北京语言大学考博英语题型分析

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北京外国语大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析(精)教学提纲

北京外国语大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析Directions:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5, choose the most suitable one from the list A―G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.A new volcano was being born.Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba ,huo jia zi xun qq: qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi.The volcano in the cornfield grew until it was bigger than the cornfield! 1 People called the volcano the Little Monster because it grew so fast. Scientists came from all over the world to study it and watch it grow. It is not often that people get a chance to watch a volcano from the very beginning.Most of the volcanoes have been here for a very long time. Some have been here so long that now they are cold. They are called dead volcanoes. They have stopped throwing out fire and melted rock and smoke. It is safe to walk on them. Farms are plowed on the quiet slopes, and people have built houses there.Some volcanoes have stopped throwing out hot rock, but they still smoke a little now and then. They are "sleeping" volcanoes. Sometime they may "wake up".2Today volcanoes are not so dangerous for people as they were along time ago. Now we know more about why volcanoes do what they do, and we can usually tell when they are going to do it. 3People used to think dragons under the earth caused volcanoes. They said the smoke that puffed above the ground was the dragon's breath. They said the earthquakes were caused by the dragon's moving around down in the earth. Now we know that this is not true. Another thing we know about volcanoes is that they don't happen just anywhere. 4 Scientists know where these places are, and maps have been made to let everybody know.There are different kinds of volcanoes. Some explode so violently that the rock goes high into the air and falls miles away. A volcano may shoot out ashes so high that they float all the way around the world. They have made the sunsets green and the snow purple. 5One very tall volcano stays fiery red at the top all the time. It is lucky that the volcano is near the ocean. Sailors can use it for a lighthouse.[A]Othervolcanoes are more gentle. The hot lava rises in their cones and overflows, rolling slowly down the mountainside, where it becomes cool and hard.[B]Black smoke puffed out. Hot ashes fell like black snowflakes. Hot rock and fire and lava shot out.[C]Smokepuffed up, and rock started popping up out of a crack that opened in the ground.[D]Avolcano named Vesuvius slept for a thousand years. But it woke up and threw out so much hot melted rock that it buried the buildings of two cities.[E]Beforea sleeping volcano wakes up, it usually makes a noise like faraway thunder, and the ground shakes in small earthquakes. People are warned and have time to get away safely.[F]Avolcano starts from a hole in the ground from which hot rock and smoke and steam come out. Far, far under the ground it is so hot that rock melts. This hot meltedrock, or lava, is sometimes pushed out of the earth through a hole or a crack in the ground. The steam inside the earth pushes the rock out.[G]Thereare certain places under the earth where the rock is broken in a way that lets the steam and hot rock escape to the outside more easily.答案及详解1.B。

北京语言大学考博英语真题核心词汇辨析

北京语言大学考博英语真题核心词汇辨析1.abundant，plentiful这两个形容词都有“充足的”之意。

abundant a.(数量)充足的，常用于人、物产、资源、雨量等，含有“过多”之意。

Oil is in abundant supply in this country.这个国家石油供应十分充裕。

plentiful a.丰富的，充足的，常用于食物、收获、财产等，不能用于时间、空间、思想等方面。

Eggs are plentiful at this moment.现在鸡蛋很多。

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2.accent，tone，dialect这三个名词意思相近，容易混淆。

accent n.口音，指某一地区语言的发音特征;重音。

He speaks English with a Spanish accent.他讲英语带有西班牙口音。

tone n.语气，音调，指说话人的口气或声音的高低、轻重等。

He speaks to his baby in soft tones.他用柔和的语调和他的婴儿说话。

dialect n.方言，土语，地方话，指一个地区人们所使用的语言。

the Yorkshire dialect约克郡方言the Sichuan dialect四川方言3.access，assess这两个词为一组“形近易混词”。

access n.接近，进入。

The people living in these apartments have free access to thatswimming pool.住在这些公寓里的人可以免费地进入游泳池。

assess v.评估(财产，价值)。

I assessed how much it would cost to build a new apartment.我评估了一下建一套新的公寓要多少钱。

北京语言大学考博英语辅导：考博英语阅读理解习题

北京语言大学考博英语辅导：考博英语阅读理解习题Western airliner manufacturers seem to be tripping over themselves in their eagerness to sign collaborative agreements with Asian partners as a low-cost route to developing new airliners.Their potential Asian partners seem to be tripping over themselves to sign such agreements，as a low-cost route to acquiring new airliner technology.If they are not careful the two sides will end up tripping over each other：the one by selling its birth-right for short-term gain，the other by trying to break into a market which isn‘t big enough to sustain it.examdaTechnology transfer works in a growing market，where the aspirations of the new entrant receiving that technology can be met through expansion.The airliner market is not such a device.Even the most optimistic projections of airliner sales for the next20years show that airliner manufacture can only be profitable if a small number of aircraft builders share the available sales.It follows that if new manufacturers come into the market and take sales，their sales must come from substitution，not expansion.Given the complexity of today‘s airliners，it is unlikely that any new entrant will have both the financial and technical resources to come into the market without the involvement of an established manufacturer.In the short term，such involvement may not be to the exclusive benefit of the new entrant：most of the established manufacturers are searching for ways to reduce costs of manufacture.In the short term，it can be of benefit to an established Western manufacturer to have either components of complete air–frames made or assembled in lower-wage economics such a China，Taiwan or Korea，while retaining thedesign，development and marketing of aircraft for itself.It would be a very unwise Western manufacturer which did not heed the fact that these developing economies are acquiring skills（like computing）at least as quickly as they are acquiring skills in metallbashing.The danger comes when the new entrant no longer needs the established Western partner because it has acquired the technical and intellectual ability to design and build its own aircraft.An Asian partner may well find itself in the happy position of having the low-cost labour base，the high-cost technology base and the vital financial base to build a new airliner.1.The author‘s attitude towards Western/eastern collaboration can be depicted as ________.A.positiveB.progressiveC.conservativeD.negative2.“The airliner market is not such a device”means that the airliner market _______.A.does not encourage technology transfer.examdaB.is too limited to offer chances of successC.requires hi-tech rather than unaccepted devicesD.is full of competitions even for new entrants3.Established manufacturers search for partners in order to_______.A.save the cost of the airframeB.improve some aircraft componentsC.save the cost of labourD.develop new technology4.According to the author，a wise established manufacturer should______.A.try to benefit from both financial and technical resourcesB.break up his partnership with the East once profits are madeC.keep a tight told over hi-tech development and marketing of airlinersD.collaborate with Asian partners for a short time5.The word“base”in the last paragraph represents_______.A.a production placeB.the initial operation of building aircraftC.a research instituteD.a position where to start building答案：CDADA本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。

2010年北京外国语考博英语阅读理解真题完全解析

２０１０年北京外国语考博英语阅读理解真题完全解析The bride and groom, a guitar-wielding rock vixen and a muscle-rippling dragon-slayer, make an odd couple—so it is hardly surprising that nobody expected their marriage. But on December 2nd the video-game companies behind “Guitar Hero” and “World of Warcraft”, Activision and Vivendi Games respectively, announced plans for an elaborate merger. Vivendi, a French media group, will pool its games unit, plus $1.7 billion in cash, with Activision; the combined entity will then offer to buy back shares from Activision shareholders, raising Vivendi's stake in the resulting firm to as much as 68%.（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ: s i jiu san san qi yi liu er liu ）Activision's boss, Bobby Kotick, will remain at the helm of the new company, to be known as Activision Blizzard in recognition of Vivendi's main gaming asset: its subsidiary Blizzard Entertainment, the firm behind “World of Warcraft”, an online swords-and-sorcery game with 9.3m subscribers. The deal was unexpected, but makes excellent strategic sense, says Piers Harding-Rolls of Screen Digest, a consultancy. Activision has long coveted “World of Warcraft”, and Vivendi gets a bigger games division and Activision's talented management team to run it. As well as making sense for both parties, the $18.9 billion deal—the biggest ever in the video-games industry—says a lot about the trends now shaping the business.The first is a push into new markets, especially online multiplayer games, which are particularly popular in Asia, and “casual” games that appeal to people who do not regard themselves as gamers. “World of Warcraft”is the world's most popular online subscription-based game and is hugely lucrative. Blizzard will have revenues of $1.1 billion this year and operating profits of $520m. “World of Warcraft” is really “a social network with many entertainment components,” says Mr Kotick.Similarly, he argues, “Guitar Hero” and other games that use new kinds of controller, rather than the usual buttons and joysticks, are broadening the appeal of gaming by emphasising its social aspects, since they are easy to pick up and can be played with friends. Social gaming, says Mr Kotick, is “the most powerful trend” building new audiences for the industry. He is clearly excited at the prospect of using Blizzard's expertise to launch an online version of “Guitar Hero” for Asian markets. Online music games such as “Audition Online”, which started in South Korea, are “massive in Asia,” says Mr Harding-Rolls.A second trend is media groups' increasing interest in gaming. Vivendi owns UniversalMusic, one of the “big four” record labels. As the record industry's sales decline, it makes sense to move into gaming, a younger, faster-growing medium with plenty of cross-marketing opportunities. (Activision might raid Universal's back catalogue for material for its music games, for example, which might in turn boost music sales.) Other media groups are going the same way. Last year Viacom, an American media giant, acquired Harmonix, the company that originally created “Guitar Hero”. It has been promoting its new game, “Rock Band”, using its MTV music channel. Viacom has also created online virtual worlds that tie in with several of its television programmes, such as “Laguna Beach” and “Pimp My Ride”. Disney bought Club Penguin, a virtual world for children, in August. And Time Warner is involved in gaming via its Warner Bros Home Entertainment division, which publishes its own titles and last month bought TT Games, the British firm behind the “Lego Star Wars” games.1. The merger of these two companies are out of expection because_____[A] they aim to design marriage games which sound really weird.[B] it is difficult for big companies of two different nations to end up in successful cooperation.[C] their games are by no means similar to each other in terms of their styles.[D] it would be illegal for them to buy back the shares.2. Why Piers Harding-Rolls thinks this marriage has strategic sense?[A] Activision has been longing to cooperate with “World of Warcraft”.[B] Vivendi could get bigger portion and better management resources from Activision.[C] This deal is beneficial to both sides for they can combine their talents to make various games.[D] This deal make them become decisive factor of this industry’s trend in the future.3. The word “lucrative” (Line 3, Paragraph 3) most probably means_____[A] profitable.[B] luxurious.[C] entertaining.[D] populous.4. The first trend shaping the industry is _____[A] pushing people online to develop their own games.[B] building new audiences for the new network of games.[C] promoting games with new kinds of controller.[D] expanding the reign of traditional games and creating new market.5.From the two trends we can infer that_____[A] this merger is a great success because it goes along with both trends.[B] this deal can strengthen both parties to surpass the other media giants.[C] this allied group is powerful enough to shape the industry’s trends.[D] it is indeed of strategic sense to have initiate and carry out the merger.篇章剖析：本篇文章讲述了两个游戏公司Activision和Vivendi的“联姻”。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：62

2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题We have been hearing ______ accounts of your work.问题1选项A.favoredB.favorableC.favoriteD.favoring【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。

favored“有利的；收到优待的”；favorable“有利的；赞许的”；favorite“最喜爱的”；favoring“顺利的；有帮助的”。

句意：我们一直在听……你工作的报道。

因此B选项符合题意。

2.单选题Some might consider it an ugly truth that attractive people are often more successful than those ________ blessed with looks.问题1选项A.lessB.moreC.mostD.least 【答案】A【解析】考查语法知识。

根据题干中more…than结构可知空格处应填写比较级与之对应，因此排除C和D。

而attractive与blessed with looks表达同义，无法比较，因此空格处应选择否定意义。

句意：有些人可能会认为这是一个丑陋的事实，有吸引力的人往往比那些颜值没那么高的人更成功。

因此A选项符合题意。

3.单选题Since no one could ( ) his scribbling, the chief editor decided to replace him with another columnist.问题1选项A.encodeB.decipherC.clearD.identify【答案】B4.单选题Western man is himself being Westernized by his own speed-up, （）by industrial technology. 问题1选项A.as much the Africans are detribalizedB.the Africans are much being detribalizedC.as much as the Africans are being detribalizedD.as much as the Africans are detribalized【答案】C【解析】考查固定用法。

北京语言大学考博英语阅读真题及其解析

北京语言大学考博英语阅读真题及其解析Roger Rosenblatt''s book Black Fiction,in attempting to applyliterary rather than sociopolitical criteria to itssubject,successfully alters the approach taken by most previousstudies.As Rosenblatt notes,criticism of Black writing has oftenserved as a pretext for expounding on Black history.Addison Gayle''srecent work,for example,judges the value of Black fiction by overtlypolitical standards,rating each work according to the notions ofBlack identity which it propounds.Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances，its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than Geng duoyuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xiquan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiuqi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi ideological,andtalking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideologycircumvents much of the fictional enterprise.Rosenblatt''s literaryanalysis discloses affinities and connections among works of Blackfiction which solely political studies have overlooked or ignored.Writing acceptable criticism of Black fiction,however,presupposes giving satisfactory answers to a number of questions.First of all,is there a sufficient reason,other than the facialidentity of the authors,to group together works by Black authors？Second,how does Black fiction make itself distinct from other modernfiction with which it is largely contemporaneous？Rosenblatt showsthat Black fiction constitutes a distinct body of writing that hasan identifiable，coherent literary tradition.Looking at novels written by Black over the last eighty years,he discovers recurring concerns and designs independent of chronology.These structures are thematic,and they spring,not surprisingly,from the central fact that the Black characters in these novels exist in a predominantly white culture,whether they try to conform to that culture or rebel against it.Black Fiction does leave some aesthetic questions open. Rosenblatt''s thematic analysis permits considerable objectivity;he even explicitly states that it is not his intention to judge the merit of the various works—yet his reluctance seems misplaced,especially since an attempt to appraise might have led to interesting results. For instance,some of the novels appear to be structurally diffuse. Is this a defect,or are the authors working out of,or trying to forge, a different kind of aesthetic?In addition,the style of some Black novels,like Jean Toomer''s Cane,verges on expressionism or surrealism;does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which Black heroes are pitted,a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression？In spite of such omissions,what Rosenblatt does include in his discussion makes for an astute and worthwhile study.Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels,bringing to our attention in the process some fascinating and little-known works like James WeldonJohnson''s Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man.Its argument is tightly constructed,and its forthright,lucid style exemplifies levelheaded and penetrating criticism.1.The author of the text is primarily concerned with__________.[A]evaluating the soundness of a work of criticism.[B]comparing various critical approaches to a subject.[C]discussing the limitations of a particular kind of criticism.[D]summarizing the major points made in a work of criticism.2.The author of the text believes that Black Fiction would have been improved had Rosenblatt__________.[A]evaluated more carefully the ideological and historical aspects of Black fiction.[B]attempted to be more objective in his approach to novels and stories by Black authors.[C]explored in greater detail the recurrent thematic concerns of Black fiction throughout its history.[D]assessed the relative literary merit of the novels he analyzes thematically.3.The author''s discussion of Black Fiction can be best described as__________.[A]pedantic and contentious.[B]critical but admiring.[C]ironic and deprecating.[D]argumentative but unfocused.4.The author of the text employs all of the following in the discussion of Rosenblatt''s book EXCEPT：__________.[A]rhetorical questions.[B]specific examples.[C]comparison and contrast.[D]definition of terms.5.The author of the text refers to James Weldon Johnson''s Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man most probably in order to__________.[A]point out affinities between Rosenblatt''s method of thematic analysis and earlier criticism.[B]clarify the point about expressionistic style made earlier in the passage.[C]qualify the assessment of Rosenblatt''s book made in the first paragraph of the passage.[D]give a specific example of one of the accomplishments of Rosenblatt''s work.[答案与考点解析]「答案」A「考点解析」这是一道中心主旨题。

北京语言大学考博英语真题常见否定句式解析

北京语言大学考博英语真题常见否定句式解析一、持续否定在同一个句子中重复使用同一否定词，也可用不同否定词来加强语气，这种情况就是持续否定。

例句：The problem is very difficult and obscure：health care costs have not been，aren t，and won t continue to increase faster than government revenues.分析：该句是并列句。

译文：问题晦涩难懂，那就是在过去、现在和将来健康福利的支出都不会比政府税收增加得快。

二、省略否定在上下文环境中，否定结构可用省略的形式。

例句：——Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kids.——I hope not.(选自2007年Part C)分析：上一分句为简单句，下一分句为省略相同成分的简单句。

译文：——父母可以为他们的孩子做许多事情来保障他们在步入成年前有一个安全的环境。

——我并不希望如此。

三、转换否定英语中有些句子形式上是肯定而实际上表示否定含义，也有些句子形式上是否定而实际上表示肯定含义。

例句：Young scientists cannot realize too soon that existing scientific knowledge is not nearly so complete，certain and unalterable as many textbooks seem to imply.分析：该句为复合句，其中can t be too后接形容词意为“越……越好，再……也不过分”，本句中cannot realize too soon同为此结构，另外not nearly意为“远不”。

北京大学考博英语试题评论

北京大学考博英语试题评论第一部分还是听力，分为三节。

唯一不同的是第三节，不是整篇文章中留出空格听写单词，而是在所念文章中选出十几个句子，留出空格让考生填。

今年的听力效果不是很好，朗读人读的似乎有些含糊而且语速非常快，加之北大听力是直接用喇叭播放，所以部分考生反应不爽。

而且，难点还在于每段对话后只留出几秒，让答出2到3个问题，这是十分考验考生的能力的。

第二部分是语法词汇。

今年似乎比历年看起来都要简单，因为基本上没有纯的选词题，没有生僻词，都是侧重考语法结构的。

所以考前记忆大量偏词没什么必要。

本人就记忆了一部分较难词汇，但没有派什么用场。

还是要把一些常用的词弄准、弄熟、把语法抠准。

这部分的题目为20分，如果做到以上说的，是一个大大的拿分点。

第三部分是阅读。

还是首先是三篇短文。

总体看来，今年的短文阅读题没有大量的生词，基本上意思都能够读懂，细心一点应该没有问题。

接着就是英语解释，也就是英翻英了，划出的五个句子生词较少，意思基本能懂，关键是如何用其他的句式和词汇来表达了。

本人这部分做得不是很爽，因为平时也没有多下工夫练习。

第四部分是完型填空，说的是微软公司的事情，要耐心的看上下文，才能发现应该填写的词是什么。

这个题型是北大的特色，没有选项，自己琢磨。

第五部分是改错，说的是大学筹募的事情。

有几处错误比较明显，但有几处较难，本人就有好几处是蒙着写的。

最后是作文，250字到300字，说的是对中药目前的尴尬局面的评论。

对于大家而言，对这个话题都有能说的，先打个腹稿，再利用一些套路模版，基本就可以应付了。

本人一向重答题速度而不重答题质量。

提前将近一个小时答完卷子，检查了一遍，改了几处，大部分是不知道对错不敢轻易改的。

关于改错题那几处难的’的地方，本人到最后一分种还在挣扎着想，最终还是无果。

另外，北大考试不给草稿纸，自己是在桌子上写的作文提纲。

总体上说，北大英语试题逐步步向规范化，标准化，不再以难词、生僻词卡人（96年到99年的试题可以叫人发狂，四个选项单词一个不认识），而重在考察考生的英语能力和综合素质。

2024 年博士研究生学位英语考试题型

2024 年博士研究生学位英语考试题型
2024年博士研究生学位英语考试题型主要分为以下几类：
1. 听力理解：这部分测试考生的英语听力能力，主要包括对话、短文及问题。

考生需要根据所听内容选择正确答案。

2. 词汇与语法：这部分测试考生的英语词汇和语法知识，主要包括填空、选择题等形式。

3. 阅读理解：这部分测试考生的英语阅读能力，主要包括阅读短文及问题。

考生需要根据短文内容选择正确答案。

4. 完形填空：这部分测试考生的语境理解和词汇运用能力，考生需要根据短文内容及语境，从所给选项中选择最佳答案填入空白处。

5. 写作：这部分测试考生的英语书面表达能力，主要包括命题作文、图表作文等。

考生需要根据题目要求撰写文章或完成图表作文。

6. 翻译：这部分测试考生的英汉互译能力，主要包括英译汉和汉译英两种形式。

考生需要准确翻译所给短文或句子。

需要注意的是，不同地区和高校的博士研究生学位英语考试题型可能略有差异，具体题型以实际考试大纲为准。

建议考生参考历年真题和考试大纲进行复习备考。

北京外国语大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析(精)

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2015北京语言大学考博英语历年真题一、招考介绍从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。

攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。

二、北京语言大学考博英语题型Part1:听力15分，20小题。

Part2：阅读理解40分，20小题。

Part3：翻译30分，短文内指定的5句话。

Part4：写作15分，150-200字左右。

三、考博英语必备参考书育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。

在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售，也可以联系我们直接购买。

四、联系导师在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。

大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。

因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。

一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。

在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。

如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。

通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。

导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种：（1）、欢迎报考。

这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。

我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。

（2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。

很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。

其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。

(3）、你的研究方向和我一样......各种一大堆他的研究方向和你相关，欢迎报考什么的话。

不可否认，这是最好的情况，你可以放心的去考，一般不会出问题的。

但不排除偶然，像出现直博和本学校的硕转博名额问题，可能会给我们的报考和录取产生影响。

总之考博凭的是实力和自身的本事，关系只是占一部分，自己努力了就行，不用过分纠结于导师回复有没有啥隐含意思的。

初次联系好导师后，一定要注意跟导师保持联系。

每半个月或者一个月向导师汇报一下学习情况或者复习情况，交流一下科研方向，这很有必要。

一方面让导师觉得你很想去跟他深造，另一方面显得你虔诚好学。

五、听力答题技巧1、卷子发下来后快速的浏览一遍，包括题干和答案。

这样会大大提高你对听力的理解---知道它是讲什么内容，大概是怎么回事。

联系我们扣扣：四一六九二五五五九。

电话：四零零六六八六九七八。

扣扣群：一零五六一九八二零。

2、没听懂的题目，就放弃它，千万不要在听下道题的时候还在想上道题。

这样会引起头脑的混乱。

3、相信第一感觉，听力部分不是非常确凿的感觉的话不要改动开始的答案。

人的大脑有时候会混淆的。

因此很多情况下不是你选错了，而是改错了。

因此轻易别选，但是选了之后轻易别改。

(1)提炼选项中的重要信息考生务必先看选项。

当录音人开始宣读Directions时，考生应充分利用这段时间速读选项，预测考点，从而做到心中有数。

通过先看选项，可以明确题目多方面的信息。

(2)掌握节奏合理安排时间可能没有哪种考试对时间安排的要求比听力考试还要苛刻。

“录音不等人”，所以很多考生答题时都很紧张。

其实，听力考试每分钟阅读的字数和停顿时间有严格限制：约每分钟140词，每个问题后有约15秒停顿。

拍子已经固定，我们要做的是跟上节奏，过分的紧张只会造成混乱，直接影响发挥。

答题时，考生切勿在某一题上花费过多的时间(一般少于10秒/题)，剩余的时间用于阅读下一题的选项和大胆猜测考点。

一旦没有听懂就根据已经掌握的信息迅速猜一个答案，马上进入下一题的节奏。

千万不可拖泥带水，否则破坏了节奏，可能造成随后的简单题目失分。

答案选定后可放松一口气，然后尽可能多看下一题乃至两题的选项。

(3)听力是一种Paraphrase考试Paraphrase就是运用同类词语的替换或句型的变换解释句或段的意义。

听力考试多数时候是一种paraphrase考试，它往往考的不是考生是否听见，而是考考生是否听懂。

把命题中的对话和段落原封不动地照搬到答案里，等着考生把它挑出来，在考博听力考试中这种题型几乎找不到。

绝大多数题目，要求考生把听到的原文进行变换和归纳，对应到选项中。

如此一来，我们不光得竖起耳朵听，还得开动脑筋想。

这就造成有的考生听懂了原文的每个字，却选不出答案。

要避免这种情况，请注意正确答案的固定特征：(4)听懂语调和重音英语和汉语一样，说话人通过各种各样的语调和重音的变化表达不同的意思。

考博听力中，专业的录音人更是力求表演得真实，他们绝不会用平淡的语调表示自己的惊讶，也绝不会把重音放在无关紧要的词上。

重读的每一处都具有提示作用。

因而，从录音人的表现中就能推测出人物的心理活动、观点和态度。

重音和语调是最为重要的线索。

辨认录音人语调中的信息在听力考试中比听懂单个词更重要。

(5)针对题型逐个演练不管是对话还是文段，听力考试的提问可分主题题型、细节题型、推断题型和语言点题型四大类。

我们可以在平时的练习中有意识的总结做题的方法和技巧。

六、阅读理解的解题技巧其实考博阅读的技巧是有针对性的，看整篇文章就是为了弄清文章的框架，具体的问题我们可以不管，但文章的层次必须弄清楚。

只有弄清了文章的层次，具体的问题才好归类，结合课后问题才能快速定位问题答案。

另外我发现考博的题目基本都围绕在文章的各层次主干上，细枝末节上基本没有涉题，于是就会发现，原文几百字的文章，真正需要了解的只有主干的几十字而已，其余的东西都可省。

当我们划去冗余，就会发现几十字的文章骨架基本覆盖所有的问题。

可见，对于考博阅读，若要高效正确的征服，必须学会快速分析文章的主干。

这就是基于逻辑的阅读，上升到理论层面的阅读模式。

下面进行具体分析：（1）主旨在英语阅读中要弄清楚层次，个人以为要弄清文章主旨，段落中心以及段落内部的次中心，这些在一些文章主旨题和一些细节题上很受用。

常规的文章主旨都会有其固定的出现地点:首段末尾处、第二段的开头和最后一段。

当然也有非常规的情况，这就需要靠自己的能力去寻找。

找主旨需要慢慢训练，常规的、非常规的文章都能通过真题并结合后面的专家解析，这样能力就能够很快地提升。

（2）常规文章行文逻辑本文中一直的强调要重视文章逻辑，那么，一般的都有哪些逻辑呢？通过一般归纳总结，大致可以得到四个逻辑框架。

这些框架特别有助于理解文章的总体内容，阅读过程按框架有重点地跳读，辨明逻辑主线，在把握文章重点、段落中心和段内次中心基础上，会有很好的效果。

也许，在做考博阅读之初，很多平日里有扎实功底的同学也会出现全军覆没的局面，出现这种情况，并不一定是英语词汇有巨大的缺知，而可能是逻辑上出现混乱。

现在将框架简单介绍如下：框架1：提出问题——分析问题——解决问题框架2：叙述现象——分析现象——结论框架3：提出观点——支持or反驳该观点——重申观点框架4：两种东西对比——分项对比——总体对照在阅读中要有意识的将文章归类分析，弄清逻辑，以上列出的是主干，还需进一步分析到枝叶，这样才能达到层次清晰的程度。

到段落级别，文章中心也容易辨出，多数文章中心在首末，少数会出现在段中。

于是在理解阅读文章的时候，在定位完毕后尽量将重点阅读范围扩大多句，观察所在句子在段落中的地位和在全文的地位。

一般情况，较接近的段中心和段落次中心往往就是正确答案，当然在最终填写答案的时候还是细细分析更为可靠。

（3）暗含答案的重点位置所谓文章重点就是阅读文章时得特别关注的地方，也是我们在浏览文章时眼界的着力点。

在考博阅读中，出题点一般都是文章中较为重要的地方，常见的有段落的中心和次中心；对于非中心，考博文章一般不会考察。

这是博士研究生入学考试的选拔性和阅读科技论文实用性所决定的。

上述的逻辑对于宏观题基本可以一网打尽，但对于微观题，我们必须通过重点位置的提示来解决。

下面通过一些分析和重点位置的介绍来理解把握文章的细节：1）所有文章的中心与段落中心和次中心。

2）转折和因果。

在阅读中，最好把含有转折和因果的词句标出来，因为转折和因果都意味着作者的观点和态度，相对一般句子更有强调性。

例如：because，for，but，however……3）表示观点的句子、观点的词可能多处出现，当然并不是所有观点的句子和词汇都是重点，但值得一读。

阅读文章中对这些词语的敏感是件令人兴奋的事情，所以平时应做好积累。

例如：agree，acknowledge，assert，see，insist，according to，find，think，believe，show，point out，content，acclaim，say等4）特殊标点符号，有的表示具体说明、有表解释、有表反义等等，均有或强或弱的强调意味，主要的特殊标点符号有：——、（）、“”等。

5）情态动词。

should，must都能表达作者感情的因素，能从侧面反映作者对于某事物的观点，理应重点阅读。

6）特殊句型。

例如副词提前加逗号这种形式Variety，……，Significantly，……副词在句中起着很大作用，能反映态度，能表程度，这种特殊句型更有强调的成分，值得多阅读分析。

7）有指代的比较级、最高级和such/so等。

上面列举的一些重点特征很多，无异就是一些相对突出强调的词语。

阅读文章的时候，仅靠这些重点基本上可以做出大部分的阅读题。

阅读时快速画出重点，仅阅读含有重点特征的句子，对文章进行“减肥”，以提高阅读效率。

（4）选项特点1）正确答案的特点a、与原文句子同义词替换。

b、相对原文语法变化，如原文中的被动变为主动。

C、正面反面，即原文句子的否定形式，答案变成肯定的正面叙述；原文是肯定形式，从正面叙述，答案变成否定形式从反面叙述。

d、AB角度，原文从A角度叙述某事，而答案从B角度叙述同一件事情，本质不变。

e、具体抽象，即原文具体事例，答案变为抽象概括，或反之。

2）干扰选项的特点a、照抄原文，个别词语不同。

b、一半信息符合原文，一半信息不符。

c、将原文某些信息张冠李戴。

d、与原文叙述的内容相反。

e、与原文中没有出现观点新信息。

f、含有绝对化的词语，如only，always，never，all，everything，anything，everywhere，everybody，nobody。

g、逻辑错误，因果颠倒等。

最后，育明考博提醒：要做好考博英语阅读必须在扎实的英语词汇和语法的基础上，从不同角度对文章进行分解和思考。

平时做题把自己的对错记录在答案上，试题上最好不要标注答案，以后再练习时就能通过与以往的对比感受自己的进步，看到自己的不足。