翻译(带原文)——物流专业英语
01《物流专业英语》--Unit-1-What-is-logistics-第三版新编PPT课件
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The Coca Cola soft drink product moves by the typical supply chain. The retail price is higher because value is added to the product as it passes through each node in the supply chain (Figure 2).
值得注意的是，人们，尤其是非专业人士，对物流有一种广泛 的误导性概念，即认为物流就是运输。的确，运输是物流 的核心构成部分，没有运输什么也动不起来。即使如此， 物流仍然比单独的运输所能传达的意义要深远得多。
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How a bottle of Coca Cola coke moves to an end consumer 一瓶可乐是如何到达最终消费者手中的
If a consumer wants to have a bottle of Coca Cola coke, he can choose to:
如果客户想买一瓶可口可乐，他可能选择：
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go straight to the manufacturer, buy it at ex-factory price (e.g. 1.50 Yuan/bottle) but pay extra costs for bus fare (e.g. 5 Yuan or more) , totaling 6.50 Yuan plus time cost (hours of bus travel), or
B选择是个人零散客户最常用的选择，在此种方式下，客户支付 较高的零售价，在享有较低的总成本的同时，还可以换取 购物的轻松并免除到厂家取货的耗时旅程。
物流专用术语中英文翻译
物流专用术语物流基本概念术语1．物品article2．物流logistics3．物流活动logistics activity4．物流作业logistics operation5．物流模数logistics modulus6．物流技术logistics technology7．物流成本logistics cost8．物流管理logistics management9．物流中心logistics center10．物流网络logistics network11．物流信息logistics information12．物流企业logistics enterprise13．物流单证logistics documents14．物流联盟logistics alliance15．供应物流supply logistics16．生产物流production logistics17．销售物流distribution logistics18．回收物流returned logistics19．废弃物物流waste material logistics20．绿色物流environmental logistics21．企业物流internal logistics22．社会物流external logistics23．军事物流military logistics24．国际物流international logistics25．第三方物流third-part logistics （TPL）26．定制物流customized logistics27．虚拟物流virtual logistics28．增值物流服务value-added logistics service 29．供应链supply chain30．条码bar code31．电子数据交换electronic data interchange （EDI）32．有形消耗tangible loss33．无形消耗intangible loss物流作业术语1．运输transportation2．联合运输combined transport3．直达运输through transport4．中转运输transfer transport5．甩挂运输drop and pull transport 6．集装运输containerized transport 7．集装箱运输container transport8．门到门door—to-door9．整箱货full container load (FCL）10．拼箱货less than container load （LCL 11．储存storing12．保管storage13．物品储存article reserves14．库存inventory15．经常库存cycle stock16．安全库存safety stick17．库存周期inventory cycle time 18．前置期(或提前期）lead time 19．订货处理周期order cycle time 20．货垛goods stack21．堆码stacking22．搬运handing/carrying23．装卸loading and unloading24．单元装卸unit loading and unloading 25．包装package/packaging26．销售包装sales package27．定牌包装packing of nominated brand 28．中性包装neutral packing29．运输包装transport package30．托盘包装palletizing31．集装化containerization32．散装化containerization33．直接换装cross docking34．配送distribution35．共同配送joint distribution36．配送中心distribution center37．分拣sorting38．拣选order picking39．集货goods collection40．组配assembly41．流通加工distribution processing 42．冷链cold chain43．检验inspection物流技术装备及设施术语1．仓库warehouse2．库房storehouse3．自动化仓库automatic warehouse 4．4．立体仓库stereoscopic warehouse5．虚拟仓库virtual warehouse6．保税仓库boned warehouse7．出口监管仓库export supervised warehouse8．海关监管货物cargo under customer’s supervision9．冷藏区chill space10．冷冻区freeze space11．控湿储存区humidity controlled space12．温度可控区temperature controlled space13．收货区receiving space14．发货区shipping space15．料棚goods shed16．货场goods yard17．货架goods shelf18．托盘pallet19．叉车fork lift truck20．输送机conveyor21．自动导引车automatic guided vehicle (AGV）22．箱式车box car23．集装箱container24．换算箱twenty-feet equivalent unit （TEU)25．特种货物集装箱specific cargo container26．全集装箱船full container ship27．铁路集装箱场railway container yard28．公路集装箱中转站inland container depot29．集装箱货运站container freight station (CFS）30．集装箱码头container terminal31．国际铁路联运international through railway transport32．国际多式联运international multimodal transport33．大陆桥运输land bridge transport34．班轮运输liner transport35．租船运输shipping by chartering36．船务代理shipping agency37．国际货运代理international freight forwarding agent38．理货tally39．国际货物运输保险international transportation cargo insurance 40．报关customs declaration41．报关行customs broker42．进出口商品检验commodity inspection 奖罚物流管理术语1．物流战略logistics strategy2．物流战略管理logistics strategy management3．仓库管理warehouse management4．仓库布局warehouse layout5．库存控制inventory control6．经济订货批量economic order quantity (EOQ)7．定量订货方式fixed-quantity system (FQS）8．定期订货方式fixed—quantity system （FIS）9．ABC分类管理ABC classification10．电子订货系统Electronic order system （EOS)11．准时制just in time （JIT)12．准时制物流just—in-time logistics13．零库存技术zero-inventory logistics14．物流成本管理logistics cost control15．物料需要计划material requirements planning （MRP) 16．制造资源计划manufacturing resource planning （MRP II）17．配送需要计划distribution requirements planning (DRP）18．配送资源计划distribution resource planning （DRP II）19．物流资源计划logistics resource planning （LRP)20．企业资源计划enterprise resource planning (ERP)21．供应链管理supply chain management （SCM）22．快速反映Quick response （QR)23．有效客户反映efficient customer response(ECR)24．连续库存补充计划continuous replenishment program (CRP）25．计算机付诸订货系统computer assisted ordering (CAO）26．供应商管理库存vendor managed inventory （VMI)27．业务外包outsourcing度量单位汇总克 Gram g.公斤 Kilogram Kg.公担 Quintal q。
物流专业英语 six
and Transshipment(建议分批装运和转 船装运)
Sample2 Shipping Instructions (container) 装运指示(集装箱)
November 7,2009
Dear Mrs. Lee. We are glad to hear from your letter dated October 20th in connection with our order for four containers of Chinese Porcelains made in Jingdezhen. In reply, we have the pleasure to inform you that we have booked shipping space for the goods under the captioned order on the vessel “Elizabethan”, which is due to arrive at your port on or about 26th of this month. Please arrange shipment of goods booked by us with the least possible delay. Please in time contact our shipping agents, CMA CGM Co. Ltd. for loading arrangements, and send us a short cable confirmation when loading completed. Yours truly, Ann Brown (Mrs.) Manager
物流专用术语中英文翻译
物流专用术语物流基本概念术语1. 物品article2. 物流logistics3. 物流活动logistics activity4. 物流作业logistics operation5. 物流模数logistics modulus6. 物流技术logistics technology7. 物流成本logistics cost8. 物流管理logistics management9. 物流中心logistics center10. 物流网络logistics network11. 物流信息logistics information12. 物流企业logistics enterprise13. 物流单证logistics documents14. 物流联盟logistics alliance15. 供应物流supply logistics16. 生产物流production logistics17. 销售物流distribution logistics18. 回收物流returned logistics19. 废弃物物流waste material logistics20. 绿色物流environmental logistics21. 企业物流internal logistics22. 社会物流external logistics23. 军事物流military logistics24. 国际物流international logistics25. 第三方物流third-part logistics (TPL)26. 定制物流customized logistics27. 虚拟物流virtual logistics28. 增值物流服务value-added logistics service29. 供应链supply chain30. 条码bar code31. 电子数据交换electronic data interchange (EDI)32. 有形消耗tangible loss33. 无形消耗intangible loss物流作业术语1. 运输transportation2. 联合运输combined transport3. 直达运输through transport4. 中转运输transfer transport5. 甩挂运输drop and pull transport6. 集装运输containerized transport7. 集装箱运输container transport8. 门到门door-to-door9. 整箱货full container load (FCL)10. 拼箱货less than container load (LCL11. 储存storing12. 保管storage13. 物品储存article reserves14. 库存inventory15. 经常库存cycle stock16. 安全库存safety stick17. 库存周期inventory cycle time18. 前置期(或提前期) lead time19. 订货处理周期order cycle time20. 货垛goods stack21. 堆码stacking22. 搬运handing/carrying23. 装卸loading and unloading24. 单元装卸unit loading and unloading25. 包装package/packaging26. 销售包装sales package27. 定牌包装packing of nominated brand28. 中性包装neutral packing29. 运输包装transport package30. 托盘包装palletizing31. 集装化containerization32. 散装化containerization33. 直接换装cross docking34. 配送distribution35. 共同配送joint distribution36. 配送中心distribution center37. 分拣sorting38. 拣选order picking39. 集货goods collection40. 组配assembly41. 流通加工distribution processing42. 冷链cold chain43. 检验inspection物流技术装备及设施术语1. 仓库warehouse2. 库房storehouse3. 自动化仓库automatic warehouse4.4. 立体仓库stereoscopic warehouse5. 虚拟仓库virtual warehouse6. 保税仓库boned warehouse7. 出口监管仓库export supervised warehouse8. 海关监管货物cargo under customer’s supervision9. 冷藏区chill space10. 冷冻区freeze space11. 控湿储存区humidity controlled space12. 温度可控区temperature controlled space13. 收货区receiving space14. 发货区shipping space15. 料棚goods shed16. 货场goods yard17. 货架goods shelf18. 托盘pallet19. 叉车fork lift truck20. 输送机conveyor21. 自动导引车automatic guided vehicle (AGV)22. 箱式车box car23. 集装箱container24. 换算箱twenty-feet equivalent unit (TEU)25. 特种货物集装箱specific cargo container26. 全集装箱船full container ship27. 铁路集装箱场railway container yard28. 公路集装箱中转站inland container depot29. 集装箱货运站container freight station (CFS)30. 集装箱码头container terminal31. 国际铁路联运international through railway transport32. 国际多式联运international multimodal transport33. 大陆桥运输land bridge transport34. 班轮运输liner transport35. 租船运输shipping by chartering36. 船务代理shipping agency37. 国际货运代理international freight forwarding agent38. 理货tally39. 国际货物运输保险international transportation cargo insurance40. 报关customs declaration41. 报关行customs broker42. 进出口商品检验commodity inspection 奖罚物流管理术语1. 物流战略logistics strategy2. 物流战略管理logistics strategy management3. 仓库管理warehouse management4. 仓库布局warehouse layout5. 库存控制inventory control6. 经济订货批量economic order quantity (EOQ)7. 定量订货方式fixed-quantity system (FQS)8. 定期订货方式fixed-quantity system (FIS)9. ABC分类管理ABC classification10. 电子订货系统Electronic order system (EOS)11. 准时制just in time (JIT)12. 准时制物流just-in-time logistics13. 零库存技术zero-inventory logistics14. 物流成本管理logistics cost control15. 物料需要计划material requirements planning (MRP)16. 制造资源计划manufacturing resource planning (MRP II)17. 配送需要计划distribution requirements planning (DRP)18. 配送资源计划distribution resource planning (DRP II)19. 物流资源计划logistics resource planning (LRP)20. 企业资源计划enterprise resource planning (ERP)21. 供应链管理supply chain management (SCM)22. 快速反映Quick response (QR)23. 有效客户反映efficient customer response(ECR)24. 连续库存补充计划continuous replenishment program (CRP)25. 计算机付诸订货系统computer assisted ordering (CAO)26. 供应商管理库存vendor managed inventory (VMI)27. 业务外包outsourcing度量单位汇总克 Gram g、公斤 Kilogram Kg、公担 Quintal q、公吨 Metric ton m、t、长吨 Long ton l、t、短吨 Short ton Sh、t、英担 Hundredweight Cwt、美担 Hundredweight cwt、磅 Pound lb、两(常衡) Ounce oz、两(金衡) Ounce oz、t司马担 Picul米 Metre m、公里 Kilometre Km、厘米 Centimetre cm、毫米 Milimerte mm、码 Yard Yd、英尺 Foot Ft、英寸 Inch In、平方米 Square metre Sq、m、平方英尺 Square foot Sq、ft、平方码 Square yard Sq、yd、立方米 Cubic metre Cu、m、立方英尺 Cubic foot Cu、ft、升 Litre l、毫升 Millilitre Ml、加仑 Gallon Gal、蒲式耳 Bushel Bu、克拉 Carat Car、马力 Horse Power h、p、千瓦 Kilowatt Kw、公吨度 Metric ton unit m、t、u、表 6 :常见英文单位Bag 袋 bale 包 bottle 瓶Box 箱 carton/ctn 纸盒箱 Case(c/s) 箱、合、套coil 圈 Container 集装箱 Crate 板条箱Dozen 打 gross 罗(12打) drum 桶In bulk 散装 lot 批 package 件pallet 托盘 Pieces/pcs 件 Ream 令roll 卷 set 套、台、坐 Sheet 张、件strand 股 unit 辆、台、单位 Vial 药瓶专有名词汇总出口信贷export credit出口津贴export subsidy商品倾销dumping外汇倾销exchange dumping优惠关税special preferences保税仓库bonded warehouse贸易顺差favorable balance of trade贸易逆差unfavorable balance of trade进口配额制import quotas自由贸易区free trade zone对外贸易值value of foreign trade国际贸易值value of international trade普遍优惠制generalized system of preferences-GSP 最惠国待遇most-favored nation treatment-MFNT 价格术语trade term (price term)运费freight单价price码头费wharfage总值total value卸货费landing charges金额amount关税customs duty净价net price印花税stamp duty含佣价price including commission港口税port dues回佣return commission 、装运港port of shipment折扣discount, allowance卸货港port of discharge批发价wholesale price目的港port of destination零售价retail price进口许口证import licence现货价格spot price出口许口证export licence期货价格forward price现行价格(时价)current price prevailing price国际市场价格world (International)Market price离岸价(船上交货价)FOB-free on board成本加运费价(离岸加运费价) C&F-cost and freight到岸价(成本加运费、保险费价)CIF-cost,insurance and freight交货delivery轮船steamship(缩写S、S)装运、装船shipment租船charter (the chartered ship)交货时间time of delivery定程租船voyage charter装运期限time of shipment定期租船time charter托运人(一般指出口商)shipper, consignor收货人consignee班轮regular shipping liner驳船lighter舱位shipping space油轮tanker报关clearance of goods陆运收据cargo receipt提货to take delivery of goods空运提单airway bill正本提单original B\\L选择港(任意港)optional port选港费optional charges选港费由买方负担optional charges to be borne by the Buyers 或optional charges for Buyers’ account一月份装船shipment during January 或January shipment一月底装船shipment not later than Jan、31st、或shipment on orbefore Jan、31st、一/二月份装船shipment during Jan、/Feb、或Jan、/Feb、shipment 在、、、、、、(时间)分两批装船shipment during、、、、in two lots 在、、、、、、(时间)平均分两批装船shipment during、、、、in two equal lots 分三个月装运in three monthly shipments分三个月,每月平均装运in three equal monthly shipments立即装运immediate shipments即期装运prompt shipments收到信用证后30天内装运shipments within 30 days after receipt of L/C 允许分批装船partial shipment not allowed partial shipment not permitted partial shipment not unacceptable订单indent订货;订购book; booking电复cable reply实盘firm offer递盘bid; bidding递实盘bid firm还盘counter offer发盘(发价) offer发实盘offer firm询盘(询价) inquiry;enquiry指示性价格price indication速复reply immediately参考价reference price习惯做法usual practice交易磋商business negotiation不受约束without engagement业务洽谈business discussion限**复subject to reply **限* *复到subject to reply reaching here **有效期限time of validity购货合同purchase contract销售合同sales contract购货确认书purchase confirmation销售确认书sales confirmation一般交易条件general terms and conditions以未售出为准subject to prior sale需经卖方确认subject to seller’s confirmation需经我方最后确认subject to our final confirmationINT (拍卖auction)寄售consignment招标invitation of tender投标submission of tender一般代理人agent总代理人general agent代理协议agency agreement累计佣金accumulative commission补偿贸易compensation trade (或抵偿贸易)compensating/compensatorytrade(又叫:往返贸易) counter trade来料加工processing on giving materials来料装配assembling on provided parts独家经营/专营权exclusive right独家经营/包销/代理协议exclusivity agreement独家代理sole agency; sole agent; exclusive agency;exclusive agent轮船steamship(缩写S、S)装运、装船shipment租船charter(the chartered shep)交货时间time of delivery定程租船voyage charter;装运期限time of shipment定期租船time charter托运人(一般指出口商)shipper,consignor收货人consignee班轮regular shipping liner驳船lighter舱位shipping space油轮tanker报关clearance of goods陆运收据cargo receipt提货to take delivery of goods空运提单airway bill正本提单original B\L选择港(任意港)optional port选港费optional charges选港费由买方负担optional charges to be borne by the Buyers或optional charges for Buyers' account一月份装船shipment during January 或January shipment一月底装船shipment not later than Jan、31st、或shipment on or before Jan、31st、一/二月份装船shipment during Jan、/Feb、或Jan、/Feb、shipment在……(时间)分两批装船shipment during、、、、in two lots在…(时间)平均分两批装船shipment during、、、、in two equal lots分三个月装运in three monthly shipments分三个月,每月平均装运in three equal monthly shipments立即装运immediate shipments即期装运prompt shipments收到信用证后30天内装运shipments within 30 days after receipt of L/C允许分批装船partial shipment not allowed partial shipment not permitted partial shipment not unacceptable运费freight单价price码头费wharfage总值total value卸货费landing charges金额amount关税customs duty净价net price印花税stamp duty含佣价price including commission港口税portdues回佣return commission装运港portof shipment折扣discount,allowance卸货港port of discharge批发价wholesale price目的港portof destination零售价retail price进口许口证inportlicence现货价格spot price出口许口证exportlicence期货价格forward price现行价格(时价)current price国际市场价格world (International)Marketprice离岸价(船上交货价)FOB-free on board成本加运费价(离岸加运费价) C&F-cost and freight到岸价(成本加运费、保险费价)CIF-cost,insurance and freight。
物流专业英语翻译对照2
第二节 Recent Trends in Logistics1.Third Part Logistics ( TPL) 第三方物流Third Part Logistics provides all the logistics services. They act as a bridge or facilitator between the first part( supplier or producer) and the second part( buyer or customer). The primary objectives of third part logistics providers are to lower the total cost of logistics for the supplier and improve the service level to the customer.第三方物流提供了所有的物流活动。
他们在第一方（供应商或生产商）和第二方（买方或顾客）之间扮演着桥梁或设施供应商的角色。
第三方物流提供商的基本目标是降低供应商的整体物流成本，提高顾客服务水平。
Third Part Logistics have been growing rapidly. Cost reduction and demands for batter and cheaper services are the main drives behind the growth.A third part logistics provider will be in a position to consolidate business from several companies and offer frequent pick–ups and deliveries, whereas in–house transportation cannot. Other reasons are as follows:第三方物流增长十分迅速。
物流专业英语翻译
text B definition of transportation
1.fixed facilities are the physical components of the system that are fixed in space and consisted of the network(e.g.,transit treminals,harbors,or airports as the nodes and routes,channels,or lines as link in the network)of the transportation system.
在产地对该产品的需求一般不等于最大规模经济（的产量）。有两种方法可以解决这个问题：一种方法是减少该产品的产量，但丧失了规模经济；另一种方法是，如果想获得规模经济的话，把多余产品运送到对该产品有需求的其他地方。因此，必须利用交通运输。
5.one area may have more favorable climatic condition,different natural resources,and more efficient human resources and so on.therefore,the area that is best situated should be the source of production.again,the availability of efficient transportation is necessary to capitalize on these advantages.
交通运输与物流专业英语(Unite 8)中英文
Unit Eight Transportation ServiceText A Transportation in logisticsAn industrialized society without an efficient transportation system seems a contradiction in terms. As consumers, we often take for granted that products will move from where they are produced to where they are consumed with a minimum of difficulty-in terms of both time and cost. The transportation sector of most industrialized economies is so pervasive that we often fail to comprehend the magnitude of its impact on our way of life.工业化社会没有一个高效的交通运输系统似乎是一种矛盾的说法。
作为顾客，常常自然而然地认为只需要花费极少的时间和成本就能将产品从其生产地运到消费地，无处不在的工业化经济运输行业常常使人们忽略了交通运输对于我们生活的重要性。
The unique position which transportation occupies in economic activity arises from the reduction of the resistance of time and space to the production of economic goods and services. The significance of this in terms of the allocation of economic resources is indicated by the fact that probably at least one third of wealth of a nation is directly devoted to transportation. Transportation is so important that without it organized human activity would be impossible. Complete stoppage of transport services of a community is the quickest way to assure complete paralysis of cooperative effort: economic, political and social.由于经济商品和服务在配送时间和地理位置上（遇到的）阻碍减少，交通运输在经济活动中的独特地位逐渐显现出来，事实证明，一个国家创造的财富至少有三分之一直接源于交通运输，因此交通对于经济资源分配的重要性不言而喻。
物流专业英语
efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, service and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption to meet customers’ requirementsDistribution: distribution is a logistics and delivery service in which goods move from supplier to user within a relatively fixed distance and time spanDirect cost :a direct cost is one that goes directly to a cost centre or cost unitFixed cost: fixed costs are those that do not vary over a given period neither will it be affected by mileage or vehicle activityTime value: time value is logistics refers to the difference in value of the same goods at different timeMRP : MRP is the management system to control the amount of material consumed and to reduce inventory in the manufacturing company to distribute all resources economically while satisfying the demand of the marketE-business: E-business or E-commerce refers to the processing of business transactions via electronic means and with digitalized dataLogistics: logistics is that part of the supply chain process that plans, implements and controls the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, service and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption to meet customers’ requirementsDistribution: distribution is a logistics and delivery service in which goods move from supplier to user within a relatively fixed distance and time spanDirect cost :a direct cost is one that goes directly to a cost centre or cost unitFixed cost: fixed costs are those that do not vary over a given period neither will it be affected by mileage or vehicle activityTime value: time value is logistics refers to the difference in value of the same goods at different timeMRP : MRP is the management system to control the amount of material consumed and to reduce inventory in the manufacturing company to distribute all resources economically while satisfying the demand of the marketE-business: E-business or E-commerce refers to the processing of business transactions via electronic means and with digitalized dataefficient, effective flow and storage of goods, service and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption to meet customers’ requirementsDistribution: distribution is a logistics and delivery service in which goods move from supplier to user within a relatively fixed distance and time spanDirect cost :a direct cost is one that goes directly to a cost centre or cost unitFixed cost: fixed costs are those that do not vary over a given period neither will it be affected by mileage or vehicle activityTime value: time value is logistics refers to the difference in value of the same goods at different timeMRP : MRP is the management system to control the amount of material consumed and to reduce inventory in the manufacturing company to distribute all resources economically while satisfying the demand of the marketE-business: E-business or E-commerce refers to the processing of business transactions via electronic means and with digitalized dataLogistics: logistics is that part of the supply chain process that plans, implements and controls the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, service and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption to meet customers’ requirementsDistribution: distribution is a logistics and delivery service in which goods move from supplier to user within a relatively fixed distance and time spanDirect cost :a direct cost is one that goes directly to a cost centre or cost unitFixed cost: fixed costs are those that do not vary over a given period neither will it be affected by mileage or vehicle activityTime value: time value is logistics refers to the difference in value of the same goods at different timeMRP : MRP is the management system to control the amount of material consumed and to reduce inventory in the manufacturing company to distribute all resources economically while satisfying the demand of the marketE-business: E-business or E-commerce refers to the processing of business transactions via electronic means and with digitalized dataefficient, effective flow and storage of goods, service and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption to meet customers’ requirementsDistribution: distribution is a logistics and delivery service in which goods move from supplier to user within a relatively fixed distance and time spanDirect cost :a direct cost is one that goes directly to a cost centre or cost unitFixed cost: fixed costs are those that do not vary over a given period neither will it be affected by mileage or vehicle activityTime value: time value is logistics refers to the difference in value of the same goods at different timeMRP : MRP is the management system to control the amount of material consumed and to reduce inventory in the manufacturing company to distribute all resources economically while satisfying the demand of the marketE-business: E-business or E-commerce refers to the processing of business transactions via electronic means and with digitalized dataLogistics: logistics is that part of the supply chain process that plans, implements and controls the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, service and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption to meet customers’ requirementsDistribution: distribution is a logistics and delivery service in which goods move from supplier to user within a relatively fixed distance and time spanDirect cost :a direct cost is one that goes directly to a cost centre or cost unitFixed cost: fixed costs are those that do not vary over a given period neither will it be affected by mileage or vehicle activityTime value: time value is logistics refers to the difference in value of the same goods at different timeMRP : MRP is the management system to control the amount of material consumed and to reduce inventory in the manufacturing company to distribute all resources economically while satisfying the demand of the marketE-business: E-business or E-commerce refers to the processing of business transactions via electronic means and with digitalized dataefficient, effective flow and storage of goods, service and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption to meet customers’ requirementsDistribution: distribution is a logistics and delivery service in which goods move from supplier to user within a relatively fixed distance and time spanDirect cost :a direct cost is one that goes directly to a cost centre or cost unitFixed cost: fixed costs are those that do not vary over a given period neither will it be affected by mileage or vehicle activityTime value: time value is logistics refers to the difference in value of the same goods at different timeMRP : MRP is the management system to control the amount of material consumed and to reduce inventory in the manufacturing company to distribute all resources economically while satisfying the demand of the marketE-business: E-business or E-commerce refers to the processing of business transactions via electronic means and with digitalized dataLogistics: logistics is that part of the supply chain process that plans, implements and controls the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, service and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption to meet customers’ requirementsDistribution: distribution is a logistics and delivery service in which goods move from supplier to user within a relatively fixed distance and time spanDirect cost :a direct cost is one that goes directly to a cost centre or cost unitFixed cost: fixed costs are those that do not vary over a given period neither will it be affected by mileage or vehicle activityTime value: time value is logistics refers to the difference in value of the same goods at different timeMRP : MRP is the management system to control the amount of material consumed and to reduce inventory in the manufacturing company to distribute all resources economically while satisfying the demand of the marketE-business: E-business or E-commerce refers to the processing of business transactions via electronic means and with digitalized data。
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0811010213 张劭君P51_P55Service response logistics activities物流活动——服务与响应Service response logistics has three primary activities: waiting time, capacity, and delivery (see Figure 4.1). Waiting time refers to the management of the time a customer must wait before the service is consumed or rendered. Capacity is the management, scheduling, and staffing of people and equipment to meet a predetermined level of customer service that is consistent with preestablished cost trade-offs. Scheduling too little capacity may lead to lost sales, while scheduling too much may enhance customer service levels but unprofitable increase operations costs. The third service response logistics activity is delivery. It is defined as choosing the distribution channels to deliver the service to the customer.物流的服务与响应有三个首要的活动：等待时间，能力（容积）和送货（见表4.1）。
等待时间指的是消费者在所需的服务被消耗和满足之前必须等待的时间的管理。
能力是行程安排、安置职工和满足为客户提供服务的预定水平的管理与预算之间的权衡。
行程安排的过少可能导致销售额流失，而行程安排的过多可能提高客户服务水平但是却对提高管理费用没有作用。
第三个物流的服务与响应活动是送货。
它是选择物流配送渠道为消费者交付产品或服务。
The three service response logistics activities must operate together to meet customer service requirements. If they do not operate as a system, they do not yield the full benefits. Also, service response logistics must coordinate with the rest of logistics. Almost all products have service attached to them, and many services have attached products. That is why the model in Figure 4.1 shows traditional logistics activities and service response activities as a coordinated system.为了满足客户服务需求，三个物流的服务与响应的活动必须同时运行。
如果他们不能系统的运行，就不能给物流带来很好的收益。
同时，物流的服务与响应必须与其他的物流活动相协调。
几乎所有的产品都有附加的服务，而且很多的服务也都有其附属的产品。
这就是为什么在表4.1的模型中显示出传统的物流活动和服务与响应活动是一个协调的体系。
Evolution of the integrated logistics concept集成物流概念的演变To those not involved in integrated logistics, it appeared from out of the blue. This is far from the truth!Integrated logistics has been around throughout human history. The great explorers like Alexander the Great, Columbus, and Magellan applied logistics concepts to expand territories and find shorter trade routes. The term “logistics”as used today originated in the military during World War Ⅱ. Military logistics focused on the strategic movement of military personnel and supplies. When military logisticians returned from the war, they began to apply what they had learned to theproblems of business logistics.那些没有牵涉到集成物流的*出乎意料的出现。
这偏离了事实！集成物流已经贯穿了人类历史。
像亚历山大大帝、哥伦布和麦哲伦一样伟大的探险者应用物流概念去扩大版图和寻找更短的商贸途径。
我们现在习惯称之为的“物流”起源于二战期间的军队中。
军用物流的重点在于军用人力和物力的战略转移。
当军事物流从战争中回来以后，他们开始把他们所学到的知识应用于商业物流中。
In the early 1960s, Peter Drucker brought the concept to the forefront. In an article entitled“The Economy’s Dark Continent,”Drucker said that:“We know little more today about distribution than Napoleon’s contemporaries knew about the interior of Africa. We know it is there, and we know it is big, and that’s about all.”20世纪60年代早期，彼得德鲁克使物流的概念成为社会的主流。
在一本题目为《经济的黑暗大陆》的文章中彼得德鲁克说：“在非洲大陆上，我们对今天的物流配送的了解比拿破仑那个时代了解的更多。
我们知道他在那，我们知道他很大，而且那差不多是全部。
”In that same article, Drucker also pointed out that distribution was a last frontier for top management to find strategic efficiencies. Then, distribution referred to many of the activities included in today’s concept of integrated logistics.在这篇文章中，德鲁克也指出物流配送是一个对高层管理寻找战略效率来说唯一剩下的尚待开发的领域。
然后，物流配送被包括当代的集成物流的概念和许多活动所涉及。
Many variables affected the evolution and growth of integrated logistics. The first was the growth of consumer awareness and the marketing concept of the 1960s Product lines expanded to meet the rising demand for more selections. This product line expansion put great pressure on distribution channels to move more products and keep costs down, especially in transportation and inventory.许多变量的影响着集成物流的演变和发展。
第一个就是客户意识的发展和20世纪六十年为了满足增加更多选择的需求而带来的产品种类扩张的市场营销观念。
这种产品种类的扩张要运送更多的产品和保持低成本，给分销渠道带来很大的压力，特别是在运输和库存方面。
A second factor was the introduction of the computer. Computer experts and integrated logistics managers quickly found a multitude of computer applications for logistics. These applications offered still greater efficiency in transportation routing and scheduling, inventory control, warehouse layout and design, and every aspect of integrated logistics. In fact, computers allowed integrated logistics managers to model integrated logistics systems and then analyze the effects of proposed changes; this application greatly advanced the system’s approach.第二个因素就是计算机的引进。
计算机专家和集成物流的管理者很快的建立了大量的有关物流的计算机应用程序。
这些应用程序在运输送货、行程安排、库存控制、仓库布局和设计、和集成物流的每一个方面带来了巨大的效率。
实际上，计算机容许集成物流管理者建立集成物流系统，并且分析提出变动的影响。