高中英语语法分词

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英语语法 分词短语有哪些常见的类型

英语语法 分词短语有哪些常见的类型

英语语法分词短语有哪些常见的类型分词短语在英语语法中有多种常见的类型,下面我将介绍其中一些:1. 现在分词短语(Present Participle Phrase):由动词的现在分词形式构成,以-ing结尾。

例如:Walking in the park, she enjoyed the fresh air.(在公园散步时,她享受着新鲜的空气。

)2. 过去分词短语(Past Participle Phrase):由动词的过去分词形式构成,通常以-ed或-en结尾。

例如:Surrounded by friends, she felt happy.(被朋友们包围着,她感到很开心。

)3. 完成分词短语(Perfect Participle Phrase):由助动词"have"或"had"加上动词的过去分词构成。

例如:Having studied for hours, he was tired.(学习了几个小时后,他感到疲倦。

)4. 进行分词短语(Participial Phrase of Continuous Action):表示一个动作正在进行。

例如:She was reading a book, sipping her tea.(她一边喝茶一边看书。

)5. 定语分词短语(Participial Phrase as an Adjective):用来修饰名词或代词,相当于一个形容词。

例如:The broken window needs to be fixed.(需要修好的窗户。

)6. 独立分词短语(Absolute Participial Phrase):与整个句子相关,不与主句的其他成分有逻辑上的从属关系。

例如:The sun having set, we went inside.(太阳已经下山,我们走进去了。

)7. 表语分词短语(Participial Phrase as a Predicate):用来作为主语后面的补语,描述主语的状态或特征。

高中英语分词语法(46张ppt)

高中英语分词语法(46张ppt)

Anybody swimming in this river will be fined. = Anybody who is swimming in this river will be fined. 在这条河里游泳的任何一个人都会被罚款。
3. -ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语, 相当于一个非限制性定语从句, 这时, 它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。如:
• The house built over there is a shop. (被动、已建好)

三、-ing形式作表语(Predicative) -ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后, 用来泛指 某种动作或行为, 以说明主语的身份、性质或 情况。如: Her hobby is painting. 她的业余爱好是画画。 My job is looking after the children.
The excited people rushed out of the building. They found a damaged car at the gate of the park.
(2) 所表示的时间
过去分词作定语时,所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动 作之前发生,(或者没有一定的时间性)。
有关人士
the changing world (正在变化的) the changed world (变化了的) boiling water boiled water
(正在沸腾的) (已经沸腾过的) (正在凋谢的)
(已经凋谢的)
fading flowers faded flowers
a developing country a developed country
He is interested in the book. What a surprising result! I am surprised at what he said.

英语语法基础-第6讲(分词)

英语语法基础-第6讲(分词)

(3)分词作补足语
分词和分词短语可以作宾语补足语和主语补足语。通 常用于下列单词后面 : 表示感觉和心理状态的动词
■ feel 感到 ■ find 发现 ■ hear 听到 ■ observe 观察到 ■ listen to 听 ■ see 看见
■ look at 注视 ■ notice 注意到 ■ smell 闻到 ■ watch 看,注视
■ encouraging/encouraged ■ exciting/excited
■ convincing/convinced ■ touching/touched ■ surprising/surprised
■ confusing/confused
■ frightening/frightened ■ puzzling/puzzled ■ interesting/interested ■ terrifying/terrified
D. 分词短语表示结果,相当于一个结果状语从句。表示
结果的分词短语前可以加thus(因此)。例:
He met a traffic jam, (thus) being late for the work (= so that he was late for the work) .
(4)分词作状语
表示“致使……做某事或处于某种状态”等意义的动词
■ catch 发现 ■ leave 致使 ■ get 使得 ■ make 使 ■ have 使、让 ■ set 使 ■ keep 保持
(3)分词作补足语
A. 作宾语补足语 。例:

I saw him studying in the classroom. He once heard the song sung in English. 注:have (get) sth. done 这一结构通常表示“主 语让别人做某事” 。例:

中学英语语法讲义:分词

中学英语语法讲义:分词

中学英语语法讲义:分词一、概说英语分词分现在分词和过去分词。

现在分词与动名词相同,规则动词的过去分词与过去式相同,不规则动词的过去分词没有特别规则,需特别记忆。

分词是非谓语动词的一种,它一方面具有动词性质,可以有自己的状语,另一方面又具有形容词和副词功能,可用作定语和状语等。

二、现在分词的句法功能1. 作表语The news is encouraging. 这消息令人鼓舞。

The present situation is terrifying. 目前形势令人惊恐。

Please be seated. 请坐好。

The window was broken. 窗户破了。

注:(1) 有的用作表语的分词具有形容词性质,有的甚至已转化为形容词。

(2) 现在分词和动名词作表语的区别:现在分词作表语主要表示主语的性质和特征,而动名词作表语则主要是对主语内容的进一步说明和解释。

另外,动名词作表语时它可与主语交换位置,而现在分词作表语则不可与主语交换位置:误:Very interesting is my job.正:Looking after the children is my job.还有,作表语的现在分词不能带宾语,而作表语用的动名词可以带宾语(如上例)。

2. 作定语What disappointing news! 多么令人失望的消息!The story had a satisfying ending. 这故事有一个令人满意的结局。

She is a trained nurse. 她是一个受过训练的护士。

All these are required subjects. 所有这些都是必修课。

注:(1) 单个的分词作定语可以置于被修饰词语之前,但若是分词短语作定语则应置于被修饰名词之后:There is a gentleman asking to see you. 有一位先生要求见你。

She bought a computer produced in China. 她买了一台中国生产的电脑。

高中英语语法系列分词讲义

高中英语语法系列分词讲义

分词1 构成与特点英语中的分词有两种:现在分词(-ing分词)和过去分词(-ed分词)。

分词具有形容词、副词和动词的特征。

现在分词可以带状语或宾语,过去分词可以带状语,构成分词短语。

分词或分词短语在句中可以作定语、表语、补语或状语。

现在分词表示正在进行或主动意义,过去分词表示已经完成或被动意义。

“be+现在分词”构成进行时,“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成被动语态,“have/has+过去分词”构成现在完成时,“had+过去分词”构成过去完成时。

1)分词的否定式分词的否定式由“not+分词”构成。

Not daring to speak,they sat there silent.他们不敢说话,坐在那里一声不吭。

Not having found the wallet, he dare not go home.他没有找到钱包,不敢回家去。

He escaped, not being seen by anyone.他逃走了,没有人看见。

Not being included,he had to attend another interview.他没被录用,只好再参加另一个面试。

2)分词的一般式分词的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或之后发生。

Walking along the road,he found a pen.在路上走着的时候,他发现了一支钢笔。

(同时)They sat there, listening to the radio. 他们坐在那里,收听广播。

(同时) She went home,finding the door locked.她回到家发现门锁着。

(=She went home and found the door locked.finding动作后发生)提示如果现在分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前,就不可用分词,而要用定语从句。

He is the boy hitting his head against the door.(误)He is the boy who hit his head against the door.(正)他就是那个头撞到门上的男孩。

高中英语语法非谓语动词之分词

高中英语语法非谓语动词之分词
1 现在分词作状语,表示主动、进行 可按时空结合归纳,可按材料性质或类别归纳。这些方法视具体的文章而定。
本课首先讲.述了自由与规则的关系:社会规则划定了自由的边界,社会规则是人们享有自由的保障。接着提出我们要通过自律与他律做到
自觉遵守规则;同时要敬畏规则、树立规则意识,将规则内化于心、外化于行。最后指出我们要维护和改进规则,使之更加符合人民的利 益和社会发展的要求。
2. 过去分词作表语 多表示主语的状态,意为“对……感受
怎样”如:excited, interested, surprised, shocked……
Eg. We were disappointed at the trip.
Practice
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XX高中英语语法大全分词

XX高中英语语法大全分词

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分词一、分词的基本概念分词有现在分词和过去分词两种,主要在句中要起形容词和副词的作用。

它们可以带有自己的宾语、表语、状语等。

现在分词与过去分词的区别主要表现在语态和时间关系上:1. 在语态上,现在分词表示主动的意思,而及物动词的过去分词表示被动的意思: the moving body(运动着的物体):the moved body(被移动的物体)。

示的动作和句中谓语动词所表示的动作几乎是同时发生的;而过去分词表示已完成的动作或己存在的状态,即它所表示的动作一般先于句中谓语动词所表示的动作:I saw someone opening the door.I saw the door opened.二、分词作定语分词或分词短语作定语,通常是说明句子中名词的,但有时也说明代词one(ones),that (those),some,others,anything,something等:The girl in the next room is his sister.Today's puters are of much greater difference those used in the past(说明those)1. 现在分词作定语1) 表示正在进行的动作(变为定语从句时常用进行时态):The man standing(=Who is standing)at the door is our new maths teacher.2) 表示经常性动作或现在(或当时)的状态(变为定语从句时常用一般时态):They visited the museum lying(=which lies)nearby .语。

英语语法--分词

英语语法--分词

She heard the door slamming. 她听见门在砰砰作响。(反复的动作)
She heard the door slam. 她听见门砰地一声关上了。(一次性动作, 已完成)
4. 分词作状语
分词作状语时表示的动作是主语的一部分,与谓语表示的 动作(或状态)是同时或几乎同时发生的,有时先于谓语 动词的动作发生。分词作状语一般均要用逗号同其他成分 隔开。分词可以做时间、原因、方式、条件、结果、目的、 让步等状语。例如:
Defeated, they withdrew into the valley. (分词动作先发生)
Locked up, he had no way to escape. (分词动作同时发生)
a. 做时间状语相当于when引导的从句 这类状语通常放在句子前半部分,若两个动作同时发生, 可在分词前用when或while表示强调。 Hearing the news, they immediately set for shanghai. (when they heard the news, they…)听到这个消息,他们立即出发 去上海了。
On entering the door, she found the man lying dead on the floor. (一走进…)
In doing the work he met a lot of difficulties. (在做这项工作 的过程中…)
c. 做原因状语相当于as, since, because引导的从句 这类状语多放在句子的前半部分。例如: A bit frightened, he stood motionless. 他有点害怕,站着一 动不动 d. 作方式或伴随状语时,不能用状语从句替代 he walked down the hill, singing softly to himself. (=he walked down the hill and sang softly to himself. ) 他从小山 上走下来,一路哼着小曲。 e. 做条件状语相当于if, unless 等引导的从句 常见的引导条件状语的分词有:given, supposed, supposing, considering ,provided ,granted ,compared with等。 这类状语要放在句子的前半部分。例如: Turning to the right, you will find a path leading to his cottage. (if you turn to the right, you…) 向右转弯,你就可以 找到一条通到他别墅的小道。
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分词的用法
过去分词
过去分词只有一个形式, 及物动词的过去分词有完成和被动的意义;
不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成的意义,而没有被动的意义。 eg.
•The visitors looked surprised. •Are you married or single? •She had her hair dressed yesterday. •You may have your work done if you are too busy.
分词的用法
2. 作状语
表示时间、伴随、方式、原因等。eg.
•Living in the next door, I know him very well.
•Not knowing what to do, he turned to his father.
•The man got on a taxi, taking a suitcase in his hand.
现在分词
1. 现在分词一般式主动语态:表示分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时进行。
eg.
•Crusoe hurried home, looking behind as he went.
•Laughing and talking, they went out of the hall.
•Did you notice his hand shaking?
分词的用法
eg. 3. 现在分词一般式被动语态:表示一个被动动作正在进行。
•The large building being built down the street will be a hospital. •The car being repaired belongs to Mr. Smith.
•The story sounds very exciting.
•The little boy seemed frightened.
•He was so excited at the good news that he could hardly fall asleep..
•That they had won the game was surprising.
•What the father had said was really encouraging.
•People of the whole country were encouraged when they heard the news that their army had defeated the enemy.
2. 现在分词完成式主动语态:表示分词的动作在谓语动词的动作之前已经
完成。eg.
•Having finished his breakfast, he took his fishing things and went into his boat. •Not having done it right, I tried again.
being written
having been written written
going having gone
gone
说 1. 及物动词过去分词有被动及完成的意义,不及物动
词的过去分词没有被动的意义。
2. 分词的否定形式由 not + 分词构成。
明 3. 分词在句中作定语、状语、表语和补语。
分词的用法
4. 现在分词完成式被动语态:表示分词的动作在谓语动词的动作之前已经
完成。eg.
•Having been shown the labs, we were taken to see the library. •Having been questioned, the murderer was thrown into prison.
•Ask the children to keep away from the running machine. •The man giving a talk is a professor from the USA. •Miss Green is a teacher loved by all the students. •The boy crying there lost his way home. •The boiling water is giving out steam. •The people injured in the accident last week are still in hospital..
•Having been set free, the doctor discovered the terrible wrongs that the nobles had done to the poor.
•Surrounded by a lot of newsmen, the mayor of the city felt he had to say something.
•Deeply moved by the story, their eyes were full of tears.
•Helped by her friend, she worked out the problem in the end..
分词的用法
3. 作表语
ole family felt excited about Grandpa’s arrival.
分词的用法
非谓语动词——分词
分词的用法
分词的特征
•分词具有动词、形容词和副词的特征
•分词可以带状语, 及物动词的分词可 以带宾语
分词的用法
两类动词、两种分词形式的对比
语态
及物动词write
形式
主动语态
被动语态
Vi. go
主动语态
现在 一般式 分词
完成式
过去分词
writing
having written
•Heated, water will change into steam.
•Encouraged by his teacher’s words, Robby tried again and succeeded in the end.
分词的用法
分词和分词短语的用法
1. 作定语 单纯分词作定语前置,分词短语作定语后置。eg.
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