徐闻中学2020届高二快班第2周周练(二)

合集下载

高二语文周周练试题及答案

高二语文周周练试题及答案

高二语文周周练试题及答案一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. 下列词语中,读音完全正确的一项是:A. 饕餮(tāo tiè)邂逅(xiè hòu)窈窕(yǎo tiǎo)B. 踌躇(chóu chú)蹉跎(cuō tuó)峥嵘(zhēng róng)C. 筵席(yán xí)蜚声(fēi shēng)逶迤(wēi yí)D. 箴言(zhēn yán)踽踽独行(jǔ jǔ dú xíng)旖旎(yǐ nǐ)2. 下列句子中,没有语病的一项是:A. 经过这次活动,使我们对传统文化有了更深刻的理解。

B. 他不仅学习优秀,而且乐于助人,深受同学们的喜爱。

C. 这本书的内容非常丰富,值得我们一读再读。

D. 由于天气原因,航班延误了,给旅客带来了不便。

3. 下列关于文学常识的表述,不正确的一项是:A. 《红楼梦》是我国古典小说的巅峰之作,作者是曹雪芹。

B. 《诗经》是我国最早的一部诗歌总集,共有305篇。

C. 鲁迅的《阿Q正传》是一篇讽刺小说,深刻揭示了当时社会的种种问题。

D. “但愿人长久,千里共婵娟”是唐代诗人杜甫的名句。

4-10. (此处省略,可根据需要添加类似题目)二、填空题(每题1分,共10分)1. “青青子衿,悠悠我心。

”出自《诗经》中的________篇。

2. 《滕王阁序》是唐代文学家________的作品。

3. “春眠不觉晓,处处闻啼鸟。

”是唐代诗人________的诗句。

4. 《水浒传》中,梁山好汉的首领是________。

5. “但愿人长久,千里共婵娟。

”出自宋代词人________的《水调歌头》。

6-10. (此处省略,可根据需要添加类似题目)三、阅读理解(共30分)阅读下面的文章,回答后面的问题。

(文章内容省略,可根据需要添加)1. 文章的中心论点是什么?请简要概括。

广东省徐闻中学2020届高二物理第二学期周练(十八)

广东省徐闻中学2020届高二物理第二学期周练(十八)

徐闻中学2020届高二物理第二学期周练(十八)(时间:90分钟 满分为100分)班级_______姓名_________ 学号________一、本题共23小题;每小题3分,共69分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,有的小题只有一个选项正确,有的小题有多个选项正确,选不全的得2分,有选错或不答的得0分.1.关于无线电波的接收,下列说法中正确的是 ( )A .当接收电路的固有频率跟接收到的电磁波频率相同时,该电磁波所带的信号就被接收了B .使接收电路中产生谐振的过程叫做调制C .收音机的调谐电路是LC 振荡回路D .从接收到的高频振荡中“检”出所携带的信号,叫做检波2.如图所示,雷达向目标发射无线电波时,在指示器的荧光屏上呈现出的二个尖形波,下列说法中正确的是 ( )A .显示的尖型波说明物体离雷达太远B .二个尖形波分别为雷达向目标发射和收到反射回来的无线电波时呈现的波形C .根据两个波的距离,可直接从荧光屏上的刻度读出障碍物的距离D .这是两个物体给雷达的信号,可直接从荧光屏上的刻度读出这两个障碍物的距离3.收音机正在收听700 kHz 的电台播音,为了改收1400 kHz 的电台,应调节收音机调谐回路的可变电容器的电容量 ( )A .减小到原来的21B .减小到原来的41C .增大到原来的2倍D .增大到原来的4倍4.关于电视信号的发射,下列说法中说法的是 ( )A .摄像管输出的电信号可以直接通过天线向外发射B .摄像管输出的电信号必须加在高频等幅振荡电流上,才能向外发射C.伴音信号和图像信号是同步向外发射的D.电视台发射的是带有信号的高频电磁波5.关于电视信号的发射,下列说法中说法的是()A.摄像管输出的电信号可以直接通过天线向外发射B.摄像管输出的电信号必须加在高频等幅振荡电流上,才能向外发射C.伴音信号和图像信号是同步向外发射的D.电视台发射的是带有信号的高频电磁波6.下列关于电视的说法正确的是()A.摄像机实际上是一种将光信号转变为电信号的装置B.电视机实际上是一种将电信号转变为光信号的装置C.摄像机拍摄的画面是不连续的 D.电视机接收的画面是连续的7.科学家发现地球大气层中的臭氧分子在不断地受到损坏,下列各项电磁波中,会因臭氧层受损而对人类的健康构成最大危害的是()A.可见光 B.紫外线 C.微波 D.γ射线8.下列关于电磁波的说法正确的是()A.红外线、紫外线、伦琴射线和γ射线在真空中的传播速度都为3×108m/s B.红外线应用在遥感技术中,是利用了它能穿透本领强的特性C.紫外线在水中的传播速度小于红外线在水中的传播速度D.日光灯是紫外线的荧光效应的应用9.下列电磁波,其衍射能力由强到弱的顺序排列正确的是()A.红外线、可见光、紫外线、γ射线 B.γ射线、可见光、红外线、无线电波C.可见光、红外线、伦琴射线、γ射线 D.伦琴射线、紫外线、可见光线、红外线10.下列电磁波入射到半径为1m的孔上,可以发生明显的衍射现象的是()A.无线电波 B.可见光 C.紫外线 D.γ射线11.下列各组电磁波中都是由原子外层电子受激发而产生的是()A .伦琴射线、紫外线、红外线B .伦琴射线、γ射线、可见光线C .绿光、红光、紫外线D .无线电波、紫光、红外线12.下列关于红外线的说法正确的是( )A .一切物体都在不停地辐射红外线B .红外线最显著的效应是热效应C .红外线有很强的荧光效应D .红外线的衍射现象很不明显13.红外线夜视仪是利用了 ( )A .红外线波长长,容易绕过障碍物的特点B .红外线热效应强的特点C .一切物体都在不停地辐射红外线的特点D .红外线是不可见光的特点14.下列关于紫外线的说法正确的是( )A .一切物体都在对外辐射紫外线B .验钞机中利用的是紫外线的荧光效应C .利用紫外线可以进行医疗消毒D .紫外线的衍射现象比红外线更明显15.关于Χ射线和γ射线的说法正确的是 ( )A .都是波长极短、频率很高的电磁波B .都是原子的内层电子受到激发后产生的C .都是原子核受激后产生的D .都是波长很长的电磁波16.关于光的反射与折射现象,下列说法正确的是( )A .光发生反射时,光的传播方向一定改变B .光发生反射时,光的传播方向可能偏转90°C .光发生折射时,一定伴随着反射D .光发生折射时,光的传播方向可能偏转90°17.一束光从空气射入某种透明液体,入射角40°,在界面上光的一部分被反射,另一部分被折射,则反射光线与折射光线的夹角是 ( )A .小于40°B .在40°与50°之间C .大于140°D .在100°与140°与间18.光线从空气射向玻璃砖,当入射光线与玻璃砖表面成30°角时,折射光线与反射光线恰好垂直,则此玻璃砖的折射率为 ( )A .2B .3C .22D .3319.一束光由空气入射入某介质,入射角为60°,其折射光线恰好与反射光线垂直,则光在该介质中的传播速度为 ( )A .2×108m/sB .3×108m/sC .23×108m/sD .33×108m/s 20.由某种透明物体制成的等腰直角棱镜ABO ,两腰都为16cm ,且两腰与Ox 和Oy 轴都重合,如图所示,从BO 边的C 点注视A 棱,发现A 棱的位置在D 点,在C 、D 两点插上大头针,测出C 点的坐标为(0,12),D 点的坐标为(9,0),则该透明物质的折射率为( )A .n =34B .n =45C .n =23D .n =6721.如图所示,两根完全相同的弹簧和一根张紧的细线将甲、乙两物块束缚在光滑水平面上,已知甲的质量大于乙的质量.当细线突然断开后,两物块都做简谐运动,在运动过程中( )A .甲的振幅大于乙的振幅B .甲的振幅小于乙的振幅C .甲的最大速度小于乙的最大速度D .甲的最大速度大于乙的最大速度22.如图所示是一列简谐横波某时刻0=t 的图象.经过s t 2.1=∆时间,恰好第三次重复出现图示的波形.根据以上信息,能确定下面的哪项?( )A .波的传播速度的大小B .s t 2.1=∆时间内质元P 经过的路程C .s t 6.0=时刻质元P 的速度方向D .s t 6.0=时刻的波形23.一列简谐波沿x 轴正方向传播,某时刻波形图如图甲所示,a 、b 、c 、d 是波传播方向上的四个振动质点的平衡位置.如再过23个周期,其中某质点继续振动的图象如图乙所示,则该质点是( )A .a 处质点B .b 处质点C .c 处质点D .d 处质点二非选择题,本题共5小题,31分.解答应写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要的演算步骤,只写出最后答案的不能得分.有数值计算的题答案中必须明确写出数值和单位.24.(8分)学校开展研究性学习,某研究性学习小组的同学根据所学的光学知识,设计了一个测量液体折射率的仪器,如图所示.在一个圆形木盘上过其圆心O 作两条相互垂直的直径BC 、EF ,在半径OA 上垂直圆盘面插下两枚大头针P 1、P 2并保持P 1、P 2的位置不变,每次测量时,让圆盘的BFC部分竖直进入液体中,而且总使得液面与直径BC 相平,EF 为界面的法线,而后在图中右上方区域观察P 1、P 2的像,并在圆周上插上大头针P 3,使P 3正好挡住P 1、P 2.同学们通过计算,预先在圆周EC 部分刻好了折射率的值。

2020年广东省徐闻中学高考物理模拟试卷(二)

2020年广东省徐闻中学高考物理模拟试卷(二)

广东省徐闻中学2020年高考模拟试卷(二)物理命题人:徐闻中学熊小勤 2020.04.8 本试卷共7页,20小题,满分150分。

考试用时120分钟。

注意事项:1.答卷前,考生首先检查答题卡是否整洁无缺损,监考教师分发的考生信息条形码是否正确;之后务必用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔在答题卡指定位置填写自己的学校、姓名和考生号,同时,将监考教师发放的条形码正向准确粘贴在答题卡的贴条形码区,请保持条形码整洁、不污损。

2.选择题每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案,答案不能答在试卷上。

不按要求填涂的,答案无效。

3.非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上,请注意每题答题空间,预先合理安排;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。

不按以上要求作答的答案无效。

4.作答选做题时,请先用2B铅笔填涂选做题的题号对应的信息点,再做答。

漏涂、错涂、多涂的答案无效。

5.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁,考试结束后,将答题卡交回。

第 I 卷(选择题共48分)一、选择题:本题共12小题,每小题4分,共48分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,至少有一个正确选项.全部选对的得4分,选不全的得2分,有选错或不答的得0分.1.下列四幅图涉及到不同的物理知识在技术上的应用,其中说法不正确的有A.斜拉桥钢索对桥塔拉力的合力是竖直向下的B.建筑物上安装的避雷针其实是引雷器C.录音机放音原理是电流的磁效应D.霍尔元件能够把磁感应强度转换为电压2、如图所示,电感线圈L的直流电阻与灯泡B的电阻相同,电源的电动势为E,且E略小于灯泡的额定电压。

则A.闭合开关的瞬间,由于L的自感作用,灯泡B可能被烧毁B.闭合开关的瞬间,即使L中电流很小,B也不会被烧毁C.闭合开关一段时间后断开开关,灯泡B会比原来更亮一些后再熄灭D.闭合开关一段时间后断开开关,灯泡B不会比原来更亮一些再熄灭3.如图所示,甲、乙两位同学做“拔河”游戏。

2020届湛江市徐闻县徐闻中学高三英语第二次联考试题及参考答案

2020届湛江市徐闻县徐闻中学高三英语第二次联考试题及参考答案

2020届湛江市徐闻县徐闻中学高三英语第二次联考试题及参考答案第一部分阅读(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AOur Teen Summer Spanish Program is two weeks of fun, educational excitement that helps students learn Spanish fast. Our Spanish summer program allows our students to learn from highly trained, certified teachers and be absorbed in the language and theculture of Costa Rica.Features include:* Intensive(强化的) daily Spanish classes* Extracurricular classes in dance, cooking, music, and handiwork* Outdoor activities including hiking, camping, rafting, and ziplining(高空滑索)* Homestay with a local Costa Rican family* Volunteer work in needy neighborhoodsOur Teaching Methods:We are proud to use TPRS---Total Physical Response Storytelling---in our curriculum. This innovative method uses strange and amusing stories to teach new vocabulary, increase fluency, and get students involved by giving them the opportunity to alter the details themselves. Because of the silliness, creativity, and repetition involved, TPRS allows students to learn easily and remember information effortlesslyMemorizing vocabulary and listening to lectures on grammar are slow, inefficient ways to learn a new language. The best way to truly learn and commit new material to memory is through conversation. In our Spanish classes, students can expect to speak up to 80% of each class. By speaking in the new language freely and consistently, students can see progress faster because they are using the new grammar and vocabulary that they have learned at the same time. This helps the brain remember the new words and grammar structures for future use, making it much easier to progress.1.What does the program do?A.It offers weekly Spanish classesB.It focuses more on outdoor activitiesC.It gives teachers a chance to receive trainingD.It provides activities about the Spanish culture2.What is the best way to learn a language according to the text?A.Memorizing a larger vocabularyB.Speaking more in the new language.C.Mastering more grammar structuresD.Writing stories to share with others3.What is the purpose of the text?A.To employexperienced Spanish teacherB.To hire foreign volunteers for a programC.To attract teen foreigners to a programD.To introduce language learning methodsBOwning a dog is associated with a significantly lower risk of heart disease and death, according to a comprehensive new study published by a team of Swedish researchers on Friday in the journal Scientific Reports.The scientists followed 3.4 million people over the course of 12 years and found that adults who lived alone and owned a dog were 33 percent less likely to die during the study than adults who lived alone without dogs. In addition, the single adults with dogs were 36 percent less likely to die from heart disease.“Dog ownership was especiallyprominentas a protective factor in persons living alone, which is a group reported previously to be at higher risk of heart disease and death than those living in a multi-person household,” Mwenya Mubanga, a Ph.D. student at Uppsala University in Uppsala, Sweden, and the lead junior author of the study, said in a statement announcing its findings. The link between dog ownership and lower mortality(死亡率)was less pronounced in adults who lived either with family members or partners, but still present, according to the study. “Perhaps a dog may stand in as an important family member in the single households,” Mubanga added. “Another interesting findingwas that owners of dogs which were intended originally for hunting were most protected.”The study, which is the largest to date on the health relations of owning a dog, suggested that some of the reasons dog owners may have a lower risk of mortality and heart disease were because dog owners walk more. “These kind of epidemiological (流行病学的)studies look for associations in large populations but do not provide answers on whether and how dogs could protect their owners from heart disease,” Tove Fall, a senior author of the study and a professor at Uppsala University, said in a statement“We know that dog owners in general have a higher level of physical activity, which could be one explanationto the observed results,” Fall added. “Other explanations include an increased well-being and social contacts or effects of the dog on the bacterial microbiome(微生物菌群) in the owner.” Fall added that because all participants of dog owners in Sweden or other “European populations with similar culture regarding dog ownership.”4. Why did the researchers do the study related to 3.4 million people’s health and the dogs?A. To help Europeans,B. To find their association.C. To protect unhealthy adults.D. To reduce risk of heart disease.5. What does the underlined word “prominent” probably mean in Para.3?A. Universal.B. Confusing.C. Appealing.D. Important6. What’s the main idea of the text?A. Adults living with dogs are less likely to die.B. Swedish people are very fond of animal pets.C. Keeping a dog is a popular and healthy hobby.D. Owning dogs reduces the risk of heart disease.7. What’s the writer’s attitude towards owning a dog?A. Positive.B. Negative.C. Objective.D. Contradictory.CAfter a year at sea, 16-year-old Laura Dekker can finally say, “Missionaccomplished!” Last month, she finished a daring trip around the world aboard her 38-foot boat, Guppy. Dekker, who is from theNetherlands, traveled more than 30,000 miles all by herself. She is the youngest person ever to sail around the globe alone.Dekker had wanted to lake on this challenge when she was even younger. She first tried to set sail at the age of 13, but a court in theNetherlandsstopped her. They said that she was too young to make such a risky trip by herself. But Dekker insisted she had the navigation skills and patience of an adult sailor.She finally took off on January 20, 2011. During her trip, Dekker battled loneliness, storms, and worries about pirates. But she also got to surf, scuba dive, and started a new hobby: playing the flute. Although Dekker didn’t spend all of her time at sea—she stopped at ports along the way—she did spend her 16lh birthday on the open ocean. To celebrate, she ate doughnuts for breakfast.But Dekker didn’t sail into the record books. Guinness World Records and the World Sailing Speed Record Council no longer recognize records for “youngest” sailors. They dropped the category in 2009 to discourage children fromattempting such dangerous feats (壮举). But that didn’t stop Dekker,who was born on a yacht during a seven-year world voyage undertaken by her parents.Dekker doesn’t mind that she won’t hold an official record. She says it was a personal goal, and she is happy she achieved it.“I am not disappointed at all that Guinness World Record won’t recognize my attempt.” Dekker wrote on her website. “I did not start on my trip to achieve any record…I did it just for myself.”8. Dekker wasn’t allowed to sail at the age of 13 because .A. people were concerned about her safetyB.she didn’t learn any sailing skills wellC. she had to continue her study at schoolD. she didn’t have enough patience for long trips9. What does the underlined word “accomplished” in Paragraph 1 mean?A. Failed.B. Completed.C. Continued.D. Started.10. In 2009 records for youngest sailors were canceled in order to .A. set a higher sailing standard for teen sailorsB. stop children entering Guinness World RecordsC. encourage parents to sail with their childrenD. prevent children making dangerous attempts11. What could be the best title for this passage?A. A New Guinness World Record in SailingB. A New Sailing Standard for Teen SailorsC. A Teen Girl Sailing Alone Aroundthe WorldD. The Youngest Sailor in Guinness World RecordsDI don’t think I can recall a time whenI wasn’t aware of the beauty of the ocean. Growing up inAustralia, I had the good fortune of having the sea at my side. The first time I went toHalfmoonBay,I suddenly had the feeling of not being able to feel the ground with my feet anymore.For my 10th birthday, my sister and I were taken out to theGreat Barrier Reef. There were fish in different color1 s, caves and layers of coral. They made such an impression on me. When I learned that only one percent ofAustralia’sCoral Seawas protected, I was shocked. Australian marine (海洋的) life is particularly important because the reefs have more marine species than any other country on earth. But sadly, only 45% of the world’s reefs are considered healthy.This statistic is depressing, so it’s important for usto do everything to protect them. The hope that theCoral Searemains a complete ecosystem has led me to take action. I’ve become involved with the Protect Our Coral Sea activity, which aims to create the largest marine park in the world. It would serve as a place where the ocean’s species will all have a safe place forever.Together, Angus and I created a little video and we hope it will inspire people to be part of the movement. Angus also shares many beautiful childhood memories of the ocean as a young boy, who grew up sailing, admiring the beauty of the ocean, and trying to find the secrets of ocean species.12. What can we learn about the author from the underlined sentence inPara. 1?A. He seldom went surfing at the sea.B. He forgot his experiences about the ocean.C. He never went back to his hometown.D. He had a wonderful impression ofHalfmoonBay.13. What is Australian marine life like according to the second paragraph?A. It is escaping from theCoral Seagradually.B. It depends on reefs for living greatly.C. It may be faced with danger.D. It is protected better than that in other oceans.14. What’s the purpose of The Protect Our Coral Sea activity?A. It is intended to contribute to a complete ecosystem.B. It is intended to prevent more marine species being endangered.C. It is intended to set up a large nature reserve for reefs.D. It is intended to raise more teenagers’ environmental awareness.15. Why do Angus and the author create a little video?A. To urge more people to take action toprotect the marine species.B. To inspire more people to explore the secret of the ocean.C. To share their childhood experiences about the ocean.D. To bring back to people their memory of ocean species.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

广东省湛江市徐闻县第二中学2020-2021学年高二物理联考试卷带解析

广东省湛江市徐闻县第二中学2020-2021学年高二物理联考试卷带解析

广东省湛江市徐闻县第二中学2020-2021学年高二物理联考试卷含解析一、选择题:本题共5小题,每小题3分,共计15分.每小题只有一个选项符合题意1. 甲乙两球在光滑水平轨道上同向运动,已知它们的动量分别是,,甲追乙并发生碰撞,碰后乙球的动量变为,则两球质量与的关系可能是A. B. C. D.参考答案:C2. 三个原子核X、Y、Z,X核放出一个正电子后变为Y核,Y核与质子发生核反应后生成Z核并放出一个氦核.则下面说法正确的是:()A.X核比Z核多一个质子B.X核比Z核少一个中子C.X核的质量数比Z核质量数大3D.X核与Z核的总电荷是Y核电荷的2倍参考答案:CD3. 如图所示,A带正电,B带负电,在库仑力作用下,它们以连线上某点O为圆心做匀速圆周运动,以下说法正确的是()A. 它们所需向心力相等B. 它们的运动半径与电荷量成反比C. 它们做圆周运动的角速度相等D. 它们的线速度与质量成正比参考答案:AC解:两个正、负点电荷,在库仑力作用下,它们以两者连线上的某一点为圆心做匀速圆周运动,它们之间的库仑力提供向心力,故它们所需的向心力相等,间距恒定,所以它们的角速度相等,故AC正确;设两电荷之间的距离为r,则有:,,解得:m A r A=m B r B,即轨道半径和质量成反比,与电荷量无关,根据v=ωr,角速度相同,故线速度与轨道半径成正比,而轨道半径和质量成反比,故线速度与质量成反比,故BD错误。

所以AC正确,BD错误。

4. 如图所示,虚线a、b、c代表静电场中的三个等势面,它们的电势分别为φa、φb和φc,φa>φb>φc。

一带正电的粒子射入电场中,其运动轨迹如图中实线KLMN所示。

由图可知()A.粒子从K到L的过程中,电场力做负功B.粒子从L到M的过程中,电场力做负功C.粒子从K到L的过程中,电势能增加D.粒子从L到M的过程中,动能增加参考答案:ACD5. 如图所示,电路中A、B是规格相同的灯泡,L是电阻可忽略不计的电感线圈,那么()A.合上S, B先亮A后亮,然后A变暗后熄灭B.合上S,B先亮,A逐渐变亮,最后A、B一样亮C.断开S,A立即熄灭,B由亮变暗后熄灭D.断开S,B立即熄灭,A闪亮一下后熄灭参考答案:D二、填空题:本题共8小题,每小题2分,共计16分6. (5分)如图所示,三个质量均为m的弹性小球用两根长均为L的轻绳连成一条直线而静止在光滑水平面上。

2020届湛江市徐闻县徐闻中学高三英语模拟试题及答案解析

2020届湛江市徐闻县徐闻中学高三英语模拟试题及答案解析

2020届湛江市徐闻县徐闻中学高三英语模拟试题及答案解析第一部分阅读(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AI once taught in a small private school. Each morning at nine o’clock all the students, ranging in age from three to seven years old, gathered in the Great Room for a warm-up in preparation for the day.One morning the headmistress made an announcement to all the children gathered,“Today we begin a great experiment of the mind.” She held up two ivy(常春藤) plants, each potted in an identical container. She continued, “Do they look the same?”All the children nodded. So did I, for, in this way, I was alsoa child.“We will give the plants the same amount of light, the same amount of water, but not the same amount of attention,” She said. “Together we are going to see what will happen when we put one plant in the kitchen away from our attention and the other plant right here in this room. Each day for the next month, we shall sing to our plant in the Great Room and tell it how much we love it, and how beautiful it is. We will use our good minds to think good thoughts about it.”Four weeks later my eyes were as wide and disbelieving as the children’s. The kitchen plant was leggy and sick-looking, and it hadn’t grown at all. But the Great Room plant, which had been sung to and surrounded by positive thoughts and words, had increased threefold in size with dark leaves that were filled with energy.In order to prove the experiment, the kitchen ivy was brought to the Great Room to join the other ivy. Within three weeks, the second plant had caught up with the first ivy. Within four weeks, they could not be distinguished, one from the other.I took this lesson to heart and made it my own.1. Why did the headmistress do the experiment?A. She wanted to teach me a lesson.B. She expected the students to learn to grow plants.C. She meant to prove the impact of good minds on growth.D. She intended to show students how to save a sick-looking plant.2. What happened to the ivy in the kitchen at last?A. It stopped growing and died.B. It was leggy and sick with dark leaves.C. It looked almost the same as the other one.D. It grew better than the one in the Great Room.3. What can be a suitable title for the passage?A. Life Means GrowthB. Things Grow with LoveC. Equality Makes a DifferenceD. Positive Thoughts Really CountBIn the Hollywood industry, most of the studios are using AI to make movies for various reasons such as getting the actors out of danger, replacing the actors indifferent scenes, forming appealing atmosphere to enhance(增强)the views, etc.Directors and producers are using VFX (Visual effects), animations and AI to makea model that looks like the actor and replaces the actor's place. In particular, AI is used in scenes where actor shave to produce certain stunts (特技)to develop setups in the studio artificially. VFX is used to later change the internal studio backgroundsto a different place in the movie.There are many movies with two characters of the same actor. When AI was not a part of the film, editors used different methods to show the two aspects of the same actor in one scene, but now AI is being used to form the second character of the same actor and is being performed to the viewers.By a perfect combination of animation, VFX and AI, realistic models are being created. And the most fun part is the fictitious character can hold the face of the actor but the age, hairstyles, and clothing can be changed to create more enhanced looks according to the movie scene and story. With the help of AI, the directors recreating appealing scenes to enhance the thrill and excitement. InJurassic Park,no dinosaurs were running but with the help of AI and visual effects, we could enjoy the scenes and the atmospheres.The directors and the producers direct to form a green screen including the obstacles and those green screens get replaced with the views that are made from AI and VFX, and the actors make the scenes alive and deliver the most suitable action-packed movie scenes. This method also enhances the viewers' experience, which makes the movie a blockbuster(大片).4. What does the author intend to tell us in paragraph 1?A. How AI helps actors.B. What AI brings to movies.C. Why AI is applied to movies.D. Where AI is made full use of.5. What can we infer from paragraph 3?A. AI can be used as an editor.B. Editors consider AI irreplaceable.C. Editors used many methods to replace AI.D. AI makes what used to be complex scenes easier.6. What's the author's attitude to using VFX, animations and AI in movies?A. Supportive.B. Sceptical.C. Unconcerned.D. Enthusiastic.7. Which of the following could be the best title for thetext?A. What AI Brings Out Hollywood MoviesB. Why AI Is Applied to Hollywood MoviesC. Which Hollywood Movies Make Much Use of AID. How AI Is Being Applied to Hollywood MoviesCIf you’ve ever had a dog, you know just how deep a connection you can develop with “man’s best friend”. But a dog has a much shorter life span — about 12 to 15 years long — than humans, which means every dog owner has to go through the heartbreaking moment when their loving pet passes away.Why not make a clone of that dog then? This is the solution offered by a South Korean company, Sooam Biotech Research Foundation. The company has successfully cloned at least 400 dogs, mostly for US customers, ever since it pioneered the technique in 2005. Now, Sooam Biotech is planning to introduce their business toUKdog owners, offering them dogs that look just like their lost ones.Meanwhile, another dog is selected to supply an egg.Researchers then replace the DNA in the egg with that from the skin cell and implant the egg into the womb (子宫) of a female dog. The egg grows into a puppy over the following two months. To clone a dog, researchers first need to take a skin cell from a living dog or one that has just died.The whole process takes less than a day, but it comes at a shockingly high price — around £63,000 (614,000 yuan). But if you can’t afford it now, you can also save the cells in a laboratory and access them at a later date. Justlike identical twins of humans, they share the exact same DNA but there will still be small differences between them. “The spots on a Dalmatian clone will be different, for example,” Insung Hwang, head of Sooam Biotech, toldThe Guardian. However, as magical as cloning might sound, there is no guarantee that the cloned dog will be a perfect replica of the original one.Dog owners will also have to accept the fact that personality is not “clone-able”. Apart from genes, personality is also determined by upbringing and environment, which are both “random elements [that] cloning technologies simply cannot overcome”, Professor Tom Kirkwood atNewcastle University,UK, toldThe Telegraph.Perhaps bringing our dogs back with cloning is not the best way to remember them after all.Kirkwood, a dog owner himself, pointed out: “An important aspect of our relationship with them is coming to terms with the pain of letting go.”8. According to the article, Sooam Biotech Research Foundation is ______.A. working on plans to help dog owners enjoy their pets longerB. offering a way to help dogs give birth to more puppiesC. providing a service that will make copies of pet dogsD. introducing a completely new technique to clone dogs9. Which of the following statements about dog cloning is TRUE according to the article?A. Dog cloning technology hadn’t been put into practice until recently.B. Dog cloning is very expensive and usually takes several months to complete.C. Dog cloning is very popular among US andUKpet owners.D. Cloned dogs might develop different habits and characteristics even though they look very similar.10. Which of the following shows the correct order of the dog cloning process?a. an egg is taken from another dogb. a skin cell is taken from the pet dog and saved in a laboratoryc. the egg is placed in the womb of a female dogd. the DNA of the egg is replaced by the DNA from the skin celle. the egg grows into a puppy in two monthsA. acbde.B. adbce.C. bacde.D. badce.11. We can learn from the article thatKirkwood______ dog cloning.A. disapproves ofB. supportsC. is afraid ofD. is curious aboutDAt any moment, about half the world’s population is wearing denim(牛仔布)clothes. But few realize tiny bits of denim have been adding up to a surprising amount of pollution in water, as a new study shows.Sam Athey, one of the study’s authors, says, “Even though denim is made of a natural material—cotton, it contains chemicals.” Cotton fibers were treated with many types of chemicals, she notes. Some improve its durability and feel. Others give denim its distinctive blue color1 .Athey and her team washed jeans and found that about 50,000 microfibers came off from each pair per wash. Not all of those fibers make their way into the environment. Wastewater treatment plants catch about 83 to 99 percent ofthem. Catching 99 percent may sound pretty good. But one percent of 50,000 is still 500 fibers per wash. And since every pair of jeans is washed again and again, it still adds up to lots of microfibers entering the water environment.Denim microfibers showed up in sediment(沉淀物)from the Great Lakes. More of these fibers polluted a series of shallow lakesin southern Ontario. They even turned up in sediment from the Arctic Ocean in northern Canada. The team found denim accounted for 12 to 23 percent of microfibers in the sediment. There were other microfibers too. But the team focused on denim because so many people wear jeans.“Everyone wears jeans so they could be our largest input of microfibers into our streams and soils,” Athey says. “An easy way to limit that is by washing our jeans less often.” Athey grew up thinking she should wash her jeans after wearing them every couple of times, but most jean companies recommend washing them no more than once a month. “The solution is not that you shouldn’t wear jeans,” she says. “We need to buy fewer denim clothes and only wash them when they truly need it.”12. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Chemicals are contained in natural cotton.B. Chemicals can make denim color1 ful.C. Chemicals prevent fibers from falling.D. Chemicals can make the life of denim longer.13. What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. Denim.B. Sediment.C. Microfibers.D. Chemicals.14. What does the author mainly want to tell us through Athey’s words ?A. To avoid wearing jeans.B. To reduce denim consumption.C. To wash jeans more often.D. To limit input in denim production.15. In which section of a magazine might the text be found?A. Science.B. Entertainment.C. Tourism.D. Geography.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

广东省湛江市徐闻县第二中学2020年高二数学理上学期期末试题含解析

广东省湛江市徐闻县第二中学2020年高二数学理上学期期末试题含解析

广东省湛江市徐闻县第二中学2020年高二数学理上学期期末试题含解析一、选择题:本大题共10小题,每小题5分,共50分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有是一个符合题目要求的1. 设集合则中的元素的个数是A. 10B. 11C. 15D. 16参考答案:D 解析:2. 若如图所示的程序框图的输出结果为二进制数化为十进制数(注:),那么处理框①内可填入()A. B. C. D.参考答案:D【分析】由二进制数化为十进制数,得出,得到运行程序框输出的结果,验证答案,即可求解. 【详解】由题意,二进制数化为十进制数,即运行程序框输出的结果为21,经验证可得,处理框内可填入,故选D. 【点睛】本题主要考查了二进制与十进制的转化,以及循环结构的程序框图的计算与输出,着重考查了推理与运算能力,属于基础题.3. 如图,正方体的棱线长为1,线段上有两个动点E,F,且,则下列结论中错误的是 ( )A.B.C.三棱锥的体积为定值D.异面直线所成的角为定值参考答案:D4. 抛物线的焦点到准线的距离是A. B.C. D.参考答案:D5. 已知定义在R上的函数满足:,,则方程在区间上的所有实根之和为 ( )A. B.C.D.参考答案:B6. 已知焦点在y轴的椭圆的离心率为,则m=()A. 3B. 3或C.D.参考答案:A7. 在数列中,等于()A. B. C. D.参考答案:C略8. 已知双曲线的一条渐近线的倾斜角为,则双曲线的离心率为()A. B. C. D. 2参考答案:A【分析】求出双曲线的渐进线方程,可得到值,再由的关系和离心率公式,即可得到答案。

【详解】双曲线的一条渐近线的倾斜角为,则,所以该条渐近线方程为;所以,解得;所以,所以双曲线的离心率为.故选:A.【点睛】本题考查双曲线的方程与性质,考查离心率的求法,考查学生基本的运算能力,属于基础题,9. 已知双曲线的离心率是2,则m=()A、3B、-3C、9 D、-9参考答案:D略10. 在等比数列中,则( )(A) (B)(C) C (D)参考答案:A二、填空题:本大题共7小题,每小题4分,共28分11. 已知等比数列{a n}满足a2a5=2a3,且成等差数列,则a1?a2?…?a n 的值为.参考答案:2【考点】8M :等差数列与等比数列的综合.【分析】等比数列{a n }的公比设为q ,运用等比数列的通项公式和等差数列中项的性质,解方程可得公比q ,可得等比数列的通项公式,再由指数的运算性质和等差数列的求和公式,计算即可得到所求.【解答】解:等比数列{a n }的公比设为q , a 2a 5=2a 3,且成等差数列,可得a 12q 5=2a 1q 2,化为a 1q 3=2, 即a 4=2, 又a 4+2a 7=,解得a 7=,即有q 3==,可得q=,则a n =a 4q n ﹣4=2?()n ﹣4=25﹣n , 则a 1?a 2?…?a n =24?23…25﹣n=24+3+…+5﹣n =2. 故答案为:2.12. 函数y=cos(x+)的最小正周期是.参考答案:313.某单位有职工52人,现将所有职工按l 、2、3、…、52随机编号,若采用系统抽样的方法抽取一个容量为4的样本,已知5号、31号、44号职工在样本中,则样本中还有一个职工的编号是 ▲参考答案:18号 略14. 已知直线和直线与两坐标轴围成一个四边形,则使得这个四边形面积最小的值为 . 参考答案:15. 过曲线上一点作其切线,则切线的方程是____________参考答案:或略16. 已知是纯虚数,是实数,则参考答案:略17. 如图,四边形ABCD 中,∠ABC=∠C=120°,AB=4,BC=CD=2,则该四边形的面积是.参考答案:【考点】HP :正弦定理.【分析】由已知利用余弦定理可求BD ,进而利用三角形面积公式可求S △ABD 和S △BCD ,从而求得四边形的面积.【解答】解:∵∠ABC=∠C=120°,AB=4,BC=CD=2, ∴在△BCD 中,BD===2,∴S△ABD=AB?BD?sin==4,S△BCD===,∴四边形的面积S=S△ABD+S△BCD=4=5.故答案为:.三、解答题:本大题共5小题,共72分。

2020-2021学年徐闻县第二中学高三英语二模试题及参考答案

2020-2021学年徐闻县第二中学高三英语二模试题及参考答案

2020-2021学年徐闻县第二中学高三英语二模试题及参考答案第一部分阅读(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AWhen the weather is bad or when the flu breaks out, we can let the kids do some fun things at home, which can be beneficial to kids.Reading out loudIf your children are young enough, don't forget to read books to them out loud! Few children dislikehaving a good book read to them, and it's great for the development of their brains. However, if your children are a bit older and have moved onto more advanced books, there is always the choice of listening to an audiobook. This can also be done while they're doing something else.Playing board gamesMaybe your children's table is full of board games, which have been forgotten for a long time. It's a good time to bring them out when playing outside is no longer a choice. Surely, playing board games is a great way to connect with children. In addition, many board games are designed to get children thinking!Having a dance partyConsidering that all you need is a speaker or maybe just a phone, you can have a dance party wherever you are! This is a great way to get kids’ bodies moving when they are inside. Play some of your children's favorite music and let them dance to it. Not only is it good exercise, but it will help your children feel time is flying!Doing jigsaw (拼图) puzzlesFor most people that have children, it's common to have at least one jigsaw puzzle at home. Jigsaw puzzles are great because everyone can do them on their own time. Besides, your whole family will have a sense of achievement when everyone is smiling over the finished product.1. What do reading out loud and playing board games have in common?A. They both develop children's team spirit.B. They both improve children's listening ability.C. They both do good to children's thinking ability.D. They both focus on interaction between children.2. Which of the following combines exercise and music?A. Reading out loud.B. Playing board games.C. Doing jigsaw puzzles.D. Having a dance party.3. What is the purpose of the text?A. To list four interesting children's parties.B. To recommend four children's favorite books.C. To introduce some activities for children inside.D. To show some funny things for children outside.BAs an old saying inChinagoes, “The days of the Sanjiu periodare the coldest days.” “Sanjiu period” , which is in Minor Cold, refers to the third nine-day period (the l9th to the 27th day) after the day of the Winter Solstice(冬至). There are many different customs related to Minor Cold inChina.Eating hotpotDuringMinor Cold people should eat some hot food to benefit the body and defend against the cold weather. Winter is the best time to have hotpot and braised mutton with soy sauce. But it is important to notice that too much spicy food may cause health problems.Eating huangyacaiInTianjin, there is a custom to have huangyacai, a kind of Chinese cabbage, during Minor Cold. There are large amounts of vitamins A and B in huangyacai. As huangyacai is fresh and tender, it is fit for frying, roasting and braising.Eating glutinous rice (糯米饭)According to tradition, the Cantonese eat glutinous rice in the morning during Minor Cold. Cantonese people add some fried preserved pork, sausages and peanuts and mix them into the rice.Eating vegetable riceIn ancient times, people inNanjingtook Minor Cold quite seriously, but as time went by, the celebration of Minor Cold gradually disappeared. However, the custom of eating vegetable rice is still followed today. The rice is steamed and is unspeakably delicious. Among the ingredients (原料), aijiaohuang (a kind of green vegetable), sausages and salted duck are the specialties in Nanjing.4. What do we know about Minor Cold?A. It refers to the Winter Solstice.B. The Sanjiu period is in this period.C. It lasts twenty-seven days.D. It marks the first day of winter.5. What is a special custom in Tianjin in Minor Cold?A. Eating hotpot.B. Having vitamin A and B pills.C. Having huangyacai.D. Buying cabbage.6. How do the Cantonese eat glutinous rice?A. They fry and toast it.B. They eatit for dinner.C. They mix it with many other things.D. They steam it with soy sauce.7. This text may be taken from the ________ column (栏目) of a newspaper.A. travelB. cultureC. fashionD. scienceCVolunteer DayWhat better way is there to enjoy your own hobbies while helping others at the same time? Come to Volunteer Day and choose which activity you’d like to join for the day. See below for a schedule of events on Volunteer Day.Volunteer Day schedule:7:30am.: Meet at the Community (社区) Center for juice and bagels.8:00—8:30 a.m.: Choose which activity you’d like to help with for the day.8:30 a.m.: Board the bus to your activity site.9:00 a.m.—3:30 p.m.: Work as a volunteer.3:30 p.m.: Board the bus that will take you back to the Community Center.See below for a list of volunteer opportunities for Volunteer Day so you can begin thinking about which activity you might want to join.A list of volunteer activities:Paint houses: Do you enjoy making art? If so, this volunteer opportunity might be just right for you! Happy Homes is a local organization that provides home repairs for needy people in the form of painting. For elderly or physically disabled people who cannot do repairs to their homes, Happy Homes provides volunteer painters to repaint old homes; outside or in. Happy Homes also provides painters to create beautiful wall paintings insideschools or community centers.Plant flowers: Do you enjoy being outside in nature? City Parks Association has many great opportunities for people who love to be outdoors. Help plant flowers and bushes in city parks; help lay paths at Cave Springs Park, or help pick up rubbish around the river banks. These activities are very active, so remember to be prepared with plenty of drinking water!Read to children: Do you enjoy working with young children? Do you like books? Love and Learning is an organization that provides volunteers to help children with learning disabilities. Read books out loud to groups of children four to six years old, or read one-on-one with struggling readers seven to eight years old.Play with animals: Do you love animals? Lovely Friends is an organization that visits local animal shelters and provides volunteers to spend time with the animals while their cages are being cleaned. Play with puppies, snuggle with cats, or hand-feed rabbits.8. At what time do volunteers leave for their activity sites?A. 7:30 a.m..B. 8:00 a.m.C. 8:30 a.m.D. 9:00 a.m.9. An outdoor lover probably takes part in ______.A. Plant flowersB. Paint housesC. Read to childrenD. Play with animals10. What do Lovely Friends volunteers do?A. Read books to children.B. Spend time with animals.C. Help plant bushes in parks.D. Pick up garbage along the river.11. The purpose of the passage is to _________.A. educate childrenB. attract volunteersC. comfort the elderlyD. encourage the disabledDKamikatsu, a small town in Japan, has shown the world that our garbage has far-reaching effects, and not just on our environment.Theexperiment in going zero waste started when the town built a new incinerator 20 years ago. But almost immediately, the incinerator was determined to be a health risk due to the poisonous gases when garbage was burned in it. It was too expensive to send waste to other towns, so locals had to come up with a new plan. Then the Zero Waste Academy was born, which helped perform this plan.Now Kamikatsu people separate their waste into 45 different categories. But in the beginning, it wasn't easy to convince local people to do all this work, and there was somepushback. Only after that initial education period did most residents come on board.This is all great news for waste reduction of course, but it has also had some unexpected social benefits as well. Like much of Japan, Kamikatsu's population is aging, and about 50 percent of the locals are elderly. The fact that the whole community takes their trash in to be recycled has created a local action and interaction between generations.That idea has been purposefully expanded to include a circular shop where household goods are dropped off and others can take them, and a tableware "library" where people can borrow extra cups, glasses, silverware and plates for celebrations."The elderly see this not as a waste-collection service, but an opportunity to socialize with the younger generation and to chat. When we visit them, they prepare lots of food and we stay with them for a while, we ask how they are," Sakano, the founder of the Zero Waste Academy, said.Sakano's ideas are truly revolutionary if you think about it. She's proving that community can be found through handling the stuff we no longer want and need.12. What is mainly talked about in paragraph 2?A. What harmful effects garbage burning has.B. Why garbage sorting is necessary in Japan.C. How the idea of zero waste was put forward.D. What the Zero Waste Academy functions as.13. What does the underlined word "pushback" probably mean?A. Inactive response.B. Generous reward.C. Bitter suffering.D. Beneficial guidance.14. What is a bonus of the zero waste project?A. Reducing waste.B. Creating community.C. Increasing people's income.D. Developing a new technology.15. Which part of a newspaper is this text most likely from?A. Technology.B. Health.C. Workplace.D. Lifestyle.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

徐闻中学2020届高二快班第2周周练(二)一、选择题1、如图所示,两个电阻串联后接在电路中a、b两点,已知a、b两点间电压不变.某同学把一个实验室里的电压表并联在R1两端时,读数为5 V;将该电压表并联在R2两端时,读数为4 V,则a、b两点间电压()A、大于9 VB、等于9 VC、小于9 VD、无法确定2、如图所示,一只玩具电动机用一节干电池供电,闭合开关S后,发现电动机转速较慢,经检测,电动机性能完好;用电压表测a与b间电压,只有0.6 V;断开开关S,测得a与b间电压接近1.5 V,电动机转速较慢的原因是()A、开关S接触不良B、电动机接线接触不良C、电动机两端接线短路D、电池过旧,内阻过大3、如图所示电路中,电源电动势E恒定,内阻r=1 Ω,定值电阻R3=5 Ω,当电键K断开与闭合时,ab 段电路消耗的电功率相等,则下列说法中正确的是()A、电阻R1、R2可能分别为4 Ω、5 ΩB、电阻R1、R2可能分别为3 Ω、6 ΩC、电键K断开时电压表的示数一定大于K闭合时的示数D、电键K断开与闭合时电压表的示数变化量大小与电流表的示数变化量大小之比一定等于6 Ω4、如图为实用型高温超导电缆,利用超导电缆可实现无损耗输电.现有一直流电路,输电线的总电阻为0.4 Ω,它提供给用电器的电功率为40 kW,电压为800 V。

若用临界温度以下的超导体电缆替代原来的输电线,保持供给用电器的功率和电压不变,那么节约的电功率为()A、1 kWB、10 kWC、1.6 kWD、1.6×103 kW5、在如图所示电路中,电源内阻不可忽略.R1和R2为定值电阻,R为滑动变阻器,在R的滑动触头向上滑动的过程中()A、电压表与电流表的示数都减小B、电压表与电流表的示数都增大C、定值电阻R1电功率增大D、R中电流变化的绝对值大于电流表读数变化的绝对值6、“神舟九号”飞船于2012年6月16日发射成功.它是中国航天计划中的一艘载人宇宙飞船,是神舟号系列飞船之一.“神舟飞船”上的太阳能电池是依靠光伏效应设计的单晶硅太阳能电池.在正常照射下,太阳能电池的光电转换效率可达24%.单片单晶硅太阳能电池可产生0.6 V的电动势,可获得0.1 A的电流,则每秒照射到这种太阳能电池上的太阳光的能量是()A、0.24 JB、0.25 JC、0.26 JD、0.28 J7、一辆电动观光车蓄电池的电动势为E,内阻不计,当空载的电动观光车以大小为v的速度匀速行驶时,流过电动机的电流为I,电动车的质量为m,电动车受到的阻力是车重的k倍,忽略电动观光车内部的摩擦,则()A 、电动机的内阻为R =E IC 、如果电动机突然被卡住而停止转动,则电源消耗的功率将变大 B 、电动机的内阻为R =E I -kmg v I 2D 、如果电动机突然被卡住而停止转动,则电源消耗的功率将变小8、如图所示电路,电源电动势为E ,内阻为r ,R t 为光敏电阻(光照强度增加时,其电阻值减小).现增加光照强度,则下列判断正确的是( )A 、B 灯变暗,A 灯变亮B 、R 0两端电压变大C 、电源路端电压不变D 、电源总功率不变9、如图虚线框内为高温超导限流器,它由超导部件和限流电阻并联组成.超导部件有一个超导临界电流I c ,当通过限流器的电流I>I c 时,将造成超导体失超,从超导态(电阻为零,即R 1=0)转变为正常态(一个纯电阻,且R 1=3 Ω),以此来限制电力系统的故障电流.已知超导临界电流I c =1.2 A ,限流电阻R 2=6 Ω,小灯泡L 上标有“6 V 6 W ”的字样,电源电动势E =8 V ,内阻r =2 Ω.原来电路正常工作,超导部件处于超导态,灯泡L 正常发光,现L 突然发生短路,则( )A 、灯泡L 短路前通过R 2的电流为47A B 、灯泡L 短路后超导部件将由超导状态转化为正常态C 、灯泡L 短路后通过R 1的电流为4 AD 、灯泡L 短路后通过R 2的电流为23A 10、如图所示为两电源的U -I 图象,则下列说法正确的是( )A 、电源①的电动势比电源②的大,内阻比电源②的内阻小B 、当外接同样的电阻时,两电源的输出功率可能相等C 、当外接同样的电阻时,两电源的效率可能相等D 、不论外接多大的相同电阻,电源①的输出功率总比电源②的输出功率大11、电路图如图所示,电流表和电压表均为理想电表,R 1为光敏电阻,当R 2的滑动触头P 在中间时闭合开关S ,此时电流表和电压表的示数分别为I 和U ,以下说法正确的是( )A 、保持光照强度不变,将R 2的滑动触头P 向b 端滑动,则R 3消耗的功率变大B 、保持滑动触头P 不动,让光敏电阻周围光线变暗,则电容器极板间场强增大C 、滑动触头向a 端滑动,用更强的光照射R 1,电压表示数变小D 、保持滑动触头不动,用更强的光照射R 1,则U 的变化量的绝对值与I 的变化量的绝对值的比值变小12、如图所示,甲、乙两电路中电源完全相同,内阻不能忽略,电阻R 1>R 2.图中电压表为理想电表.当在两电路中通过相同的电量q 的过程中,下列关于两电路的比较,正确的是 ( )A 、R 1上产生的热量比R 2上产生的热量多B 、电源内部产生热量较多的是甲电路C 、电压表V 1示数大于电压表V 2示数D 、甲、乙两电路电源输出功率可能相等二、实验题13、用伏安法测电阻时,由于电压表、电流表内阻的影响,测量结果总存在系统误差.按下图甲所示的电路进行测量,可以消除这种系统误差.(1)该实验的第一步是:闭合开关S1,将开关S2接2,调节滑动变阻器R P和r,使电压表读数尽量接近满量程,读出这时电压表和电流表的示数U1,I1;请你接着写出第二步,并说明需要记录的数据:___________.(2)由以上记录数据计算被测电阻R x的表达式是R x=________.(3)将图乙中给出的仪器按照电路图的要求连接起来.14、2010年暑假期间,某学校课题研究小组为了撰写关于未知材料电阻率的实践报告,设计了一个测量电阻率(被测电阻丝的阻值约为25 Ω)的实验方案,可提供的器材有:A、电流表G,内阻R g=120 Ω,满偏电流I g=3 mAB、电流表A,内阻约为0.2 Ω,量程为0~0.6 AC、螺旋测微器D、电阻箱R0(0~9999 Ω,0.5 A)E、滑动变阻器R(5 Ω,1 A)F、干电池组(3 V,0.05 Ω)G、一个开关和导线若干他进行了以下操作:(1)用螺旋测微器测量电阻丝的直径,其示数部分如图甲所示,则该次测量测得直径d=________mm;(2)把电流表G与电阻箱串联改装成电压表使用,最大测量电压为3 V,则电阻箱的阻值应调为R0=____ _Ω;(3)请用改造完的电压表设计一个测量电阻率的实验电路,根据提供的器材和实验需要,请将图乙中电路图补画完整;(4)实验数据的测量与电阻率的计算:如果电阻丝的长度用L表示,电路闭合后,调节滑动变阻器的滑片到合适位置,电流表G的示数为I1,电流表A的示数为I2,写出计算电阻率的表达式ρ=________.15、某同学设计用伏安法测量一节干电池的电动势E和内电阻r.除待测干电池外,实验室可供选择的主要器材有:A、电流表G:测量范围0~10 mA,内电阻未知;B、电流表A:测量范围0~0.5 A,内电阻很小;C、电阻箱R0:电阻变化范围0~999.9 Ω,最小精度0.1 Ω;D、滑动变阻器R:电阻变化范围0~20 Ω;E、开关一个、导线若干.(1)实验中,首先需将电流表G改装成电压表.该同学采用图1所示的电路测定电流表G的内阻,其主要实验步骤如下,请完成步骤中的填空:①将R0调到某一设定值,滑动变阻器R的滑动触头移到________(选填“左端”、“右端”或“任意”)位置,然后闭合开关;②多次改变R0的大小,反复调节滑动变阻器的滑动触头位置,发现当R0=5.0 Ω时,电流表G的示数为10.0 mA,电流表A的示数为0.210 A,则电流表G的内电阻为________Ω;③拆开电路,采用电阻箱R0与电流表G串联的方式,将电流表G改装成量程为2 V的电压表V,则R0的值应调为________Ω.(2)用改装成的电压表V和电流表A,采用图2的电路测量电源的电动势和内电阻.根据电压表V的示数U与电流表A的示数I,经描点、连线得到U-I图象如图3所示.根据图象可求得该干电池的电动势E=________V;内电阻r=________Ω.(保留三位有效数字)三、计算题16、在如图所示的电路中,R1=2Ω,R2=R3=4 Ω,当开关K接a时,R2上消耗的电功率为4 W,当开关K接b时,电压表示数为4.5 V.试求:(1)当开关K接a时,通过电源的电流和电源两端的电压;(2)电源的电动势和内电阻;(3)当开关K接c时,通过R2的电流.17、如图所示的电路中,两平行金属板A、B水平放置,两板间的距离d=40 cm.电源电动势E=24 V,内电阻r=1 Ω,电阻R=15 Ω.闭合开关S,待电路稳定后,将一带正电的小球从B板小孔以初速度v0=4 m/s 竖直向上射入板间.若小球带电荷量为q=1×10-2 C,质量为m=2×10-2 kg,不考虑空气阻力.那么,滑动变阻器接入电路的阻值为多大时,小球恰能到达A板?此时电源的输出功率是多少?(取g=10 m/s2)徐闻中学2020届高二快班第2周周练(二)答案1、解析:将电压表并联在a 、b 两端时,并联电阻小于R 1,R 1两端的电压小于不接电压表时的值,即R 1两端的实际电压大于5 V ,同理,R 2两端的电压大于4 V ,所以a 、b 两点间电压大于9 V ,选项A 正确.2、解析:本题考查了电源的电动势和内阻等知识.开关S 接触不良、电动机接线接触不良、电动机两端接线短路,电动机就不会旋转了,而不是转得慢.电动机转得慢的原因是电池过旧,内阻过大,电动机两端的电压过低造成的,D 正确.本题难度中等. 答案:D3、解析:由于K 断开前后,ab 段消耗的电动率相等,据P =U 2R 知,C 正确;根据P =E 2R 2总·R 知,R 1、R 2的阻值为4 Ω、5 Ω,A 正确、B 错误;根据闭合电路欧姆定律E =U +I (r +R 3),K 断开前后ΔU ΔI=r +R 3,故D 对. 答案:ACD4、解析:输电导线上的输电电流为I =P U =40×103 W 800 V=50 A ,则输电线上损失的电功率为P ′=I 2R =502×0.4 W =1000 W ,A 正确. 答案:A5、解析:R 的滑动触头向上滑动的过程中,连入电路中的R 阻值减小,整个电路的总电阻减小,电路中的总电流I 增大,路端电压U =E -Ir 减小,即电压表的示数减小,I 增大R 1两端电压增大,路端电压减小,则R 2两端电压减小,R 2中的电流减小,即电流表示数减小,A 正确、B 错误;由于R 1的电流增大,其电功率增大,故C 正确;由于干路电流增大,而电流表中的电流减小,故R 中电流变化的绝对值大于电流表读数变化的绝对值,D 正确. 答案:ACD6、解析:根据W =UIt 可得,每秒单片单晶硅太阳能电池产生的能量为W =0.6×0.1×1 J =0.06 J ,设太阳每秒照射到该电池上的能量为Q ,则由能量守恒定律得Q ×24%=W ,所以Q =0.25 J ,故答案为B.7、解析:根据能的转化与守恒定律,EI =I 2R +kmg v ,所以电动机的内阻为R =E I -kmg v I 2,B 正确;当电动机突然被卡住而停止转动时,变成了纯电阻电路,回路中的电流变大,故电源消耗的功率P =EI 将变大,所以C 正确. 答案:BC8、解析:光照强度增大,光敏电阻的阻值减小,全电路的总电阻减小,总电流变大,电源的总功率P =EI 变大,路端电压变小,A 灯变暗,C 、D 错误;因总电流增大,A 灯的电流减小,故流过R 0的电流变大,R 0两端的电压变大,B 正确;B 灯泡的电压因路端电压减小、R 0两端的电压变大而减小,B 灯变暗,A 错误. 答案:B9、解析:在灯泡短路前,超导部件R 1处于超导态,限流电阻R 2被短路,通过R 2的电流为0,A 选项错误;当灯泡短路后,假设超导部件R 1仍处于超导态,则通过R 1的电流为I =E r=4 A ,此时I >I c 可知假设不成立,超导部件R 1由超导状态转为正常态,此时通过R 1的电流大小为I 1=23×E r +R 1R 2R 1+R 2=43 A ,通过R 2的电流大小为I 2=13×E r +R 1R 2R 1+R 2=23 A ,BD 选项正确,C 选项错误. 答案:BD10、解析:图线在U 坐标轴上的截距等于电源电动势,图线的斜率等于电源的内阻,因此选项A 错误;作外接电阻R 的伏安特性曲线分别交电源①②的伏安特性曲线于S 1、S 2两点,工作点横、纵坐标的乘积IU =P 为电源的输出功率,由图可知,无论外接多大电阻,两工作点S 1、S 2横、纵坐标的乘积不可能相等,且电源①的输出功率总比电源②的输出功率大,故选项B 错误,D 正确;电源的效率η=P 出P 总=I 2R I 2(R +r )=R R +r,因此电源内阻不同则电源效率不同,选项C 错误. 答案:D11、解析:根据电路图可知,电阻R 3和R 1串联后组成电源的外电路,电压表测量路端电压,电流表测量干路电流,而平行板电容器两极板间的电压等于R 1两端电压,考虑到是直流电源,所以当电路稳定时,电容器可以看做是断开的,滑动变阻器的滑片左右移动也不能改变电路中的电流或电压;光照强度不变,R 1的阻值不变,干路电流也就不变,所以R 3消耗的功率不变,A 项错误;当光照减弱时,R 1的阻值增大,R 1两端电压也增大,电容器两板间电压增大,因为两板间距不变,所以板间场强增大,B 项正确;增强光照,R 1的阻值变小,干路电流变大,路端电压变小,所以电压表示数变小,C 项正确;U 的变化量的绝对值与I 的变化量的绝对值的比值等于电源内阻r 和R 3的阻值之和是定值,D 项错误. 答案:BC12、解析:由焦耳定律可得Q =I 2Rt =It ×IR =qU ,由于两电路电源相同且R 1>R 2,由串联分压与电阻成正比,得U 1>U 2,所以Q 1>Q 2,AC 正确;电源内部产生的热量Q r =I 2rt =It ×Ir =q (E -U ),由于U 1>U 2,故Q r 1<Q r 2,B 错误;由于电源的内阻与负载电阻的大小关系未知,甲、乙两电路电源输出功率可能相等,D 正确. 答案:ACD二、实验题13、解析:本题考查伏安法测电阻及实物连线.难度中等.依题意做完第一步后,根据读数结合部分电路欧姆定律的知识可求得:U 1I 1=R x +R A +R P ;第二步将开关S 2接1,读出这时电压表和电流表的示数U 2,I 2,目的是求出R A +R P ;(2)由U 1I 1=R x +R A +R P ,结合第二步可求U 2I 2=R A +R P ,联立解得R x =U 1I 1-U 2I 2. 答案:(1)保持R P 不变,将开关S 2接1,调节变阻器r ,使指针偏转尽可能大,读出这时电压表和电流表的示数U 2,I 2 (2)U 1I 1-U 2I 2(3)图略 14、解析:(1)固定部分的读数0,可动部分的读数为26.7×0.01 mm =0.267 mm ,所以读数为0.267 mm.(2)由电压表改装原理知R 0=U I g-R g =880 Ω. (3)由于电流表内阻较小,所以用内接法,为了测量方便,滑动变阻器采用分压式接法,电路图如图所示(见答案).(4)由电路接法知I 1(R g +R 0)R =I 2,R =ρL πd 24,联立得ρ=πd 2I 1(R g +R 0)4LI 2. 答案:(1)0.267(0.265~0.268)(2)880 (3)如图所示 (4)πd 2I 1(R g +R 0)4LI 215、解析:(1) ①根据安全的原则,闭合开关前,应将滑动触头滑到左端,以保证测量电路部分的电压和电流最小,电表不会因电压和电流过大而被烧坏;②依题意知,通过R 0的电流为IR 0=I A -I g =0.200 A ,有UR 0=IR 0R 0=1.0 V ,则R g =UR 0I g =1.00.01 Ω=100 Ω;③改装后的电压表总内阻R V = 2 V 0.01 A=200 Ω,则R 0=R V -R g =200 Ω-100 Ω=100 Ω.(2)根据实验原理,电源的伏安特性图线的纵截距为电源的电动势,可从图中读出为1.46 V(或1.47 V),电源内电阻为图线斜率的绝对值,即r =|ΔU ΔI |=1.46-1.00.5Ω=0.920 Ω. 答案:(1)①左端;②100;③100 (2)1.46(1.47);0.920(0.940)三、计算题(本题共2小题,共21分)16、解析:(1)当K 接a 时,R 1被短路,外电阻为R 2,根据电功率公式可得通过电源的电流I 1=P R 2=1 A 电源两端的电压U 1=PR 2=4 V(2)当K 接a 时,有E =U 1+I 1r =4+r ①当K 接b 时,R 1和R 2串联,R 外=R 1+R 2=6 Ω通过电源的电流I 2=U 2R 1+R 2=0.75 A 这时有:E =U 2+I 2r =4.5+0.75r ②解①②式得:E =6 V ,r =2 Ω(3)当K 接c 时,R 总=R 1+r +R 23=6 Ω总电流I 3=E /R 总=1 A通过R 2的电流I ′=12I 3=0.5 A. 答案:1 A 4 V (2)6 V 2 Ω (3)0.5 A17、解析:小球进入板间后,受重力和电场力作用,且到达A 板时速度为零.设两板间电压为U AB ,由动能定理得-mgd -qU AB =0-12m v 20 解得U AB =8 V滑动变阻器两端的电压U 滑=U AB =8 V设通过滑动变阻器的电流为I ,由欧姆定律得I =E -U 滑R +r=1 A 滑动变阻器接入的电路R 滑=U 滑I =8 Ω 电源的输出功率P 出=I 2(R +R 滑)=23 W. 答案:8 Ω 23 W。

相关文档
最新文档