2012年在职工程硕士GCT语言表达能力第2套考题附答案
2013GCT语言表达能力测试试题附答案
2012GCT语言表达能力测试试题附答案第一部分语言表达能力测试（50题，每题2分，满分100分）一、选择题1.对下列词语意义的解释，正确的一组是A.点明（指出来使人知道）点头哈腰（形容恭顺或过分客气）优点（好处；长处）文不加点（写文章不加标点）B.动身（动一动身子）动人心弦（激动人心）动议（发动大家议论）兴师动众（发动很多人做某件事）C.名目（事物的名称）不可名状（不能够用语言形容）名流（著名的人士）一文不名（事物不值钱或人品低下）D.采风（搜集民歌）闻风而动（一听到消息就立刻行动）风闻（由传闻而得知）移风易俗（改变旧的风俗习惯）2.从修辞角度看，对下面诗句解说有误的一项是A.问君能有几多愁，恰似一江春水向东流。
--以水喻愁，显示出愁思如春水般汪洋恣肆，奔放倾泻；又如春水之不舍昼夜，长流不断，无穷无尽。
B.即从巴峡穿巫峡，便下襄阳向洛阳。
--既是工整的地名对，又是活泼的流水对，迅即飞驰，有如闪电，写出了诗人回归故乡的急切心情。
C.千古兴亡多少事？悠悠，不尽长江滚滚流！--时间漫长久远，人生苦短，通过强烈的正反对比，抒发了词人胸中翻滚的不尽愁思和感慨。
D.东边日出西边雨，道是无晴还有晴。
--“晴”与“情”谐音双关，明确而又含蓄地表达了一位初恋少女的迷惘和眷恋，希望和等待。
3.下列不属于“五经”的是：A.《尚书》B.《春秋》C.《诗经》D.《论语》4.具有“含泪的微笑”风格的小说家是A.莫泊桑B.契诃夫C.欧？亨利D.屠格涅夫5.在中国古代社会，赋役制度几经变化，明朝张居正进行赋役改革，推行了A.两税法B.方田均税法C.一条鞭法D.摊丁入亩6.下列各句在表达上有歧义的是：A.当面不说背后乱说是自由主义的表现。
B.小张调到报社工作才三天，许多人还不认得。
C.谁也不会否认，发展国民经济需要教育。
D.在工地上，马达轰鸣，人来人往，到处是繁忙的景象。
7.下列各句中，加点成语使用正确的一句是：A.假设我们要拿着“一个主义”的尺度来衡量人才，那我就敬谢不敏，实在连一打也找不到。
2012年在职硕士GCT英语考试真题及答案
2012年在职硕士GCT英语考试真题及答案(50题，每题2分，满分100分)Part One Vocabulary and StructureDirections:There are ten incomplete sentences in this pαrt. For each sentence there αre fourchoices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Markyour answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1. I realized I had let myself in something from which there was no turning_____.A. aroundB. backC. awayD. down2. You are to stay at the hotel where rooms _________for you.A. have been bookedB. are bookedC. would be bookedD. were booked3. If you ______to my advice，you wouldn't be in this mess right now.A. listenB. listenedC. had listenedD. would listen4. Those close to him are _________ that he hopes to stay on till the end of his term.A. ensuredB. confirmedC. supposeD. convinced5.Working women haven't left the family role behind: now they are _____to workeven harder to do both.A. expectedB. wishedC. hopedD. desired6. Modem technology has brought ______communication between people far apart.A. competentB. convenientC. consciousD. complete7. Under no_______ are children allowed to tell lies to their parents.A. circumstancesB. situationsC. occasionsD. moments8. We need a more capable leader, _____with a strong will as well as good humor.A. whoB. thatC. oneD. which9. The lectures，_____ the current hot issues，were well received.A. that coveredB. coveredC. coveringD. to cover10. Being an intelligent boy，he ______such a foolish mistake.A. needn't have madeB. can’t have madeC. won't have madeD. wouldn’t have madePart Two Reading ComprehensionDirections:In this part there are three passages and one chart ，each followed by jive questionsor unfinished statements. For each of them，there are four choices marked A，B，C andD. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a singleline through the center.Questions 11-15 are based on the following passage:Ever won the lottery? No? But did that stop you buying another lottery ticket? If the answer is another “no"，you might call yourself an optimist.According to researchers at University College London，human beings are sanguine creatures. It is all in the brain，they say. A study suggests that human brain is very efficient at processing good news: about 80% of people have a tendency to see the glass as half-full，not half-empty，even if they don't consider themselves to be optimists.The good news is that this brings a health benefit , Having a positive outlook on life reduces anxiety. A study of nearly 100，000 women showed a lower risk of death from heart disease among optimists.But there are problems in always having an optimistic attitude. The authors of the study point out that the 2008 financial crisis may have been caused by analysts overestimating their assets' performance even in the face of clear evidence to the contrary.There are personal health risks too. Dr Tali Sharot，lead researcher，said: '''Smoking Kills' messages don't work since people think their chances of cancer are low. There's a very fundamental tendency in the brain."But，as they say，every cloud has a silver lining. Even if seeing the world through rose-colored glasses poses a risk to our health，it's not something that is likely to cause us to lose sleep. Let's just keep our chins up and keep smiling!11. What does “sanguine” (para.2) mean ?A .DepressedB Cheerful C. Lucky D. Emotional12. The study mentioned in Paragraph 2 indicates that people______.A. are more optimistic than they believeB. are less optimistic than they believeC. like good news more than they thinkD. like good news less than they think13 .What study mentioned in Paragraph 2 indicates that people _____.A. Collecting false informationB. OveremJ1hasizing evidence.C. Misjudging the situation.D. Giving a pessimistic forecast.14. The author suggests in the last paragraph that we______A. adjust our goals in lifeB. learn to release bad moodC. avoid being overoptimisticD. maintain a positive attitude15 .what is the main of the passage ?A. People tend to be optimistic even in crisis.B. Optimists enjoy life better than pessimists.C. Being optimistic has both benefits and risks.D. Optimism is what keeps us going forward.Questions 16-20 are based on the following passage:The International Olympic Committee (IOC) has launched an investigation into allegations that its officials in more than 50 countries have been selling London Olympics tickets on the black market for profit. The IOC met at an emergency session on Saturday to look into a pile of evidence uncovered by Britain's Sunday Times newspaper. The paper claims that high-ranking Olympic officials have been selling tickets for the games at hugely inflated prices. The highest priced tickets on the black market were for the men's 100-meter final. The roc has issued a statement saying it takes these allegations very seriously and has immediately taken the first steps to investigate. "IOC rules forbid national Olympics committees from selling tickets overseas，increasing ticket prices or selling tickets to unauthorized，third-party resellers. Despite this，Sunday Times undercover report posing as illegal ticket sellers say they have recorded evidence of 27 officials selling tickets distributed to 54 countries One of the most serious allegations was against the Greek Olympic Committee president Spyros Capralos. He denies saying he had "pulled strings" with the head of the London Olympics Sebastian Coe even though the paper posted videos of its reporters' negotiations with Capralos on its website. Mr Capralos has so far refused to comment.16 The IOC is investigating its own officials for _______.A. running the black marketB. secretly meeting reportersC. illegally selling ticketsD. criticizing Sunday Times17. The word “allegations “(Para.1)”probably means “_______”A. discussionsB. claimsC. announcementsD. opinions18. Sunday Times revealed _______.A. details about IOC's emergency sessionB. evidence against some IOC officialsC. ticket prices for men's 100-meter finalD. pricing policy of the London Olympics19. Which of the following is NOT against the IOC rules concerning its officials?A. Selling tickets internationally.B. Raising the prices of the tickets.C. Selling tickets to unofficial resellers.D. Giving tickets to their friends.20 .Faces with the evidence against him , Capralos _____A. blamed other officialsB. admitted the factsC. issued a statementD. gave no responseQuestions 21-25 are based on the following passage:Pressed by competition and its own success，the popular search engine Google has created an automated way to search for new employees who are fully appropriate as well as high-achieving.In a project，the 100，000 people who fill in online job applications for Google each month will be asked to complete a complicated questionnaire(问卷) exploring their attitudes，behaviour，personality and backgrounds going back to their school days.The questions range from whether applicants have ever set a world record，to whether their workspace is messy or tidy or what magazines they read. Answers are studied by Google's mathematicians to calculate a score meant to predict how well a person will fit into the organization's diversified and competitive culture.Psychometric tests(心理测试) are already used by more traditional companies to select workers，but they are unheard of in a company like Google，which is built on a belief in individual talent. The online questionnaire is based on the answers to 300 questions sent out last summer to every employee at the head office in California's Silicon Valley. Some questions were factual: What programming languages are you familiar with? What internet mailing lists are you on?Other questions，however，tried to establish personality and behavioural characteristics: Have you ever tutored another person?"We wanted to cast a very wide net，" said Laszlo Bock，Google'sVice-President for People Operations."It is not unusual to walk into our office and bump into dogs. Maybe people who own dogs have some personality feature that is useful."21 Google has created a new way of recruiting in order to_____.A. find the most appropriate employeesB. better compete with other companiesC. spread its unique co叩orate cultureD. conduct an online research project22. The information gained from the questionnaire will be _____.A. analyzed in a reportB. summed up in a figureC. organized into a chartD. kept in its raw state23 . What is true about the Google online questionnaire?A. It was based on a survey of its employees.B. It focuses on background questions.C. It was designed by some mathematiciansD. It has been filled out by 100，000 people24. What distinguishes Google online questionnaire?A. Preferring those who own pets.B. Stressing overall personal qualities.C. Asking more complex questions.D. Believing in high-achieving experience.25.By "casting a wide net"(last paragraph)，Laszlo Bock meansA. recruiting a wide range of talentsB. finding candidates with peculiar personalityC. identifying candidates with wide interestsD. picking out as many applicants as possibleQuestions26-30are based on the following chart :Cigarette Smoking by Grade Level: 2005-2009□2005 □2007 ■.2009(说明：2005年为白框，2007年为灰框，2009年是黑框，扫描问题无法显示。
2012年考研英语二真题全文翻译标准答案超详解析
20１2年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二）试题答案与解析Seｃtion I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文是一篇关于人物介绍的说明性文章，主要讲述了G．I. Joe由普通人成长为英雄,是美国特种兵敢死队的象征。
二、试题解析1．【答案】B【解析】本段开篇提出主题:Ｇ. I. Jｏe 这个名字对于参加过第二次世界大战的人来说意义非凡。
空格中需要填动词,在定语从句中做谓语,其主语是ｗho(指代meｎａnｄwoｍｅｎ)，动作发生的地点是ｉn ＷorlｄWar IＩ；空后的句子“theｐeoｐle they ｌiｂｅｒaｔed”中ｔhey也指代men and ｗoｍeｎ，他们有ｌiｂeratｅ的动作,由此推断“ｔhe men ａnd woｍｅｎ”指的应该是参加了第二次大战的男人和女人,即服役的军人。
只有serve 有“服兵役”的意思,所以选B。
A 项peｒfｏrｍ意为“表现;执行;表演”;C 项rebel 意为“造反，反抗”;Ｄ项beｔｒay意为”背叛,出卖”,皆不符合文意，为干扰项。
２．【答案】Ｂ【解析】空格处所指的人与下文的ｔhe poor farm kiｄ和tｈe ｇuy在含义上呼应,同时与空格后的“ｇrown intoherｏ”逻辑含义应保持一致,因此空内信息应该是与hero“英雄”意思相对,后面的分句说他背井离乡,经历了很多苦难，显然这里应该是说由普通人平凡人（commoｎman）成长为英雄,所以选B。
A 项actual 意为“实际上,事实上的”；C 项ｓpeｃｉａl 意为“特殊的,专门的”;Ｄ项normaｌ意为“正常的,常态的”；皆不符合上下文语意,为干扰项。
３．【答案】A【解析】本题考查的是词语的搭配关系，需要填入动词在定语从句中做谓语，先行词是ｗho（the gｕy)，宾语是aｌl thｅburdeｎs of baｔtle，要表达“承担战争带来的负担,应该用动词beaｒ或ｓｈｏｕldeｒ,所以这里选A，boｒe。
2012年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析
2012 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文是一篇关于人物介绍的说明性文章，主要讲述了 G. I. Joe 由普通人成长为英雄，是美国特种兵敢死队的象征。
二、试题解析1．【答案】B【解析】本段开篇提出主题：G. I. Joe这个名字对于参加过第二次世界大战的人来说意义非凡。
空格中需要填动词，在定语从句中做谓语，其主语是who（指代men and women），动作发生的地点是in World War II；空后的句子“ the people they liberated ”中they也指代men and women，他们有由此推断“ the men and women”指的应该是参加了第二次大战的男人和女人，即服役的军人。
只有serve 意思，所以选 B 。
liberate 的动作，有“服兵役”的A 项 perform 意为“表现；执行；表演” ； C项rebel意为“造反，反抗” ；D项betray意为”背叛，出卖” ，皆不符合文意，为干扰项。
2．【答案】 B【解析】空格处所指的人与下文的 the poor farm kid 和 the guy 在含义上呼应，同时与空格后的“ grown intohero”逻辑含义应保持一致，因此空内信息应该是与hero“英雄”意思相对，后面的分句说他背井离乡，经历了很多苦难，显然这里应该是说由普通人平凡人（common man）成长为英雄，所以选B。
A 项actual意为“实际上，事实上的”；C项special意为“特殊的，专门的”；D项normal 意为“正常的，常态的”；皆不符合上下文语意，为干扰项。
3．【答案】 A【解析】本题考查的是词语的搭配关系，who（ the guy），宾需要填入动词在定语从句中做谓语，先行词是语是all the burdens of battle ，要表达“承担战争带来的负担，应该用动词所以这里选 A ， bore。
2012考研英语（二）真题及答案解析
2012考研英语（二）真题及答案解析2012年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语二真题及参考答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI. Joe as a mindless war toy, the symbol of American military adventurism, but that‘s not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1 in World War II and the people they liberated, the GI. was the 2 man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3 all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes, who went without the 4 of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid, 5 an average guy ,up 6 the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name is not much. GI. is just a military abbreviation 7 Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8 to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9) it to the top .Joe Blow, Joe Magrac …a working class name. The United States has 10) had a president or vice president or secretary of state Joe.GI .Joe had a 11 career fighting German, Japanese, and Korean troops. He appears as a character, or a 12 of American personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle 13 portrayed themselves in the film. Pyle wasfamous for covering the 14 side of the war, writing about the dirt-snow –and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were 15 or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports 16 the ―willie‖ cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men 17 the dirt and exhaustion of war, the 18 of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. 19 Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier, 20 the most important person in their lives.1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed2.[A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded4.[A]necessities [B]facilities [C]commodities [D]properties5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence6.[A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming8.[A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passed down9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human15.[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated[D]contradicted17.[A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired18.[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advances19.[A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond20.[A]on the contrary [B] by this means [C]from the outset[D]at that point答案解析：1.【答案】B【解析】从空后的句子―他们解放的人们‖可以看出，空前的句子表示的应该是参加了第二次大战的男人和女人。
工程硕士(GCT)英语分类真题完成会话篇(二)_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
工程硕士(GCT)英语分类真题完成会话篇(二)(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)完成会话题Directions:In this part, there are ten short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that most appropriately suits the conversational context and **pletes the dialogue. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1.Speaker A: Peter, I"m awfully sorry. I won"t be able to come this Friday.Speaker B: What"s the matter? ______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA I"m really sorry for thatB Nothing wrong, I hopeC It"s all right with meD You **e some other time分值: 2.5答案:B[解析] 甲方道歉，说：“周五不能来了”。
乙方问：“怎么回事，希望没有啥麻烦”。
A项次之，选项C和D讲不通。
2.Speaker A: Ten dollars for this brand?Speaker B: ______. I got it in a second-hand store.SSS_SINGLE_SELA Oh, yes, wonderfulB Do me a favorC Use your headD No kidding分值: 2.5答案:D[解析] 甲方表示吃惊，问：“这个品牌10美元就能买到?”乙方说：“是真的，是从旧货商店买的。
2012年考研英语二真题及答案
2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI. Joe as a mindless war toy, the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it need to be. To the men and women who 1 in World War Ⅱand the people they liberated, the GI was the 2 man grown into hero, the poor farm kid torn away from his home, the guy who 3 all the burdens of battles, who slept in cold foxholes, who went without the 4 of food and shelter, who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder. This was not a volunteer soldier, not someone well paid, 5 an average guy up 6 the best trained, best equipped, fiercest, most brutal enemies in centuries.His name isn’t much.GI. is just a military abbreviation 7 Government Issue, and it was on all of the articles 8 to soldiers. And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9 it to the top. Joe Blow, Joe Palooka, Joe Magrac…a working class name. The United States has 10 had a president or vice- president or secretary of state Joe.GI. Joe had a 11 career fighting German, Japanese, and Korean troops. He appears as a character or a 12 of American personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Emie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Poly 13 portrayed themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the 14 side of the war, writing about thedirt-snow-and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were 15 or what towns were captured or liberated. His reports 16 the “Willie” cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men 17 the dirt and exhaustion of war, the 18 of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep.19 Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, GI. Joe was American soldiers, 20 the most important person in their lives.1. [A]performed[B]served[C]rebelled[D]betrayed2. [A]actual[B]common[C]special[D] normal3. [A]bore[B]caused[C]removed[D] loaded4. [A]necessities[B]facilities[C]commodities[D] properties5. [A]and[B]nor[C]but[D]hence6. [A]for[B]into[C]from[D]against7. [A]meaning[B]implying[C]symbolizing[D]claiming8. [A]handed out[B]turned over[C]brought back[D]passed down9. [A]pushed[B]got[C]made[D]managed10. [A]ever[B]never[C]either[D]neither11. [A]disguised[B]disturbed[C]disputed[D]distinguished12. [A]company[B]collection [C]community[D]colony13. [A]employed[B]appointed[C]interviewed[D]questioned14. [A]ethical[B]military[C]political[D]human15. [A] ruined[B] commuted[C] patrolled[D] gained16. [A]paralleled[B] counteracted[C] duplicated[D] contradicted17. [A] neglected[B] avoided[C]emphasized[D] admired18. [A] stages[B]illusions[C] fragments[D] advances19. [A] With [B] To[C] Among[D] Beyond20. [A] on the contrary[B] by this means[C] from the outset[D] at that pointSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recently years it has been particularly scorned. Schooldistricts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on this educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot complete on their own or that they cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a part of schooling; teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see very little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students’ academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if should account for a significant portion of the grade. Meanwhile, this policy does nothing to ensure that the homework students receive is meaningful or appropriate to their age and the subject, or that teachers are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the shool board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.21. It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework____.[A] is receiving more criticism[B]is no longer an educational ritual[C]is not required for advanced courses[D]is gaining more preferences22. L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_____.[A] tend to have moderate expectations for their education[B]have asked for a different educational standard[C]may have problems finishing their homework[D]have voiced their complaints about homework23. According to Paragraph 3’one problem with the policy is that it may____.[A]discourage students from doing homework[B]result in students’ indifference to their report cards[C]undermine the authority of state tests[D]restrict teachers’ power in education24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4 a key question unanswered about homework is_____.[A] it should be eliminated[B] it counts much in schooling[C] it places extra burdens on teachers[D] it is important for grades25. A suitable title for this text could be____.[A] wrong Interpretations of an Educational Policy[B] A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students[C] Thorny Questions about Homework[D] A Faulty Approach to HomeworkText 2Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls’ lives. It is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls’ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls’ lives and interests.Gi rls’ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century, in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What’s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolized femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s,when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children’s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realized how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into chi ldren’s behavior: wrong. Turns out, according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularized as a marketing trick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s.Trade publications counseled department stores that, in order to increase sa les, they should create a “third stepping stone” between infant wear and older kids’ clothes. It was only after “toddler” became a common shoppers’ term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences-or invent them where they did not previously exist.26.By saying “it is … the rainbow” (Line3, Para.1), the author me ans pink____.[A]should not be the sole representation of girlhood[B]should not be associated with girls’ innocence[C]cannot explain girls’ lack of imagination[D]cannot influence girls’ lives and interests27. According to paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?[A] Colours are encoded in girls’ DNA.[B] Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.[C] Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.[D] White is preferred by babies.28. The author suggests that our perception of children’s psychological development was much influenced by_____.[A]the marketing of products for children[B]the observation of children’s nature[C]researches into children’s behaviour[D]studies of childhood consumption29. We may learn from paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to____.[A]focus on infant wear and older kids’ clothes[B]attach equal importance to different genders[C]classify consumers into smaller groups[D]create some common shoppers’ terms30. It can be conclu ded that girls’ attraction to pink seems to be____.[A]clearly explained by their inborn tendency[B]fully understood by clothing manufacturers[C]mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen[D]well interpreted by psychological expertsText 3In2010, a fe deral judge shook America’s biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades-by 2005 some 20% of human genes were patented .But in March 2012 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO), a trade group, assured members that this was just a “preliminary step” in a longer battleOn July 29th they were relieved, at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Muriad Genetics could indeed hold patents to two genes that help forecast a woman’s risk of breast cancer .The chief executive of Mytiad, a company in Utah, said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine, the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over. Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriads A growing number seem to agree. Last year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecule “is no less a product of nature…than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds.”Despite the appeals court’s decision, big questions remain unanswered. For example, it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of individual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.As the industry advances, however, other suits may have an even greater impact. Companies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are unlikely patented or in the public domain. Firms are now studying how genes interact, looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug’s efficacy. Companies a re eager to win patents for “connecting the dots,” explains Hans Sauer, a lawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO recently held a convention which included sessions to coach lawyer on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.31. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that the biotech companies would like_____.[A] their executives to be active[B] judges to rule out gene patenting[C] genes to be patentable[D] the BIO to issue a warning32. Those who are against gene patents believe that_____.[A] genetic tests are not reliable[B] only man-made products are patentable[C] patants on genes depend much on innovation[D] courts should restrict access to genetic tests33. According to Hans Sauer , companies are eager to win patents for_____.[A] establishing disease correlations[B] discovering gene interactions[C] drawing pictures of genes[D] identifying human DNA34. By saying“Each meeting was packed”(Line 4,Para.6), the author means that______.[A] the supreme court was authoritative[B] the BIO was a powerful organisation[C] gene patenting was a great concern[D] lawyers were keen to attend conventions35. Generally speaking, the author’s attitude toward gene patenting is______.[A] critical[B] supportive[C] scornful[D] objectiveText 4The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends, it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics, our culture, and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways: they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S., lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them - especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economic at Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the Internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden within American society. More difficult, in the moment, is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society’s charact er. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this recession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly will reshape it, and all the more so the longer they extend.36. By saying “to find silver linings”(Line 1,Para.2)the author suggests that the jobless try to ___.[A] seek subsidies from the government[B] explore reasons for the unemployment[C] make profit from the troubled economy[D] look on the bright side of the recession37. According to Paragraph 2, the recession has made people___.[A] realize the national dream[B] struggle against each other[C] challenge their prudence[D] reconsider their lifestyle38. Benjamin Friedman believes that economic recessions may___.[A] impose a heavier burden on immigrants[B] bring out more evils of human nature[C] promote the advance of rights and freedoms[D] ease conflicts between races and classes39. The research of Till Von Wachter suggests that in the recession graduates from elite universities tend to___.[A] lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities[B] catch up quickly with experienced employees[C] see their life chances as dimmed as the others[D] recover more quickly than the others40. The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is _____.[A] certain[B] positive[C] trivial[D] destructivePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by reading information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Make your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)“University history, the history of what man has accomplished in the world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here,” wrote the Victorian Thomas Carlyle Well, not any more it is not.Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favorite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from our forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing Debins Illustribus-on Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, he championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and author of their day, stressing theuniqueness of the artist’s person experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samuel Smile wrote self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers, industrialists and explorers. “The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self -help, of patient purpose resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formation of truly noble and manly character, exhibit.” wrote Smile, “what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself.” His biographies of James Watt, Richard Arkwright and Josian Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.Not everyone was convinced by such bombast. “The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles,” wrote Marx and Engel in The Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles: “It is man, living man who does all that.” And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle, As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. For:“Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past.”This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding - from gender to race to cultural studies - were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.Section III Translation46. Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)When people in developing countries worry about migration, they are usually concerned at the prospect of their best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in developed world. These are the kind of workers that countries like Britain, Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates.Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate. A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40% of emigrants had more than a high-school education, compared with around 3.3% of all Indians over the age 25. This “brain drain” has long bothered policymakers in poor countries. They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities, worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an online store the other day. Write an email to the customer service center to1)make a complaint, and2)demand a prompt solution.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use“ZhangWei”instead.Part B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the following table. In your writing, you should1) describe the table, and2) give your comments.You should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15point)某公司员工工作满意度调查2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试(微博)英语(二)试题答案详解Section I Use of English1.【答案】B 【解析】从空后的句子“他们解放的人们”可以看出，空前的句子表示的应该是参加了第二次大战的男人和女人。
2012年GCT工程硕士(英语)真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2012年GCT工程硕士（英语）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. V ocabulary and Structure 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Cloze 4. Dialogue CompletionPart I V ocabulary and StructureDirections: There are ten incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1．I realized I had let myself in something from which there was no turning____________．A．aroundB．backC．awayD．down正确答案：B解析：句意为：我意识到自己深陷没有退路的局面里了。
本题是对词组的考查。
Turn around“扭转”，turn back“回身”，turn away“移开，脱身”，turn down “拒绝”。
根据题意，本题选B。
2．You are to stay at the hotel where rooms____________for you．A．have been bookedB．are bookedC．would be bookedD．were booked正确答案：A解析：句意为：你要待在为你订好的房间里。
本题考查的语法是主句谓语动词为一般现在时表示将来(be to do表示“将要”)，定语从句要用过去或者现在的时态维持时态一致，根据句意，现在完成时强调结果，故A最合适。
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2012年在职工程硕士GCT语言表达能力第2
套考题附答案
一、选择题（15道）
1.对下列各组词语加点字注音完全正确的一项是（）
A.外埠（bù）物阜民丰（fù）出访（fǎng）茶坊酒肆（fāng）
B.暂时（zhàn）崭露头角（zhǎn）气氛（fēn）纷至沓来（fēn）
C.条幅（fǔ）万方辐辏（fú）咀嚼（jǔ）风雨无阻（zǔ）
D.勾当（gòu）钩心斗角（gōu）禁止（jǐn）噤若寒蝉（jìn） 2.下列句子中加点的成语，使用恰当的一句是
A.雨果是世界人民喜爱的作家，也是中国人民喜爱的作家，但因时间和空间的关系，人们只能对他敬而远之了。
B.生活本身就是五花八门的矛盾集合，人们对生活的解释完全是各抒己见。
C.人来到人世，并不是为了在无所事事中度过黯淡无光的一生，而是为了从事伟大而壮丽的事业。
D.将龟龙作为偶像，代表着两种截然不同的价值取向，而这两种观念为汉族人兼容并包，是汉民族共同心理素质的一种表现。
3.下列有关文学常识的表述，不正确的一项是
A.李白的绝句《望天门山》，杜甫的律诗《春夜喜雨》，白居易的词《忆江南》都充满了对现实生活和对祖国河山的热爱。
B.《诗经》开创了现实主义诗歌的先河，其后主要的现实主义诗人有杜甫、白居易和陆游，他们使现实主义诗歌得以继承和发扬。
C.十九世纪世界文坛上涌现了许多有才华的作家，如英国的狄更斯、丹麦的安徒生、法国的雨果等。
D.现代文学作品中反映旧中国劳动人民遭受压迫与
剥削的痛苦生活的小说有《祝福》《包身工》《骆驼祥子》等。
4.在下列选项中，采用多党制的君主立宪制国家有
A.加拿大、荷兰、意大利
B.澳大利亚、比利时、西班牙
C.英国、荷兰、澳大利亚
D.丹麦、比利时、西班牙 6.全球范围内的气候异常条件日渐频繁。
据世界气象组织2002年3月份发布的2001年世界气候公报，2001年世界气候异常，气温升高，飓风频繁、暴雨成灾、干旱严重，为历史所罕见。
从哲学的角度看，
之所以会出现这种变化，主要是由于
A.自然规律发生作用的频率增大了
B.人没有充分发挥主观能动性去预防和避免规律发生的破坏作用
C.人们利用和改造自然时都没有按客观规律办事
D.人们利用和改造自然活动中，忽视了规律的客观性，加大了对自然的破坏和摄取7.名列全球五大会计事务所之一的安达信公司由于出具虚假的会计报告，其信誉严重受损，并被美国司法部提出指控，面临着倒闭的命运。
这说明
A.会计事务所应由国家直接经营管理
B.诚实信用是市场经济条件下企业的生命
C.司法部门的指控是导致安达信面临倒闭的根本原因
D.法律中介服务机构无法对市场经济产生“自律”作用8.法国作家雨果说：“人有了物质才能生存，有了理想才谈得上生活。
”这句话强调的是
A.理想受生活存在的制约
B.理想源于现实又高于现实
C.人要有物质生活，更要有精神生活
D.不同的人有不同的理想9.据《中国环境报》报道：在新西兰测得太阳紫外线辐射比10年前所测数据要大
12%.下列现象中与紫外线增多直接有关的是
A.土壤酸性增强，建筑物和文物古迹受腐蚀
B.海平面上升，沿海低地被淹
C.患白内障和皮肤病的人数明显增多
D.季风区的洪涝灾害10.世界上的群岛国家是下列中的
A.菲律宾
B.马绍尔群岛
C.库克群岛
D.印度尼西亚11.“试管婴儿”技术是解决不孕症的有效手段，1978年世界上诞生了第一例“试管婴儿”。
这项技术实际上是指受精卵在体外培养3d～5d，形成胚胎后移植回母体子宫，着床后继续发育形成胎儿直至分娩。
请判断“试管婴儿”技术在生物学上依据的原理是：
A.有性生殖
B.无性生殖
C.克隆技术
D.基因工程12.下面哪种现象属于特异性免疫：
A.泪液中的溶菌酶可杀死沙眼衣原体
B.淋巴结内的吞噬细胞吞噬侵入人体的链球菌
C.胃液中的盐酸可杀死部分进入胃内的细菌
D.体内的天花抗体能防御天花病毒13.文艺复兴
时期人文主义思潮强调人的价值，追求个性解放，反对神学迷信，主要是因为
A.新航路的开辟打破了“天圆地方”说
B.资本主义工商业的发展突出了人的作用
C.宗教改革运动动摇了天主教会的地位
D.哥白尼“太阳中心说”的创立14.达尔文认为在生物进化过程中，新物种起源的首要因素是
A.自然选择人工选择
B.遗传变异
C.自然选择变异
D.人工选择遗传15.轿车是我国关税税率的产品，进口轿车的税率原来高达80%～100%.在高关税多年保护下的中国汽车行业，国际竞争力至今仍然比较弱。
这表明
①对于我国汽车行业来说，只有进一步提高关税，才能更好地生存和发展
②我国汽车行业应尽快通过技术和体制创新，提高自身素质
③高关税对我国汽车行业的保护有利也有弊
④高关税不利于我国引进先进技术和投资以提高自身的竞争力
A.①②③④
B.①③
C.③④
D.②③④。