初中英语现在完成时详解
初中英语现在完成时的知识点归纳
初中英语现在完成时的知识点归纳知识点1：现在完成时的构成现在完成时由助动词have/has加上过去分词构成。
当主语是第三人称单数时，要使用has；其他情况下使用have。
例如：I have finished my homework.（我已经完成了作业）She has eaten breakfast.（她已经吃完早饭）知识点2：现在完成时的用法（1）表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调完成的结果。
例如：I have read that book.（我读过那本书）（强调现在了解并记住这本书的内容）（2）表示过去开始的动作一直持续到现在。
例如：She has lived in London for five years.（她在伦敦住了五年了）（强调过去到现在一直在伦敦住）（3）表示过去开始的动作一直持续到现在，可能还会继续下去。
例如：They have been friends since they were kids.（他们从小就是朋友）（强调过去到现在一直是朋友，可能还会继续保持朋友关系）知识点3：现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时常与以下时间状语连用：just（刚刚）、already（已经）、never（从来没有）、ever（曾经）、yet（还、仍然）、recently （最近）、since（自从）、for（持续了多久）等。
例如：I have just finished my homework.（我刚刚完成了作业）Have you ever been to America?（你去过美国吗？）They haven't seen each other since last year.（他们自从去年就没有见过面了）知识点4：现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时强调的是过去的动作对现在的影响或结果，而一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态。
例如：He has lost his key.（他丢了钥匙，结果是他现在找不到）He lost his key.（他丢了钥匙）知识点5：现在完成时否定句和疑问句的构成现在完成时的否定句和疑问句构成是在助动词have/has之后加not 或否定词，疑问句将助动词have/has提到句首。
初中英语现在完成时详解
如今完成时【1 】一.如今完成时组成组成：如今完成时由助动词have + 曩昔分词组成,助动词have 有人称和数的变更.第三人称单数用has,其余用have.如今完成时的否认式直接在助动词后面加上not.疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前.以study 为例,其否认式.疑问式和简略答复情势如下：1.如今完成时平日暗示在措辞之前已经完成的动作或消失的状况.措辞人强调的是该动作或状况对如今的成果或影响.My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去.I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面.She has arrived. 她到了.2.暗示中断到如今的动作或状况,往往和包含如今在内的暗示一段时光的状语连用,如recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet等.如：I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信.We haven’t seen you recently. 比来我们没有见到你.They have been away for two years. 他们分开已经两年了.She has been with us since Monday.①for+时段②since+曩昔一个时光点（译为：自从……以来）③since+时段+ago④since+从句（曩昔时）⑤It is+时段+since+从句（曩昔时）Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.留意：since和for的差别since后接时光点,如1993,last term, yesterday, the time I got therefor后接一段时光,暗示“长达多久”,如ten years, a while, two days等.3.暗示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等,在完成时当中不克不及和暗示一段时光的状语连用,因为它们暗示的动作不成能中断.是以,不克不及说：He has come here for 2 weeks. ×The old man has died for 4 months. ×They have left only for 5 minutes. ×4.has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的差别Have/Has gone(to) :去了(如今不在措辞现场,可能在路上和已经到)Where is your father?He has gone to Shanghai.Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方）My father has been to Shanghai.Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.5.如今完成时不克不及和暗示曩昔的时光状语连用,如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in,但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用.不克不及与when连用.如今完成时往往同暗示不肯定的曩昔时光状语连用例如：She has already come. 她已经来了.I haven’t read it yet. 我还没读过这个.I have met him before. 我从前曾见过他.Ma Hong has always been a good student. 马红一向是个勤学生.I have often seen him in the street. 我经常在街上看见他.They have never been to Yan’an. 他们从未去过延安.I haven't seen him lately. 我比来没看到他.三.如今完成时的标记1.如今完成时的寄义之一是曩昔完成的动尴尬刁难如今仍有影响,用以下四大标记词可以表达这种寄义:* 以already, just和yet为标记He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮忙.He has just seen the film.他方才看过这场片子.He hasn't come back yet.他还没有回来.* 以ever和never为标记This is the best film I have ever seen.这是我曾看过的最好的一部片子.He has never been to Beijing.他从没有到过北京.* 以动作产生的次数为标记He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了.* 以so far（到今朝为止）为标+beforeHe has got to Beijing so far.到今朝为止他已到了北京.She has passed the exam so far.到今朝为止她已经经由过程了测验.2.曩昔已经开端的动作一向延续到如今, 甚至有可能中断延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特征和“时光”点段的区分入手,进一步进修如今完成时.①for+时段②since+曩昔一个时光点（曩昔从句）为标记四. 刹时动词buy, die, join, come,go ,leave, join ……不克不及直接与for since 连用.要转变动词buy----have borrow -----keepcome/arrive/reach/get to-----be ingo out----be out leave ----be awaybegin-----be on finish----be overopen----be open close -----be closeddie----be dead1.have代替buyMy brother has had(不克不及用has bought) this bike for almost four years.2.用keep或have代替borrowI have kept(不克不及用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.3.用be替代becomeHow long has your sister been a teacher?4.用have a cold代替catch a coldTom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.5.用wear代替put on6.用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词be＋married代marry be＋ill代fall (get) illbe＋dead代die be＋asleep代fall (get) asleepbe＋awake代wake/wake up be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leavebe＋open代open be closed代close/shutbe＋missing(gone,lost)代lose7.用“be＋副词”代终止性动词be＋on代startbegin“be＋up”代get up“be＋back(to)”代return to, come back to, go back to“be here (there)”代come(arrive, reach, get) here或go (arrive, reach, get) there8.用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to2.用be in the army 代替join the army3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to经常应用刹时动词变延续性动词表：1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.→have been in sw./at…响应的介词2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back3. have come/gone out →have been out4. have become → have been5. have closed / opened→ have been close/open6. have got up → have been up;7. have died → have been dead;8. have left sw. → have been away fro m sw.9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have been asleep;10. have finished/ended/completed → have been over;11. have married → have been married;12. have started/begun to do sth. → have done sth. ;13. have begun → have been on14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/had15. have lost → haven’t had16. have put on →have worn17. have caught /get a cold → have had a cold;18. have got to know → have known19. have/has gone to → have been in20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Par ty/the army→have been a member of/ have been in/have been the Party’s member/the league member/the soldier…。
初中英语现在完成时讲解
完成时态1。
用法：①过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：强调结果E。
g：Yesterday I finished my homework, that's to say, I have finished my homeworknow。
②过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续E。
g.::I have lived here since 1990。
2. 现在完成时的构成have\has+过去分词3. 现在完成时的四个基本句型肯定句He has finished the work.一般疑问句Has he finished the work?否定句He has not finished the work.两回答Yes ，he has。
No，he hasn’t.特殊疑问句What has he done?4。
在下列情形下用现在完成时（1）九词语①already已经肯定句中或句尾e.g.:I have already found my pen.= I have found my pen already.②yet已经否定句和疑问句句尾e.g。
：I have not finished the work yet.Have you bought a computer yet?③ever曾经句中e.g.：Have you ever seen pandas？④never从不句中e。
g.:I have never been to Beijing.⑤just刚刚句中e。
g.：I have just done my work.⑥before以前句尾e.g。
：I have never been there before。
⑦so far到目前为止e。
g.：So far he has learnt 200 words。
⑧how long多久e。
g.：How long have you lived here？⑨how many times多少次e.g.：How many times has he been to Beijing？(2)两词组have〈has>gone to去了某地e。
初中英语语法 现在完成时
初中英语语法现在完成时初中英语语法现在完成时1、现在完成时的构成：现在完成时是由“助动词have/has+动词过去分词”构成的。
①助动词have/has可以与主语缩写为’ve/’s。
e.g. I have → I’ve We have → We’ve He has → He’s It has → It’s②规则变化的过去分词与动词过去式一样。
③不规则变化的动词过去分词见表。
2、现在完成时的基本句型。
①陈述句肯定形式。
e.g. I have had lunch. 我已经吃过午饭了。
He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京了。
②陈述句否定形式。
(在助动词have/has后+not，可缩写为haven’t/hasn’t)e.g. I haven’t had lunch. 我还未吃午饭。
He hasn’t gone to Beijing. 他还没有去北京。
③一般疑问句形式及其答语。
(将助动词have/has提前，答语一般用have, has回答)e.g. Have you had lunch? 你吃过午饭了没? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.Has he gone to Beijing? 他去过北京了没有? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.否定回答还可以用：No, not yet. / No, never. / No, not even once等。
④特殊疑问句形式。
(疑问词+一般疑问句)e.g. Where has he gone? 他去了哪里?3、现在完成时的三个基本用法。
(1) 现在完成时的第一个基本用法表示过去发生或已完成的某一个动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
e.g. Have you had lunch? Yes, I have. I’ve just had it. 你吃过午饭没?有，吃过了，我刚刚吃的。
(影响及结果：我现在饱了，不需要了)He has gone to Beijing. 他已经去北京了。
初二现在完成时全解
【初二】现在完成时全解现在完成时是初二下学期要学到的语法内容，也是初中三年的重点和难点。
一. 现在完成时基本结构①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词）二. 现在完成时用法1. 现在完成时用来表示过去已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。
也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。
I have already posted the photo.我已经邮寄出了照片。
与此种用法连用的时间状语时一些模糊的过去时间状语，如already （肯定句）, yet（否定句/疑问句）, just, before, recently, still, lately, never 等。
2. 现在完成时也可用来表示动作或状态发生在过去某一时刻，持续到现在并且有可能会继续持续下去。
He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。
(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。
)此种用法常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用。
谓语动词必须是延续性动词。
有些瞬间动词可变为延续动词：go out----be outfinish----be overopen----be opendie----be deadbuy---havefall ill---be illcome back----be backcatch a cold----have a cold三. 现在完成时常见考法对于现在完成时的考查，多以单选、句型转换或词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。
在考试中，会让大家判断是否该用现在完成时，或者是考查“瞬间动词”不能与表示一段时间的状语连用”这一知识点。
[精]初中英语语法现在完成时专题讲解
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初中英语语法现在完成时专题讲解1.现在完成时谓语动词的结构形式（1）现在完成时谓语动词的结构形式：助动词have/has+过去分词。
has用于主语为第三人称单数的句子中国，其他各人称用have。
如：I have lived Wuhan for years.She has finished her homework already.（2）现在完成时一般疑问句、否定句、特殊疑问句结构及一般疑问句的答语：*一般疑问句为：将have/has在句子开头，且首字母要大写，句末用问号。
*肯定回答为：Yes，+主语的相应代词+have或has；*否定回答为：No，+主语的相应代词+haven't或hasn’t；*否定句为：在have，has后加not+过去分词。
Have和has可以和not缩写为haven't，hasn't。
*特殊疑问句为：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+......？如：—Have you read the article in today's newspaper?（一般疑问句）—Yes，I have./No，I haven’t.（肯定、否定回答）—Have your mother finish cooking ?（一般疑问句）—Yes，she has./No，she hasn’t.（肯定、否定回答）They haven’t written to their parents.（否定句）Where have you been all this afternoon?（特殊疑问句）2.现在完成时的用法（1）现在完成时表示目前为止已经完成的动作，常与just，already，yet，ever，never，recently，before，twice，three times等时间状语连用。
这种用法的特点在于动作发生在过去，而强调的是目前的结果或状态。
如：I have seen the film already.Have you seen my bag?He has bought a new car recently?I haven’t heard from Jane lately.。
初中现在完成时讲解完整版
• 2. _____ he ____ (finish) his work today? Not yet. Has, finished
• 3. My father ____ just ____ (come) back from work. He is tired now. has, come
• 4. Where’s Li Ming ? He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office. has gone
He has lived in Beijing since 5 years ago.
since , for 的用法:
•since: (自…以来)
1)since+时间点 NhomakorabeaTake notes
He has stayed here since 5 o’clock. 2)since+ 时间段+ ago
He has stayed here since 5 hours ago. 3)since+ 从句
Present Perfect Tense
现在完成时
past
present(now)
future
现在完成时的结构 主语 + have/ has + 过去分词（pp）
助动词,无意义
Winter has already come， will it still be far in spring ?
现在完成时的结构
She has taught English since he came here.
• for: (长达）
for+ 时间段
He has kept the book for 2 weeks.
初中英语现在完成时讲解
英语中，现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense）是一个描述过去经历和现在状态的时态。
它的构成是由助动词have/has加上过去分词构成。
第一人称和第二人称的构成是have + 过去分词，第三人称单数是has + 过去分词。
例如：I have seen the movie. （我看过这部电影。
）She has finished the homework.（她完成了作业。
）We have been to London. （我们去过伦敦。
）注意，现在完成时强调的是过去经历和现在状态之间的联系，并不能用于描述固定的过去时间。
例如，“我昨天看了一部电影”应该使用过去时，而不是现在完成时。
现在完成时常用于以下情况：表示过去发生的事情对现在仍有影响或者结果。
例如：I have lost my phone.（我把手机丢了。
）She has been sick for a week. （她已经病了一周了。
）表示过去的经历或者动作与现在的状态有关系。
例如：I have learned English for three years.（我学英语已经有三年了。
）He has lived in New York since 2010.（他自从2010年以来一直住在纽约。
）表示动作刚刚完成，或者还有可能发生。
例如：I have just finished my homework.（我刚刚完成了我的作业。
）They haven't arrived yet. （他们还没有到。
）需要注意的是，现在完成时和过去完成时之间的区别。
过去完成时（Past Perfect Tense）用于表示过去某一时刻之前已经完成的动作，而现在完成时用于描述过去经历和现在状态之间的联系。
总之，现在完成时是一种非常常用且重要的时态。
正确使用它能够使我们的英语表达更加准确和自然。
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I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.
3、用be替代become
How long has your sister been a teacher?
4、用have a cold代替catch a cold
2.用be in the army?代替join the army
3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to
常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表：
1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.
→have been in sw./at…相应的介词
6. have got up → have been up；
7. have died → have been dead；
8. have left sw. → have been away from sw.
9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have been asleep；
2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back
3. have come/gone out →have been out
4. have become → have been
5. have closed / opened→ have been close/open
2、表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently,already, just,lately, for…, since…,yet等。如：
I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。
We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。
“be＋back(to)”代return to, come back to, go back to
“be here (there)”代come(arrive, reach, get) here或go (arrive, reach, get) there
8、用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词
1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to
She has passed the exam so far. 到目前为止她已经通过了考试。
2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在, 甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时。
①for+时段??②since+过去一个时间点（过去?从句）为标志
四、?瞬间动词
14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/had
15. have lost → haven’t had
16. have put on →have worn
17. have caught /get a cold → have had a cold；
18. have got to know → have known
Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.
5、用wear代替put on
6、用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词
be＋married代marrybe＋ill代fall (get) ill
be＋dead代diebe＋asleep代fall (get) asleep
buy, die, join, come，go ,leave, join ……不能直接与for since?连用。要改变动词
buy----have??borrow -----keep
come/arrive/reach/get to-----be in???
go out----be out??leave ----be away
Yes, you have. No, you haven’t.
Have you not (Haven’t you) studied…?
Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.
Has he not (Hasn’t he) studied…?
Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.
现在完成时
一、现在完成时构成
构成：现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成，助动词have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has，其余用have.
现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：
否定式
疑问式
I have not (haven’t) studied….
现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用
例如：
She has already come. 她已经来了。
I haven’t read it yet. 我还没读过这个。
I have met him before. 我从前曾见过他。
Ma Hong has always been a good student. 马红一直是个好学生。
be＋awake代wake/wake upbe＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave
be＋open代openbe closed代close/shut
be＋missing(gone,lost)代lose
7、用“be＋副词”代终止性动词
be＋on代startbegin“be＋up”代get up
begin-----be on?????finish----be over
open----be open???close -----be closed
die----be dead
1、have代替buy
My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.
They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。
She has been with us since Monday.
①for+时段
②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）
③since+时段+ago
④since+从句（过去时）
⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）
I have often seen him in the street. 我经常在街上看见他。
They have never been to Yan’an. 他们从未去过延安。
I haven't seen him lately. 我近来没看到他。
三、现在完成时的标志
1、现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:
二、现在完成时用法
1、现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。
My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。
I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。
She has arrived. 她到了。
They have left only for 5 minutes. ×
4、has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in)?的区别
Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场，可能在路上和已经到)
Where is your father?He has gone to Shanghai.
10. have finished/ended/completed → have been over；
11. have married → have been married；
12. have started/begun to do sth. → have done sth.?；
13. have begun → have been on
Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方）
My father has been to Shanghai.
Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）
My father has been in Shanghai?for two months. /since two months ago.
5、现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in，但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用。不能与when连用。
*?以already, just和yet为标志
He?has already got?her help. 他已得到她的帮助。
He?has just seen?the film. 他刚刚看过这场电影。
He?hasn't come?back?yet. 他还没有回来。
*?以 best film I?have ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。
19. have/has gone to → have been in
20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army→have been a member of/ have been in/have been the Party’s member/the league member/the soldier…