文都考研英语寒假作业_第17天
2017年考研《英语二》真题答案（文都版）
2017年全国硕⼠研究⽣⼊学统⼀考试英语(⼀)试题及答案 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!" 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter. In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 . "Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that's usually 14 with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty." Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called "the bonding hormone" 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology. 1.[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout 【答案】[B] Besides 2.[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior 【答案】[A] connected 3.[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host 【答案】[D] host 4.[A ]recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep 【答案】[C] avoid 5.[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting 【答案】[B] involving 6.[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on 【答案】[D] on 7.[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted 【答案】[B] exposed 8.[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out 【答案】[C] down 9.[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined 【答案】[A] calculated 10.[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained 【答案】[D] explained 11.[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus 【答案】[A] Even 12.[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors 【答案】[B] symptoms 13.[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased 【答案】[D] increased 14.[A] equipped B] associated [C] presented [D] compared 【答案】[B] associated 15.[A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate [D] record 【答案】[C] generate 16.[A] in the face of [B] in the form of [C] in the way of [D] in the name of 【答案】[A] in the face of 17.[A] transfer [B] commit [C] attribute [D] return 【答案】[C] attribute 18.[A] because [B] unless [C] though [D] until 【答案】[A] because 19.[A] emerges [B] vanishes [C] remains [D] decreases 【答案】[C] remains 20.[A] experiences [B] combines [C] justifies [D]influences 【答案】[D]influences Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1 First two hours , now three hours-this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight , at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines. Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea ,provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating. Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons---both fake and real-past airport security nearly every time they tried .Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago's O'Hare International .It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become-but the lines are obvious. Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel , so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this. There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people inthe PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck. It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock. Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways. The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work. 21. the crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to [A] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide. [B] highlight the necessity of upgrading major US airports. [C] explain Americans' tolerance of current security checks. [D] emphasis the importance of privacy protection. 【答案】[C] explain Americans' tolerance of current security checks. 22. which of the following contributions to long waits at major airport? [A] New restrictions on carry-on bags. [B] The declining efficiency of the TSA. [C] An increase in the number of travelers. [D] Frequent unexpected secret checks. 【答案】[C] An increase in the number of travelers. 23.The word "expedited" (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to [A] faster. [B] quieter. [C] wider. [D] cheaper. 【答案】[A] faster. 24. One problem with the PreCheck program is [A] A dramatic reduction of its scale. [B] Its wrongly-directed implementation. [C] The government's reluctance to back it. [D] An unreasonable price for enrollment. 【答案】[D] An unreasonable price for enrollment. 25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? [A] Less Screening for More Safety [B] PreCheck-a Belated Solution [C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines [D] Underused PreCheck Lanes 【答案】[B] PreCheck-a Belated Solution Text 2 "The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers," wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos. At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko , that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity. Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation. Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island's inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today. Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes. The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope's visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones w i l l b e r e m o v e d a t t h e e n d o f t h e i r l i f e t i m e s a n d t h e i r s i t e s r e t u r n e d t o a n a t u r a l s t a t e . T h e r e i s n o r e a s o n w h y e v e r y o n e c a n n o t b e w e l c o m e d o n M a u n a K e a t o e m b r a c e t h e i r c u l t u r a l h e r i t a g e a n d t o s t u d y t h e s t a r s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 3 " > 0 0 2 6 . ? Q u e e n L i l i u o k a l a n i ' s r e m a r k i n P a r a g r a p h 1 i n d i c a t e s / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 4 " > 0 0 [ A ] i t s c o n s e r v a t i v e v i e w o n t h e h i s t o r i c a l r o l e o f a s t r o n o m y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 5 " > 0 0 [ B ] t h e i m p o r t a n c e o f a s t r o n o m y i n a n c i e n t H a w a i i a n s o c i e t y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 6 " > 0 0 [ C ] t h e r e g r e t t a b l e d e c l i n e o f a s t r o n o m y i n a n c i e n t t i m e s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 7 " > 0 0 [ D ] h e r a p p r e c i a t i o n o f s t a r w a t c h e r s ' f e a t s i n h e r t i m e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 8 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ B ] t h e i m p o r t a n c e o f a s t r o n o m y i n a n c i e n t H a w a i i a n s o c i e t y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 9 " > 0 0 2 7 . ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? M a u n a K e a i s d e e m e d a s a n i d e a l a s t r o n o m i c a l s i t e d u e t o / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 0 " > 0 0 [ A ] i t s g e o g r a p h i c a l f e a t u r e s / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 1 " > 0 0 [ B ] i t s p r o t e c t i v e s u r r o u n d i n g s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 2 " > 0 0 [ C ] i t s r e l ig i o u s i m p l i c a t i o n s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 3 " > 0 0 [ D ] i t s e x i s t i n g i n f r a s t r u c t u r e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 17 4 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ A ] i t s g e o g r a p h i c a l f e a t u r e s / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 5 " > 0 0 2 8 . ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? T h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h e T M T i s o p p o s e d b y s o m e l o c a l s p a r t l y b e c a u s e / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 6 " > 0 0 [ A ] i t m a y r i s k r u i n i n g t h e i r i n t e l l e c t u a l l i f e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 7 " > 0 0 [ B ] i t r e m i n d s t h e m o f a h u m i l i a t i n g h i s t o r y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 8 " > 0 0 [ C ] t h e i r c u l t u r e w i l l l o s e a c h a n c e o f r e v i v a l . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 9 " > 0 0 [ D ] t h e y f e a r l o s i n g c o n t r o l o f M a u n a K e a . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 0 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ B ] i t r e m i n d s t h e m o f a h u m i l i a t i n g h i s t o r y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 1 " > 0 0 2 9 . ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? I t c a n b e i n f e r r e d f r o m P a r a g r a p h 5 t h a t p r o g r e s s i n t o d a y ' s a s t r o n o m y / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 2 " > 0 0 [ A ] i s f u l f i l l i n g t h e d r e a m s o f a n c i e n t H a w a i i a n s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 3 " > 0 0 [ B ] h e l p s s p r e a d H a w a i i a n c u l t u r e a c r o s s t h e w o r l d . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 4 " > 0 0 [ C ] m a y u n c o v e r t h e o r i g i n o f H a w a i i a n c u l t u r e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 5 " > 0 0 [ D ] w i l l e v e n t u a l l y s o f t e n H a w a i i a n s ' h o s t i l i t y . / p > p b d s f i d = "1 8 6 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ C ] m a y u n c o v e r t h e o r i g i n o f H a w a i i a n c u l t u r e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 7 " > 0 0 3 0 . T h e a u t h o r ' s a t t i t u d e t o w a r d c h o o s i n g M a u n a K e a a s t h e T M T s i t e i s o n e o f / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 8 " > 0 0 [ A ] s e v e r e c r i t i c i s m . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 9 " > 0 0 [ B ] p a s s i v e a c c e p t a n c e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 0 " > 0 0 [ C ] s l i g h t h e s i t a n c y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 1 " > 0 0 [ D ] f u l l a p p r o v a l . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 92 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ D ] f u l l a p p r o v a l . 0 0 T e x t3 / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 3 " > 0 0 R o b e r t F . K e n n e d y o n c e s a i d t h a t a c o u n t r y ' s G D P m e a s u r e s " e v e r y t h i n g e x c e p t t h a t w h i c h m a k e s l i f e w o r t h w h i l e . " W i t h B r i t a i n v o t i n g t o l e a v e t h e E u r o p e a n U n i o n , a n d G D P a l r e a d y p r e d i c t e d t o s l o wa s a r e s u l t , i t i s n o w a t i m e l y m o m e n t t o a s s e s s w h a t h e w a s r e f e r r i n g t o . / p > pb d s f i d = " 1 9 4 " >0 0 T h e q u e s t i o n o f G D P a n d i t s u s e f u l n e s s h a s a n n o y e d p o l i c y m a k e r s f o r o v e r h a l f a c e n t u ry . M a n y a r g u e t h a t i t i s a f l a w e d c o n c e p t . I t m e a s u r e s t h i n g s t h a t d o n o t m a t t e r a n d m i s s e s t h i n g s t h a t d o . B y m o s t r e c e n t m e a s u r e s , t h e U K ' s G D P h a s b e e n t h e e n v y o f t h e W e s t e r n w o r l d , w i t h r e c o r d l o w u n e m p l o y m e n t a n d h i g h g r o w t h f i g u r e s . I f e v e r y t h i n g w a s g o i n g s o w e l l , t h e n w h y d i d o v e r 1 7 m i l l i o n p e o p l e v o t e f o r B r e x i t , d e s p i t e t h e w a r n i n g s a b o u t w h a t i t c o u l d d o t o t h e i r c o u n t r y ' s e c o n o m i c p r o s p e c t s ? / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 5 " > 0 0 A r e c e n t a n n u a l s t u d y o f c o u n t r i e s a n d t h e i r a b i l i t y t o c o n v e r t g r o w t h i n t o w e l l - b e i n g s h e d s s o m e l i g h t o n t h a t q u e s t i o n . A c r o s s t h e 1 6 3 c o u n t r i e s m e a s u r e d , t h e U K i s o n e o f t h e p o o r e s t p e r f o r m e r s i n e n s u r i n g t h a t e c o n o m i c g r o w t h i s t r a n s l a t e d i n t o m e a n i n g f u l i m p r o v e m e n t s f o r i t s c i t i z e n s . R a t h e r t h a n j u s t f o c u s i n g o n G D P , o v e r 4 0 d i f f e r e n t s e t s o f c r i t e r i a f r o m h e a l t h , e d u c a t i o n a n d c i v i l s o c i e t y e n g a g e m e n t h a v e b e e n m e a s u r e d t o g e t a m o r e r o u n d e d a s s e s s m e n t o f h o w c o u n t r i e s a r e p e r f o r m i n g . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 6 " > 0 0 W h i l e a l l o f t h e s e c o u n t r i e s f a c e t h e i r o w n c h a l l e n g e s , t h e r e a r e a n u m b e r o f c o n s i s t e n t t h e m e s . Y e s , t h e r e h a s b e e n a b u d d i n g e c o n o m i c r e c o v e r y s i n c e t h e 2 0 0 8 g l o b a l c r a s h , b u t i n k e y i n d i c a t o r s i n a r e a s s u c h a s h e a l t h a n d e d u c a t i o n , m a j o r e c o n o m i e s h a v e c o n t i n u e d t o d e c l i n e . Y e t t h i s i s n ' t t h e c a s e w i t h a l l c o u n t r i e s . S o m e r e l a t i v e l y p o o r E u r o p e a n c o u n t r i e s h a v e s e e n h u g e i m p r o v e m e n t s a c r o s s m e a s u r e s i n c l u d i n g c i v i l s o c i e t y , i n c o m e e q u a l i t y a n d t h e e n v i r o n m e n t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 7 " > 0 0 T h i s i s a l e s s o n t h a t r i c h c o u n t r i e s c a n l e a r n : W h e n G D P i s n o l o n g e r r e g a r d e d a s t h e s o l e m e a s u r e o f a c o u n t r y ' s s u c c e s s , t h e w o r l d l o o k s v e r y d i f f e r e n t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 8 " > 0 0 S o , w h a t K e n n e d y w a s r e f e r r i n g t o w a s t h a t w h i l e G D P h a s b e e n t h e m o s t c o m m o n m e t h o d f o r m e a s u r i n g t h e e c o n o m i c a c t i v i t y o f n a t i o n s , a s a m e a s u r e , i t i s n o l o n g e r e n o u g h . I t d o e s n o t i n c l u d e i m p o r t a n t f a c t o r s s u c h a s e n v i r o n m e n t a l q u a l i t y o r e d u c a t i o n o u t c o m e s - a l l t h i n g s t h a t c o n t r i b u t e t o a p e r s o n ' s s e n s e o f w e l l - b e i n g . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 9 " > 0 0 T h e s h a r p h i t t o g r o w t h p r e d i c t e d a r o u n d t h e w o r l d a n d i n t h e U K c o u l d l e a d t o a d e c l i n e i n t h e e v e r y d a y s e r v i c e s w e d e p e n d o n f o r o u r w e l l - b e i n g a n d f o r g r o w t h . B u t p o l i c y m a k e r s w h o r e f o c u s e f f o r t s o n i m p r o v i n g w e l l - b e i n g r a t h e r t h a n s i m p l y w o r r y i n g a b o u t G D P f i g u r e s c o u l d a v o i d t h e f o r e c a s t e d d o o m a n d m a y e v e n s e e p r o g r e s s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 0 " > 0 0 3 1 . R o b e r t F . K e n n e d y i s c i t e d b e c a u s e h e / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 1 " > 0 0 [ A ] p r a i s e d t h e U K f o r i t s G D P . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 2 " > 0 0 [ B ] i d e n t i f i e d G D P w i t h h a p p i n e s s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 3 " > 0 0 [ C ] m i s i n t e r p r e t e d t h e r o l e o f G D P . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 4 " > 0 0 [ D ] h a d a l o w o p i n i o n o f G D P . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 5 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ D ] h a d a l o w o p i n i o n o f G D P / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 6 " > 0 0 3 2 . I t c a n b e i n f e r r e d f r o m P a r a g r a p h 2 t h a t / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 7 " > 0 0 [ A ] t h e U K i s r e l u c t a n t t o r e m o l d i t s e c o n o m i c p a t t e r n . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 8 " > 0 0 [ B ] G D P a s t h e m e a s u r e o f s u c c e s s i s w i d e l y d e f i e d i n t h e U K . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 9 " > 0 0 [ C ] t h e U K w i l l c o n t r i b u t e l e s s t o t h e w o r l d e c o n o m y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 0 " > 0 0 [ D ] p o l i c y m a k e r s i n t h e U K a r e p a y i n g l e s s a t t e n t i o n t o G D P . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 1 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ B ] G D P a s t h e m e a s u r e o f s u c c e s s i s w i d e l y d e f i e d i n t h e U K . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 2 " > 0 0 3 3 . W h i c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g i s t r u e a b o u t t h e r e c e n t a n n u a l s t u d y ? / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 3 " > 0 0 [ A ] I t i s s p o n s o r e d b y 1 6 3 c o u n t r i e s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 4 " > 0 0 [ B ] I t e x c l u d e s G D P a s a n i n d i c a t o r . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 5 " > 0 0 [ C ] I t s c r i t e r i a a r e q u e s t i o n a b l e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 6 " > 0 0 [ D ] I t s r e s u l t s a r e e n l i g h t e n i n g . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 7 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ D ] I t s r e s u l t s a r e e n l i g h t e n i n g . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 8 " > 0 0 3 4 . I n t h e l a s t t w o p a r a g r a p h s , t h e a u t h o r s u g g e s t s t h a t / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 9 " > 0 0 [ A ] t h e U K i s p r e p a r i n g f o r a n e c o n o m i c b o o m . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 0 " > 0 0 [ B ] h i g h G D P f o r e s h a d o w s a n e c o n o m i c d e c l i n e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 1 " > 0 0 [ C ] i t i s e s s e n t i a l t o c o n s i d e r f a c t o r s b e y o n d G D P . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 2 " > 0 0 [ D ] i t r e q u i r e s c a u t i o n t o h a n d l e e c o n o m i c i s s u e s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 3 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ C ] i t i s e s s e n t i a l t o c o n s i d e r f a c t o r s b e y o n d G D P . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 4 " > 0 0 3 5 . W h i c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g i s t h e b e s t t i t l e f o r t h e t e x t ? / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 5 " > 0 0 [ A ] H i g h G D P B u t I n a d e q u a t e W e l l - b e i n g , a U K L e s s o n / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 6 " > 0 0 [ B ] G D P F i g u r e s , a W i n d o w o n G l o b a l E c o n o m i c H e a l t h / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 7 " > 0 0 [ C ] R e b o r t F . K e n n e d y , a T e r m i n a t o r o f G D P / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 8 " > 0 0 [ D ] B r e x i t , t h e U K ' s G a t e w a y t o W e l l - b e i n g / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 9 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ A ] H i g h G D P B u t I n a d e q u a t e W e l l - b e i n g , a U K L e s s o n / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 3 0 " > 0 0 T e x t 4 / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 3 1 " > 0 0 I n a r a r e u n a n i m o u s r u l i n g , t h e U S S u p r e m e C o u r t h a s o v e r t u r n e d t h e c o r r u p t i o n c o n v i c t i o n o f a f o r m e r V i r g i n i a g o v e r n o r , R o b e r t M c D o n n e l l . B u t i t d i d s o w h i l e h o l d i n g i t s n o s e a t t h e e t h i c s o f h i s c o n d u c t , w h i c h i n c l u d e d a c c e p t i n g g i f t s s u c h a s a R o le x w a t c h a n d a F e r r a r i a u t o m o b i l ef r o m a c o m p a n y s e e k i ng a c c e s s t o g o v e r n m e n t . / p > p b d sf i d = " 2 3 2 " > 0 0 T h e h igh c o u r t ' s d e ci s i o n s a i d t h ej u d g e i n M r . M c D o n n e l l ' s t r i a l f a i l e d t o t e l l a j u r y t h a t i t m u s t l o ok o nl y a t h i s " o f f i c i a l a c t s , " o r t h e f o rm e r g o v e rno r ' s d e c i s i o n s o n " sp e c i f i c " a n d " u n s e t t l e d " i s s u e s r e l a t e d t o h i s d u t i e s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 3 3 " > 0 0 M e r e l y h e l p i n g a g i f t - g i v e r g a i n a c c e s s t o o t h e r o f f i c i a l s , u n l e s s d o n e w i t h c l e a r i n t e n t t o p r e s s u r e t h o s e o f f i c i a l s , i s n o t c o r r u p t i o n , t h e j u s t i c e s f o u n d . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 3 4 " > 0 0 T h e c o u r t d i d s u g g e s t t h a t a c c e p t i n g f a v o r s i n r e t u r n f o r o p e n i n g d o o r s i s " d i s t a s t e f u l " a n d " n a s t y . " B u t u n d e r a n t i - b r i b e r y l a w s , p r o o f m u s t b e m a d e o f c o n c r e t e b e n e f i t s , s u c h a s a p p r o v a l o f a c o n t r a c t o r r e g u l a t i o n . S i m p l y a r r a n g i n g a m e e t i n g , m a k i n g a p h o n e c a l l , o r h o s t i n g a n e v e n t i s n o t a n " o f f i c i a l a c t " . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 3 5 " > 0 0 T h e c o u r t ' s r u l i n g i s l e g a l l y s o u n d i n d e f i n i n g a k i n do f f a v o r i t i s m t h a t i s n o t c r i m i n a l . E l e c t e d l e a d e r s m u s t b e a l l o w e d t o h e l p s u p p o r t e r s d e a l w i t h b u r e a u c r a t i c p r o b l e m s w i t h o u t f e a r o f p r o s e c u t i o n f o r b r i b e r y . " T h e b a s i c c o m p a c t u n d e r l y i n g r e p r e s e n t a t i v e g o v e r n m e n t , " w r o t e C h i e f J u s t i c e J o h n R o b e r t s f o r t h e c o u r t , " a s s u m e s t h a t p u b l i c o f f i c i a l s w i l l h e a r f r o m t h e i r c o n s t i t u e n t s a n d a c t o n t h e i r c o n c e r n s . " / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 3 6 " > 0 0 B u t t h e r u l i n g r e i n f o r c e s t h e n e e d f o r c i t i z e n s a n d t h e i r e l e c t e d r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s , n o t t h e c o u r t s , t o e n s u r e e q u a l i t y o f a c c e s s t o g o v e r n m e n t . O f f i c i a l s m u s t n o t b e a l l o w e d t o p l a y f a v o r i t e s i n p r o v i d i n g i n f o r m a t i o n o r i n a r r a n g i n g m e e t i n g s s i m p l y b e c a u s e a n i n d i v i d u a l o r g r o u p p r o v i d e s a c a m p a i g n d o n a t i o n o r a p e r s o n a l g i f t . T h i s t y p e o f i n t e g r i t y r e q u i r e s w e l l - e n f o r c e d l a w s i n g o v e r n m e n t t r a n s p a r e n c y , s u c h a s r e c o r d s o f o f f i c i a l m e e t i n g s , r u l e s o n l o b b y i n g , a n d i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t e a c h e l e c t e d l e a d e r ' s s o u r c e o f w e a l t h . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 3 7 " > 0 0 F a v o r i t i s m i n o f f i c i a l a c c e s s c a n f a n p u b l i c p e r c e p t i o n s o f c o r r u p t i o n . B u t i t i s n o t a l w a y s c o r r u p t i o n . R a t h e r o f f i c i a l s m u s t a v o i d d o u b l e s t a n d a r d s , o r d i f f e r e n t t y p e s o f a c c e s s f o r a v e r a g e p e o p l e a n d t h e w e a l t h y . I f c o n n e c t i o n s c a n b e b o u g h t , a b a s i c p r e m i s e o f d e m o c r a t i c s o c i e t y - t h a t a l l a r e e q u a l i n t r e a t m e n t b y g o v e r n m e n t - i s u n d e r m i n e d . G o o d g o v e r n a n c e r e s t s o n a n u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f t h e i n h e r e n t w o r t h o f e a c h i n d i v i d u a l . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 3 8 " > 0 0 T h e c o u r t ' s r u l i n g i s a s t e p f o r w a r d i n t h e s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t b o t h c o r r u p t i o n a n d o f f i c i a l f a v o r i t i s m . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 3 9 " > 0 0 3 6 . T h e u n d e r m i n e d s e n t e n c e ( P a r a . 1 ) m o s t p r o b a b l y s h o w s t h a t t h e c o u r t / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 4 0 " > 0 0 [ A ] a v o i d e d d e f i n i n g t h e e x t e n t o f M c D o n n e l l ' s d u t i e s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 4 1 " > 0 0 [ B ] m a d e n o c o m p r o m i s e i n c o n v i c t i n g M c D o n n e l l . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 4 2 " > 0 0 [ C ] w a s c o n t e m p t u o u s o f M c D o n n e l l ' s c o n d u c t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 4 3 " > 0 0 [ D ] r e f u s e d t o c o m m e n t o n M c D o n n e l l ' s e t h i c s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 4 4 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ C ] w a s c o n t e m p t u o u s o f M c D o n n e l l ' s c o n d u c t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 4 5 " > 0 0 3 7 . A c c o r d i n g t o P a r a g r a p h 4 , a n o f f i c i a l a c t i s d e e m e d c o r r u p t i v e o n l y i f i t i n v o l v e s / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 4 6 " > 00 [ A ] l e a k i n g s e c r e t s i n t e n t i o n a l l y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 4 7 " > 0 0 [ B ] s i z a b l e g a i n s i n t h e f o r m o f gi f t s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 4 8 " > 0 0 [ C ] c o n c r e t e r e t u r n s f o r g i f t - g i v e r s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 4 9 " > 0 0 [ D ] b r e a k i n g c o n t r a c t s o f f i c i a l l y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 5 0 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ C ] c o n c r e t e r e t u r n s f o r g i f t -g i v e r s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 5 1 " > 0 0 3 8 . T h e c o u r t ' s r u l i n g i s b a s e d o n t h e a s s u m p t i o n t h a t p u b l i c o f f i c i a l s a r e / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 5 2 " > 0 0 [ A ] j u s t i f i e d i n a d d r e s s i n g t h e n e e d s o f t h e i r c o n s t i t u e n t s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 5 3 " > 0 0 [ B ] q u a l i f i e d t o d e a l i n d e p e n d e n t l y w i t h b u r e a u c r a t i c i s s u e s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 5 4 " > 0 0 [ C ] a l l o w e d t o f o c u s o n t h e c o n c e r n s o f t h e i r s u p p o r t e r s . / p > p b d s f id = " 2 5 5 " > 0 0 [ D ]e x e m p tf r o m c o n v i c t i o n o n t h e c h a rg e o f f a v o r i t i s m . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 5 6 " > 00 0 T{ Hh 0 [ A ] j u s t i f i e d i n a d d r e s s i n g t h e n e e d s o f t h e i r c o n s t i t u e n t s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 5 7 " > 0 0 3 9 . W e l l - e n f o r c e d l a w s i n g o v e r n m e n t t r a n s p a r e n c y a r e n e e d e d t o / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 5 8 " > 0 0 [ A ] a w a k e n t h e c o n s c i e n c e o f o f f i c i a l s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 5 9 " > 0 0 [ B ] g u a r a n t e e f a i r p l a y i n o f fi c i a l a c c e s s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 6 0 " > 0 0 [ C ] a l l o w f o r c e r t a i n k i n d s o f l o b b y i n g . / p > p b d s f i d = " 26 1 " > 0 0 [ D ] i n s p i r e h o p e s i n a v e r a g e p e o p l e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 6 2 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ B ] g u a r a n t e e fa i r p l a y i n o f f i c i a l a c c e s s . / p > pb d s f i d = " 2 6 3 " > 0 0 4 0 . T h e a u t h o r ' s a t t i t u d e t o w a r d t h ec o u r t ' s r u l i n g i s / p > p bd s f i d = " 2 6 4 " > 0 0 [ A ] s a r c a s t i c . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 6 5 " > 0 0 [ B ] t o le r a n t . / p > p bd s f i d = " 2 6 6 " > 0 0 [ C ] s ke p t i c a l . / p > p b d sf i d = " 2 6 7 " > 0 0 [ D ] s u p p o r t i v e / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 6 8 " >0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ D ] s u p p o r t i v e 0 0 P a r t B / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 6 9 " > 0 0 D i r e c t i o n s : / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 7 0 " >0 0 T h e f o l l o w i n g p a r a g r a p h s a r e g i v e n i n a w r o n g o r d e r . F o r Q u e s t i o n s 4 1 - 4 5 , y o u a r e r e q ui r e d t o r e o r g a n i z e t h e s e p a r a g r a p h s i n t o a c o h e r e n t a r t i c l e b y c h o o s i n g f r o m t h e l i s t A - G t o f i l l i n g t h e m i n t o t h e n u m b e r e d b o x . P a r a g r a p h s B a n d D h a v e b e e n c o r r e c t l y p l a c e d . M a r k y o u r a n s w e r s o n A N S W E R S H E E T . ( 1 0 p o i n t s ) / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 7 1 " > 0 0 [ A ] T h e f i r s t p u b l i s h e d s k e t c h , " A D i n n e r a t P o p l a r W a l k " b r o u g h t t e a r s t o D i c k e n s ' s e y e s w h e n h e d i s c o v e r e d i t i n t h e p a g e s o f T h e M o n t h l y M a g a z i n e . F r o m t h e n o n h i s s k e t c h e s , w h i c h a p p e a r e d u n d e r t h e p e n n a m e " B o z " i n T h e E v e n i n g C h r o n i c l e , e a r n e d h i m a m o d e s t r e p u t a t i o n . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 7 2 " > 0 0 [ B ] T h e r u n a w a y s u c c e s s o f T h e P i c k w i c k P a p e r s , a s i t i s g e n e r a l l y k n o w n t o d a y , s e c u r e d D i c k e n s ' s f a m e . T h e r e w e r e P i c k w i c k c o a t s a n d P i c k w i c k c i g a r s , a n d t h e p l u m p , s p e c t a c l e d h e r o , S a m u e l P i c k w i c k , b e c a m e a n a t i o n a l f i g u r e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 7 3 " > 0 0 [ C ] S o o n a f t e r S k e t c h e s b y B o z a p p e a r e d , a p u b l i s h i n g f i r m a p p r o a c h e d D i c k e n s t o w r i t e a s t o r y i n m o n t h l y i n s t a l l m e n t s , a s a b a c k d r o p f o r a s e r i e s o f w o o d c u t s b y t h e t e n - f a m o u s a r t i s t R o b e r t S e y m o u r , w h o h a d o r i g i n a t e d t h e i d e a f o r t h e s t o r y . W i t h c h a r a c t e r i s t i c c o n f i d e n c e , D i c k e n s s u c c e s s f u l l y i n s i s t e d t h a t S e y m o u r ' s p i c t u r e s i l l u s t r a t e h i s o w n s t o r y i n s t e a d . A f t e r t h e f i r s t i n s t a l l m e n t , D i c k e n s w r o t e t o t h e a r t i s t a n d a s k e d h i m t o c o r r e c t a d r a w i n g D i c k e n s f e l t w a s n o t f a i t h f u l e n o u g h t o h i s p r o s e . S e y m o u r m a d e t h e c h a n g e , w e n t i n t o h i s b a c k y a r d , a n d e x p r e s s e d h i s d i s p l e a s u r e b y c o m m i t t i n g s u i c i d e . D i c k e n s a n d h i s p u b l i s h e r s s i m p l y p r e s s e d o n w i t h a n e w a r t i s t . T h e c o m i c n o v e l , T h e P o s t h u m o u s P a p e r s o f t h e P i c k w i c k C l u b , a p p e a r e d s e r i a l l y i n 1 8 3 6 a n d 1 8 3 7 , a n d w a s f i r s t p u b l i s h e d i n b o o k f o r m i n 1 8 3 7 . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 7 4 " > 0 0 [ D ] C h a r l e s D i c k e n s i s p r o b a b l y t h e b e s t - k n o w n a n d , t o m a n y p e o p l e , t h e g r e a t e s t E n g l i s h n o v e l i s t o f t h e 1 9 t h c e n t u r y . A m o r a l i s t , s a t i r i s t , a n d s o c i a l r e f o r m e r .D i c k e n s c r a f t e d c o m p l e x p l o t s a n d s t r i k i n g c h a r a c t e r s t h a t c a p t u r e t h e p a n o r a m a o fE n g l i。
《十七天搞定考研词汇单词》完整版
执行本计划的注意事项：
第一：读者可以根据自己的实际情况对上面的时间表作修改，不必泥古不化。不过请记住 一点，那就是复习弊背新词重要。如果时间实在安排不开，宁可不背新词，但是一定要完成复 习的任务。
第二：背新单词最好安排在早晨或是中午，以便在12小时猴的晚上作复习。在两天以上的 复习周期中，不必拘泥于复习单词的时间到底是在早晨还是在晚上。
第四：任何人背单词，肯定都存在一定比例的单词是他难记住的。背词者对于这些单词重 复的遍数一定要超过其他单词，请找个小本记录下来放在兜里，一有空就拿出来背一背。还有 一个比较好的方法是在书上背不下来的单词左边做个星号，每次复习时加以重点记忆，别的单 词背一遍，它背两遍作重点复习。而随着复习的遍数的增多，有一些单词旁边的星号会比较多， 三星以上的单词就一定时对于你来讲特别难背的单词了，更要收集起来反复的背。
考研英语二文都作文模板
考研英语二文都作文模板考研英语二作文模板。
一、图表作文。
1.描述图表。
The chart/ graph/ table/ diagram illustrates/ shows/ represents/ indicates that…。
2.图表分析。
From the chart/ graph/ table/ diagram, we can see that…。
3.原因分析。
The reasons for this phenomenon can be attributed to several factors. Firstly,…Secondly,… Lastly,…。
4.影响分析。
This trend/ phenomenon/ change will exert profound influences on… For one thing,… For another,…。
5.解决措施。
To tackle this issue, several measures should be taken. Firstly,… Secondly,…Lastly,…。
6.结论。
In conclusion, based on the analysis above, we can draw the conclusion that…。
二、观点对比类作文。
1.描述话题。
Nowadays, there is a growing concern over the issue of… Some people believe that…, while others argue that…。
2.第一个观点。
Those who support the idea of… argue that… For example,…。
3.第二个观点。
On the other hand, those who hold the opposite view maintain that… For instance,…。
考研英语第17套题
考研英语第17套题第十七套题Part ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1 07.8Last year ended with a bang in telecom. During the final three months, Cingular closed its $41 billion acquisition of A T&T Wireless, and Sprint announced a $35 billion mega-merger with Nextel Communications. At a time when interest in traditional telecom companies is as rare as rotary phones, mergers are a sign of the profound cha nges afoot. “These kinds of deals create enormous opportunities to rethink the whole telecom sector,” says Francis McInerney, managing director of consultant North River V entures LLC.By bulking up and bearing down, companies are sparking innovations that will transform communication. More and more, mobile phones will be used to exchange e-mail, music clips, and even video. Likewise, Internet technology will replace old-fashioned phone gear, ushering in an era of souped-up services. Consumers will get voice mail on their PCs and all-you-can-eat phone service for under $25 a month, while businesses hand out mobile phones to road warriors so they can receive calls and e-mail just as if they were in the office.The distinctions among industries will get fuzzy, too. In 2005, telecom giants V erizon Communications Inc. and SBC will pursue licenses to market cable TV. A T&T plans to market securitysoftware to corporate customers. Comcast and other cable players are barreling into residential phone markets, and even sports power ESPN expects to unveil hip mobile phone offerings.Competition in those markets will grow even keener. Comcast Corp. is leading a consortium of cable operators that is exploring ways to break into wireless services. There’s a strategic reason for the move: The cable companies are offering home phone service with Internet protocol technology, but without a mobile offering, they lack an essential element of the telecom bundle. The cable companies are trying to work out a partnership with Sprint Nextel or possibly T-Mobile USA to sell consumers a dual-mode phone that would handle their IP calling service inside the house and switch to cellular systems outside. A T&T will unveil a similar service this year.The scrum may spark more consolidation. Cable companies could consider acquiring a wireless company if the partnership approach fails. While SBC and BellSouth Corp. are focused on helping combine A T&T Wireless with Cingular, which SBC and BellSouth co-own, SBC might not be finished. CEO Edward E. Whitacre Jr. has made no secret of his desire to own Cingular outright. “Of course I wish I owned it all,”he told BusinessWeek in October. That could happen by his buyin g BellSouth’s stake in Cingular or buying BellSouth itself. BellSouth says it’s not interested in being acquired and doubts that regulators would approve such a deal anyway.The battle among providers means lower prices, too. Consider the impact of tiny V onage Holdings Corp. By deploying voice over Internet protocol to offer inexpensive phone service, V onage, unknown a year ago, is now the fastest-growing U.S. phone company. But V onage has competition from someunlikely quarters. A T&T has embarked on a price war with the upstart, resulting in each lowering prices a couple of times in 2004 before bottoming out at less than $25 a month. ［530 words］1. “A bang in telecom” in the first paragraph refers to .［A］worries rise over mergers in the telecom industry［B］monopolies held by telecom companies［C］significant changes with telecom consolidations［D］fierce competition in the telecom sector2. According to the text, innovations in the telecom industry will .［A］enable telephone users to get a variety of free services ［B］stop the battle between communication companies［C］bring about a combination of communication technologies［D］lead to a decline in the number of telecom companies3. Which of the following is true according to the passage?［A］Comcast is interested in entering the cable TV business.［B］A T&T is planning to provide a dual-mode phone service.［C］SBC is selling some part of its stake to Cingular.［D］BellSouth is going to be acquired soon.4. What is likely to happen in the future telecom sector?［A］Mobile devices may become the primary tool for play.［B］T elecom services are growing ever more advanced.［C］Wireless subscribers will surpass cable subscribers.［D］The price of communications services is expected to climb.5. The word “upstart” (Line 4, P aragraph 6) most probably means someone who.［A］has suddenly risen to a higher economic or social status［B］lacks the skills appropriate for a new and high position ［C］has not gained acceptance of others in the field［D］has competed by using improper actionsText 2 06.8Pressure is mounting on Ahold’s embattled supervisory board following the Dutch grocery group’s decision to pay its new chief executive more than C= 10m to lead its recovery from a ruining accounting scandal.Anders Moberg’s pay package—and the timing of its disclosure at a shareholder meeting last week—has confronted Ahold with a new credibility crisis as it struggles to restore confidence after the C=970m ( $1 bn) scandal.The dispute-evident in a sea of critical media comment in the Netherlands at the weekend threatens to divert management from its recovery strategy, built on significant divestments and a likely rights issue to reduce C=11bn in net debt. Units deemed unable to attain first or second position in food retail within three to five years will immediately be put up for sale.The board’s position appears all the more delicate following comments made by Mr. Moberg to the Financial Times, in which he criticized non-executive directors for ignoring his advice to disclose his salary in May, when he agreed his contract.Instead Ahold waited more than four months to make the announcement, on the day share-holders were asked to approve Mr. Moberg’s appointment.“I was the one who said I liked transparency, and I had hoped ［the supervisory board］had shown ［the salary package］in May to avoid a situation like this,”Mr. Moberg toldthe FT. As the row prompted the left-leaning Dutch Daily to call for a boycott of Ahold’s Dutch AlbertHeijn supermarket chain where only last week Ahold announced 440 redundancies—it was clear the supervisory board had badly misjudged the reaction.While Henny de Ruiter, supervisory board chairman, said the salary was a fair reflection of what a company in Ahold’s unfavorable circumstances had to pay to attract a top manager,furious investors accused it of pushing through the package regardless of investor opinion. Furthermore, Dutch media commentators noted that the scandal at Ahold had been the trigger for the Dutch government to appoint a commission to strengthen corporate governance.That commission has recommended a limit on executive bonuses, far below the potential two-and-a-half times annual salary that Mr. Moberg could earn.Meanwhile, Mr. Moberg is trying to distance himself from the row and focus on strategy. He told the FT that measures had already been taken to raise its stake in the ICA-Ahold joint venture in Scandinavia.Ahold had included in its forecasts an amount necessary to buy the shares of either of its joint venture partners, who should exercise a “put option”and sell their stake from April 2004.［451 words］6.The decision on Anders Moberg’s pay package has.［A］incurred much criticism from the shareholders［B］helped restore public confidence in Ahold［C］saved the supervisory board from another crisis［D］put pressure on the new chief executive7.The recovery strategy by Ahold’s management includes.［A］avoiding the next accounting scandal［B］diverting investment to other fields［C］issuing rights to more retailers［D］selling the retailers with poor performance8.Anders Moberg thought that if his salary had been announced earlier,.［A］the board’s position would have become less difficult ［B］he would have agreed to the contract with Ahold［C］more time could have been devoted to his recovery plan［D］the shareho lders wouldn’t have strongly opposed9.Before the scandal at Ahold, the executive bonuses in Dutch companies.［A］were higher than what Moberg earned［B］were regulated by a commission［C］were not monitored by the government［D］were not set by corporate manage ment 10.According to Moberg’s recovery strategy, Ahold will.［A］sell its stake to other joint venture companies［B］buy shares of its Scandinavian partners［C］choose to put money in its chain shops in Scandinavia ［D］exercise its potential influence on partnersText 3 07.6剩余At the start of the year, The Independent on Sunday argued that there were three over-whelming reasons why Iraq should not be invaded: there was no proof that Saddam posed an imminent threat; Iraq would be even more unstable as a result of its liberation; and a conflict would increase the threat posed by terrorists. What we did not know was that Tony Blair had received intelligence and advice that raised the very same points.Last week’s report from the Intelligence and Security Committee included the revelationthat some of the intelligence had warned that a war against Iraq risked an increased threat of terrorism. Why did Mr. Blair not make this evidence available to the public in the way that so much of the alarmist intelligence on Sadda m’s weapons was published? Why did he choose to ignore the intelligence and argue instead that the war was necessary, precisely because of the threat posed by international terrorism?There have been two parliamentary investigations into this war and the Hutton inquiry reopens tomorrow. In their different ways they have been illuminating, but none of them has addressed the main issues relating to the war. The Foreign Affairs Committee had the scope to range widely, but chose to become entangled in the dispute between the Government and the BBC. The Intelligence Committee reached the conclusion that the Government’s file on Saddam’s weapons was not mixed up, but failed to explain why the intelligence was so hopelessly wrong. The Hutton inquiry is investigating the death of Dr. David Kelly, a personal tragedy of marginal relevance to the war against Iraq.Tony Blair has still to come under close examination about his conduct in the building-up to war. Instead, the Defence Secretary, Geoff Hoon, is being fingered as if he were master-minding the war behind everyone’s backs from the Ministry of Defence. Mr. Hoon is not a minister who dares to think without consulting Downing Street first. At all times he would have been dancing to Downing Street’s tu nes. Mr. Blair would be wrong to assume that he can draw a line under all of this by making Mr. Hoon the fall-guy. It was Mr. Blair who decided to take Britain towar, and a Cabinet of largely skeptical ministers that backed him. It was Mr. Blair who told MPs that unless Saddam was removed, terrorists would pose a greater global threat—even though he had received intelligence that suggested a war would lead to an increase in terrorism.Parliament should be the forum in which the Prime Minister is called mor e fully to account, but Iain Duncan Smith’s support for the war has neutered an already inept opposition. In the absence of proper parliamentary scrutiny, it is left to newspapers like this one to keep asking the most important questions until the Prime Minister answers them.［486 words］11. We learn from the first two paragraphs that.［A］the evidence should have been made available to the Parliament［B］the necessity of war has been exaggerated by the Committee［C］Blair had purposely ignored some of the intelligence he received［D］it was The Independent that first revealed the intelligence12. The author thinks that the Hutton enquiry is.［A］also beside the mark［B］hopelessly wrong［C］illuminating in its way［D］wide in scope13. By “chose to become entangled” (Line 4,Paragraph 3), the author implies that.［A］the dispute between the Government and the BBC was unnecessary［B］the Foreign Affairs Committee had mixed up the argument［C］it was entirely wrong to carry out such investigations［D］the Intelligence Committ ee shouldn’t mix up with the affair14. It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that.［A］most ministers were suspicious of Hoon’s conduct［B］Hoon will not do anything without consulting Blair［C］Blair should not divert his responsibility to his Cabinet ［D］MPs think that it is Blair who drags the country into the war15. What is the author’s attitude towards the Parliament?［A］Indignant.［B］Skeptical.［C］Inquisitive.［D］Critical.Text 4 07.8The thousands of oval lakes that dot Alaska’s North Slope are some of the fastest-growing lakes on the planet. Ranging in size from puddles to more than 15 miles in length, the lakes have expanded at rates up to 15 feet per year, year in and year out for thousands of years. The lakes are shaped like elongated eggs with the skinny ends pointing northwest.How the lakes grow so fast, why they’re oriented in the same direction and what gives them their odd shape have puzzled geologists for decades. The field of lakes covers an area twice the size of Massachusetts, and the lakes are unusual enough to have their own name: oriented thaw lakes. “Lakes come in all sizes and shapes, but they’re rarely oriented in the same direction,”said Jon Pelletier, an assistant professor of geosciences at The University of Arizona in Tucson.Now Pelletier has proposed a new explanation for the orientation, shape and speed of growth of oriented thaw lakes. The lakes’unusual characteristics result from seasonal slumping of the banks when the permafrost thaws abruptly, he said. The lakes grow when rapid war ming melts a lake’s frozen bank, andthe soggy soil loses its strength and slides into the water. Such lakes are found in the permafrost zone in Alaska, northern Canada and northern Russia.Previous explanations for the water bodies’shape and orientation invoked wind-driven lake circulation and erosion by waves. On Alaska’s North Slope, the prevailing winds blow perpendicular to the long axis of the lakes. According to the traditional explanation, such winds set up currents within the lakes that erode the b anks, particularly at the lakes’ ends. Such currents would erode coarse-grained, sandy soils faster than fine-grained clay soils.According to Pelletier, one key ingredient for oriented thaw lakes is permafrost—the special mixture of soil and ice that forms the surface of the land in the Far North. On the north coast of Alaska and at similar latitudes throughout the world, the top, or active, layer of the permafrost melts at some point in the summer and refreezes again in the fall.If the temperature warms gradually, the ice portion of the permafrost melts slowly, allowing the water to drain out of the soil and leave relatively firm sand or sediment behind. However, if an early heat wave melts the permafrost’s ice rapidly, the result is a soggy, unstable soil. When such rapidly thawed permafrost is part of the vertical bank of a lake, the bank slumps into the water, enlarging the lake. More of the bank collapses if the soil is fine-grained, rather than sandy. Another ingredient in Pelletier’s explanation is a long, gentle slope. Because Alaska’s oriented lakes are embedded in a gently sloping landscape, the downhill end of a lake always has a shorter bank. According to Pelletier’s computer model, shorter banks melt more and have bigger slumps. Therefore when the lake experiences thawslumping, Pelletier’s model says the lake grows more in the downhill direction than it does uphill, generating the lakes’ characteristic elongated-egg shape.［527 words］16. The most mysterious part about Alaska’s lakes is .［A］their fast-growing speed［B］their variety in size［C］their elongated-egg shape［D］their uniform orientation17. The word “thaw” (Line 3, Paragraph 2) most probably means .［A］melting［B］erosion［C］freezing［D］growing18. According to Pelletier, the driving force behind the formation of Alaska’s lakes is.［A］the prevailing winds［B］heat wave［C］fine-grained soil［D］permafrost19. Which of the following statement will support Pelletier’s theory?［A］More big lakes occurred on coarse-grained, sandy soils.［B］The lakes are oriented perpendicular to the wind.［C］Larger lakes generally have lower banks.［D］The lakes have indeed grown more in the uphill direction.20. Which of the following is true according to the text?［A］Alaska’s lakes have unique names because of their coverage.［B］Pelletier used a computer model to describe the formation of lakes.［C］Traditional explanations focus on why the lakes grow fast.［D］The permafrost zone in Alaska melts in the fall.Part B 06.5Directions:In the following artic le, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 21-25, choose the most suitable one from the list A-F to fit into each of the numbered blank. There is one extra choice that does not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) As more and more material from other cultures became available, European scholars came to recognize even greater complexity in mythological traditions. Especially valuable was the evidence provided by ancient Indian and Iranian texts such as the Bhagavad-Gita and the Zend-A vesta. From these sources it became apparent that the character of myths varied widely, not only by geographical region but also by historical period.（21）He argued that the relatively simple Greek myth of Persephone reflects the concerns of a basic agricultural community, whereas the more involved and complex myths found later in Homer are the product of a more developed society.Scholars also attempted to tie various myths of the world together in some way. From the late 18th century through the early 19th century, the comparative study of languages had led to the reconstruction of a hypothetical parent language to account for striking similarities among the various languages of Europe and the Near East. These languages, scholars concluded, belonged to an Indo-European language family. Experts on mythology likewise searched for a parent mythology that presumably stood behind the mythologies of all the European peoples.（22）For example, an expression like “maiden dawn” for“sunrise” resulted first in personification of the dawn, and then in myths about her.Later in the 19th century the theory of evolution put forward by English naturalist Charles Darwin heavily influenced the study of mythology. Scholars researched on the history of mythology, much as they would dig fossil-bearing geological formations, for remains from the distant past.（23）Similarly, British anthropologist Sir James George Frazer proposed a three-stage evolutionary scheme in The Golden Bough. According to Frazer’s scheme, human b eings first attributed natural phenomena to arbitrary supernatural forces (magic), later explaining them as the will of the gods (religion), and finally subjecting them to rational investigation (science).The research of British scholar William Robertson Smith, published in Lectures on the Religion of the Semites (1889), also influenced Frazer. Through Smith’s work, Frazer came to believe that many myths had their origin in the ritual practices of ancient agricultural peoples, for whom the annual cycles of vegetation were of central importance.（24）This approach reached its most extreme form in the so-called functionalism of British anthropologist A. R. Radcliffe-Brown, who held that every myth implies a ritual, and every ritual implies a myth.Most analyses of myths in the 18th and 19th centuries showed a tendency to reduce myths to some essential core—whether the seasonal cycles of nature, historical circumstances, or ritual. That core supposedly remained once the fanciful elements of the narratives had been stripped away. In the 20thcentury, investigators began to pay closer attention to the content of the narratives themselves.（25）［473 words］\[A\] German-born British scholar Max Müller concluded that the Rig-V eda of ancient India-the oldest preserved body of literature written in an Indo-European language-reflected the earliest stages of an Indo-European mythology. M ller attr ibuted all later myths to misunderstandings that arose from the picturesque terms in which early peoples described natural phenomena.\[B\] The myth and ritual theory, as this approach came to be called, was developed most fully by British scholar Jane Ellen Harrison. Using insight gained from the work of French sociologist Emile Durkheim, Harrison argued that all myths have their origin in collective rituals of a society. \[C\] Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud held that myths—like dreams—condense the material of experience and represent it in symbols.\[D\] This approach can be seen in the work of British anthropologist Edward Burnett Tylor. In Primitive Culture (1871), Tylor organized the religious and philosophical development of humanity into separate and distinct evolutionary stages.\[E\] The studies made in this period were consolidated in the work of German scholar Christian Gottolob Heyne, who was the first scholar to use the Latin term myths (instead of fibula, meaning z“fable”) to refer to the tales of heroes and gods.\[F\] German scholar Karl Otfried M ller followed this line of inquiry in his Prolegomena to a Scientific Mythology, 1825).Part C 07.8Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate theunderlined segments into Chinese. Y our translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)(26)Medicine today focuses primarily on drugs and surgery, genes and germs, microbes and molecules, yet love and intimacy are at the root of what makes us sick and what makes us well. If a new medication had the same impact, failure to prescribe it would be malpractice. Connections with other people affect not only the quality of our lives but also our survival. Study after study find that people who feel lonely are many times more likely to get cardiovascular disease than those who have a strong sense of connection and community. (27)And there is no other factor in medicine—not diet ,not smoking, not exercise, not genetics, not drugs, not surgery—that has a greater impact on our quality of life, incidence of illness and premature death.In part, this is because people who are lonely are more likely to engage in self-destructive behaviors. Getting through the day becomes more important than living a long life when you have no one else to live for. As one patient told me, “I’ve got 20 friends in this pack of cigarettes. They’re always there for me. Y ou want to take away my 20 friends? What are you going to give me instead?”Other patients take refuge in food, alcohol or drugs: “When I feel lonely, I eat a lot of fat—it coats my nerves and n umbs the pain.” But loneliness is not just a barrier to fitness; even when you eat right, exercise and avoid smoking, it increases your risk of early death.(28)Fortunately, love protects your heart in ways that we don’t completely understand. In one study at Y ale, men and women who felt the most loved and supported had substantially less blockage in their coronary arteries. Similarly, researchers from Case Western Reserve University studied al most 10,000married men and found that those who answered “yes” to this simple question—“Does your wife show you her love?”—had significantly less chest pain. In both studies, the protective effects of love were independent of other risk factors.A wareness is the first step in healing. When we understand the connection between how we live and how long we live, it’s easier to make different choices. (29)Instead of viewing the time we spend with friends and family as luxuries, we can see that these relationships are among the most powerful determinants of our well-being and survival. We are hard-wired to help each other. Science is documenting the healing values of love, intimacy, community, compassion, forgiveness, altruism and service—values that are part of almost all spiritual traditions as well as many secular ones. (30)Seen in this context, being unselfish may be the most self-serving approach to life, for it helps free both the giver and recipient from suffering, disease and premature death. Rediscovering the wisdom of love and compassion may help us survive at a time when an increasingly balkanized world so badly needs it.［491 words］答案1.C2.C3.B4.B5.A6.A7.D8.A9.C10.B11.C12.A13.A14.B15.D16.D17.A18.B19.C20.A21.F22.A23.D24.B25.C26.如今，医学主要致力于药物与手术治疗，基因与病菌以及微生物与分子的研究，然而，在所有决定我们健康与否的因素中，是否拥有关爱与亲密关系才是最为根本的。
河北省石家庄市二中2021学年高二上寒假英语(第17天)作业 含答案
英语作业第17天I. 记忆M7 Unit 2词汇II. 看汉语写单词和短语1. 陪伴；伴奏v. _______________2. 服从；顺从v. _______________3. 喜爱，恩惠n. 喜爱；偏袒v. __________4. 渴望n. 希望得到v. ________5. 宣布；声明；宣称v. _______________6. 同情（心）n. _______________7. 天才；特殊能力；才干n. _______________8. 全体员工；手杖n. ___________9. 较年幼的；资历较浅的adj. _______________ 10. 使警觉v. 警报n. __________ 11. 满意；满足n. _______________ 12. 离婚v. & n. _______________ 13. 收件人；接收机；电话听筒n. __________ 14. 事务；暧昧关系n. __________ 15. 优雅的；高雅的adj. _______________ 16. 荒谬的；可笑的adj. ________ 17. 细看；浏览v. _______________ 18. 嫉妒；羡慕v. ______________ 19. 评价；评定n. _______________ 20. 可怕的；糟糕的adj. ________ 21. 一定做……_______________22. 给……打电话___________ 23. 将……放在一边_______________ 24. 转身；翻转______________ 25. 不管；让……一个人待着_______________III. 词汇匹配A1. n. 额外津贴；红利2. adj. 理论的；假设的3. adj. 数字的；数码的4. n. 海军；海军部队5. n. 喜爱；感情6. n. 项链7. n. 烹饪；菜肴8. adj. 神的；上帝的9. n. 思想；思考10. n. 手指甲11. adv. 在一边；向一边12. adj. 豪华的；雄伟的13. n. 传记；传记文学14. adj. 超重的15. n. 发型；理发necklace ______ biography ______ thinking ______bonus ______ cuisine ______ aside ______digital ______ fingernail ______ affection ______haircut ______ theoretical ______ holy ______navy ______ grand ______ overweight ______B1. n. 售货员；旅馆接待员2. adj. 家庭的；家用的3. n. 章；篇；回4. adj. 字母的；按字母顺序的5. n. 生物化学6. v. 不服从；违抗7. v. 堆起；积聚8. n. 柜台；计数器9. n. 框架；结构10. adj. 担心的；害怕的11. n. 软垫；靠垫12. adj. 兼职的13. 小说；虚构或想象出来的事 14. n. 帝国15. n. 围裙pile ______ part-time ______ apron ______cushion ______ counter ______ clerk ______empire ______ chapter ______ householdbiochemistry ______ alarmed ______ disobey ______framework ______ alphabetical ______ fiction ______IV. 七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
文都考研英语作文模板
文都考研英语作文模板Introduction:[Background Information]In the competitive landscape of postgraduate entrance exams, the English essay component is a critical aspect that can significantly influence your overall score. A well-structured essay not only demonstrates your language proficiency but also your ability to articulate complex ideas clearly and coherently.[Importance of a Template]Using a template can streamline your essay writing process, ensuring that you maintain a logical flow and address all parts of the prompt effectively. Below is a versatile template that can be adapted to various essay types,including argumentative, narrative, and expository essays.Body Paragraph Structure:1. Topic Sentence- Begin each paragraph with a clear and concise topic sentence that outlines the main idea you will discuss.2. Supporting Ideas- Following the topic sentence, present two to three supporting points that reinforce your main idea. These can be facts, examples, or logical reasoning.3. Explanation and Analysis- For each supporting point, provide an explanation or analysis that connects your point to the broader argument of your essay.4. Concluding Sentence- End the paragraph with a concluding sentence that summarizes the points made and transitions smoothly to the next paragraph.Example Body Paragraph:Topic Sentence: "Education is a fundamental right that should be accessible to all children, regardless of their socioeconomic background."Supporting Ideas:- "Firstly, education empowers individuals to make informed decisions and contributes to personal growth."- "Secondly, it is a key factor in breaking the cycle of poverty by providing individuals with the skills necessaryfor better job opportunities."Explanation and Analysis:- "By providing equal access to education, society can ensure that all individuals have the chance to reach their full potential, leading to a more equitable and prosperous society."Concluding Sentence:- "Therefore, it is imperative that governments and communities work together to remove barriers to education and promote inclusive learning environments."Conclusion:[Restate Your Thesis]Reiterate the main argument of your essay in a new and insightful way.[Summarize Main Points]Briefly summarize the key points you have made in your body paragraphs.[Final Thoughts]End with a call to action, a question for reflection, or a closing statement that leaves a lasting impression on the reader.Example Conclusion:"In conclusion, the importance of education as a catalyst for social and economic development cannot be overstated. By ensuring that every child has access to quality education, we can empower future generations to build a more just and prosperous world. It is our collective responsibility to advocate for and support policies that make this vision a reality."Remember, the key to a successful essay is not only in following a template but also in personalizing it to fit the specific prompt and your unique voice. Practice with various topics to refine your essay writing skills and prepare for the rigors of the postgraduate entrance exams.。
考研英语阅读unit-17
Unit 17All things are difficult before they are easy.万事开头难。
P art ADirections：Read the following texts. Answer the questions blow each text by choosing [A],[B],[C] or [D].Text 1The United States Interstate Highway System is an infrastructure feat of unprecedented proportions. Not only does it join all fifty states in the union together allowing for rapid transport of goods and people, but it also has legitimate claim to the title of the largest public worker program in history. The project was motivated by both military and economic goals. Interest in the project existed since the early 1940s, but was delayed by the outbreak of World War II, followed by the postwar recovery. Although approved by Congress in 1944, the building did not actually begin until 1956.The postwar prosperity in America accentuated the need for such a massive infrastructure project. After America’s success in World War II and recovery of its economy from the Great Depression, the population’s disposable income soared, allowing most families to purchase automobiles, previously thought of as luxury items. With the sudden boom of cars, a more efficient road on which to travel was desperately needed, and the interstate highway system provided that, allowing travelers to safely and reliably visit other states or destinations closer to home.The same surge in car ownership that created the need for the interstate highway system also provided the means by which to pay for the project. A new tax on gasoline provided 90 percent of the funding for the project, and state taxes covered the remaining 10 percent. With the new highway system in place, not only could travelers visit previously unfeasible destinations on their holidays and vacations, but businesses could transport their products to markets in other states, increasing competition across the country, to the benefit of consumers and product quality alike.The military had a keen eye on the system as well. Troop transport was now possible to all corners of America in a rapid and efficient manner, and the long stretches of straight highways instantly provided runways for military aircraft in times of emergency. The country, linked together by a network, of roads that greatly reduced travel time, could now more efficiently be defended.In the last forty years alone, 17 trillion miles have been traveled on the US Interstate Highway System. Those miles can be equated to three trips around the world for every American, a trip tothe moon for 75 million people, or three light years in space. No matter what figure is used, the numbers are stunning. The interstate highway has gotten and continues to get people where they need to go in America, and at a fraction of the time it would otherwise take.1. The outbreak of World War II[A] wasted precious time by delaying the Interstate Highway project.[B] had a positive impact by contributing to the means by which the Interstate Highway System was built.[C] delayed the start of the project but resulted in more money by which to fund it.[D] spurred the military to throw their support in favor of the Interstate Highway project.2. The US Interstate Highway System was built mainly[A] to respond to urgent needs that had arisen.[B] in order to better defend a country in a time of war.[C] with economic and businesses in mind.[D] from state taxpayer dollars.3. What can we infer from the Paragraph 3?[A] The tax on gasoline was the most efficient way by which to fund the building of the interstate highway system.[B] The interstate highway system was an immense financial burden that required huge amounts of resources to complete.[C] Without the postwar surge in car ownership, funding for the interstate highway system would have been insufficient.[D] Those who stood to benefit most from the interstate highway system provided the majority of the funding for its construction.4. By “Those miles…in space”(Line 2-3, Para.5), the author intends to[A] stress the effects of the interstate highway system that continue to this day.[B] highlight the incredible distances that have been traveled on the interstate highway system.[C] state the distances traveled on the interstate highway system in more comparable terms.[D] make a final statement attesting to the greatness of the interstate highway system.5. The author views the United States Interstate Highway System with[A] whole-hearted approval.[B] a judgment of the good outweighing the bad.[C] positive feelings on its economic impact.[D] critical support.Text 2The word science is heard so often in modern times that almost everybody has some notion of its meaning. On the other hand, its definition is difficult for many people. The meaning of the term is confused, but everyone should understand its meaning and objectives. Just to make the explanation as simple as possible, suppose science is defined as classified knowledge (facts).Even in the true sciences distinguishing fact from fiction is not always easy. For this reason great care should be taken to distinguish between beliefs and truths. There is no danger as long as a clear difference is made between temporary and proved explanations. For example, hypotheses and theories are attempts to explain natural phenomena. From these positions the scientistcontinues to experiment and observe until they are proved or discredited. The exact status of any explanation should be clearly labeled to avoid confusion.The objectives of science are primarily the discovery and the subsequent understanding of the unknown. Man cannot be satisfied with recognizing that secrets exist in nature or that questions are unanswerable; he must solve them. Toward that end specialists in the field of biology and related fields of interest are directing much of their time and energy.Actually, two basic approaches lead to the discovery of new information. One, aimed at satisfying curiosity, is referred to as pure science. The other is aimed at using knowledge for specific purposes—for instance, improving health, raising standards of living, or creating new consumer products. In this case knowledge is put to economic use. Such an approach is referred to as applied science.Sometimes practical-minded people miss the point of pure science in thinking only of its immediate application for economic rewards. Chemists responsible for many of the discoveries could hardly have anticipated that their findings would one day result in applications of such a practical nature as those directly related to life and death. The discoveries of one bit of information opens the door to the discovery of another. Some discoveries seem so simple that one is amazed they were not made years ago; however, one should remember that the construction of the microscope had to precede the discovery of the cell. The hosts of scientists dedicating their lives to pure science are not apologetic about ignoring the practical side of their discoveries; they know from experience that most knowledge is eventually applied.6. We may simply define science as[A] the study of unrelated subjects.[B] an attempt to explain natural phenomena.[C] the study of related fields.[D] labelled knowledge.7. A scientist interested in adding to our general knowledge about oxygen would probably call his approach[A] applied science.[B] agriculture science.[C] pure science.[D] environmental science.18. Pure science, leading to the construction of a microscope,[A] may lead to antiscientific, “impure” results.[B] necessarily precedes applied science, leading to the discovery of a cell.[C] is not always as pure as we suppose.[D] necessarily results from applied science and the discovery of a cell.9. On which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?[A] Scientists engaged in theoretical research should not be blamed for ignoring the practical side of their discoveries.[B] Today few people have any notions of the meaning of science.[C] In science, it is not difficult to distinguish fact from fiction.[D] Practical-minded people can understand the meaning and objectives of pure science.10. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] The Nature of Science and Scientists[B] Biology and the Science and Scientist[C] Hypotheses and Theories[D] On Distinguishing Fact from FictionText 3Great emotional and intellectual resources are demanded in quarrels; stamina helps, as does a capacity for obsession. But no one is born a good quarreler, the craft must be learned.There are two generally recognized apprenticeships. First, and universally preferred, is a long childhood spent in the company of fractious siblings. After several years of rainy afternoon, brothers and sisters develop a sure feel for the tactics of attrition and the niceties of strategy so necessary in first-rate quarreling.The only child, or the child of peaceful or repressed households, is likely to grow up failing to understand that quarrels, unlike arguments, are not about anything, least of all the pursuit of truth. The apparent subject of a quarrel is a mere pretext; the real business is the quarrel itself.Essentially, adversaries in a quarrel are out to establish or rescue their dignity; hence the elementary principle: anything may be said.The unschooled, may spend an hour with knocking heart, sifting the consequences of calling this old acquaintance a lying fraud.Those who miss their first apprenticeship may care to enroll in the second, the bad marriage, This can be perilous for the neophyte; the mutual intimacy of spouses makes them at once more vulnerable and more dangerous in attack. Once sex is involved, the stakes are higher all round. And there is an unspoken rule that those who love, or have loved, one another are granted a license for unlimited beastliness as is denied to mere sworn enemies.For all that some of our most tenacious black belt quarrelers have come to it late in life and mastered every throw.A quarrel may last years. Among brooding types with time on their hands, like writers, half a lifetime is not uncommon. In its most refined form, a quarrel may consist of the participants not talking to each other. They will need to scheme laboriously to appear in public together to register their silence.Brief, violent quarrels are also known as rows. In all cases the essential ingredient remains the same; the original cause must be forgotten as soon as possible. From here on, dignity, pride, self-esteem, honor are quarrelling, like jealousy, is an ail-consuming business, virtually a profession. For the quarreler’s very self hood is on the line. To lose an argument is a brief disappointment, much like losing a game of tennis; but to be crushed in a quarrel, rather bite off your tongue and spread it at your opponent’s feet.11. The expression“rainy afternoon”(Line 3，Para.2) implies a time when[A] brothers and sisters had to play at home.[B] brothers and sisters felt depressed.[C] family members need money.[D] it is raining in the afternoon.12. The difference between a quarrel and an argument is[A] the former involves individual pride.[B] the former concerns strong points of view.[C] the latter has well-established rules.[D] the latter concerns trivial issues.13. During the quarrel, either among children or between spouses[A] brutality is apparent.[B] politeness is used as a weapon.[C] skillful tactics are employed.[D] feeling is exaggerated.14. The word “register”(Line 5，Pra.6) means[A] show. [B] enroll. [C] conceal. [D] reconcile.15. What does the passage mainly talk about?[A] The reason why quarrel is bitter.[B] How to mind your words while arguing.[C] The characteristics of a quarrel.[D] How to make a good quarrel.Text 4After their 20-year-old son hanged himself during his winter break from the University of Arizona five years ago, Donna and Phil Satow wondered what signs they had overlooked, and started asking other students for answers.What grew from this soul searching was Ulifeline (www. ulifeline, org), a website where students can get answers to questions about depression by logging on through their universities. The site has been adopted as a resource by over 120 colleges, which can customize it with local information, and over 1.3 million students have logged on with their college IDs.“It’s a very solid website that raises awareness of suicide, de-stigmatizes mental illness and encourages people to seek the help they need,” said Paul Grayson, the director of counseling services at New York University, which started using the service nearly a year ago.The main component of the website is the Self-E-Valuator, a self-screening program developed by Duke University Medical Center that tests students to determine whether they are at risk for depression, suicide and disorders like anorexia and drug dependence. Besides helping students, the service compiles anonymous student data, offering administrators an important window onto the mental health of its campus.The site provides university users with links to local mental health services, a catalog of information on prescription drugs and side effects, and access to Go Ask Alice, a vast archive developed by Columbia University with hundreds of responses to anonymously posted inquiries from college students worldwide. For students concerned about their friends, there is a section that describes warning signs for suicidal behavior and depression.Yet it is hard to determine how effective the service is. The anonymity of the offline service can even play out as a negative. “There is no substitute for personal interaction,” said Dr. Lanny Berman, executive director of the American Association of Suicidology, based in Washington.Ulifeline would be the first to say that its service is no replacement for an actual therapist. “The purpose is to find out if there are signs of depression and then direct people to the right places,” said Ron Gibori, execut ive director of Ulifeline.Mrs. Satow, who is still involved with Ulifeline, called it “a knowledge base” that might have prevented the death of her son, Jed. “If Jed’s friends had known the signs of depression,theymight have seen something,” she sai d.16.The son of Mr. and Mrs. Satow is mentioned to[A] introduce the topic of a website called Ulifeline[B] show the suffering of Mr. and Mrs. Satow[C] describe the Satows’ confusion over their son’s death[D] report the suicide of a young man17. Why do many colleges adopt the website Ulifeline?[A] It provides their students with campus information[B] It offers medical treatment to students in mental disorder[C] It encourages their students to seek advice about depression[D] It gives their students various help they may need18. Which of the following is true of Go Ask Alice?[A] It is a kind of side effect caused by some prescription drugs.[B] It counsels college students on mental problems[C] It is a collection of medical responses from students the world over[D] It describes the various signs of mental disorders19. The sentence “Yet it is…the service is.”(Line 1, Para. 6) shows that[A] a therapist’s office is the first place for the depressed to go.[B] the help given by the web service is doubtful.[C] doctors have expressed a negative view of the service.[D] only actual therapist can ensure adequate treatment.20. To which of the following is Mrs. Satow likely to agree?[A] J ed’s friends can prevent her son’s death[B] H er son’s suicide i s unavoidable[C] Ulifeline is a worthwhile website[D] Depression is the final cause of suicidesPart BDirections: You are going to read a list of headings and a text about City Onwards and Outwards. Choose the most suitable heading from the list [A]-[F] for each numbered paragraph (21-25). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use.[A] The vague future situation of city sprawl[B] Tax-base competition encourages city sprawl[C] Reasons for city sprawl[D] The drawbacks of city sprawl[E] The continuing process of city sprawls[F] The government’s role in the process of city sprawl.Even on paper, urban sprawl looks ugly. It looks more so from the 110th floor of Chicago’s Sears Tower. From there you can survey, into the misty distance, a metropolitan area that now encompasses no fewer than 265 separate municipalities and covers 3,800 square miles in six northeastern Illinois counties. The expansion of the region is sometimes described as growth.More accurately, Chicago has simply spread out. Between 1970 and 1990 the population of the metro area increased by only 4%, while land used for housing increased by 46%. More telling, land used for commercial development increased by a whopping 74%.21.A recent series in the Chicago Tribune, “The Graying of Suburbia”, documented the population decline of inner-ring towns ranging from dilapidated Dolton and Harvey to relatively up market Elmhurst and Skokie. In the harder-hit cases, population loss has been compounded by falling property values along with rising crime and unemployment. Less mobile and poorer groups live isolately in the inner cities, and the city’s infrastructure is abandoned. Worse, these problems are now overtaking the very suburbs that were once supposed to escape them.22.The expanding towns on the edges make no apology for their prosperity. Sprawl is natural, they argue; Americans live in smaller households and they want bigger houses. Businesses in turn follow the outwardly mobile workers. They also appreciate the cheaper land and better roads. As a case in point, ask Sears. The very company that built the magnificent downtown skyscraper relocated 5,000 workers to the outer suburb of Hoffman Estates in 1992.23.An article published this summer by the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago shows that various incentives in the federal tax code, including the deductibility of mortgage payments, promote over-consumption of housing. The code also allows taxpayers to defer capital-gains taxes if they buy a new home of equal or greater value, which pushes buyers towards higher-priced houses—most of them on the edges of cities. Another subsidy is provided for cars, the sine qua non of suburban life. By some estimates, existing taxes on motorists cover only 60% of the real costs of government road-related services.24.Far from expanding under one central authority, almost all metro areas are tended by a hotch-potch of city, town and other smaller governments. The quality of the services provided by these governments depends on the quality of the local property that they have to tax; so aggressive jurisdictions offer rebates or subsidies to win juicy new developments. The outcome, on one front, is often the premature development of new land. Towns on the outskirts, armed with subsidies and plenty of space, lure development away from the center.25.Over the long term, there is a chance that sprawl will not go unmanaged for ever: that the price of inner-city decline will eventually become too high. But it has not reached that point yet. The inner areas would like to see a regionally coordinated effort to pursue economic development (to diminish tax-base competition), or a region-wide sharing of commercial tax revenues, as has been tried to good effect in the Minneapolis-St Paul metropolitan area. But the deeper incentives to sprawl will still remain. Subsidies for home ownership are well guarded by lobbyists in Washington, and local governments are rightly jealous of their self-determination. For the time being, metropolitan areas like Chicago will just keep expanding.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.In the late 20th century, information has acquired two major utilitarian connotations. On the one hand, it is considered an economic resource, somewhat on a par with other resources such as labor, material, and capital. 26)This view stems from evidence that the possession, manipulation, and use of information can increase the cost-effectiveness on many physical and cognitive processes. The rise in information-processing activities in industrial manufacturing as well as in human problem solving has been remarkable. Analysis of one of the three traditional divisions of the economy, the service sector, shows a sharp increase in information-intensive activities since the beginning of the 20th century. By 1975 these activities accounted for half of the labor force of the United States, giving rise to the so-called information society.As an individual and societal resource, information has some interesting characteristics that separate it from the traditional notions of economic resources. 27)Unlike other resources, information is expansive, with limits apparently imposed only by time and human cognitive capabilities. Its expansiveness is attributable to the following: (1) it is naturally diffusive; (2) it reproduces rather than being consumed through use; and (3) it can be shared only, not exchanged in transactions. At the same time, information is compressible, both syntactically and semantically.28)Coupled with its ability to be substituted for other economic resources, its transportability at very high speeds, and its ability to impart advantages to the holder of information, these characteristics are at the base of such societal industries as research, education, publishing, marketing, and even politics. Societal concern with the husbanding of information resources has extended from the traditional domain of libraries and archives to encompass organizational, institutional, and governmental information under the umbrella of information resource managementThe second perception of information is that it is an economic commodity, which helps to stimulate the worldwide growth of a new segment of national economies—the information service sector. 29)Taking advantage of the properties of information and building on the perception of its individual and societal utility and value, this sector provides a broad range of information products and services. By 1992 the market share of the U. S. information service sector had grown to about $ 25 billion. This was equivalent to about one-seventh of the country’s computer market, which, in turn, represented roughly 40 percent of the global market in computers in that year. 30)However, the probably convergence of computers and television which constitutes a market share 100 times larger than computers and its impact on information services, entertainment, and education are likely to restructure the respective market shares of the information industry before the onset of the 21st century.做题点拨与全文翻译Part AText 1语境词汇1.infrastructure n.基础结构，基础设施2.feat n.业绩，功绩3.unprecedented a.无前例的；空前的4.legitimate a.合理的；法定的5.accentuate v.强调，使更突出6.disposable a.可支配的；一次性的7.surge n.急剧上升，猛增；(感情等的)洋溢8.unfeasible a.不能实行的，难实施的9.stunning a.令人震惊的；出色的难句突破1.[With the sudden boom of cars], (a more efficient) road (on which to travel) was [desperately] needed, and the interstate highway system provided that, [allowing travelers to safely and reliably visit other states or destinations closer to home].【分析】本句是由and引导的并列句。
人教版九年级英语寒假作业--Exercise 17(包含答案)
人教版九年级英语寒假作业---Exercise 17基础集训I.冠词填空。
1. Washington is_________ capital of_________ USA.2._________ Turners are living at the end of Turner Street.3. He joined the army in_________ spring of _________ 1995.4._________ old man is_________ teacher. He likes playing________basketball after _________supper5. After I had _________ quick breakfast, I hurriedto school.Ⅱ.单项选择。
( )1. She saw an accident_________A. happeningB. happenC. happensD. take place( )2. She refused_________ my questions.A. to answerB. answerC. answersD. answering( )3. The road is very_________ .It isn't dangerous.A. safetyB. safeC. safelyD. danger( )4. My sister is a student._________A. So does sheB. So she doesC. So do ID. So am I( )5. Parents should _________ their children_________ smoking.A. stop, forB. stop; fromC. ask: toD. ask, from( )6. She doesn't like laughing. She is a_________ woman.A.seriousB.seriousC. luckD. smile( )7. Let's go to school,_________ ?A. will youB. won't youC. do youD. shall we( )8. _________ be sure of it.A. DoB. DoesC. To doD. Doing( )9._________ you finish it, I will wait for you.A. No matter whenB. No whenC. No matter whatD. Matter when ( )10. Take care! You may hurt_________ .A. youB. yourC. yoursD. yourself能力提升Ⅲ.完形填空。