export should stipulate at the same time ―The relevant L/C must reach the seller not later than August 20,2002.‖●According to UCP 500, if the experssion ―on or about‖or similar experssions areused,banks will interpert them as a stiulation that shipment is to be made during the period ,from five days before to five days after the specified date,both end days included.For example , if the L/C stipulates that shipment date is ―on or about July 20 ,2002‖. Then the goods can be shipper from July 15 to July 25.The word‖to‖, ―until‖, ―till‖,‖from‖and words of similar expressions applying to any date or period in the credit referring to shipment will be understood to include the date mentioned.The word ―after‖ will be understood to exclude the date mentioned.The terms‖first half‖, ―second half ― of a month shall be construed respectively as the 1st to the 15th , and the 16th to the last day of such month, all dates inclusive.The terms ―beginning‖ ,‖middle‖,or ―end‖ of a month shall be construed respectively as the 1st to the 10th , the 11th to the 20th ,and the 21st to the last day of such month ,all dates inclusive.When the traders discuss the time of shipment in the contract.1. The export should consider whether he can get the goods ready before the shipmentdate and whether the ship is available if the goods are ready.2. The time of shipment should be stipulated in a clear and flexible way.Stipulation like ―shipment on July 20‖ is clear,but not flexible, if the seller can not get the goods ready befort that, he will break the contract.Expressions such as ―prompt‖, ―innediately‖, ―as soon as possible‖, and the like should not be used .If they are used bankes will disregard them ,If these terms are used,disputes may occur because there is no uniform explanation of these terms.3. Sometimes ,the L/C simply stipulates an expiry date without a shipment date ,which means these two dates are the same ,For example, if the L/C stipulates that the expiry date is July 31st without a shipment date, then the latest shipment date is also july 31st .In this case,the exporter should ship the goods much earlier than july 31st so that he can leave enough time fou himself to get all the documents ready and present the documents to his bank within the validity of the L/C .If the exporter ships the goods on july 31,it is very difficult for him to present the documents to the bank on the same day.3. The Expiry Datea. If the expiry date of the credit and/or the last day of the period of time forpresentation of documents stipulated by the credit falls on a day on which the band to which presentation has to be made is closed,the stipulated expiry date and/or the last day of the period of tine after the date of shipment for presenation of documents, as the case may be ,shall be extended to the first following day on which such bank is open.b. The lastest date for shipment shall not be extended by reason of the extension ofthe expiry date and /or the period of time after the date of shipment for presentation of documents. If no such lastest date for shipment is stipulated in the credit or amendments,banks will not accept transport documents indicating a date of shipment later than the expiry date stipulated in the credit or amendments.4. Marine Cargo Insurance1. Principles of marine cargo insuranceThe marine cargo insurance is based on the principles of insurable interest ,utmost good faith ,and indemnity .No contract of marine insurance is valid unless the assured has an insurable interest in the subject matter insured at the time of loss. Cargo insurance is a contract of indemnity ,that is, to compensate for the loss or damage in terms of the value of the insured goods , The amount insured as agreed between the insurer and the assured forms the basic of indemnity .The principle of utmost good faith is indispensable in any insurance contract .A contract of marine insurance is a contract based upon the utmost good faith ,and ,if the utmost good faith be not observed by either party, the contract may be avoided by the other party .2. Insurance PremiumThe premium is the consideration which the insurers receive from the assured inexchange for their undertaking to pay the sum insured in the event insured against .The general guiding rate of the insurance premium is 1% of the amount insured .The premium rates may vary ,for example , from 0.5% to 2.5% or less depending on factors such as :type of goods ,the contry and distance of destination ,value of the goods ,mode of transportation, the type of risks covered ,container or bulk shipment and type of packing . The minimum amount insured should be the CIF or the CIP value of the goods plus 10%.3. Insurance PolicyInsurance policy is an evidence of insurance contract issued by the insurer or underwrite to the assured .It stipulates each party ˊs rights and responsibilities .The format of insurance policy forms varies from insurer to insurer. Insurance policy or certificate ,and endorsement are the main ones used in daily business. The policy must be issued and signed by an insurance company or its agent . If more than one original is issued and is so indicated in the policy , all the originals must be presented to the bank, unless otherwise anthorized in the letter of credit .4. Types of basic coverageThe basic coverage in PICC Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses is FPA , WA/WPA and All Risks Coverage .（1）Free From Particular AverageThe risks coverd in FPA coverage basically means that only total or constructive total loss of the whole consignment of cargo but no partial loss or damage is recoverable from the insurer resulting from natural calamities , such as heavy weather , lightning , tsunami ,earthquake and flood .Total loss or partial loss is recoverable from the insurer incurred as a result of specific casualties ,e ,g.,collision ,standing siking of the vessel .It also covers general average and salvaing the goods or averting or minimizing a loss recoverable under the policy .（2）With Particular Average (WA / WPA)WA / WPA provides larger cover than FPA since partial loss and damage is recoverable from the insurer resulting from natural calamities ,That is the only difference between WA / WPA and FPA in PICC Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses . （3）All RisksThis type of coverage is the most widely used in the transport of general cargo because it provides better coverage the WA / WPA type .Aside from the risks covered under WA / WPA type , it also provides insurance against all risks of less of or damage to the cargo insured arising from external causes in the course of transit . The All Risks does not cover risks of war , strike and other special additional risks such as failure to delivery , import duty , on deck , rejection ,aflatoxin etc .The general additional risks such as theft , pilferage & non—delivery risks , fresh water and /or rain damage risks shortage risks , intermixture and contamination risks , leakage risks ,clask and breakage risks , taint of odour risks , sweat and heating risks , hook damage risks , breakage ofpacking risks and rust risks are covered in All Risks coverage .5. The Practice Of International Ocean Cargo Transportation1. Transport GeographyAn internationanl freight forwarder should be familiar with international trade routes . He or she should have knowledge of main traffic routes location of ports ,trans—shipment points and inland centres . A freight forwarder shoule also have a general idea of the pattern of international trade and its changing trends .2.1) Conference linesA shipping conference is a group of shiping lines operating in any particular routeunder agreement to provide a scheduled service with a common tariff and a fixed itinerary of ports of call .The purpose of a shipping conference is to eliminate price competition among member lines and reduce outside competition by trying to capture most of the traffic for member lines through loyalty arrangements with shippers .The main advantages of the conference system to shippers are stability of freight rates and regularity of srevices . However , the disadvantages are obvious . Rates are usually high . Rates do not fluctuate accoding to supply and demand as in a tramp service Rules and procedures are inflexible .2) None—conference linesIn recent years , along most international routes , none—conference lines have posed a challenge to the conference system . This is attributable to the development of containerization and emergence of many independent carriers .As a result ,along some routes ,the conference lines have been forced to come to terms with the non—conference lines in regard to rates , and terms and condition of service .3) Non—vessel operating common carrier (NVOCC)An NVOCC is a carrier when operates a regular scheduled service . He does not own or operate the vessels by which sea transportation is provided . Although the NVOCC is a carrier in his relationship with the actual carrier . He is a shipper in his relationship with the actual shipper . He assumes the role of a principal and performs several functions . He assumes responsibility for ocean carriers , both conference and non—conference lines .He renders a useful service by providing grouppage or consolidation services , particularly to small shipper who do not have much bargaining power in nagotiating rates .4) Tramp serviceTramp service has on fixed itinerary or schedule and is operated on any route according to supply and demand Tramp vesseles are usually chartered at negotiated rates , particularly when the quantity of cargo is large .2. Shipping documentsThe documents commonly used in carriage of goods by sea are bills of lading , sea waybills, manifests , shipping notes , delivery orders and mat e′s receipt .The bill of lading by itself is not a contract of carriage as it is signed only by the carrier . Howerever , it provides evidence of contract of carriage . It serves as a receipt for goods delivered to the carrier . Besides , the bill of lading serves as a document of title enabling the goods to be transferred from the shipper to the consignee or any other party by endorsment .A sea waybill is the replacement of the traditional ocean bill of lading . The way billis a non—negotiable document and made out to a named consignee who is allowed , upon production of proper identification , to claim the goods without presenting the waybill .A cargo manifest provides information regarding cargo on board . A freightmanifest gives information regarding freight rates , surcharge ,rebates , etc . The manifest is prepared by the carrie r′s agent , but freight forwarder has to handle it while dealing with the customs and port authorities .A shipping note is issued by the shipper to the carrier requesting allocation ofshipping space . It is a commitment on the part of the shipper to ship the goods and serves as the basis for the preparation of the bill of lading .A delivery order is issued by the carrier or his agent to enable the consignee or hisforwarding agent to take delivery of the cargo (import cargo) from the vessel .A mat e′s receipt is the receipt issued by the carrier in the acknowledgement to thegoods received on board (export cargo)which is subsequently exchanged for the bill of lading .6. Documentary CreditIn international sales transactions different methods of payment are adopted depending mainly upon the relationship between the seller and the buyer . For example , if the seller and buyer know each other and have a long—standing business relationship , they may transact business on trust and the seller may periodically send invoices to the buyer for settlement . Payment may also be made by other methods such as ―cash with order‖ when the buyer sends a cheque or a bank draft with his order , or by ―documentary collection‖ , when the seller sends the buyer in the buye r′s country on the buyers′acceptance or payments , as may be specified in the documents .But in many cases , the seller and the buyer do not know each other and located in countries thousands of miles apart . They are not in a position to conduct their commercial transactions on trust . The seller is reluctant to part with his goods unless he is assured of possession of the goods . In order to reconcile the conflicting interests of both the parties and to provide a mechanism for payment in such situations , the International Chamber of Commerce has evolved what is knowm as ―Documentary Credit‖ . In simple terms , documentary credit means payment against documents instead of against goods . The documents transfer title to the goods .The ―Uniform Customs and Practive for Documentary Credit‖(UCP) Published by the International Chamber of Commerce contains detailed provisions dealing with the operation of documentary credit . It has been accepted and adopted by banks and banking associations throughout the world . It has brought the UCP into line with established and foreseeable practices regarding containerized transport and trade facilitation, the use of electronic data processing and the development of new types of credit like deferred payments and stand—by credits .As the documentary credit is operated through banks , therefore , it has certain advantages to both the seller and buyer : for the seller , it is a bank undertaking to which he can look for payment ; for the buyer , it is a conditional undertaking where payment can be made on his behalf only against the documents which will transfer to him the title to the goods .For practical purpose , assume that a local buyer agrees to buy goods from an overseas seller and under the sales contract , payment is to be made by banker′s letter of credit . To fulfill the contract , the buyer arranges with his bank to open a letter of cerdit for his account in favour of the overseas seller . The buyer is not required to pay for the goods until the arrival of the relevant shipping document . The seller , on receipt of a letter of credit , will have to prepare shipment of the contract goods within the delivery date . Once shipment of the goods is completed , the seller will be able to present all the documents to the negotiating bank for payment under the terms of the credit . The negotiating bank should ensure that the seller′s documents are drawn up in accordance with the credit terms before such documents are paid for and forwarded to the issuing the negotiated documents it will make up a debit note showing the total cost due and request payment from the buyer . Once the buyer accepts that the documents are in compliance with the terms of the letter of credit he must settle the bill in order to obtain the shipping documents so that he will be able to take delivery of the goods from the carrier or its agent . On settlement of the bill , the whole operation of documentary credit will be regarded as completed .8. Marine Bill of Lading---General Introduction1. General Concept of Marine Bills of LadingMarine Bills of lading are used primarily international sales of goods where the carriage of goods is by sea . Definitions of the bill of lading vary from country to country . Broadly , the bill of lading has been defined as receipt for goods shipped of board a ships , signed by the person ( or his agent ) contracts to carry them , and stating the terms on which the goods were delivered to and received by the ship . It is not the actual contract , but forms excellent evidence of the terms of the contract .2. Functions of Marine Bills of LadingMarine bills of lading perform a number of functions . Generally , it is receipt for thegoods shipped , a document of title to the goods and evidence of the terms of the contract of affreightment .A bill of lading is a receipt issued , by a carrier that an identifiable consignment ofgoods has been received by him for shipment , or actually loaded on board his ship .The bill of lading as a receipt willl show the quantity and condition of the cargo loaded ,ship′s name , port of loading , the destination , details of date and so on .A bill of lading is a document of title to the goods . The possession of a bill of lading isequivalent in law to possesion of the goods . The holder of the bill of lading is able to obtain delivery of the goods at the port of destination and during transit the goods can be sold merely by endorsing the bill of lading .Additionally , the terms of the bill of lading provide evidence of the contract of carriage between the carrier and the shipper . The terms of the bill of lading contain the terms of the contract .3. Types of Marine Bills of LadingThere are several forms of bills of lading and these include the following :1) Order of ladingOrder bills are issued by carriers to the order of shipper or conginee . This means that the carrier , shippower , charterer or master will deliver the goods at the port of destination not solely to the named consignee , but so any person designated by him .An order bill of lading is a negotiable document . Order bills made out to consignee ―or order ― can be transferred by them by endorsment .2) Straight Bills of LadingIn contract with the order bills of lading , straight bills are those made out to named consigness without the addition of the word ―or order ― . They are not negotiable and cannot be transferred to third parties . Delivery of goods , thereore , can only be taken by the named consignee .3) Shipped Bills of LadingShipped bills state definitely that the goods have been loaded . It confirms that goods are actually on board the vessel . Most bills of lading forms are printed as shipped bills and commence with the wording :‖shipped in apparent good order and condition .‖4) Received for Shipment Bills of LadingReceived for shipment bills state that the goods have been received for shipment , and do not indicate the actual date of loading . The received for shipment bill of lading grew up because with the development of the liner services it became the custom for the shipowner to receive the cargo some hours or even days before it was actually loaded .5) Direct Bills of LadingDirect bills of lading are those covering shipment between direct ports of lading or discharge .6) Through Bills of LadingThrough bills of Lading cover shipment from or to ports involving transport by two or more shipping or railways companies . The shipping company , for additional freight ,undertakes to make all arrangement to get the goods to their destination .7) Clean Versus Foul Bills of LadingThe clean bill of lading bears an indication that the goods were received without damages , irregularities or short shipment ,usually the words ―apparent good order and condition ―. ―clean on board ― or the like are indicated on the B/LThe foul bill of lading—unclean bill of lading , dirty bill of lading or claused bill of lading –is the opposite of the chean bill of lading . It bears an indication that the goods were received with damages , irregularities or short shipment , usually the words ― unclean on board ―or the like are indicated on the B/L , for example , ― insufficient padking ―,‖missing safety seal ― and ―one carton short ―.9.Marine Bills of Lading ( 2 )--Making and signing ofA marine bill of lading can be drawn up in a variey of ways , but it is nearly always prepared on a pre—printed form .whatever its form , a bill of lading may contain some main elements ,such as quantity of cargo ,accurate cargo description and condition ,date of the bill of lading ,names of shipper and consignee , ports of lading and discharging , ship′s name,terms and conditions of carriage and payment of freight.The shipp′s port agent , in fact , may be given the task of drawing up bills of lading .If there are subsequently required for letter of credit transactions , it is useful that the agent be supplied with appropriate details of that letter of credit so that all relevant material can be included in the wording .The main parties on a bill of lading are shipper,Conssignee. Notify Party and Carrier . The shipper is the person , usually the exporter , who sends the goods .Consignee refers to the person entitled to take delivery of the goods . Carrier is the person or company who has concluded a contract with the shipper for carriage of goods . Notify party is the party that the carrier must notify when the goods arrive at the port of destination . The carrier issues an Arrival Notice informing the Notify Party about the cargo discharge point , number of packages and other information.It is important to the date bills of loding correctly ,and as per the date on which the cargo is actually loaded . Cargo quantity and condition should also be adequately and correctly described in the bills of lading . Relevant comments should be entered in either tally or mate′s receipts , and thereafter in bills of lading .2. Issuing Marine Bills Of LadingAll bills should be signed by either shipping company or by a duly authorised agent .If time does not permit the ship′s master to sign the bills , a letter is usually dra wn up giving the port agent appropriate authority to sign bills of lading . The bill of lading must show how many signed originals were issued .The oringinals are marked as ―original ―on their face and all have equal value , that is , all have the same validity .The purpose of issuing more than one original is to ensure that the port of destination will receive the original when dispatched separately . The original B/ ;L are proof of ownership of goods , one of which must be surrendered to the carrier at destination , duly endorsed by the title holder in the goods in exchange for the goods or。
新编国际货运代理专业英语
新编国际货运代理专业英语New International Freight Forwarding Professional EnglishUnit 1 Introduction to International Freight Forwarding1.1 Definition and Functions of International Freight Forwarding 1.2 Main Participants in International Freight Forwarding1.3 Types of International Freight Forwarding Services1.4 Overview of International Trade and TransportationUnit 2 Documentation in International Freight Forwarding2.1 Bill of Lading and Its Types2.2 Air Waybill2.3 Consignment Note2.4 Packing List2.5 Certificate of OriginUnit 3 Transportation Modes in International Freight Forwarding 3.1 Sea Freight Transportation3.2 Air Freight Transportation3.3 Road Freight Transportation3.4 Rail Freight Transportation3.5 Multimodal TransportationUnit 4 Customs Clearance in International Freight Forwarding 4.1 Customs Regulations and Procedures4.2 Import and Export Declarations4.3 Tariffs and Duties4.4 Customs Duty Calculation4.5 Customs Exemptions and Special ProgramsUnit 5 Logistics Management in International Freight Forwarding 5.1 Supply Chain Management5.2 Inventory Management5.3 Warehousing and Distribution5.4 Risk Management in Logistics5.5 Emerging Trends in LogisticsUnit 6 International Trade Terms and Incoterms6.1 International Trade Terms and Definitions6.2 Incoterms - International Commercial Terms6.3 Incoterms 2020 Updates and Changes6.4 Role of Incoterms in International Freight Forwarding6.5 Case Studies of Incoterms UsageUnit 7 International Finance and Payment in Freight Forwarding 7.1 Trade Financing Methods7.2 Letters of Credit7.3 Documentary Collections7.4 Documentary Credits and UCP 6007.5 Payment Methods and Risk MitigationUnit 8 Insurance and Claims in International Freight Forwarding 8.1 Marine Insurance and Coverage8.2 Cargo Insurance Policies and Terms8.3 Claims Handling and Procedures8.4 Claims Settlement and Compensation8.5 Dispute Resolution MechanismsUnit 9 Quality Management in International Freight Forwarding 9.1 Quality Assurance and Quality Control9.2 ISO 9001 Certification9.3 Process Improvement in Freight Forwarding9.4 Key Performance Indicators for Freight Forwarding9.5 Customer Satisfaction and FeedbackUnit 10 Emerging Technologies in International Freight Forwarding10.1 Digitalization and Automation in Logistics10.2 Internet of Things (IoT) in Freight Forwarding10.3 Blockchain Technology in Supply Chain10.4 Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Logistics10.5 Future Perspectives and Challenges in Freight Forwarding。
物流专业英语参考答案
ReferencesUnit 1 An Introduction to Business LogisticsPart II. Exercises for Dialogue 1Answer the following questions according to the dialogue.1.Logistics means to supply the right product at the right time in theright quantity in the right condition at the right place for the right customer at the right price.2.It includes the procurement, maintainance, distribution andreplacement of personnel and material.3.These two concepts are the same meanings. Logistics is generalmeaning and includes military definition and business definition.Business logistics stresses special term on a trade or business. Exercises for Dialogue 21.(Opening)2.(Opening)Part III. Practical ReadingsExercises for Text 1I. Answer the following questions:1. Business logistics means to be defined as a business-planning framework for the management of material, service, information and capital flows.2. Business logistics involves the following activities: demand forecasting,procurement, materials handling, packaging, warehouse and inventory management, ordering processing, logistics communications, transport, customer service and so on.3. The role of logistics is to maintain the balance between the minute details and the main elements involved in a product.II.1.商务物流管理有不同版本的不同定义 2 必要资源的利用3. 逆向货物的搬运4. 人员和材料的补充5. 复杂信息6. 现代的商业环境7. 需求预测8. 设施场地选择9. 公司最重要的财富10. 公司战略抉择走势评定III. definitions—heart---output---service---strategyIV. 1. 这一非常宽广的物流观点把单一的供应链与贸易公司的方方面面整合在一起。
国际物流 外贸 报关 中英文用语
国际物流费用中英文用语（大全）与物流费用分析外贸与报关的重要词汇海运费 ocean freight集卡运费、短驳费 Drayage订舱费 booking charge报关费 customs clearance fee操作劳务费 labour fee or handling charge商检换单费 exchange fee for CIP换单费 D/O fee拆箱费 De-vanning charge港杂费 port sur-charge电放费 B/L surrender fee冲关费 emergent declearation change海关查验费 customs inspection fee待时费 waiting charge仓储费 storage fee改单费 amendment charge拼箱服务费 LCL service charge动、植检疫费 animal & plant quarantine fee移动式其重机费 mobile crane charge进出库费 warehouse in/out charge提箱费 container stuffing charge滞期费 demurrage charge滞箱费 container detention charge卡车运费 cartage fee商检费 commodity inspection fee转运费 transportation charge污箱费 container dirtyness change坏箱费用 container damage charge清洁箱费 container clearance charge 分拨费 dispatch charge车上交货 FOT ( free on track )电汇手续费 T/T fee转境费/过境费 I/E bonded charge空运方面的专用术语空运费 air freight机场费 air terminal charge空运提单费 airway bill feeFSC (燃油附加费) fuel surchargeSCC（安全附加费） security sur-charge 抽单费 D/O fee上海港常用术语内装箱费 container loading charge(including inland drayage)疏港费 port congestion charge他港常用术语场站费 CFS charge文件费 document charge物流费用分析常见的物流费用包括以下几种：海洋运费：Ocean Freight, 从装运港到卸货港的海洋运输费用，按照货物运输方式及性质计价方式回不一样，如集装箱运输，按照每个集装箱收费，集装箱分为普通干箱（General Purpose, Dry）和特种集装箱，按照集装箱大小分为20’, 40’, 20’H(High, 高箱), 40’H(High,高箱)，45’等；特种集装箱分为挂衣箱、平板箱、框架箱、冷冻箱、开顶箱、半封闭箱等。
物流专业英语课后答案
物流专业英语课后答案Chapter1Ⅰ.1、物流管理2、谈及，提及，说到3、以最大成本效益的方式4、物理协会5、信息管理6、另外，除此之外7、物流装置8、也，同样Ⅱ.1、the transfer of goods；the most cost-effective2、hardware；information control3、materials；information4、it is about the flow and storage of goods5、goods, service, the point of consumption6、logistics strategies and activitiesⅢ.1、提到物流或物流管理，说法并不统一，不同的组织对此有不同的定义。
2、文明社会伊始，物流就已经存在，因而不是新鲜事。
3、然而说到现代物流，几乎所有商业界专业人士认为，尽管看不见，摸不着，物流却是最有挑战性和刺激性的工作之一。
4、现代物流关系到货物流和信息流的有效性和高效性。
Ⅳ.1.D2.C3.A4.B5.DⅤ.1.quick response2.a new commercial arearmation technology4.containerization technique5.modern logistics6.major function7.location value8.distribution processing valueⅥ.现代物流采用了集装技术。
商品物流往往从包装开始，而后经历运输、储存和配送等过程。
整个过程始终在物流标准化的前提下运行。
以物流基础模数尺寸600毫米×400毫米为基础，制定出物流模数尺寸1200毫米×1000毫米，并将其放大至2591毫米×2483毫米，即形成集装箱高度乘宽度的标准尺寸，并能调整成适合铁运、汽运和船运的集装箱标准规格尺寸。
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运输系统是将企业客户、原材料供应商、工厂、仓 库和渠道成员这些物流供应链中的固定点连接起 来的一项物流环节，物流系统中的这些固定点上 的活动使物品的流动在物流线路中得以暂停。
Important sentences
2. Thus, a firm cannot make the transportation decision in a vacuum; applying the total cost or systems approach requires a company to consider how the transport decision will affect other elements of the logistics system.
• 堆装，装载
• 通用集装箱
Important sentences
1. The transportation system is the physical link connecting a company’s customers, raw materials suppliers, plants, warehouses, and channel members —— the fixed points in a logistics supply chain. The fixed points in the logistics system are where some activity temporarily halts the flow of goods in the logistics pipeline.
跨运车
Straddle Carrier
集装箱叉车
Forklift truck
（轮胎式）龙门吊
rubber-tyred container gantry crane
货架
storage rack来自Words and Expressions (1)
• Wagon
• Haulage • Carriage • Pilferage • Voyage • Berth
× 2.
√ 3.
√ 4.
• 货运列车
• 运输，运费 • 运货 • 失窃 • 航海，航行 • 码头
• Breakbulk cargo（bulk cargo） • 散装货
• Customs clearance
• Consignee • Cranes
• 清关
• 收货人 • 起重机，吊车
Words and Expressions (2)
Question2:
Which percent does the freight cost to the cost of goods today?
Question3:
What's the limit of the development of containerization?
岸壁集装箱装卸桥
Quayside Container Crane
从根本上说，终端是运输链上的一环，并在含有 一种或几种运输方式的换装点，以提供过境运输 如空运或海运。
Exercises
Match the terms with the following definitions.
• pilferage
• Consignee • consignments • The air waybill • Scheduled airline
• 偷窃
• 收货人 • 托运，寄售 • 航空货运单 • 定期航线
• The consignment note
• 托运单
Listening…
Exercises
Tell whether the following statements are true or false.
√ 1.
Transportation adds value to the company and the value added is the physical movement of products to the place desired and at the time desired. A transport system includes three essential elements: the way route, the vehicle(including motive power unit), and the company.
In air transport, the air waybill is the key document. Documentation of both road transport and rail transport is simple, but road transport can offer doorto-door service without intermediate handling.
• Fraction • 小片段，小部分
• Tankers
• Turnover • Sling • Wharf • Broken space • Stack • stacker
• 油轮
• 成交量，营业额 • 吊索 • 码头 • 空舱位 • 堆起，垛起 • 堆垛机
• Stow
• General purpose container
Unit 4 Container Transport 集装箱运输
Pre-reading Questions
Watch the video about container transport and answer the question below：
Question1:
What's the name of Malcolm McLean' first container ship?
因此，公司不应凭空做出运输决策，而应 考虑运输决策将如何影响物流系统的其他因 素，来采用总体成本与系统的方法。
Important sentences
3. Basically, the terminal is the link in the transport chain and merges at an interchange point involving one or more forms of transport, to offer through transit such as airport or seaport.