从高考看“介词 + 关系代词”的用法
定语从句 知识讲解 “介词+关系代词”的用法
介词+关系词怎么用？介词加关系词分别等于什么？答：一、“介词＋关系代词”的用法当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，我们通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。
如果指“人”，用“介词＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词＋which”。
例如：Do you know the lady with whom our manager is talking in the office?Where is the supermarket in which you bought the laptop last week?●使用“介词＋关系代词”要注意以下几点：(一)选用介词的依据：(1) 根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。
例如：Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.(2) 根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成，不一定是短语)。
例如：The old woman with whom you talked just now is a famous artist.(3) 根据句子的意思来选择。
例如：The naughty boy made a hole in the wall through which he could see what is happening outside.(4) 表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。
例如：I have about 20 books, half of which were written by Bing Xin, the famous writer.(二)在定语从句中，含介词的短语动词不可拆开使用(短语拆开后含义发生变化)，如look after, look for等。
例如：The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(正)The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(误)(三)“of which / whom”有时可以用“whose＋名词”结构来改写。
高考英语“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句常见错误透视 专题辅导
高考英语“介词+关系代词〞引导的定语从句常见错误透视我们在学习定语从句时,常常会看到"介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句,即把从句中的某一介词或介词短语提到关系代词前.使用这类定语从句时,常常会出现五类错误.现在归纳如下,供同学们借鉴.一、关系词的误用1. The person to who you should write is Mr Hall. (whom)2. I lost the book in that there are five color pictures. (which)3. The day on when we can send men into space has at last come. (which)4. He went back to the house in where he was born twenty years ago. (which)简析:当介词位于从句的句首时,介词后一般用关系代词whom(指人,如1不可为who所代替)或which(指物,如 2.先行词即使为表示时间或地点的名词,介词后也不能用when或where,如3和4).不过,注意介词from有时根据句意的枰?也可以接where.如:He hid himself behind the door, from where he saw the man take a photo of something on the desk.他躲在门后面,从那里他看见那个人拍摄了桌子上的什么东西一下.(指from behind the door"从门后面",并非指from the door"从门")二、拆开从句中极固定的动词搭配5. He was the boy after whom the woman had looked for many years. (whom the woman had looked after for many years)简析:假设将定语从句中搭配极为固定的短语中的介词提前,其中的短语可能会失去它们本身的意义或可能使句子产生歧义,如look after, look for, depend on, go in for (迷恋)等短语.三、介词与定语从句所修饰的先行词搭配不当6. The farm in which we worked ten years ago isn't what it used to be. (on)7. She wanted to find the way with which she could make everyone live more happily. (in)简析:6. on the farm为习惯搭配,表示"在农场";7. in与way搭配,表示"用……方法,以……方式".四、介词与定语从句中的谓语局部搭配不当8. In the dark street, there wasn't a single person from whom she could turn for help. (to)9. This is the tree in which the boat was tied. (to)10. Can you find an object with which your toy is similar? (to)简析:8. turn to sb. for help表示"向某人求助";9. tie与to连用,表示"拴/系到……上";10. similar与to搭配,表示"与……相似".五、介词与句子的具体含义搭配不当11. I can't remember the age in which I won that prize. (at)12. That is the age at which people live in peace and happy. (in)简析:根据全句意义,11中的age作"年岁"解,应与at搭配;12中的age表示"时期,时代",应与in搭配.。
介词加关系代词的用法
介词加关系代词的用法关于介词加关系代词的用法：一、介词：1、关于介词的使用：（1）介词的分类：在英语中，介词包括核心介词(也称为不可分割介词，如in，on，at等)、短语介词(结合介词，如because of， according to， in front of等)、复合介词(如in order to， by means of等)。
（2）介词的使用规则：①部分介词后面要接宾语，可是宾语是名词还是代词，要根据具体情况。
如for her, behind them。
②介词要与动词搭配使用，如read with, drive in, think of等。
③如果名词和动词单复数相同，就不需要再添加介词，除非指明特定的人或物，如They arrived late. 但They arrived late for her.二、关系代词：1、关系代词的分类：英语中的关系代词实际上是“定语代词”，关系代词可以分为三类：1.指物的关系代词，包括：which，that，what; 2. 指人的关系代词，包括：who，whom，whose; 3. 再复合句中引导同位语的关系代词，即as，like，than。
2、关系代词的使用规则：（1）表示物的关系代词：1）which 引导非限定定语从句，可指不明确的动、物，也可指明确的动、物。
2）that 常用来引导限定性定语从句，可指不明确的物，也可指明确的物。
3）what 强调句子某部分，也可指人。
（2）表示人的关系代词：1）who 常用来引导定语从句，但用在做主语、宾语或其他句子成分时要用whom，无论是限定性还是非限定性定语从句，只能指人。
2）whose 用来引导定语从句，指人，表示物主关系。
（3）表示相同身份、类别、性质的关系代词：1）as 后接人或事物名词，用来指代前面的词语或代词，表示相同的身份、类别、性质的关系。
2）like 后接人或事物名词，用来指代前面的词语或代词，表示相同的身份、类别、性质的关系。
高考英语“介词 + 关系代词”的用法
“介词+ 关系代词”的用法【典型考例】1. By nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, ____ appeared a rare rainbow soon.. (2008福建)A. of whichB. on whichC. from whichD. above which2. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, ____ New York is an example. (2008四川)A. for whichB. in whichC. of whichD. from which【解析】不难看出，这两道题都是考查了“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。
第1题题意：一道罕见的彩虹出现在Mount Qomolangma的上方。
appeared a rare rainbow为倒装形式。
故选D。
第2题先行词为many cities,从句还原后成为“New York is an example of many cities”，所以选择介词of，表示所属关系。
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句既是同学们学习定语从句中的难点之一，也是各种考试的重点之一，尤其在近几年的高考题中出现的频率甚高，而且变化多样。
经过对定语从句的学习，同学们对于定语从句中关系代词、关系副词的选择可能不会感到有什么困难了，但对于“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句的用法却往往感到棘手。
希望下面的总结能助同学们一臂之力。
一、“介词+ 关系代词”引导定语从句基本构成：“介词+ 关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which(物)和whom(人)，即：介词+which/ whom。
1. 当介词放在关系代词的前面时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，关系代词不能省略。
定语从句介词加关系代词用法
定语从句介词加关系代词用法在定语从句中，介词加关系代词的用法如下：1.关系代词在介词前：当关系代词作为定语从句的主语时，介词通常放在关系代词的前面。
例如：- The man whom I spoke to is my boss.（我与之交谈的那个人是我的老板。
）- The book that I am looking for is on the table.（我要找的那本书在桌子上。
）2.关系代词在介词后：当关系代词作为定语从句的宾语时，介词通常放在关系代词的后面。
例如：- The house which he lives in is very old.（他住在的那栋房子很旧。
）- The car that she is interested in is not available.（她感兴趣的那辆车不可用。
）需要注意的是，当介词后的关系代词是which时，可以省略介词。
例如：- The city which I was born in is famous for its architecture.（我出生的那座城市以其建筑而闻名。
）- The city I was born in is famous for its architecture.（我出生的那座城市以其建筑而闻名。
）同时，也可以通过适当拓展定语从句来提供更多信息：- The man whom I spoke to yesterday, in the cafe near my office, is my boss.（昨天我在我办公室附近的咖啡馆里与之交谈的那个人是我的老板。
）- The book that I am looking for, which is a bestseller,is on the table.（我正在找的那本畅销书就在桌子上。
）。
(完整版)“介词+关系代词”中介词的确定方法
一行二动三意义纵观10年来各地高考试题对定语从句的考查，越来越突出能力立意，通过一系列的增元、减员，前置等变换手段来考查.定语从句中关于“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时介词的选择则更是令众多考生十分头疼的一大难题。
之所以难，主要在于难以选出合适的介词。
应对“介词+关系代词”中介词如何选则这一难题，笔者根据教学经验,总结出一套行之有效的秘诀:“一先二动三意义”.一、一先,即先杀先行词。
从先行词下手。
介词往往和先行词构成固定搭配。
杀题背景：当先行词往往是那些表示时间、地点、原因、方法、工具等的词时,它们与介词之间有一定的固定联系，多用这种方法。
(比如时间常和on; in、by搭配，地点常用on; in; at，原因用for，方式用in； by; with等等) eg： The pencil _____C__he used to write is broken。
A. in which B. by which C。
with which D。
with that解题:考的是“介词+关系代词”结构，关系代词指物的话用which,指人whom，先把D选项排除了。
剩下这三项选择哪个呢？我们先从先行词下手，pencil是工具范畴,介词搭配一般用with，选择C。
【牛刀小试】Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes ___A___ people were eaten by the tiger. (2005广东卷） A。
in which B. by which C. which 解题：when 引导时间状语从句“在那个情景中，人被老虎吃掉"。
先行词scene情景，场合，属于“时间，地点”类型的词。
符合我们杀题三部曲之第一部曲的杀题背景。
我们说在情景中，在场合下，搭配的介词是in ，in the scenes 选择A .二、杀题第二部曲-———二动。
英语语法：“介词+关系代词”的用法
英语语法：“介词+关系代词”的用法“介词+关系代词”的用法一、用法说明介词+whom只能指人;介词+ which只能指物。
如：Look, there comes Tom, for whom I have waiting for an hour. 瞧，汤姆来啦，我等他等了一个小时。
Last Saturday evening, I went to Wu Dong’s birthday party, in which I met a foreigner named Jim. 上周星期六的晚上我去参加了吴东的生日聚会，在会上我会到了一个叫吉姆的外国人。
She came into the house, on whose wall there was a portrait of Einstein. 她进入了房间，房子的墙壁上有一张爱因斯坦的画像。
二、注意事项(1) 有时，前面的介词可移到定语从句的中间或后面，此时whom 可用who, that代替;which能够用that代替。
而且who, whom, which, that都可省略。
如：The man with whom you talked just now is our manager. —The man who you talked with just now is our manager. 你刚才与他谈话的那个人就是我们的经理。
He handed me a pen, with which I wrote down my address for him. —He handed me a pen, which I wrote down my address with for him. 他递给我一支钢笔，我就用那支钢笔给他写下了我的地址。
(2) 当先行词是时间、地点、原因从句时，介词+ which一般在定语从句中分别做时间、地点、原因状语，于是介词+ which能够分别用when, where, why代替。
高考英语复习 介词+关系代词
小结3：根列定语从句。 on 1. I disagree with the facts ______ which your argument is based. 2. The song, ______ which he was in interested, will never be heard again. 3. This is the reason ______ which he often for comes to school late. in 4. I will never forget the way ______ which my teacher taught me. of 5. This is the hero ______ whom we are proud.
介词+关系代词
“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时， 介词的宾语只能用which（指物）
或whom(指人)，whose即可指人也
可指物,即介词 +which/whom/whose.
关系代词前介词的确定:
①They’ll never forget July 1 on which Hong Kong returned to its motherland. ②1992 is the year in which you were born.
with 6. I want to find the very pen ______ which I wrote that letter. of 7. They are the students ______ whom our teachers are thinking highly. 8. It is important to choose good friends with ______ whom you can share your feelings and thoughts. 9. It will not be necessary to name the person ______ whom the card belongs. to 10. I would always like to do business with those peopleon / upon whom I can rely. ________
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从高考看“介词+ 关系代词”的用法【典型考例】1. By nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, ____ appeared a rare rainbow soon. (2008福建)A. of whichB. on whichC. from whichD. above which2. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, ____ New York is an example. (2008四川)A. for whichB. in whichC. of whichD. from which【解析】不难看出，这两道题都是考查了“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。
第1题题意：一道罕见的彩虹出现在Mount Qomolangma的上方。
appeared a rare rainbow为倒装形式。
故选D。
第2题先行词为many cities,从句还原后成为“New York is an example of many cities”，所以选择介词of，表示所属关系。
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句既是同学们学习定语从句中的难点之一，也是各种考试的重点之一，尤其在近几年的高考题中出现的频率甚高，而且变化多样。
经过对定语从句的学习，同学们对于定语从句中关系代词、关系副词的选择可能不会感到有什么困难了，但对于“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句的用法却往往感到棘手。
希望下面的总结能助同学们一臂之力。
一、“介词+ 关系代词”引导定语从句基本构成：“介词+ 关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which(物)和whom(人)，即：介词+which/ whom。
1. 当介词放在关系代词的前面时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，关系代词不能省略。
This is the hero of whom we are proud.2. 当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可用that/which(物)，that/whom/who(人)作介词的宾语，而且作介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。
This is the hero that/ who/ whom we are proud of. （可省略）3. “复合介词短语+关系代词which”引导的定语从句，常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装结构。
He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree.二、“介词+ 关系代词”中的介词的确定方法：（一）根据定语从句中的谓语动词确定介词，其动词与介词搭配，构成动词短语。
【典例】1. I saw a woman running to ward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was，she had run back in the direction ______ she had come. (2006重庆）A. of whichB. by whichC. in whichD. from which2. -----Why does she always ask you for help? (2005北京)---- There is no one else ______, is there?A. who to turn toB. she can turn toC. for whom to turnD. for her to turn3. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _____ they can talk frequently.(2004上海)A. whoB. asC. about whichD. with whom（二）根据定语从句中的形容词确定介词，其形容词与介词搭配，构成形容词短语。
例如：The two things about which Karl Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms. (be sure about)The teacher of whom the students in our class are fond is Mr. Wang, our English teacher. (befond of)（三）根据定语从句所修饰的先行词确定介词，其先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方法、工具等的词，它们与介词之间有一定的联系。
当“介词+关系代词”在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因状语时，可分别用when, where, why 替换。
【典例】4. We went through a period______ communications were very difficult in the rural areas. (2008上海)A. whatB. whoseC. in whichD. with which5. He was educated at the local high school, ____ he went on to Beijing University. (2007江苏)A. after whichB. after thatC. in whichD. in that6. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes____ people were eaten by the tiger.（2005广东卷）A. in whichB. by whichC. whichD. that7. The Eng lish play ____ students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success. (2004全国I)A. for whichB. at whichC. in whichD. on which（四）根据句子的意思确定介词。
有些句子，先行词完全一样，定语从句中谓语动词不是由固定的动词短语构成的，这时，要根据句子所要表达的意思，选用不同的介词。
【典例】8. She was educated at Beijing University , ______ she went on to have her advanced study abroad. (2006陕西）A. after thatB. from thatC. from whichD. after which9. He was educated at a local grammar school, ______ he went on to Cambridge. (2005山东）A. from whichB. after thatC. after whichD. from this10. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs ____ they arebeing trained. (2005江西)A. in thatB. for thatC. in whichD. for which三、“介词+ 关系代词”引导定语从句扩展形式（一）“不定代词＋介词＋关系代词”结构用于这个结构中的代词主要是both，all，much，many，（a）few，（a）little，none，some，several，most等不定代词，而其后的介词多用of。
这种结构常用来引导非限制性定语从句，有时候也可把“of＋关系代词which/whom”置于代词前。
【典例】11. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _____ are beyond ourcontrol. (2008湖南)A. most of themB. most of whichC. most of whatD. most of that12. Last week，only two people came to look at the house，wanted to buy it. (2007安徽)A．none of them B．both of them C．none of whom D．neither of whom13. It is reported that two schools，____ are being built in my hometown，will open next year. (2007四川)A．they both B．which both C．both of them D．both of which14. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _____ Chinese in the school, most _____ were from Germany. (2006辽宁）A. study; of whomB. study; of themC. studying; of themD. studying; of whom15. I have many friends, ___some are businessmen. (2005全国）A. of themB. from whichC. who ofD. of whom（二）“the＋名词＋介词＋关系代词”结构这个结构在引出的定语从句中作主语时，要注意谓语动词数的问题，分清关系代词所代表的先行词与介词前各成分数量的关系或性质。
注意这种结构中“介词＋关系代词”所构成的介词短语修饰前面的名词，名词也可以放在关系代词之后。
例如：【典例】16. The man pulled out a gold watch, _____ were made of small diamonds. (2008陕西)A. the hands of whomB. whom the hands ofC. which the hands ofD. the hands of which17. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, ____the sailing time was 226days. (2004全国III)A of whichB during whichC from whichD for which18. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ______ was very reasonable. （2000上海）A. which priceB. the price of whichC. its priceD. the price of whose（三）“数词＋介词＋关系代词” 结构【典例】19. I was given three books on cooking, the first _______ I really enjoyed. (2006浙江）A. of thatB. of whichC. thatD. which20. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% are sold abroad. (2004辽宁)A. of whichB. which ofC. of themD. of that21. There are altogether eleven books on the shelf, ______ five are mine. (2004全国IV)A on whichB in whichC of whichD from which（四）“the＋形容词比较级（最高级）＋介词＋关系代词”结构这里的形容词多用比较级或最高级形式，因为形容词前有定冠词the，实际上这个形容词相当于名词。