语法知识系统复习及阅读训练

精锐教育学科教师辅导讲义学员编号：年级：7 课时数：3学员姓名：辅导科目：英语学科教师：汪静课题T语法知识系统复习T阅读训练 C 课文同步授课日期及时段教学目的针对阶段测试中学生阅读部分失分较多，着重讲解阅读做题指导，培养阅读习惯。

教学内容Step 1 T同步复习带领学生一起将初中语法知识系统归纳下，以便了解学生的薄弱环节进行针对性教学。

英语语法大纲各种时态的构成和用法o一般现在时o现在进行时o现在完成时 have beeno现在完成进行时o一般过去时o过去进行时o过去完成时o过去完成进行时o一般将来时o将来进行时o过去将来时o将来完成时助动词和情态动词∙助动词助动词be的用法o助动词have的用法o助动词do的用法o助动词shall和will的用法∙情态动词o can/could 的用法o may/might 的用法o must的用法o need的用法o dare的用法o should/ought to的用法o“情态动词＋have+ done”的含义∙几个用法的区别o can 和be able to的区别o must与 have to的比较o need 作为情态动词与行为动词的区别o would与 used to 的区别被动语态∙动词的语态∙被动语态的构成∙被动语态的用法∙主动句变被动句的注意事项∙含有情态动词的被动语态∙不能用于被动语态的动词∙关于被动语态的几点说明虚拟语气∙基本用法和介绍o对现在的虚拟o对过去的虚拟o对过去的虚拟-翻译o表示与将来事实相反的假设o主从句行为发生时间不一致o相关句型转换o虚拟语气省略条件从句或主句∙虚拟语气的其他句型和用法o在“wish+宾语从句”中o用wish造句o在as if/as though或even if/even though引导的从句中o在It is (high) time (that)…句型中o在I would rather (that)…句型中o在suppose开头的祈使句中o在for fear that或lest引导的从句中o在表示建议、要求、命令等意思的动词后面的宾语从句中o使用表示建议、要求、命令等意思的动词派生的名词o在It is suggested that…等句型中o在It’s important that…等句型中非谓语动词∙动词的非谓语形式∙动词不定式o构成和用法o不定式的时态∙动名词o动名词做主语和表语o动名词短语作宾语o动名词短语作介词宾语o动名词的逻辑主语o动名词的完成式和被动语态o动词接不定式和接动名词做宾语的差别∙分词o现在分词和过去分词o现在分词和过去分词的区别o分词的用法o分词的注意事项o分词的时态和语态∙使用非谓语动词应注意的问题o不定式作状语时常用的句型o动名词和不定式作主语和表语时的区别o动名词和不定式作定语时的区别o动名词和不定式作宾语补足语时的区别o allow, permit, forbid, encourage, advise 的用法o非谓语动词的正误辨析∙独立主格结构一致∙主谓一致∙代词一致∙肯定与否定一致定语从句∙关系词∙用定语从句把两个句子合二为一∙限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句∙各关系词的用法∙定语从句的注意事项名词性从句∙疑问词可以引导主语、宾语和表语从句∙主语从句∙宾语从句∙同位语从句∙表语从句∙形容词后的that 从句∙what 从句的小结强调∙英语的强调主要分类∙强调非谓语∙强调谓语动词∙其他表示强调的方式∙练习倒装∙倒装简介∙语法倒装∙修辞倒装it 用法小结∙it作句子的真正主语∙it作形式主语∙it作形式宾语∙it 用于强调结构反意疑问句∙反意疑问句的主要形式∙英语反意疑问句的回答连接词∙连接词简介∙连词∙副词性连接词Step 2C 专题讲解选择判断正误阅读做题指导1、细节题型。

【提问方式】Wh-特殊问句；From the text...,According to...,True/not true,划线词语、句子，简单计算、排列事件顺序、识图等。

【解题方法】抓住提问中的关键字眼，仔细阅读相关细节的材料内容，一般可以在短文中直接找到或稍加归纳就可以找到正确答案。

●题干+正确选项的信息值等于或者约等于原文中某句的信息值；●体现中心思想的核心名词,一篇试题的细节与主旨核心名词沾边是首选。

题干中的标识语是快速寻找答题依据的“路标”，最常见的就是用引号标识的关键词或标明了标识语所在的具体行数。

<1>.扩缩范围文章为了表达得准确严密，很注意对范围的限定。

有的是通过加上相应的词语限制，如涉及到数量时常用many,almost all,nearly,more than,over,only a few,normally 等限制.有些干扰项是通过改变或去掉限定词语，甚至是扩大或缩小了语言范围。

<2>.偷换概念命题者设计试题时往往把原文的概念偷换成另一个不同的概念。

望文生义是造成错误的主要原因。

<3>.正误并存在一干扰项中，某个句子或词语是正确的，其他分句或词语是错误的或表达不全面，正误并存，命题者借此以假乱真。

要排除这类干扰项，只要一个选项局部有误或选项不全面，都属排除的干扰项。

你可以在回答问题的时候同时把答案的相应部分用笔标出来，这样的好处有两个，一是提高准确率，二是当你觉得哪个答案有可能有误差的时候可以只针对那句话和它的上下文来判断，不必阅读整篇文章。

2、主旨大意题型。

【提问方式】What' s the topic/subject of the text/the second paragraph？What is stated in...? The text is cheifly concerned with_______.【解题方法】（1)最常用的方法是仔细研读短文的1、2 两句-----即短文的主题句，或辅以阅读各段的第1、2句----即段落中心句。

此方法多适用于说明文、议论文。

（2）记叙文等需要通读全文，抓住关键事或论题来归纳意思（常说明一个道理）。

（3）全文末尾（段）找答案。

此类文章的特点是以列举事实开头，通过论证，最后阐述核心观点。

在处理文章标题的选择时，要避免下列三种错误：①概括不够(多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小)；②过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围)；③以事实或细节代替抽象具体的大意。

寻找主题句(topic：sentence)从而抓住全段的中心思想。

一般说来，主题句常见位置是段首第一句或第二句，但也有可能在段尾或段中。

●不管它出现在文章的什么位置,都作为最后一道题去做,因为做完其他题以后会对主旨的理解有帮助；●着重理解首末段,首末句；●主旨在文章中间的情况(非文首文尾),遇到文章前后段意思转折,提高警惕。

概括全文寻找文章的中心思想。

寻找整篇文章的中心思想是建立在寻找具体段落中心的基础上的，各段落中心句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。

·主旨题的注意事项：●概括的、抽象的、与中心思想核心名词沾边的是正确选项。

●段落中出现转折时,该句很可能是主题句；●作者有意识的反复重复的观点通常是主旨；●首段出现疑问句时,对该问题的解答就是文章主旨；●提出文章主旨时常伴有的文字提示:therefore,thus,but,however,in short等等。

选项特点:●正确选项特点:不出现细节信息;不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词；●干扰项特点:细节信息明显;过于笼统。

3、推理判断题型。

【解题方法】推断题是考查学生透过文章表面的文字信息进行分析、综合、归纳等逻辑推理的能力。

学生不仅要弄懂文章的字面意思，更重要的是要知道文章的潜在涵义。

【注意点】（1）那些文章中直接陈述的内容不能选，要选择根据文章推理出来的选项。

（2）推理不是凭空猜测，而是立足已知推断未知；作出正确答案时一定要在文中找到依据或理由。

（3）不能以自己的观点代替作者的想法；不要脱离原文主观臆断.●简单的具体的不是解,复杂的、概括的、抽象的经常是解;照抄原文的不是解,同义替换的经常是解;合理项经常不是解,不合理项经常是解.字面意义的不是解,深刻含义的可能是解.●绝对的一般不是解(如must always never the most all only any none entirely)●含义肯定的一般不是解；含义相互矛盾的经常是解；●含义不肯定的经常是解.不肯定的词:can could may usually might most more ore less nearly not enough suggest partial。

文章题目百分之八十都会出现在以下三个地方：1 全文的首段2 每段的首句3 全文的末句换言之，这几处大家一定要读懂、读透。

还有以下给大家总结了一些在阅读当中出现的一些关键的词，这些词周围往往也是比较容易出考题的地方所在。

1．表示转折关系的：but, however,2．表示原因的：because, for3．表示结果的：so, so that4．一些重要的形容词和短语：important, more than, in surprise5．表示强调等感情色彩强烈的词：must, have to，do6．表示顺序的词：First……. Second…….. Third……………T 综合能力提升实战演练判断正误AMichelle was flying from Houston to London, and during the flight, she began talking to John, the man in the seat next to her. She found out that he was president of a famous jeans company based in Texas; in face, she was wearing a pair of blue jeans from his company! But that wasn‟t the most interesting thing. He had lived in San Francisco when in high school, and it turned out that he knew Michelle‟s best friend, who also grew up in San Francisco! They continued talking. And by the end of the flight, they felt that they had known each other for much longer than eight hours.But back in Houston, Michelle almost forgot about the attractive man she had met on the plane. One evening, she waswalking her dog when a much larger dog came running toward them, growling. The owner was running after it, shouting. He managed to catch the dog just as it was going to attack Michelle‟s dog. Michelle was angry. “Why don‟t you keep your dog on a leash (拴狗带)?” she shouted. The suddenly, she looked at and stopped shouting. “John?”“Michelle?” they said, “Do you live around here?” I live on the next street.”“I don‟t believe it,” John said. “ in a city of two million people, you live three blocks from me!” and in the end, as had to happen, Michelle and John began going out together—all because of seats on an airplane and their dogs.1.Michelle and John were on the same flight from Houston to London one day.2.Michelle was wearing a pair of blue jeans made by John‟s company.3.During the walk, they found they used to be schoolmates in San Francisco.4.Michelle‟s dog attacked John‟s when the two owners happened to see each other.5.From the story we know that Michelle and John met again in San Francisco.6.In the end, Michelle and John decided they would never see each other again.BOnce Napoleon (拿破仑) stayed in a small inn. The next morning he went to thank the innkeeper. “You have saved me well, innkeeper,” said Napoleon. “I want to reward you. Tell me what you want.”“Sir, we want nothing,” said the innkeeper. “But will you tell us something? We’ve heard a story. Once during the war, the Russians took control of a farm house. You were sleeping in it. You hid yourself in a pile of hay(干草) whiling they were looking for you. Will you tell us how you felt when they were searching for you?”The innkeeper looked at Napoleon’s face. Napoleon looked very angry. He called two soldiers standing beside him. Then he pointed to the door. The soldiers took the innkeeper and his wife out into the garden. At the end of the garden was a wall. The soldiers tied the innkeeper’s hands beside “his back. Then his wife’s hands were tied, too. Napoleon watched, saying nothing.“Please, please, sir,”begged the innkeeper. “Don’t kill us! We meant nothing!”The soldiers moved back. The innkeeper saw them raising their guns.Then Napoleon said, “Ready! Aim!”The innkeeper’s wife cried.“Stop!” said Napoleon. He went to the innkeeper, “Now, you know the answer to the question you asked me, don’t you?”1.The innkeeper had done a good job and Napoleon was happy.2.The underlined word “reward” in paragraph 1 means “give something for the service”3.The innkeeper didn’t want anything, but he wanted Napoleon to tell him a story4.Napoleon was so angry that he ordered his man to kill the innkeeper and his wife.5.The innkeeper knew the answer to the question at last.6.Napoleon, not like ordinary people, was very brave and not afraid of death.选择APeople around the world have different ways of spending the holiday.Celebrations are held around the nation. In Sydney every year about 1 to 1.5 million people go to the world's largest firework s (焰火) display near the harbor (港口).New year is the most important holiday in Japan. It's a symbol (标志) of starting a new life. In December, all kinds of"forget-the-year parties" are held. At the party, people say goodbye to the problems of the past year and prepare for a new beginning. Misunderstandings (误解) are forgotten and houses are cleaned. At midnight on December 31, temples (寺庙) play their gongs (锣) 108 times to drive 108 kinds of human weakness away.New Y ear's Day is a day of joy and no work is done. Children get small gifts with money inside. Sending new year's cards is a popular tradition. If the cards are postmarked (盖邮戳的), the Japanese post office promise they'll send them all on January 1.In Greece, there is a traditional dish for New Y ear's Day. It is a kind of cake. A silver or gold coin is baked inside the cake. Whoever finds the coin will be especially lucky in the coming year.( ) 36. The best title of the reading above is “_____________”.A. Celebrations around the worldB. New Y ear …s celebrationC. New Y eqar‟s gift for childrenD. Best wishes on New Y ear( ) 37. The world‟s largest fireworks display is in ____________.A. JapanB. AustraliaC. GreeceD. China( ) 38. When and where do temples play their gongs 108 times?A. On New Y ear‟s Day in Greece.B. At midnight in Australia.C. On New Y ear‟s Eve in Japan.D. At midnight in China.( ) 39. A silver or gold coin is baked inside the cake in Greece _________.A.to find the lucky oneB. for the lucky person to findC. to find a traditional fishD. for the New Y ear‟s DayBLast year, I was invited to attend a party for “Tuesday‟s child”, an organization that helps children with the AIDS(艾滋病毒). I was asked to attend because I am a TV show. I went there because I care.At the party, they had all kinds of small rooms. I got into a special one. In this room, anyone could paint a square. They gave everyone paints in bright, beautiful colors and asked the kids to paint something beautiful. As I looked around at all the squares, I saw the pictures were all bright, except one.The boy sitting next to me was painting a heart, but it was dark, empty, and lifeless. It lacked (缺乏) the bright colors that other children used.At first I thought maybe he took the only paint that was left and it just happened to be dark. But when I asked him about it, he said his heart was that color because his own heart felt dark. I asked him why and he told me that he was very sick and his mother was very sick, too. He said that his sickness was not ever going to get better and neither was his mother‟s. He looked straight into my eyes and said, “There is nothing anyone can do to help”I told him I was sorry that he was sick and I could certainly understand why he was so sad. I could even understand why he had made his heart dark dolor. But I told him that it isn’t true that there is nothing anyone can do to help. Other people may not make him or his mother better but we can do things like giving him or her hugs (拥抱). Then I hugged him for a long time. I thought my own heart would burst with the love I felt for this sweet little boy. After that, I asked him if he felt any better. He said he did, but he was still sick and nothing would change that, I walked away felling sad.As I was getting ready to head home, I felt a tug (用力拉) on my jacket. I turned around and the little boy was standing there with a smile on his face. He told me, “My heart is changing colors. It is getting brighter. I think those hugs really work.”On my way home, I felt my own heart had changed to a brighter color.“Tuesday‟s child” was ___________________________.A. the name of a TV showB. the name of an organizationC. a child with the AIDS virusD. the name of a partyThe writer ___________ so she wanted to attend the party.A. was invitedB. worked for a TV showC. cared for the AIDS childrenD. was very carefulThe sick boy painted a dark heart dark because ______________________.A. he is good paintingB. he took the only paint that was leftC. his mother was dyingD. he as well as his mother was seriously illAfter a long hug, _______________________.A. the boy felt betterB. the writer felt her heart had changed brighterC. nothing happenedD. the boy wasn‟t sick any more5. The underlined word “burst” in paragraph 5 means _______________________.A. break suddenlyB. come intoC. be filledD. feel6. The best title of the passage is _____________________.A. Tuesday‟s ChildB. Brighter HeartC. Heart TroubleD. Bright paint( C)Matt has had such a terrible time this year that he should be in The Guinness (吉尼斯)Book of Records. When he tells his friends about his experiences, he cannot let them believe him.The trouble started one morning in January . That day when he wanted to drive his car to w ork as usual, he found it had gone, just outside his own house. And he hasn‟t seen it since then. In February Matt won $200,000 on the football polls (选票). But his joy didn‟t last long—he had forgotten to post the letter, so he didn‟t see a penny. After living two months without a car, he decided to get a new one, for he didn‟t want to waste any more time waiting for a bus. So in March he bought a new car. He spent more than he wished on the new car because it was not the right season for sales. He hadn‟t had it for more than a week when someone crashed (碰撞) into the back of it. That was not the end of his bad luck. One day in May Matt sat on a seat that had been painted only minutes before. And he was wearing his new trousers that had been bought only the w eek before. August has been the worst month so far this year. Matt spent three days of his holiday at airports because of strikes (罢工). When he arrived home, he discovered that someone had broken into his house. His television and computer had disappeared. Matt is glad that it‟s the end of the year. He just hopes his luck will change in the new year.True or False (本篇答案必须用2B铅笔填涂。