GQS01-QSB中文版-风险降低

Quality Systems Basics 质量体系基础
November 2006 Revision 2006年11月版
This presentation was developed by General Motors Corporation Worldwide Purchasing. All rights reserved. No part of this material may be reproduced in any form, or by any method, for any purpose, without written permission of General Motors Worldwide Purchasing.
Effect Hazardous without warning Hazardous with warning Very High
Ranking 10
9
8
High
Vehicle/item operable but at a reduced level of performance. Customer very dissatisfied.
FR&PS NCM VS LPA EPV WPO SWI (SOS) OI (JES) SOT(JIT) Risk Reduct Contam SCM
QSB WORKSHOP REV. 111406
1
General Motors Corporation. All rights reserved.
降低风险的程序
(AIAG PFMEA Third Edition)
FR&PS NCM VS LPA EPV WPO SWI (SOS) OI (JES) SOT(JIT)
Risk Reduct
Contam
SCM
QSB WORKSHOP REV. 111406
5
General Motors Corporation. All rights reserved.
7
Moderate
Vehicle/item operable but Comfort/Convenience inoperable. Customer Dissatisfied.
item(s)
6
Low
Vehicle/Item operable but Comfort/Convenience item(s) operable but at a reduced level of performance. Fit and Finish/Squeak and Rattle item does not conform. Defect noticed by most customers (greater than 75%). Fit and Finish/Squeak and Rattle item does not conform. Defect noticed by 50% of customers. Fit and Finish/Squeak and Rattle item does not conform. Defect noticed by discriminating customers (less than 25%. No discernible effect.
过程失效模式及效果分析
定 义
• 是一个格式化程序，用以识别和消除潜在失效模式
• 是一个识别每一个过程步骤的分析技术 – 过程可能达不到要求的情形 – 对内部/外部顾客的影响 (严重度) – 失效可能发生的频率 (发生频度) – 当前控制的效果 (预防和可探测度) – 原因和结果的等级 (风险顺序数)
FR&PS
NCM
VSLPAEFra bibliotekVWPO
SWI (SOS)
OI (JES)
SOT(JIT)
Risk Reduct
Contam
SCM
QSB WORKSHOP REV. 111406
3
General Motors Corporation. All rights reserved.
严重度分级
Criteria: Severity of Effect This ranking results when a potential failure mode results in a final customer and/or a manufacturing/assembly plant defect. The final customer should always be considered first. If both occur, use the higher of the two severities. (Customer Effect) Very high severity ranking when a potential failure mode affects safe vehicle operation and/or involves noncompliance with government regulation without warning. Very high severity ranking when a potential failure mode affects safe vehicle operation and/or involves noncompliance with government regulation with warning. Vehicle/item inoperable (loss of primary function). Criteria: Severity of Effect This ranking results when a potential failure mode results in a final customer and/or a manufacturing/assembly plant defect. The final customer should always be considered first. If both occur, use the higher of the two severities. (Manufacturing/Assembly Effect) Or may endanger operator (machine or assembly) without warning. Or may endanger operator (machine or assembly) with warning. Or 100% of product may have to be scrapped, or vehicle/item repaired in repair department with a repair time greater than one hour. Or product may have to be sorted and a portion (less than 100%) scrapped, or vehicle/item repaired in repair department with a repair time between a halfhour and an hour. Or a portion (less than 100%) of the product may have to be scrapped with no sorting, or a vehicle/item repaired in repair department with a repair time less than a half-hour. Or 100% of product may have to be reworked, or vehicle/item repaired off-line but does not go to repair department. Or the product may have to be sorted, with no scrap, and a portion (less than 100%) reworked. Or a portion (less than 100%) of the product may have to be reworked, with no scrap, on-line but out-ofstation. Or a portion (less than 100%) of the product may have to be reworked with no scrap, on-line but in-station. Or slight inconvenience to operation or operator, or no effect.
5
Very Low Minor
4 3
Very Minor None
2 1
(AIAG PFMEA Third Edition)
FR&PS NCM VS LPA EPV WPO SWI (SOS) OI (JES) SOT(JIT) Risk Reduct Contam SCM
QSB WORKSHOP REV. 111406
4
General Motors Corporation. All rights reserved.
发生频度分级
Probability Likely Failure Rates PpK Ranking
< 0.55 > 0.55 > 0.78 > 0.86 > 0.94 > 1.00 > 1.10 > 1.20 > 1.30 > 1.67 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
探测度分级
Detection Criteria Absolute certainty of non-detection. Controls will probably not detect. Controls have poor chance of detection. Controls have poor chance of detection. Controls may detect. Controls may detect. X Controls have a Moderately 4 good chance to High detect. Controls have a 3 High good chance to detect. 2 1 Very High Certain Controls almost certain to detect. Controls certain to detect. X