2017USACO银级第二题(翻译)
美国数学建模题目至翻译
美国数学建模题目2017至2017翻译篇一：2017年建模美赛C题带翻译Problem C: “Cooperate and navigate”Traffic capacity is limited in many regions of the United States due to the number of lanes of roads.For example, in the Greater Seattle area drivers experience long delays during peak traffic hoursbecause the volume of traffic exceeds the designed capacity of the road networks. This is particularlypronounced on Interstates 5, 90, and 405, as well as State Route 520, the roads of particular interestfor this problem.Self-driving, cooperating cars have been proposed as a solution to increase capacity of highwayswithout increasing number of lanes or roads. The behavior of these cars interacting with the existingtraffic flow and each other is not well understood at this point.The Governor of the state of Washington has asked for analysis of the effects of allowing self-driving,cooperating cars on the roads listed above in Thurston, Pierce, King, and Snohomish counties. (Seethe provided map and Excel spreadsheet).In particular, how do the effects change as thepercentage of self-driving cars increases from 10% to 50% to 90%? Do equilibria exist? Is there atipping point where performance changes markedly? Under what conditions, if any, should lanes bededicated to these cars? Does your analysis of your model suggest any other policy changes?Your answer should include a model of the effects on traffic flow of the number of lanes, peak and/oraverage traffic volume, and percentage of vehicles using self-driving, cooperating systems. Yourmodel should address cooperation between self-driving cars as well as the interaction between self-driving and non-self-driving vehicles. Your model should then be applied to the data for the roads ofinterest, provided in the attached Excel spreadsheet.Your MCM submission should consist of a 1 page Summary Sheet, a 1-2 page letter to theGovernor’s office, and your solution (not to exceed 20 pages) for a maximum of 23 pages. Note: Theappendix and references do not count toward the 23 page limit. Some useful background information:On average, 8% of the daily traffic volume occurs during peak travel hours. ? The nominal speed limit for all these roads is 60 miles per hour.? Mileposts are numbered from south to north, and west to east.? Lane widths are the standard 12 feet.? Highway 90 is classified as a state route until it intersects Interstate 5.? In case of any conflict between the data provided in this problem and any other source, use thedata provided in this problem.Definitions:milepost: A marker on the road that measures distance in miles from either the start of the route or astate boundary.average daily traffic: The average number of cars per day driving on the road.interstate: A limited access highway, part of a national system.state route: A state highway that may or may not be limited access.route ID: The number of the highway.increasing direction: Northbound for N-S roads, Eastbound for E-W roads.decreasing direction: Southbound for N-S roads, Westbound for E-W roads.问题C：“合作和导航”由于道路的数量，美国许多地区的交通容量有限。
(完整版)英语全国卷17年二卷阅读翻译
2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国II卷）A在即将到来的这几个月中，来自世界各地的艺术家们聚集于此，用他们自己的语言在莎士比亚环球剧场演绎莎士比亚的戏剧。
快来加入我们吧。
中国国家大剧院北京|中文这个伟大的盛会将是中国国家大剧院第一次来到英国拜访演出。
这个剧团的作品展示了21世纪中国戏剧的新面貌。
这次的作品——莎士比亚的《理查德三世》将会由中国国家话剧院的副院长王晓鹰执导。
日期和时间：4月28日周六下午2:30；4月29日周日下午1:30和6:30第比利斯大剧院第比利斯|格鲁吉亚文建于1928年的第比利斯大剧院是格鲁吉亚最著名的剧院之一，经常出现在全世界的各种戏剧节上。
这次的新作品《皆大欢喜》是由剧院的艺术导演莱文史雷指导。
日期和时间：5月18日周五下午2:30；5月19日周六晚上7:30聋人剧院伦敦|英式手语通过把内容丰富、语言幽默的莎士比亚戏剧《爱的徒劳》翻译成英式手语，聋人剧院创造了一种新的莎士比亚喜剧作品的演绎形式，目的是把失聪观众和正常观众看作一个整体，来为他们之间建造一座桥梁。
日期和时间：5月22日周二下午2:30；5月23日周三晚上7:30哈比马国家剧院特拉维夫|希伯来语哈比马国家剧院是全世界希伯来语剧院的中心。
这家剧院建立于1905年俄国战争后的莫斯科，最终于20世纪20年代晚期搬迁到了特拉维夫。
自1958年以来，该剧院已经被看作是以色列的国家剧院。
这次的作品——莎士比亚的《威尼斯商人》标志着他们第一次在英国演出。
日期和时间：5月28日周一晚上7:30；5月29日周二晚上7:30B我第一次见到保罗·纽曼是在1968年，当时《虎豹小霸王》的导演乔治·罗伊·希尔在纽约介绍我们认识。
当电影公司不想让我演那部电影——他们想要像保罗一样出名的演员时——保罗却站出来支持我。
我不知道多少人会那么做；通常他们会听他们的经纪人或者电影公司领导的安排。
我们的友谊在拍摄那部电影和四年后我们共同出演电影《骗中骗》的经历中产生，其根源在于尽管我们年龄不同，但是我们的表演都具有传统的戏剧和电视直播的风格。
USACO10-11
2010-2011年USACO试题上海交通大学马融第一讲2011 Feb (2)奶牛文字(Cowlphabet, USACO 2011 Feb) (3)工作安排(Work Scheduling, USACO 2009 Open) (4)第二讲2010 Dec (5)藏宝箱(Treasure Chest, USACO 2010 Dec) (6)第三讲2010 Nov (7)购买饲料(Buying Feed, USACO 2010 Nov) (8)奶牛飞盘队(Cow Frisbee Team, USACO 2009 Mar) (9)第四讲2010 Feb (10)采购巧克力(Chocolate Buying, USACO 2010 Feb) (11)派发巧克力(Chocolate Giving, USACO 2010 Feb) (12)享受巧克力(Chocolate Eating, USACO 2010 Feb) (13)第五讲2009 Dec (14)电子游戏(Video Game Troubles, USACO 2009 Dec) (15)抢购干草(Hay For Sale, USACO 2008 Dec) (16)第六讲2009 Nov (17)安慰奶牛(Cheering up the Cows, USACO 2008 Nov) (18)第七讲2008 Oct (19)建造栅栏(Building A Fence, USACO 2008 Oct) (20)第八讲2008 Mar (21)土地并购(Land Acquisition, USACO 2008 Mar) (22)奶牛慢跑(Cow Jogging, USACO 2008 Mar) (23)珍珠配对(Pearl Pairing, USACO 2008 Mar) (24)第九讲2008 Jan (25)猜数游戏(Haybale Guessing, USACO 2008 Jan) (26)人工湖泊(Artificial Lake, USACO 2008 Jan) (27)手机网络(Cell Phone Network, USACO 2008 Jan) (29)第一讲2011 Feb奶牛文字(Cowlphabet, USACO 2011 Feb)约翰的奶牛讲的是别人听不懂的“牛语”。
2017年catti英语二级笔译真题及汉译英答案(供)
2017年5月CATTI英语二级笔译真题一、英译汉第一篇：出自The 2030 Agenda For Sustainable DevelopmentThis Agenda is a plan of action for people, planet and prosperity. It also seeks to strengthen universal peace in larger freedom. We recognize that eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including extreme poverty, is the greatest global challenge and an indispensable requirement for sustainable development.We are resolved to free the human race from the alleviation of poverty and heal and protect our planet.We are determined to take the bold and transformative steps which are urgently needed to shift the world onto a sustainable and resilient path.The 17Sustainable Development Goals and 169 targets which we are announcing today demonstrate the scale and ambition of this new universal Agenda. They seek to build on the Millennium Development Goals and complete what these did not achieve. They seek to realize the human rights of all and to achieve gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls. They are integrated and indivisible and balance the three dimensions of sustainable development: the economic, social and environmental.We are meeting at a time of immense challenges to sustainable development.Billions of our citizens continue to live in poverty and are denied a life of dignity.There are rising inequalities within and among countries. Gender inequality remains a key challenge. Unemployment, particularly youth unemployment, is a major concern. Global health threats, more frequent and intense natural disasters, spiraling conflict, violent extremism, terrorism and related humanitarian crises and forced displacement of people threaten to reverse much of the development progress made in recent decades.Natural resource depletion and adverse impacts of environmental degradation, including desertification, drought, land degradation,freshwater scarcity and loss of biodiversity, add to and exacerbate the list of challenges which humanity faces.Climate change is one of the greatest challenges of our time and its adverse impacts undermine the ability of all countries to achieve sustainable development.The Millennium Development Goals were agreed 15 years ago provided an important framework for development and significant progress has been made in a number of areas. But the progress has been uneven, particularly in Africa, least developed countries, landlocked developing countries, and small island developing States, and some of the Millennium Development Goalsremain off-track,in particular those related to maternal, newborn and child health and to reproductive health. We recommit ourselves to the full realization of all the Millennium Development Goals, including the off-track Millennium Development Goals, in particular by providing focused and scaled-up assistance to least developed countries and other countries in special situations, in line with relevant support programs. The new Agenda builds on the Millennium Development Goals and seeks to complete what these did not achieve, particularly in reaching the most vulnerable countries.二、英译汉第二篇：出自2010年EconomistEntrepreneurs in Silicon Valley, only half-jokingly, call it the URL strategy.The three letters usually stand for Uniform Resource Locator—the unique address of any file that is accessible via the internet. But in the world of internet start-ups, URL has another meaning: Ubiquity first, Revenue Later. This pretty much describes the strategy of most big online social networks, which over the past few years have concentrated on piling on users rather than worrying aboutprofits.That has allowed them to build huge followings, but it has also raised a big question-mark over their ability to make money from the audiences they have put together.At issue is whether the social-networking industry can come up with a wildly successful form of advertising in the same way that Google has been able to make billions of dollars from the targeted ads that run alongside the search results it serves up. Without such a formula,runs the argument, social networks such as Facebook will never amount to much.Doubters claim that the networks face two big handicaps. The first is that people logged into social-networking sites are there to hang out with their friends, so they will pay no attention to ads. The second is that because the sites let users generate their own content, they will find it hard to attract advertisers because brands will not want to take the risk of appearing alongside examples of profanity,obscenity or nudity—or all three at once.But the broader outlook for networking sites is more encouraging. One reason is that advertisers are being drawn to the leading sites by their sheer scale. Facebook's audience is bigger than any TV network that has ever existed on the face of the earth. Another thing that has attracted companies is the networks' ability to target ads with laser-like precision, thanks to the data they hold on their users' ages, gender, interests and so forth. Although there are still lingering concerns about brands appearing next to racy content, firms seem more willing to run this risk now that the networks' advertising proposition has become more compelling.In addition to advertising-driven business model, networks are already making healthy profits from sales of games and virtual goods. The beauty of this business for social networks is that the cost of producing and storing virtual inventory is minimal. Moreover, because these are closed markets, networks can fix prices at levels that generate fat margins. To some, the notion that big money can be made from selling make-believe items may seem bizarre. But the practice replicates the physical presents that people give to one another to cement relationships in the real world.三、汉译英第一篇：出自中国五矿集团公司介绍本公司是全球最大最强的冶金建设运营服务商，拥有24万在职员工，资产规模超7000亿元，境外机构、资源项目与承建工程遍布全球60多个国家和地区。
(完整版)英语全国卷17年二卷阅读翻译
2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国II卷）A在即将到来的这几个月中，来自世界各地的艺术家们聚集于此，用他们自己的语言在莎士比亚环球剧场演绎莎士比亚的戏剧。
快来加入我们吧。
中国国家大剧院北京|中文这个伟大的盛会将是中国国家大剧院第一次来到英国拜访演出。
这个剧团的作品展示了21世纪中国戏剧的新面貌。
这次的作品——莎士比亚的《理查德三世》将会由中国国家话剧院的副院长王晓鹰执导。
日期和时间：4月28日周六下午2:30；4月29日周日下午1:30和6:30第比利斯大剧院第比利斯|格鲁吉亚文建于1928年的第比利斯大剧院是格鲁吉亚最著名的剧院之一，经常出现在全世界的各种戏剧节上。
这次的新作品《皆大欢喜》是由剧院的艺术导演莱文史雷指导。
日期和时间：5月18日周五下午2:30；5月19日周六晚上7:30聋人剧院伦敦|英式手语通过把内容丰富、语言幽默的莎士比亚戏剧《爱的徒劳》翻译成英式手语，聋人剧院创造了一种新的莎士比亚喜剧作品的演绎形式，目的是把失聪观众和正常观众看作一个整体，来为他们之间建造一座桥梁。
日期和时间：5月22日周二下午2:30；5月23日周三晚上7:30哈比马国家剧院特拉维夫|希伯来语哈比马国家剧院是全世界希伯来语剧院的中心。
这家剧院建立于1905年俄国战争后的莫斯科，最终于20世纪20年代晚期搬迁到了特拉维夫。
自1958年以来，该剧院已经被看作是以色列的国家剧院。
这次的作品——莎士比亚的《威尼斯商人》标志着他们第一次在英国演出。
日期和时间：5月28日周一晚上7:30；5月29日周二晚上7:30B我第一次见到保罗·纽曼是在1968年，当时《虎豹小霸王》的导演乔治·罗伊·希尔在纽约介绍我们认识。
当电影公司不想让我演那部电影——他们想要像保罗一样出名的演员时——保罗却站出来支持我。
我不知道多少人会那么做；通常他们会听他们的经纪人或者电影公司领导的安排。
我们的友谊在拍摄那部电影和四年后我们共同出演电影《骗中骗》的经历中产生，其根源在于尽管我们年龄不同，但是我们的表演都具有传统的戏剧和电视直播的风格。
2017年考研英语二翻译试题答案及解析
2017年考研英语二翻译试题答案及解析My DreamMy dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course. However, during that course I realised that I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was, and still is, one of my favourite activities. But, to be absolutely honest, I said it, because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream - I knew that no one, apart from myself, could imagine me in the fashion industry at all!2017年英语二的翻译题是一篇关于梦想的小短文，全文共5句话，前两句话比较简短且简单，后三句较长，但难度也都不大。
USACO试题精选(第一辑)
USACO试题精选第一辑第1题利润(Profits, USACO 2011 Jan) (3)第2题购买饲料二(Buying Feed II, USACO 2010 Jan) (4)第3题奶牛杂技(Cow Acrobats, USACO 2006 Nov) (5)第4题抓苹果(Apple Catching, USACO 2004 Nov) (6)第5题抢购干草(Hay For Sale, USACO 2008 Dec) (7)第6题建造栅栏(Building A Fence, USACO 2008 Oct) (8)第7题建造道路(Building Roads, USACO 2007 Dec) (9)第8题青铜莲花池(Bronze Lilypad Pond, USACO 2007 Feb) (10)第9题滑雪课程(Ski Lessons, USACO 2009 Open) (11)第10题奶牛飞盘队(Cow Frisbee Team, USACO 2009 Mar) (12)第11题奶牛博览会(Cow Exhibition, USACO 2003 Fall) (13)第12题最近回文(Cheapest Palindrome, USACO 2007 Open) (14)第13题安慰奶牛(Cheering up the Cows, USACO 2008 Nov) (15)第14题玉米迷宫(Corn Maze, USACO 2011 Open) (16)第15题奶牛集会(MooFest, USACO 2004 Open) (17)第16题奶牛文字(Cowlphabet, USACO 2011 Feb) (18)第17题奶牛跨栏(Cow Hurdles, USACO 2007 Nov) (19)第18题工作安排(Work Scheduling, USACO 2009 Open) (20)第19题手机网络(Cell Phone Network, USACO 2008 Jan) (21)第20题提交作业(Turning in Homework, USACO 2004 Open) (22)第21题滑雪缆车(Ski Lift, USACO 2006 Mar) (23)第22题派发巧克力(Chocolate Giving, USACO 2010 Feb) (24)第23题赞助学费(Financial Aid, USACO 2004 Mar) (25)第24题白银莲花池(Silver Lilypad Pond, USACO 2007 Feb) (26)第25题地震(Earthquake, USACO 2001 Open) (27)第26题股票市场(Stock Market, USACO 2009 Feb) (28)第27题奶牛赛车(Cow Cycling, USACO Feb 2002) (29)第28题奶牛观光(Sightseeing Cows, USACO 2007 Dec) (30)第29题道路重建(Rebuilding Roads, USACO Feb 2002) (31)第30题奶牛接力(Cow Relays, USACO 2007 Nov) (32)第31题猜数游戏(Haybale Guessing, USACO 2008 Jan) (33)第32题混乱奶牛(Mixed Up Cows, USACO 2008 Nov) (34)第33题修剪草坪(Mowing the Lawn, USACO 2011 Open) (35)第34题道路翻新(Revamping Trails, USACO 2009 Feb) (36)第35题安排牧场(Corn Fields, USACO 2006 Nov) (37)第36题叠积木(Cube Stacking, USACO 2004 Open) (38)第37题奶牛抗议(Generic Cow Protests, USACO 2011 Feb) (39)第38题洞穴奶牛第一话(Cave Cow 1, USACO 2004 Open) (40)第39题打扫食槽(Cleaning Up, USACO 2009 Mar) (41)第40题购买饲料(Buying Feed, USACO 2010 Nov) (42)第41题土地并购(Land Acquisition, USACO 2008 Mar) (43)第42题干草塔(Tower of Hay, USACO 2009 Open) (44)第43题明星奶牛(Popular Cows, USACO 2003 Fall) (45)第44题电子游戏(Video Game Troubles, USACO 2009 Dec) (46)第45题产奶比赛(Milk Team Select, USACO 2006 Mar) (47)第46题黄金莲花池(Lilypad Pond, USACO 2007 Feb) (48)第47题逢低吸纳(BUY LOW, BUY LOWER, USACO Feb 2002) (49)第48题焊接(Soldering, USACO 2011 Open) (50)第49题旅馆(Hotel, USACO 2008 Feb) (51)第50题道路和航线(Roads and Planes, USACO 2011 Jan) (52)这一辑从USACO月赛中选择了质量很高的50题，是用来训练算法设计和实现的极好素材，如果初学者希望掌握比较扎实的基本功，我建议将这一辑的题目好好研究一下。
20175月二级笔译考试真题和答案解析
2016年5月英语二级笔译真题Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)Passage 1Jane Goodall was already on a London dock in March 1957 whe n she realizedthat her passport was miss ing. In just a few hours, she was due to depart on her first trip to Africa. A school friend had moved to a farm outside Nairobi and, knowing Goodall ' s childhood dream was to live among the African wildlife, invited her to stay with the family for a while. Goodall, then 22, saved for two years to pay for her passage toKe nya: waitress ing, doing secretarial work, temp ing at the post office in her hometown, Bournemouth, on England ' southern coast. Now all this was for n aught, it seemed.It ' s hard not to wonder how subsequent events in her liferather conseque—ial as they have turned out to be to con servati on, to scie nee, to our sense of ourselves as a species—might have un folded differe ntly had some one not found her passport, along with an it in erary from Cook ' s, the travel age ncy, folded in side, and delivered it to theCook' s office. An agency representative, documents in hand, found her on the dock.“In credible, ” Goodall told me last mon th, recalli ng that day. “ Amazi ng.With in two mon ths of her arrival, Goodall met the pale on tologist Louis Leakey——Nairobi was a small town for its white population in those days ——and he immediately offered her a job at the n atural-history museum where he was curator. He spe nt much of the n ext three years test ing her capacity for repetitive work.He believed in a hypothesis first put forth by Charles Darwin that humans and chimpa nzees share an evoluti onary an cestor. Close study of chimpa nzees in the wild, he thought, might tell us someth ing about that com mon proge nitor. He was, in other words, look ing for some one to live among Africa ' s wild an imals. One ni ght, he told Goodall that he knew just the place where she could do it: Gombe Stream Chimpa nzee Reserve, in the British colony of Tangany ika (now Tanzani a).In July 1960, Goodall boarded a boat and after a few hours motoring over thewarm, deep waters of Lake Tangany ika, she stepped onto the pebbly beach at Gombe.Her finding, published in Nature in 1964, that chimpanzees use tools —extract ing in sects from atermite mound with leaves of grass —drastically and forever altered huma nity ' understa nding of itself; man was no Ion ger the n atural world ' s only user of tools.After two and a half decades of liv ing out her childhood dream, Goodall made an abrupt career shift, from scie ntist to con servati oni st.Passage 2Scien tists have found the first evide nee that briny water flowed on the surface of Mars as rece ntly as last summer, a paper published on Mon day showed, rais ing the possibility that the pla net could support life.Although the source and the chemistry of the water is unknown, the discovery will cha nge scie ntists ' thinking about whether the pla net that is most like Earth in the solar system could support prese nt day microbial life.The discovery was made whe n scie ntists developed a new tech nique to an alyze chemical maps of the surface of Mars obtained by NASA s Mars Reconnaissanee Orbiter spacecraft.They found telltale fingerprints of salts that form only in the presence of water in narrow channels cut into cliff walls throughout the planet region. s equatorial The slopes appear duri ng the warm summer mon ths on Mars, the n vanish whe n the temperatures drop. Scien tists suspected the streaks were cut by flow ing water, but previously had bee n un able to make the measureme nts.Mars Reconn aissa nce Orbiter makes its measureme nts duri ng the hottest part of the Martian day, so scientists believed any traces of water, or fingerprints from hydrated mi nerals, would have evaporated.Also, the chemical-se nsing in strume nt on the orbit ing spacecraft cannot home in on details as small as the n arrow streaks, which typically are less tha n 16 feet wide.But Ojha and colleagues created a computer program that could scrutinizein dividual pixels. That data was the n correlated with high-resolutio n images of the streaks. Scie ntists concen trated on the widest streaks and came up with a 100 perce nt match betwee n their locati ons and detect ions of hydrated salts.Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (50 points)Passage 1人口问题归根结底是发展问题。
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2017USACO银级第二题
牛奶测量
农场主约翰的每头奶牛最初每天生产G加仑的牛奶(1≤G≤109）。
由于随着时间的推移每头奶牛的产奶量可能会变化，约翰决定定期测量牛奶的产量并将其写在日志本上。
他的日志中的记录条目如下:
35 1234 -2
14 2345+3
第一个条目显示，在第35天，编号1234的奶牛产奶量比上次测量时少了2加仑。
下一个条目显示，在第14天，编号2345的奶牛产奶量比上次测量的时候增加了3加仑。
由于时间问题，约翰每天最多只能测量一次。
不幸的是，他管理有点混乱，没有严格按时间顺序记录他的测量结果。
为了保持奶牛的积极性，农场主约翰自豪地在他的谷仓墙上展示目前牛奶产量最高的奶牛照片(如果产量最高的奶牛有数头，这些奶牛的照片都会得到展示)。
请确定约翰多久需要更换展示墙上的照片。
请注意，农场主约翰有一大群奶牛，所以在他的日志中尽管有一部分奶牛产奶量有变化，但是还有许多其他奶牛的奶产量水平保持G加仑不变。
输入格式(文件measurement.in):
第一行输入包含农夫约翰所做的测量的奶牛数量N(1<N<100,000)，然后是初始产量G。
接下来的N行中每行都包含一次测量，如题目所示格式：特定日期（1-106之间的整数），奶牛的编号ID(1-109的整数)，以及该奶牛的产奶量的变化量，因为它是最后一次测量的(非零整数)。
每头奶牛的产奶量在（0-109）的范围内。
输出格式(文件measurement.out):
请输出农场主约翰需要调整他的展示照片的天数。
样例输入:
4 10
7 3 +3
4 2-1
9 3-1
1 1+2
样例输出:
3。