机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语_Unit 02 Selection of Construction Materials
Formability
• The force required depends on the yield point, because deformation starts in the plastic range above the yield point of steel. Work-hardening also occurs here, progressively stiffening the metal and causing difficulty, particularly in the lowcarbon steels. • 加工力的大小取决于屈服点，因为钢在屈服 点之上才开始变形。与此同时，加工硬化也 同时发生，金属变得越来越硬，增加加工难 度，尤其在低碳钢中容易发生。
16
Internal stresses
• If there are internal stresses, the piece is likely to deform. Pieces that will warp severely while being heated have been seen, yet the heat-treater was expected to put them through and bring them out better than they were in the first place. • 如果存在内应力，工件会发生变形。经过热 处理的工件像我们看到的那样会发生严重的 翘曲，但是我们仍然希望工件被扔到热处理 炉中被处理，这样好过它存在内应力的状态。
14
Internal stresses
• Even a simple washer might, by virtue of the internal stresses resulting from punching and then flattening, warp severely during heat treating. • 即使是一个简单的垫圈，由于打孔和随后的 平整加工中产生内应力，也会在热处理中呈 现严重的翘曲。
2
Selection of Construction Materials
• There is not a great difference between “this” steel and “that” steel; all are very similar in mechanical properties. • 在钢之间没有太大的区别；所有的钢在机械 性能方面都是近似的。
6
Considerations in fabrication
• The properties required for forging have very little relation to the final properties of the material; therefore, not much can be done to improve its forgeability. • 可锻性与材料的最后特性联系不大；因此， 提高金属的可锻造性价值不大。 • Higher-carbon steel is difficult to forge. Large grain size is best if subsequent heat treatment will refine the grain size. • 高碳钢很难锻造。如果后续的热处理会细化 晶粒尺寸，那么大的晶粒尺寸是最好的。
12
Formability
• If a draw is half made and then stopped, it may be necessary to anneal before proceeding, that is, if the piece is given time to work-harden. This may not be a scientific statement, but it is actually what seems to happen. • 如果拉伸进行了一半就停止了，那么在再加 工之前应先退火，也就是说，如果工件已经 有时间被加工硬化。这不是一种科学的叙述 方法，但确实是发生了。
1
Selection of Construction Materials
word
• • • • • • • • Work-harden 加工硬化；冷作硬化 anneal 退火 [ə'ni:l] warp 翘曲；变形 [wɔ:rp] preheat 预热 [priˈhit] microstructure 显微结构 ['maɪkroʊˌstrʌktʃə] mislead 使„„误解；误导 [ˌmɪs'li:d] ream 铰孔 [rim] arbitrary 任意的 [ˈɑ:rbitrəri]
Selection of Construction Materials
word
• • • • • • • • • availability 可用性 [əˌveiləˈbiliti] fabrication 制造 [ˌfæbriˈkeiʃən] forgeability 可锻性 [fɔ:dʒə'bɪlətɪ] nickle 鎳 ['nikl] chromium 铬 [ˈkroumjəm] vanadium 钒 [vəˈneidiəm] discernible 可辨别得出的；可看出的 [diˈsəɪnəbl] ductility 延(展)性；韧性 [dʌk'tiliti] cracking 开裂；裂纹 [ˈkrækiŋ]
8
ons in fabrication
• Chromium seems to harden steel at forging temperatures, but vanadium has no discernible effect; neither has the method of manufacture any effect on high-carbon steel. • 铬在锻造温度下时使钢硬化，但钒没有明显 的效果；两种加工方法对高碳钢没有影响。
15
Internal stresses
• When doubt exists as to whether internal stresses will cause warpage, a piece can be checked by heating it to about 1100 ℉ and then letting it cool. • 当是否内应力会引起翘曲的怀疑存在时，可 以通过将工件加工至1100 ℉然后进行冷却 来验证。
5
Considerations in fabrication
• The properties of the final part (hardness, strength, and machinability), rather than properties required by forging, govern the selection of material. • 最后零件的特性（硬度、强度和可加工性） 而不是锻造特性决定了材料的选择。
9
Formability
• The cold-formability of steel is a function of its tensile strength combined with ductility. The tensile strength and yield point must not be high or too much work will be required in bending; likewise, the steel must have sufficient ductility to flow to the required shape without cracking. • 钢的冷成形是它的拉伸强度和延展性相结合 的结果。拉伸强度和屈服点不能太高否则在 发生弯曲时需要做很多工作；相似地，钢应 该有高延展性，使其在没断裂的情况下成形。
13
Internal stresses
• Cold forming is done above the yield point in the work-hardening range, so internal stresses can be built up easily. Evidence of this is the springback as the work leaves the forming operation and the warpage in any subsequent heat treatment. • 在高于屈服点的加工硬化区进行冷加工很容 易产生内应力。例如工件停止成型加工后会 发生回弹，在随后的热处理后，工件会发生 翘曲。
11
Formability
• It is quite interesting in this connection to discover that deep draws can sometimes be made in one rapid operation that could not possibly be done leisurely [ˈleʒəli] in two or three. • 在这方面，相当有趣的是你将发现有时可通 过一次快速加载完成大拉伸，但以缓慢的方 式两三次加载却不能实现。
7
Considerations in fabrication
• Low-carbon, nickel-chromium steels are just about as plastic at high temperature under a single 520-ft· lb(1 ft· lb=1.35582J) blow as plain steels of similar carbon content. Nickel decreases forgeability of medium-carbon steels, but has little effect on low-carbon steels. • 在高温下低碳，镍铬合金钢在受到520-ft· lb 的冲击下表现出与相同碳含量普通钢几乎同 样的塑性。镍减少了中碳钢的可锻性，但对 低碳钢影响不大。
机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语
机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语是指在机械设计、制造和自动化控制领域中使用的专业英语词汇和表达方式。
在国际交流和合作中，掌握这些专业英语词汇对于机械设计制造及其自动化专业人士来说至关重要。
下面我将详细介绍机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语的内容和应用。
一、机械设计制造专业英语1. 机械设计基础词汇在机械设计中，有一些基础词汇是必须了解的，比如：mechanical（机械的）、design（设计）、manufacturing（制造）、component（零部件）、assembly（装配）、tolerance（公差）、dimension（尺寸）、material（材料）、strength（强度）、stiffness（刚度）等等。
2. 机械设计软件词汇机械设计中常用的软件包括AutoCAD、SolidWorks、CATIA等，因此了解这些软件的专业英语词汇是必要的。
例如：CAD（计算机辅助设计）、3D modeling （三维建模）、rendering（渲染）、simulation（仿真）、assembly modeling（装配建模）等。
3. 机械加工工艺词汇机械加工是机械制造的重要环节，因此掌握机械加工工艺的专业英语词汇也是必不可少的。
例如：milling（铣削）、turning（车削）、drilling（钻孔）、grinding（磨削）、welding（焊接）、casting（铸造）等。
4. 机械设计标准和规范词汇在机械设计制造过程中，需要遵守一系列的标准和规范。
了解这些标准和规范的专业英语词汇是非常重要的。
例如：ISO（国际标准化组织）、ASME（美国机械工程师协会）、ASTM（美国材料与试验协会）、GD&T（几何公差与尺寸标注）等。
二、自动化专业英语1. 自动控制系统词汇自动化领域中，掌握自动控制系统的专业英语词汇是必要的。
例如：control system（控制系统）、feedback（反馈）、sensor（传感器）、actuator（执行器）、PID controller（比例积分微分控制器）、PLC（可编程逻辑控制器）等。
机械设计制造及其自动化 英语
机械设计制造及其自动化英语Mechanical design, manufacturing, and its automation are essential aspects of various industries, including automotive, aerospace, electronics, and more. These processes involve the creation of mechanical systems and components, as well as the use of advanced technologies to automate production and improve efficiency.The field of mechanical design encompasses the creation of detailed plans and specifications for machines, tools, and mechanical systems. This involves the use of computer-aided design (CAD) software to create 2D and 3D models, as well as the selection of materials and the consideration of factors such as stress, heat, and other environmental conditions.Manufacturing involves the production of mechanical components and systems using a variety of techniques, including machining, casting, molding, and 3D printing. This process requires a deep understanding of materials, production processes, and quality control to ensure that the final products meet the required specifications and standards.Automation plays a crucial role in modern mechanical design and manufacturing, as it enables the use of robots, computer numerical control (CNC) machines, and other advanced technologies to streamline production processes and increase efficiency. This not only reduces the need for manual labor but also allows for the production of complex components with high precision and consistency.Overall, the integration of mechanical design, manufacturing, and automation is essential for the development of innovative products and the advancement of various industries. By utilizing advanced technologies and expertise in these areas, companies can improve their competitiveness and meet the ever-changing demands of the global market.在机械设计、制造和自动化方面的进展，对各行各业都产生了深远的影响。
机械设计制造及其自动化的英文
机械设计制造及其自动化的英文Mechanical design and manufacturing as well as automation are all integral parts of modern industry. In the field of mechanical engineering, design and manufacturing processes are essential for the creation and production of a wide range of products, from simple consumer goods to complex industrial machinery.Mechanical design involves the creation of detailed plans and specifications for machinery and equipment. This process requires a deep understanding of materials, mechanics, and thermodynamics, as well as the ability to use advanced computer-aided design (CAD) software. With the help of CAD tools, engineers can create 3D models and simulations to test the performance and functionality of their designs before they are manufactured.Manufacturing, on the other hand, involves the actual production of the designed machinery and equipment. This process can involve a variety of techniques, including casting, machining, welding, and assembly. With advancements in automation, many manufacturing processes are now carried out with the help of robots and other automated systems, leading to increased efficiency and reduced production costs.Automation plays a key role in both the design and manufacturing processes. Automated systems can perform repetitive tasks with high precision and accuracy, reducing the need for human intervention and minimizing the risk of errors. This is particularly important in industries where safety and quality are paramount, such as automotive and aerospace manufacturing.Overall, mechanical design, manufacturing, and automation are all critical components of modern industrial processes. Through the use of advanced technology and engineering principles, these processes continue to evolve and improve, leading to more efficient and reliable products for consumers and businesses alike.In addition to traditional manufacturing methods, additive manufacturing (also known as 3D printing) has emerged as a revolutionary process in mechanical design and manufacturing. This innovative technique allows engineers to create complex and intricate parts by building them layer by layer from digital 3D models. Additive manufacturing offers the potential for rapid prototyping, customization, and cost-effective production, making it an increasingly popular choice for a wide range of industries.Furthermore, the integration of smart technologies and the Internet of Things (IoT) has transformed the landscape of automation in mechanical design and manufacturing. Smart sensors, connected devices, and data analytics enable machines and equipment to communicate and make autonomous decisions, leading to enhanced process monitoring, predictive maintenance, and optimization of production workflows. This has resulted in improved productivity, reduced downtime, and better resource utilization.Quality control is another critical aspect of mechanical design and manufacturing. Advanced inspection techniques, such as non-destructive testing, 3D scanning, and computer vision, allow for thorough examination and validation of manufactured parts and assemblies. By ensuring the quality and reliability of products,these techniques contribute to overall customer satisfaction and safety.The field of mechanical design and manufacturing also intersects with sustainability and environmental considerations. Engineers and manufacturers are increasingly focused on developing eco-friendly processes and products, utilizing recycled materials, reducing waste, and optimizing energy usage. Sustainable practices not only benefit the environment but also resonate with consumers who are becoming more environmentally conscious.In conclusion, the advancements in mechanical design, manufacturing, and automation are driving innovation and efficiency across various industries. Through the integration of cutting-edge technologies and a commitment to quality and sustainability, the future of mechanical engineering holds the promise of even more sophisticated, reliable, and sustainable products and production processes.。
机械设计制造及其自动化专业课程中英文翻译
机械设计制造及其自动化军训及军事理论Military Training and Military Theory计算机实用基础2 Introduction to Computer Application大学英语College English体育Physical Education工科数学分析2 Advanced Mathematics代数与几何 2 Linear Algebra Advanced Algebra and Geometry思想道德修养与法律基础Ideological and Moral Cultivation and Law Basics大学英语College English体育大学物理2 College Physics工科数学分析2C语言程序设计 C Language中国近现代史纲要Modern History of China法语二外（上）The Second Foreign Language French工业造型设计Modeling Design of Industrial Products大学英语College English大学物理2 College Physics大学物理实验1 Experiment in College Physics概率论与数理统计Probability Theory & Mathematical Statistics电工技术1 Electrical Engineering电工与电子技术综合实验1 Experiment for Electrical and Electronic Engineering工程图学（CAD）1 Mechanical Graphing理论力学1 Theoretical Mechanics工程力学实验1 Experiment for Engineering Mechanics毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想概论Introduction to Mao Zedong Thoughts, Deng Xiaoping Theory and the Important Thought of "Three Represents"文化素质教育系列讲座Cultural quality education lectures体育西方文明简史History of western civilization Introduction to Functional Materials机械原理课程设计Course Exercise of Mechanical Principle工程训练（金工实习）engineering training Metal Working Practice大学物理实验1电子技术1 Electronic Engineering电工与电子技术综合实验1机械原理Principle of Mechanics Mechanical Principles工程图学（CAD）1工程力学实验（材力）1材料力学1 Mechanics of Materials马克思主义基本原理Principles of Marxism文化素质教育系列讲座文化素质教育系列讲座体育项目管理Project Management法语二外（下）法语入门1机械设计课程设计Course Exercise in Mechanical Design工程训练（电子工艺实习）electronic process practice Practice on Electronic Working Techniques互换性与测量技术基础Basic Technology of Exchangeability Measurement工程流体力学Engineering Fluid Mechanics自动控制原理3 Automatic Control Theory电工学新技术实践The new technology of electronics practice机械设计Mechanical Design工程材料成型技术基础Engineering material molding technology机械工程材料Engineering Materials文化素质教育系列讲座文化素质教育系列讲座创新设计与制作Innovation design and production复变函数与积分变换Complex Function Functions of Complex V ariables & Integral Transformation社会热点问题评价evaluation of social issues知识产权"Intellectual Property Law"认识实习Cognition Practice制造系统自动化技术Automation of Mechanical Manufacture System传热学Heat Transfer文化素质教育系列讲座机电控制系统分析与设计Mechanical-Electrical Control system数控技术Numerical Control Technology机械制造装备设计Machinery manufacturing equipment design液压传动Hydraulic Transmission测试技术与仪器Measurement Fundamentals & Meter Design Measurement Fundamentals & Meter Design机械制造技术基础foundation of machine manufacturing technology综合课程设计1 Comprehensive Course Exercise生产实习Production Practice Field Practice现代机械设计方法The modern machinery design method机械动态设计Mechanical Dynamic Design机械结构有限元分析Finite Element of Mechanical Structures Finite Element Analysis and Programming Finite Element Analysis for Mechanical Structures机电系统智能化控制技术（双语Mechanical and electrical system intelligent control technology 综合课程设计2机械优化设计Optimum Design of MachineryMechanical Optimum Design毕业设计Graduation Thesis工程测试技术Engineering Testing Technique。
机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语
9
Computer-Aided manufacturing
• Henry Ford’s contributions took a different turn from Taylor’s. Ford refined [ri’faind] and developed the use of assembly lines for the major component manufacturer of his automobile.
• 如今，机床控制语言比如说自动编程工具 ， 已经成为数控机床创建工具控制的标准了。
18
Computer-Aided manufacturing
• It is interesting to note that much of the evolution in manufacturing has come as a response to particular changes during different period.
• 从那时起，数字计算机就被用来当做输入 设备，要么以直接方式输入到NC设备中， 直接数字控制（DNC），要么用更专用的 控制传感，即计算机数字控制（CNC）。
17
Computer-Aided manufacturing
• Today, machine control languages such as APT (Automatic Programming Tool) have become the standard for creating tool control for NC machines.
从科学上进行研究金属切削和自动化技术 研究起始于第二十世纪。这些技术的先驱 者是弗雷德里克．泰勒和亨利.福特。
机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语课文翻译-Unit1-9
U 1The use of metals has always a key factor in the development of the social systems of man. Of the roughly ['rʌfl ɪ] 100 basic elements of which all matter is composed, about half are classified as metals.金属的开发利用在人类社会系统的发展中扮演了了重要的角色，世界的物质大概由100种基本元素构成，其中一半是金属元素。
The distinction[dɪ'stɪŋkʃən] between a metal and a nonmetal is not always clear cut. The most basic definition centers around the type of bonding existing between the atoms of the element, and around the characteristics [,kærəkt ə'ristiks] of certain of the electrons[ɪ'lɛk,trɑn] associated with these atoms.金属与非金属的区分不是十分的清晰，最重要（基本）的在于元素原子之间的连接形式以及和原子相关联的电子的确定特性。
in a more practical['præktikəl] way, however, a metal can be defined as an element which has a particular package of properties.然而，在更多的实践当中，金属定义为具有一种整体特性的元素。
机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语翻译
机械设计制造及其自动化专业英语翻译Unit 1 Metals金属certain of the electrons associated with these atoms. In a more practical way, however, a metal can be defined as an element which has a particular package of properties. Metals are crystalline when in the solid state and, with few exceptions (e.g. mercury), are solid at ambient temperatures. They are good conductors of heat and 它们是热和电的良导体，不透光。
它们往往具有较高的密度。
许多金属具有延展性，也就是说，在不被破坏的情况下它们的形状在外力的作用下可以发生变化。
引起永久变形所需的力和最终使金属断裂所需的力相当大，尽管发生断裂所需的力远没有像所预期的撕开金属原子所需的力那么大。
shape can be changed permanently by the application of a force without breaking. The forces required to cause this deformation and those required to break or fracture a metal are comparatively high, although, the fracture forces is not nearly as high as would be expected from simple consideration of the forces required to tear 是最重要的。
机械设计制造及其自动化《专业英语》翻译
2、应力和应变在任何工程结构中独立的部件或构件将承受来自于部件的使用状况或工作的外部环境的外力作用。
如果组件就处于平衡状态,由此而来的各种外力将会为零,但尽管如此,它们共同作用部件的载荷易于使部件变形同时在材料里面产生相应的内力。
有很多不同负载可以应用于构件的方式。
负荷根据相应时间的不同可分为:(a)静态负荷是一种在相对较短的时间内逐步达到平衡的应用载荷。
(b)持续负载是一种在很长一段时间为一个常数的载荷, 例如结构的重量。
这种类型的载荷以相同的方式作为一个静态负荷; 然而,对一些材料与温度和压力的条件下,短时间的载荷和长时间的载荷抵抗失效的能力可能是不同的。
(c)冲击载荷是一种快速载荷(一种能量载荷)。
振动通常导致一个冲击载荷, 一般平衡是不能建立的直到通过自然的阻尼力的作用使振动停止的时候。
(d)重复载荷是一种被应用和去除千万次的载荷。
(e)疲劳载荷或交变载荷是一种大小和设计随时间不断变化的载荷。
上面已经提到，作用于物体的外力与在材料里面产生的相应内力平衡。
因此,如果一个杆受到一个均匀的拉伸和压缩，也就是说, 一个力,均匀分布于一截面,那么产生的内力也均匀分布并且可以说杆是受到一个均匀的正常应力,应力被定义为应力==负载 P /压力 A,因此根据载荷的性质应力是可以压缩或拉伸的,并被度量为牛顿每平方米或它的倍数。
如果一个杆受到轴向载荷，即是应力，那么杆的长度会改变。
如果杆的初始长度L和改变量△L已知，产生的应力定义如下:应力==改变长△L /初始长 L因此应力是一个测量材料变形和无量纲的物理量 ,即它没有单位;它只是两个相同单位的物理量的比值。
一般来说,在实践中,在荷载作用下材料的延伸是非常小的, 测量的应力以*10-6的形式是方便的, 即微应变, 使用的符号也相应成为ue。
从某种意义上说，拉伸应力与应变被认为是正的。
压缩应力与应变被认为是负的。
因此负应力使长度减小。
当负载移除时，如果材料回复到初始的，无负载时的尺寸时，我们就说它是具有弹性的。
专业英语(机械制造及其自动化)
involute n. 渐开线 cycloidal adj. 摆线的 taut adj. (绳子)拉紧的, 整洁的, 紧张的 unwind vt. 展开, 放松, 伸直 base circle 基圆 dotted line 虚线 correspond vi. 通信（with）, 相当于, 等于； 相关（to），对应, 与...一致, 符合（to， with）
abrupt adj. 突然的, 陡峭的, 生硬的 light loads 轻载 harmonic adj. 谐和的, 和声的, 融洽的
n. 谐波, 和声, 谐函数
constant acceleration and deceleration curves 等加速等减速曲线 sine function 正弦函数 sinusoidal adj. 正弦曲线 gradual 逐渐的
projection n. 投射, 射出, 投影法, 投影, 放映, 计划, 规划, 方案, 设计,估计, 突出部分 circumference n. 周长, 周围, 圆周, 周线, 周 边
respectively 分别地 are proportional to 与…成比例 parabola 抛物线 parabolic 抛物线的 successive 连续的 increment 增加，增量
wrap n. 外套, 围巾, 包裹, 秘密, 约束, 限制 v. 包装, 卷, 缠绕, 包, 覆盖
counterclockwise adj. 反时针方向的 adv. 反时针方向
everincreasing 不断增加的 subscript 下标 denote vt. 指示, 表示 torque 扭矩，力矩 pulley 滑轮，皮带轮
imaginative adj. 想象的; 富于想象力的; 幻想 的, 虚构的
专业英语(机械制造及其自动化)
abrupt adj. 突然的, 陡峭的, 生硬的 light loads 轻载 harmonic adj. 谐和的, 和声的, 融洽的 n. 谐波, 和声, 谐函数 constant acceleration and deceleration curves 等加速等减速曲线 sine function 正弦函数 sinusoidal adj. 正弦曲线 gradual 逐渐的
wrap n. 外套, 围巾, 包裹, 秘密, 约束, 限制 v. 包装, 卷, 缠绕, 包, 覆盖 counterclockwise adj. 反时针方向的 adv. 反时针方向 everincreasing 不断增加的 subscript 下标 denote vt. 指示, 表示 torque 扭矩，力矩 pulley 滑轮，皮带轮
mating parts 配（合零）件 fitting 配合, 安装, 装置 rugged adj. 崎岖的, 凹凸不平的,粗犷的, 刺耳 的, 难听的; 艰难的(生活等) gap 间隙 hood 头巾, 兜帽, 车蓬, 引擎罩 disguise 假装, 伪装, 掩饰 fit-up n. 设备, 准备, 装备 fender n. 防御者, 防御物, (车辆的)挡泥板, 翼 子板
case 壳体 with provision for 考虑到 planar 平面的 spatial 空间的 spur gear 直齿圆柱齿轮 pitch 螺距，周节 facewidth 齿宽Helical gear vibration 振动 helical gear 斜齿轮