From the First to Last Draft从第一个到最后草案
2025届高中英语一轮话题复习(教师版)：主题二人与社会 语境21 对社会有突出贡献的人物
主题对接教材人教版选择性必修第一册Unit 1People of achievement；Unit 5 Working the land；选择性必修第二册Unit 1Science and scientists译林版必修第三册Unit 4Scientists who changed the world 北师大版必修第二册Unit 6The admirableⅠ.阅读单词——会意1．doctorate n．博士学位2．artemisinin n．[药]青蒿素3．botanical adj.植物学的4．malaria n．疟疾5．extract n．提取物；摘录v t.提取；提炼；摘录；(用力)拔出6．substance n．物质；物品；事实根据；内容；重要性7．patent n．专利权；专利证书v t.获得专利adj.有专利的；受专利保护的8．authority n．权威；权力；官方9．institute n．(教育、专业等)机构；机构建筑10．professor n．教授11．mourn v t.& v i.哀悼；忧伤12．data n．数据，资料，材料13．numerous adj.众多的；许多的Ⅱ.重点单词——记形1．genius n．(pl.geniuses)天才；天资；天赋2．flee v i.& v t.(fled，fled)迅速离开；逃跑3．standout adj.突出的n．突出的人(或物)4．remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的5．crucial adj.至关重要的；关键性的6．vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的7．extraordinary adj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的8．warm-hearted adj.热心肠的9．liquid n．液体adj.液体的；液态的10．boil v t.& v i.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开n．沸腾；沸点11．obtain v t.(尤指经努力)获得，赢得v i.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行；沿袭12．easy-going adj.随和的；温和宽容的13．outspoken adj.直言的；坦诚的14．circumstance n．[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况15．found v t.创建；建立；把……建立在16．severe adj.严重的；剧烈的；严厉的17．theory n．理论；学说18．credit n．赞扬，认可；信用v t.存入金额；把……归功于19．conduct v t.& v i.组织，实施；指挥；引导；举止20．publish v t.出版，发行；发表；公布21．charge v t.& v i.充电；收费；控告；谴责；使……承担责任；使充满n．收费；控告；谴责；掌管22．encounter v t.偶然碰到；遇到n．邂逅；遭遇23．draft n．草稿；草案v t.起草；草拟24．experiment n．实验，试验；尝试，实践v i.做试验，进行实验；尝试25．postpone v t.延迟，延期Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变1．objective n．目的，目标adj.客观的→objectively ad v.客观地2．gradual adj.逐渐的；渐进的→gradually ad v.逐渐地；逐步地3．acknowledge v t.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢→acknowledgement n．承认；感谢4．apparently ad v.显而易见；看来；显然→apparent adj.明显的；清晰可见的；表面上的5．infer(inferred，inferred) v t.推断，推定→inference n．推断；推理6．hope n．& v．希望；期望→hopeful adj.怀有希望的；有希望的→hopeless adj.没有希望的；令人绝望的7．self n．自我；自身→selfish adj.自私的→selfless adj.无私的；忘我的→selflessness n．无私；忘我→selfishness n．自私自利8．commit v t.做出(错事或非法的事)；犯(罪或错等)；承诺；保证；花(钱或时间) v i.忠于(某个人、机构等)；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→commitment n．投入；奉献；承诺；忠诚9．academy n．(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校→academic adj.学业的；学术的10．evaluate v t.评价；评估→evaluation n．评价；评估11．analyse(NAmE -ze) v t.分析→analysis(pl.analyses) n．分析12．scientific adj.科学(上)的；关于科学的→science n．科学→scientist n．科学家13．declare v t.表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报→declaration n．宣称；公布，宣布14．novelist n．小说家→novel n．(长篇)小说adj.新颖的；新奇的15．politician n．政治家；从政者；政客→politics n．政治→political adj.政治的16．responsible adj.有责任的；负责的→responsibility n．责任，负责；职责，义务→responsibly ad v.可信赖地；负责地17．passion n．酷爱；激情→passionate adj.具有强烈信念的；热爱的，酷爱的18．contribute v i.& v t.有助于，促成；贡献；投稿；捐助→contribution n．促成作用；贡献；出资；捐赠；捐赠物；稿件19．curious adj.好奇的；求知欲强的→curiosity n．好奇心；求知欲→curiously ad v.好奇地20．intend v i.& v t.想要，计划；意指→intended adj.计划的；为……设计或打算的→intention n．打算1．physiology n．生理学；生理机能2．intellectual adj.脑力的；有才智的n．知识分子；脑力劳动者3．qualification n．资格4．capable adj.有能力的，有才能的5．diligent adj.勤奋的6．straightforward adj.坦率的7．thoughtful adj.考虑周到的8．limited adj.有限的Ⅳ.背核心短语1．commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth)承诺；保证做某事2．insist on坚决要求3．take up 拿起；占据；开始从事；接受4．come to power(开始)掌权；上台5．sum up总结；概括6．be strict with...对……严格7．speed up(使)加速8．through trial and error反复试验9．with a bang很成功；引人注目，有强烈影响10．be sentenced to 被判处……(徒刑)11．as to关于，至于12．put forward提出，提议，建议13．by accident偶然，意外地14．with the objective of 带着……的目的15．manage to do sth 设法做某事16．have a passion for对……有强烈的爱好17．succeed in doing...成功做……18．be intended for/to do sth为……打算(或设计)的；旨在……；预定……用途Ⅴ.悟经典句式1．倍数表达法(be＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than)Our great designer，Mr Green，designed a new stadium which is three times larger than the playground.我们伟大的设计师格林先生设计了一座比操场大三倍的新体育场。
外研版高中英语选修8 Module4教案Module 5 辅导
外研社选修八Module 5辅导材料1.assumeassume this to be true假定这是真的assume that假定assume office就职assume the reins of government执政, 开始掌权assume a leading position担任领导职务assume responsibility负责, 承担责任assume a new aspect呈现新的面貌assume airs of摆……架子assume great airs神气活现, 装作要人的模样, 摆架子assume a new name用新名字, 用化名The motion of matter always assumes certain forms.物质的运动总是表现为一定的形式。
He's not such a fool as you assumed him to be.他并非你所以为的那样愚蠢。
I assume you always get up at the same time.我想你总是在同一个时间起床。
pretend feign assume affectpretend 指“感觉到某事, 而在言行上装出是真的”, 如: pretend not to hear假装没听见feign 指“精心装有或装作”, 如:feign deafness装聋assume 指“装出有某种感情的样子, 以掩饰其真正的感情”, 如: She assumed a look of sorrow.她假装着悲伤的样子。
affect 指“为达到某种效果而假装有某种特征或情感”, 如: affect a British accent装英国腔2.in spite of不因……而停止；不顾……They kept going in spite of their fears.他们不顾害怕继续前进虽然；尽管……仍I went out in spite of the rain.尽管下雨我还是出去了。
人教版高一英语词组
人教版高一英语词组上册Unit 1argue about争论......be fond of 喜欢......all the time 一直，始终make fire 生火develop a friendship建立友谊care about 关心，担心in order to 为了......hunt for 搜寻；追寻；寻找such as 例如make friends交朋友be regard as被当作.......click …away 点击......发送make a difference有所不同drop sb. a line给某人写信keep in mind记住at the end of 在......的末尾wake up醒来wander off 漫步most of the time 大部分时间either…or… 或......或......each other 互相spend…(in)doing sth 花费时间做某事be determined to do 决定做......think about 看法for example 举例子work out 得出；解决argue for 为......辩护argue with 与......争论/争辩argue against 争辩......set up （具体）设置；安装/（抽象）建立do some research 做研究choose to do sth. 宁愿、偏要、决定做某事catch one’s eye 引起某人的注意care for 照顾be intended for/to do 为......而准备、预定reach a doctor 找到医生must have done 一定是；想必是get a training 得到训练as well as ……也second to 次于get sb. into使某人进入/陷入story after story 一个故事接着一个day after day 一天又一天deliver a baby 给……接生make sure 确保by the time 这时候carry on 继续be concerned about 对......关心put…to death 处死devote…to…把......专注于......rather than 不是......而是......mean doing 意味着mean to do 打算做......settle down 安顿下来apply to 应用到......be prepared to 已经做好准备去做......prepare to do 准备要做......Unit 2for the first time 第一次；首次(作状语)all the way 一路；全程；一直at all (与否定词连用)根本，丝毫make oneself at home 别客气native language 本族语all around the world 世界各地the majority of 大多数的in total 总额；总数mother tongue 母语except for 除了有......之外develop into 长成；发展成have a good knowledge of...通晓，熟知......on (over) the phone 在电话里；在打(接)电话communicate with sb．by sth．通过某物与(某人)联络know about 了解；知道come about 发生；产生the answer to the question 问题的答案borrow...from.... 从......借(入)......stay up 不睡；熬夜end up with... 以......告终more or less 或多或少have sorne difficulty in doing sth. 干某事有困难bring in 引来；引起；吸收make sure 深信；弄清楚；设法做到a great many 许多；大量if so 如果有......if not 如果没有......know about 了解call him a farmer 称呼他为农民in many ways 在许多方面struggle for 为......斗争the past five decades 过去的五十年be born in poverty 出生贫困graduate from 毕业于......since then 从那以后thanks to 由于rid…of…使......摆脱......be satisfied with 对......满足lead a … life 过着......生活used to 过去常常be used to 被用来做；习惯于get used to 习惯于prefer to do sth. 更喜欢做某事wish for 欲得到、愿得到no matter 无论in need of 需要refer to 谈及；提到be rich in 富含insist on doing 坚持做......ready to do sth 准备好要做没某事be against 反对pay attention to 注意；留心that is to say 换句话说be certain/sure to do 确信会做某事persuade sb to do sth 说服某人干某事-结果成功advise sb to do sth 劝说某人干某事-结果失败Unit 3instead of 而不是；代替get close (to)... 接近......get away from 逃离go for a hike 去远足，郊游watch out (for) 注意；当心protect...from ...保护.......使不受.......in a few days’ time 几天之后；离......还有好几天as with 至于；就......方面来说go off 走开；离去see...off 为某人送行on the other hand 另一方面as well as 也；还；而且used to do 过去常常做......at least 最少；至少find out 查明；弄清楚arrive at／in...到达......pick up 拿起；拾起；(偶然)得到；听到；(非正规地)学到(会)；(开车)接人think about 考虑make notes 做笔记in space 在宇宙中have a picnic 野餐bump into 撞上(=knock into)；碰见be content with 对......满足worse off 境况差astonish sb. with sth. 用某事物使某人震惊be famous for 由于......而著名in poverty 贫困be well known 闻名be set in 以......为背景in search of 寻找pick up 捡起be caught in 被困在......pick out （用个人喜好或希望进行）挑选cut off切下star in 表演turn into 变为ask for 要求......no more than不超过come across 走过来；偶然碰到break down 把......分解/弄碎；损坏fall over 摔翻fall down 倒塌do well in ……（方面）做得好make a cup of tea 泡茶bring out 取出；阐明bring in 引入a sense of ……观念Unit 4take place 发生look into 调查be caught in 遇（雨）；陷入（圈套）be on hire 失火work as从事sweep away 扫除hold onto紧紧抓住；保持住；不放弃be upon 逼近；临近pull...up 把......往上拽get on one’feet 站立起来fight for one’s life 为生存而斗争move up 上涨fall down 跌倒；失败tree after tree 一棵树接一棵树cut down 减少；减价up and down 上上下下；来来回回work out 计算；想出；制定refer to 查阅；提出；指的是hand in 上交spend time (in) doing sth. 花费时间做某事go through 浏览；翻阅；通过on holiday 在度假take photos of 照相be afraid of 害怕（担心会出现某种情况）with a look of fright 面带恐惧的表情be interested in 对......感兴趣look around四周张望send sb. to do 派遣某人......even if 尽管meet with(=come into)偶然碰到may have done 某事可能已经做了（或发生）reach out…for… 伸出.......去.......not all 不是所有spoken language 口语close to 靠近be likely to 有可能.......introduce sth. to sb. 向某人介绍....... not…nor…既不......也不......shake hands with(=shake one’s hand)与某人握手all kinds of 多种多样的......be similar to 与......相似at ease 安逸up and down 上下protect sb from V-ing/sth 从......保护某人with your hands a little open 手微微张开be willing to愿意去做......look sb. in the eye 正视/直视某人take action 采取行动watch out 小心Unit 5silver screen 银幕primary school 小学make comments (on) 发表评论（意见）give one’s opinion 发表意见，看法play roles in......在......中扮演角色in the beginning 起初get married 结婚make money 赚钱；发财致富take off 脱掉(衣服)；飞机(起飞)：成功；go wrong 走错路；不对头；出毛病do research 研究be bad for 对......有害in all 总共；总之stay away (for...) 不在家lock sb．up 将某人锁于某处，将某人监禁起来take one’s place 代替，就座a 13-year-old girl 一个十三岁的女孩run after 追赶；追捕run away 不辞而别；失去控制owe sth．to sb．把......归功于某人can't afford to do 没有能力做......on the air 正在播出的can't help doing 情不自禁做某事get off... 下车(飞机，马)call for (sb．) 提倡；号召；需要think highly of 对......高度评价provide sb. wi th…提供.......a bit 一会儿；一点儿such as如.......a variety of 各种各样的......charge…for…向......收费be based on 以......为基础not just 不仅仅along with 连同......；伴随......come to life 活跃起来have sth done 使得......；让......被做be named after 以.......命名be different from 与......不同get close to 靠近learn about（=learn of）学习；得知；听到take an active part in 积极参与face to face 面对面try out 试验large amounts of/a large amount of 大量（不可数）point out 指出at least 至少Unit 6make use of 利用introduce sb. To sb 把某人介绍给某人.apologize to sb. For 因......向某人道歉write down 写下，记下pay a visit to some place 参观某地keep silent 保持沉默for a moment 一段特定的时间，片刻leave out 省去，遗漏；不考虑ask for sth. 要求得到某物be busy with sth. 忙于某事at table 在吃饭drink to one’s health 为某人的健康干杯do well in 在......方面干的不错invite sb. To do sth. 邀请某人去干某事a thank-you letter 一封感谢信thank sb. For 因......而感谢某人laugh at 嘲笑stare at 盯着看make jokes about sb. 开某人玩笑keep sth. In mind 记住......Unit 7make suggestions 提建议not...but 不是......而是under attack 受到攻击give in 投降；屈服；让步in ruins 成为废墟；遭到严重破坏give up 放弃；停止bring...back to life 使......苏醒；使生动with the help of 在......帮助下come true 成为现实change one’s mind 改变主意in pieces 成为碎片pull down 拆倒send up 发射set up 建起turn...into 把......变成give out 捐出；献出be in danger 处于危险境地be worried about 对......担心date from 追溯be marked with 标记Unit 8stand for 代表prefer doing to doing 喜欢做某事而不喜欢做某事every four years 每四年the same as 和......相同，in modern (ancient)times 在现代(古代)join in 参加do one’s best to do sth. 努力做某事in track and field 在田径比赛中in preparation for 为.......而准备have good(bad) effects ontens of thousands of 几十万encourange sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事take exercise 进行锻炼：，at the opening of 在......开幕式上by hand 手工take care of 照顾spend…on 在......花钱（时间）more than 不仅仅have a chance to do sth．有机会做某事Unit 9in everyday life 在日常生活中give sb. some advice on sth. 给某人在某方面提建议get together 聚会。
新教材高中英语UNIT2Onwardsandupwards课件外研版选择性必修第一册
第1讲 描述Un运i动t 的2 基本O概nw念ards and upwards
20.orchestra n. (大型的)管弦乐队 21.tactile adj. 触觉的 22.perfume n. 香味 23.relish n. 享受,乐趣 24.morsel n. (尤指食物的)一小片,一小块 (C)拓展词汇—灵活用 1. inform v.通知,告知→ information n.信息;消息 2. rarely adv.很少,难得→ rare adj.稀有的;罕见的;珍贵的 3. rejection n.拒绝,否决→ reject v.拒绝接受;不予考虑 4. persevere v.锲而不舍,坚持不懈→ perseverance n.毅力;韧性;不屈不挠的 精神
第1讲 描述Un运i动t 的2 基本O概nw念ards and upwards
inform v.通知，告知 We Regret to Inform You...（教材P14） 我们很遗憾地通知你……
情景导学 Please inform me of/about your arrival time beforehand. 请提前通知我你的到达时间。 In the past, people used to listen to the radio to keep themselves informed of the latest news. 过去，人们常听收音机，以便了解最新消息。 The rapid development of We Media enables people to get more informati on than before. 自媒体的迅速发展使人们能够获得比以往更多的信息。
英语练习册3
英语练习册3此文不允许商用Unit 11.We are ______ faced with the necessity to recognize that having more people implies a lower standard of living.我们不可避免地面临着认识到有更多的人意味着一个较低的生活水平的必要性。
A.readilyB.smoothlyC.inevitablyD.deliberately2.Archeologists _____ great value to the set of ancient cooking vessels unearthed in Shanxi.考古学家对套古炊器出土于山西附上杰出的价值。
A.grantedB.devotedC.attachedD.directed3.Convenience foods which are already prepared for cooking are ____in grocery stores.方便食品已经准备好用于烹饪在杂货店。
A.readyB.approachableC.probableD.available(可获得的)4.Tom could not ____the last problem on the arithmetic test.汤姆不明白算术测试的最后一个问题。
A.fill outB.figure out C .find out D.filter out5.For the currency to keep ____,the government has to adopt some strong measures.为了保持稳定，政府必须采取一些有力措施。
A.concreteB.fertileC.productiveD.stable6.There was a good deal of ____ to the introduction of foreign cultures.外来文化引进有着很大的抵抗。
外研社2019必修第三册 Unit3 The world of science 词汇汇总
单词1. desiren．渴望，欲望vt.希望得到；想要(1)have a desire for sth. 想得到某物have a desire to do sth. 想要做某事have a desire that...（should）do sth. 想要……做某事(2)desire (sb.) to do sth. 想要(某人)做某事desire that...(should) do... 渴望……做……例句(1)She has a strong desire for knowledge and wants to go to college very much.她对知识有强烈的渴望，很想上大学。
(2)Disabled people desire to live a normal life. In other words，they want to live as well asordinary people do.残疾人渴望过正常的生活。
换句话说，他们想跟普通人生活得一样好。
(3)My parents desired that I make good preparations for the interview.我的父母希望我为面试做好准备。
短语2. in addition除此之外，另外(1)in addition(＝as well/besides)为副词短语，常放在句首，也可放在句中、句尾。
(2)in addition to(＝as well as/besides/apart from)介词短语，“除……之外”，后接名词或动名词。
例句(1)In addition, students need train together,share their achievement together and overcome the hardship together.此外，学生需要在一起训练，一起分享成功，一起克服困难。
2021 年云南省初中学业水平考试-英语试题卷(Word版+答案+听力材料)
机密★考试结束前2021年云南省初中学业水平考试英语试题卷(全卷四个部分，共8页；满分120分，考试用时120分钟) 注意事项：1.本卷为试题卷。
考生必须在答题卡上解题作答。
答案应书写在答题卡的相应位置上，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。
2.考试结束后，请将试题卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分听力（共四节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试题卷上，录音内容结束后，请将试题卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5 个句子，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出与所听句子内容相关的图画。
听完每个句子后，你将有5 秒钟的作答时间。
每个句子听两遍。
1.A. B. C.2.A. B. C.3.A. B. C.4.A. B. C.5.A. B. C.第二节（共5 小题；每小题1.5 分，满分7.5 分）听下面5 个句子，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出与所听句子内容相符的正确答语。
听完每个句子后，你将有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每个句子听两遍。
6.A. A doctor. B. 12 years old. C. 70 dollars.7.A. Keep going! B. Good luck to you! C. Thanks a lot!8.A. Never mind. B. Sure. I can't wait. C. Congratulations!9.A. Have great fun! B. What a pity! C. Good for you!10.A. I t's 20 minutes' walk. B. It's black and yellow. C. It’s half past eleven.第三节（共5 小题；每小题1.5 分，满分7.5 分）听下面5 段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。
Unit8LiteratureLessons1-2知识清单-2023-2024学年高中英语北师大版选
U8L12原文呈现THE LAST LEAFGreenwich Village格林威治村is a place where the art people came together，hunting for apartments with northfacing windows and low rents. At the top of a threestory building，Sue and Johnsy苏和约翰西had their studio.In November，a cold，unseen stranger，whom the doctors called Pneumonia “肺炎”，arrived in Greenwich Village.Mr.Pneumonia placed his icy finger on Johnsy约翰西；and she lay，barely moving，in her bed staring at a blank wall空墙under her blanket.The doctor took Sue aside and claimed，“She has one chance in—let us say，ten.And that chance is for her to want to live.Try to encourage her to think more hopeful thoughts，about the future，about living.”Sue took some paper and a pen into Johnsy's room and began a pen drawing，in an attempt to raise Johnsy's spirits（打起精神）.Johnsy's eyes were open，but they weren't watching her.Instead，she stared out the window and counted backwards：“Ten，nine，eight，seven ...”“What are you counting，dear？” asked Sue.“They're falling faster now，”replied Johnsy.“Three days ago there were almost a hundred.But now it's easy.There are only five left now.Five leaves on the ivy vine常春藤.When the last one falls，I must go，too.Didn't the doctor tell you？”“Oh，I never heard of such nonsense，”quickly replied Sue.But Johnsy's mind was made up.“I want to see the last one fall.I'm tired of waiting.I want to go sailing down，down，just like one of those poor，tired leaves.”“Try to sleep，”said Sue.Then she went to fetch her neighbour，Mr.Behrman 伯曼先生，to be a model for her drawing.He was a failed painter.In 40 years he had never produced the masterpiece he longed to paint.Sue told him about Johnsy's longing to slip away like the leaves.Behrman cried with disbelief.“Are there people in the world that foolish to think they'll die because leaves drop off from a vine? Thisis not a place in which Miss Johnsy shall lie sick.Someday I will paint a masterpiece，and we shall all go away.”Behrman and Sue looked out the window at the vine and noticed that there was just one remaining leaf.What's more，a cold rain was falling，mixed with snow.The next morning，Johnsy woke and asked for the curtains to be opened.One leaf remained on the vine，bravely holding on in the wind and rain.“It will fall today.And I will die with it.”The following day，Johnsy asked again for the curtains to be opened.The leaf was still there!Johnsy lay for a long time looking at it.“I've been a bad girl，Sue，”said Johnsy.“It is a crime to want to die.”Then she asked for some food.In the afternoon，the doctor visited，“Even chances，”said the doctor，“with good nursing，you'll win.And now I must see a fellow downstairs，Behrman.Pneumonia，too.There is no hope for him.”The next day，Sue came to Johnsy's bed.“I have something to tell you，”she said.“Mr.Behrman died today.He was ill for only two days.The janitor found him lying in bed helplessly with pain yesterday morning.His shoes and clothing were wet through and icy cold.They couldn't imagine where he had been on such a terrible night.And then they found a lantern，still lit，and some brushes，and—look out the window，dear，at the last ivy leaf on the wall.Didn't you wonder why it never moved an inch when the wind blew? Ah，dear，it's Behrman's masterpiece—he painted it there the night when the last leaf fell.”译文参考最后一片叶子格林威治村是艺术人士聚集的地方，他们在那里寻找窗户朝北(阴面)且低租金的公寓。
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Possible hang-ups at this stage
Lack of motivation
Set a manageable goal for the next few hours and take a break when you reach it
Lose direction in the paper
Look back at your research articles
Use your research and your analysis to fill in the gaps in your outline
Put away your articles before you write
Write with the research fresh in your mind, but not in front of you to avoid plagiarism
Examples of transition sentences
Example: Amy Tan became a famous author after her novel, The
Joy Luck Club, skyrocketed up the bestseller list. There are other things to note about Tan as well. Amy
Reread your outline Read what you have written so far out loud
Talk out the topic with a friend or tutor
Make an oral argument based on your topic to a friend. Let them ask questions and make comments
Writing: Your paper under construction
Construction graphic?
Moving from outline to paper
Before you begin:
Remember—It’s a first draft. It’s ok to ignore formatting and spellinபைடு நூலகம் for now.
However, don’t ignore references or citations. They will be hard to track down later if you ignore them now.
Allow time for revision or outside editing, or both.
Transition Sentences
What do transitions do?
Help readers understand how paragraphs work together, and build to an overall point.
Highlight connections between paragraphs. By referencing in one paragraph the relevant material from previous ones, writers can develop important points for their readers.
1) move the paragraph elsewhere 2) Include a transition sentence to introduce the
paragraph Cut the paragraph if it is no longer relevant
Flow of your argument
Continue one paragraph where another leaves off
If this is especially challenging, it’s possible the paragraphs don't belong together at all.
Use key phrases from the previous paragraph and highlighting them in the next to create an obvious progression for readers.
Photo of 2 people talking
Audio of someone consulting someone else for advice on their paper
Paragraph transitions
Read paper aloud
If something seems out of place or abrupt, you need to:
Don’t surprise the reader or leave him/her in the dark Make your argument explicit; don’t just allude to your point Avoid vague statements Don’t start a sentence with “This.” Be explicit about what you are referencing
From the First to Last Draft
By Samantha Schwartz, Mirka Ivanovic, & Rose Elias
Table of Contents
I. Introduction II. Pre-writing III. Writing IV. Revising & proofreading V. Final Steps