英语中心词实例
英语句子结构和成分分析
英语句子成分和结构分析句子成分主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语主语和宾语一般是名词，谓语是动词。
拿到一个句子以后，首先找到里面的动词，即是谓语，谓语左右两边的名词分别是主语和宾语。
I saw a film yesterday.主谓宾一．主语：一般是名词A mooncake is a delicious, round cake.I don’t know if it will grow.One of them is English.To win the game is difficult.二. 谓语:一般是动词I saw a girl. I love you. You should work hard. You had better take a bus. He is a handsome boy.That is a beautiful flower. This is my book.I have a lot of things to do.五．状语：一般有介词to表示目的，in, on, under 等表示方位He is playing under the tree.（地点）Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian.(时间) The house is dir ty for the reason that he didn’t clean it.(原因)He buys a gift to make her happy.（目地）If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. （条件）六.表语：系动词（be动词，感官动词和变化类动词turn，get, become）之后的都叫表语These desks are yellow.We are happy now. It sounds good.It smells nice. Tom is a handsome boy句子结构(S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾语补足语) 一．S十V主谓结构I swim.主谓They listened carefully．My homework has finished.二．S十V十O主谓宾结构I saw a film yesterday.主谓宾They found their home easily .They have taken good care of the children．三．S十V十F主系表结构（系动词）He is old.主系动表语The story sounds interesting.主系动词表语The desk feels hard He becomes a teacher．The trees turn yellow in the autumn.四．S十V十IO十DO主谓加间接宾语加直接宾语结构He gave me a book.主谓间宾直宾He brought me a pen. He offered me his seat He got me a chair五．S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构）They made the girl angry.主谓宾宾补angry是对the girl的补充说明They found her happy that day．I saw him in.I heard the glass broken just now.句子成分练习题( 一)(一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.② There is an old man coming here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.(二) 选出句中谓语的中心词① I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don'tB. likeC. pictureD. wall② The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. getB. longerC. daysD. summer③ Do you usually go to school by bus?A. DoB. usuallyC.goD. bus④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A.DidB. twinsC. haveD. breakfast⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. TomB. didn'tC. doD. his homework⑦ What I want to tell you is this.A. wantB. to tellC. youD. is⑧ We had better send for a doctor.A. WeB. hadC. sendD. doctor⑨ He is interested in music.A. isB. interestedC. inD. music⑩ Whom did you give my book to?A. giveB.didC. whomD. book(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语1.My brother hasn't done his homework.2. People all over the world speak English.3.You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.4.How many new words did you learn last class?5.Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?6.The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.7.They made him monitor of the class.8.Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.9.You will find it useful after you leave school.10.They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.(四) 挑出下列句中的表语① The old man was feeling very tired.② Why is he worried about Jim?③ The leaves have turned yellow.④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.⑤ She was the first to learn about it.(五) 挑出下列句中的定语① They use Mr, Mrs with the family name.② What is your given name?③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.(六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①She likes the children to read newspapers and books.② He asked her to take the boy out of school.③ She found it difficult to do the work.④ They call me Lily sometimes.⑤ I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.⑥Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?(七) 挑出下列句中的状语① There was a big smile on her face.② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.④ The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.⑤With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. ⑥ She loves the library because she loves books.⑦ I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.⑧The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.(八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语① Please tell us a story.② My father bought a new bike for me last week.③ Mr Li is going to teach us history next term.④ Here is a pen.Give it to Tom.⑤ Did he leave any message for me?句子成分练习题( 二)指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分：1. Whether we’ll go depend on the weather .2. People’s standards of living are going up steadily .3. That was how they were defeated.4. The nursery takes good care of our children .5. I’ll return the book to you tomorrow .6. The woman with a baby in her arms is his other .7. There are many film that I’d like to see.8. Have you met the person about whom he was speaking ?9. I have a lot of work to do .10.We can send a car over to fetch you .11.She had to work standing up .12.Seeing this ,some comrades became veryworried .13.The bus arrived ten minutes late .14.Some farmers saw something strange in thesky .15.We think it necessary that everyone shouldattend the meeting .16.It’s strange that she doesn’t come today .17.It was in the library that I come today .18.He likes drawing at times when he isn’tworking .19.We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock thedoor.。
英语作文中心词
第一篇：词汇篇1、经济：economic globalization（经济全球化）, sustainable development（可持续发展），unfair competition（不正当竞争），crack down on fake commodities （打假），boom （繁荣），fierce competition（激烈竞争），credit crisis（信用危机），stabilize prices （稳定物价）2、文化：great and profound （博大精深的），integration and interaction（融合交汇），crash（碰撞），charming（极具魅力的），splendid（壮丽辉煌的），English fever （英语热）3、环保：environment- friendly（生态型的，环保的），threat of global warming（全球变暖的威胁）, promote fundamental shifts in the economic system and mode of economic growth（促进经济体制和经济增长方式的转变），curb environmental pollution/ bring the pollution under control（治理环境污染），develop renewable resources （开发可再生资源），a low-carbon economy （低碳经济）4、科技：science and technology（科学技术），web-addiction（沉迷网络），computer crime（电脑犯罪），e-commerce（电子商务），virtual life （虚拟生活），information era（信息时代），cyber romance（网恋），surf the Internet（网上冲浪）5、就业：applicant（申请人），position available/ vacant position（空缺职位），competent（能胜任的）, be qualified for（合格的）, proficiency（熟练程度），job arrangement and benefit（工作待遇和福利），promotion (晋升), gender-biased （性别歧视的），appearance-biased（相貌歧视的）6、大学生活/教育：cultivate（培养），further one's study （深造），quality education（素质教育），foster abilities（培养能力），relieve the burden on students（减轻学生负担），be occupied with so much schoolwork（忙于功课）place emphasis on（以...为重心），comprehensive（全面的，广泛的），practical capability（实际能力），duck-stuffing （填鸭式）7、社会现象：enlightening（富有启发的），cause alarm and attention（引起了警惕和重视），set good example for（为...树立榜样），dedicate（做贡献）, take action （采取行动），ensure implementing activities（确保执行），vulnerable（易诱惑的，易受影响的），be supposed to（应该）8、人物特征、情感描写：strong-minded（坚强的），industrious（勤奋的），promising（有前途的），dynamic（有生气的），responsible（有责任心的）, influential （有影响力的），profound（渊博精深的），devoted（忠实的，投入的），warm-hearted （热心的），第二篇：句型，词组搭配1. 随着经济的繁荣with the booming of the economy2. 随着人民生活水平的显著提高with the remarkable improvement of people's living standard3. 先进的科学技术advanced science and technology4. 为我们日常生活增添了情趣add much spice / flavor to our daily life5. 人们普遍认为It is commonly believed that...6. 我同意前者(后者)观点I give my vote to the former / latter opinion.7. 引起了广泛的公众关注Sth. has aroused wide public concern. / Sth has drawn great public attention.8. 利远远大于弊The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.9. 开阔眼界widen one's horizon / broaden one's vision10. 考虑到诸多因素take many factors into consideration11. 从另一个角度from another perspective12. 致力于/ 投身于be committed / devoted to...13. 日益激烈的社会竞争the increas ingly keen social competition14. ...有其自身的优缺点 ... has its own merits and demerits / pros and cons15. 对...有害do harm to / be harmful to / be detrimental to16. 交流思想/ 情感/ 信息exchange ideas / emotions / information17. 跟上...的最新发展keep pace with / keep abreast with the latest development of...18. ...的健康发展the healthy development of...19. 把时间和精力放在...上focus one's time and energy on...20. 导致很多问题give rise to / lead to / spell various problems21. 可以替代think的词believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, hold the opinion / belief / view that22. 优先考虑/发展... give (top) priority to sth.23. 与...比较compared with.../ in comparison with24. 提供就业机会offer job opportunities。
中心词英语作文模板
中心词英语作文模板英文回答：The central word in a sentence is the word that is most important to understanding the sentence. It is usually the noun or verb that the sentence is about. For example, in the sentence "The dog barked," the central word is "dog." This is because the sentence is about the dog and its action of barking.There are a few different ways to identify the central word in a sentence. One way is to look for the word that is the subject of the sentence. The subject is the noun or pronoun that is doing the action of the verb. In the sentence "The dog barked," the subject is "dog."Another way to identify the central word in a sentence is to look for the word that is the object of the verb. The object is the noun or pronoun that is receiving the action of the verb. In the sentence "The dog barked," the objectis "barked."The central word in a sentence can also be a modifier.A modifier is a word or phrase that describes or limits another word in the sentence. In the sentence "The big dog barked," the modifier is "big." This modifier describes the dog and makes the sentence more specific.Once you have identified the central word in a sentence, you can use it to help you understand the sentence. The central word will tell you what the sentence is about and what is happening in the sentence.中文回答：句子中的中心词是理解句子最重要的那一个词。
英语句子结构分析
4. 宾语：1）动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词
或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。 如： I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词） How many do you need? We need two. （数 词） I enjoy working with you. （动名词） I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said? （宾语从 句）
(一）指出下列句中主语的中心词
① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here. ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. ④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
(六) 挑出下列句中的定语 ① What is your given name? ② On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. ③ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. ④ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
(七) 挑出下列句中的状语 ① There was a big smile on her face. ② Every night he heard the noise upstairs. ③ He began to learn English when he was eleven. ④ The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast. ⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.
英语句子成分详解方法
英语句子成分一、英语句子的成分组成句子的各个部分叫作句子的成分。
句子成分主要包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。
1）主语subject主语是一个句子的主体，是全句叙述的对象，是句子要说明的人或事物，即表示句子所说的“是什么”或“是谁”，常由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式等担任，一般位于句首。
The girl can sing many English songs.We are students. / This is my pen. Yours is on the desk.The blind need more help.To speak loudly in public is not polite.Smoking is bad for your health.2）谓语predicate谓语是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的动作或状态，常由动词担任，一般位于主语之后。
谓语有时态和语态的变化，且要和主语在人称和数上保持一致。
I love you. You hate me. You hurt my heart.I have an English-Chinese dictionary. He has one too.We can play the piano.She is talking with her sister. / I have seen this man before.3）宾语object宾语是谓语动词所涉及的对象，是谓语动词所表示动作的对象或承受者。
常由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式等担任，一般位于谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。
He is doing his homework. / I saw a plane in the sky just now.They did nothing this morning. / I met him on my way home.She wants to go home.We enjoy playing football.【注意】：某些及物动词之后要求有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语，直接宾语指物，间接宾语指人。
英语语法--语法术语
language 语言interjection 感叹词grammar 语法head (headword) 中心词sentence 句子noun phrase 名词词组clause 分句verb phrase 动词词组phrase 词组adjective phrase 形容词词组word 词adverb phrase 副词词组morpheme 词素prepositional phrase 介词词组segmentation 切分法simple verb phrase 简单动词词组free morpheme 自由词素complex verb phrase 复杂动词词组simple word（morphemeword）简单词（单词素词）finite verb phrase 限定动词词组compound word 复合词tense 时compound noun 复合名词person 人称compound adjective 复合形容词number 数compound verb 复合动词non-finite verb phrase 非限定动词词组compound adverb 复合副词premodifier 前置修饰语compound pronoun 复合代词postmodifier 后置修饰语compound conjunction 复合连词complementation 补足成分compound preposition 复合介词independent clause 独立分句inflectional affix 屈折词缀dependent clause 从属分句derivational affix 派生词缀simple clause 简单分句prefix 前缀simple sentece 简单句infix 中缀complex clause 复杂分句suffix 后缀complex sentece 复杂句allomorph 词素变体main clause 主句closed class 封闭词类subordinate clause 分句function word 功能词finite clause 限定分句preposition 介词non-finite clause 非限定分句pronoun 代词verbless clause 无动词分句determiner 限定词full sentence 完全句conjunction 连词minor sentece 不完全句auxiliary 助动词compound sentence 并列句open class 开放词类compound-complex sentence 并列复杂句content word 实义词clause element 分句成分noun 名词basic clause type 分句基本类型adjective 形容词subject（compound subject）主语(并列主语)adverb 副词predicate（compound predicate）谓语(并列谓语)main verb 主动词predicate verb 谓语动词cardinal numeral 基数词object（direct object/indirect object）宾语(直宾/间宾)ordinal numeral 序数词complement(subject/object complement)补语(主补/宾补)adverbial 状语indefinite article 不定冠词SVC, SV, SVO, SV oO, SVOC,SV A, SVOA zero article 零冠词concord/agreement 一致possessive determiner 物主限定词subject-verb agreement 主动一致/主谓一致genitive noun 名词属格grammatical concord 语法一致原则demonstrative determiner 指示限定词notional concord 意义一致原则relative determiner 关系限定词principle of proximity 就近原则interrogative determiner 疑问限定词coordinate subject 并列结构作主语indefinite determiner 不定限定词noun phrase of amount or quality 表示数量概念的名词词组multiplicative numeral 倍数词relative clause 关系分句fractional numeral 分数词relative pronoun 关系代词quantifier 量词antecedent 先行项specific reference 特指cleft sentence 分裂句generic reference 类指focus element 中心成分definite specific reference 确定特指existential sentence 存在句anaphoric specific reference 前照应特指notional subject 实义主语cataphoric specific reference 后照应特指coordinate construction 并列结构situational reference 语境照应（特指）coordinate element 并列成分definite quantity 确定数量simple noun 简单名词indefinite quantity 非确定数量compound noun 复合名词referential meaning 所指意义derivative noun 派生名词predeterminer 前位限定词common noun 普通名词central determiner 中位限定词individual noun 个体名词postdeterminer 后位限定词collective noun 集体名词person pronoun 人称代词material noun 物质名词subjective case 主格abstract noun 抽象名词objective case 宾格proper noun 专有名词genitive case 属格countable/count noun 可数名词possessive pronoun (genitive pronoun)物主代词(属格代词) uncountable/non-count noun 不可数名词nominal genitive pronoun 名词性属格代词number 数possessive genitive pronoun 限定词属格代词singular number 单数reflexive pronoun 反身代词plural number 复数reciprocal pronoun 相互代词regular plural 规则复数demonstrative pronoun 指示代词irregular plural 不规则复数indefinite pronoun 不定代词partitive/unit noun 单位词/单位名词interrogative pronoun 疑问代词case 格relative pronoun 关系代词common case 通格gender 性possessive case/genitive case 所有格/（名词）属格masculine gender 阳性independent genitive 独立属格feminine gender 阴性double genitive 双重属格neuter gender 中性determiner 限定词common gender 通性definite airicle 定冠词noun of common gender 通性名词person 人称complementation 补足成分first person 第一人称transitive verb 及物动词second person 第二人称intransitive verb 不及物动词third person 第三人称linking verb 连系动词Reflexive form 反身形式dynamic verb 动态动词emphatic use 强调用法stative verb 静态动词unemphatic use 非强调用法single-word verb 单词动词reference 照应，所指phrasal verb 词组动词pronoun reference 代词照应finite verb （finite form）限定动词（限定形式）anaphoric reference 前照应non-finite verb（non-finite form）非限定动词（非限定形式）cataphoric reference 后照应base form 原形situational reference 语境照应grammatical form 语法形式person reference 人称照应simple tense 一般现在时demonstrative reference 指示照应simple past 一般过去时tense 时present progressive 现在进行时present tense 现在时past progressive 过去进行时past tense 过去时present perfective 现在完成时aspect 体past perfective 过去完成时progressive aspect 进行体present perfective progressive 现在完成进行时perfective aspect 完成体past perfective progressive 过去完成进行时voice 态future tense 将来时active voice 主动态operator 操作词passive voice（be-passive/get-passive/passi ve infinitive）被动态(be型/get型被动态/不定式被动态)predication 述谓成分mood 式Old English 古英语indicative mood 陈述式prediction 预见statement(declarative sentence)陈述句willingness 意愿question(interrogative sentence)疑问句intention 意图imperative mood 祈使式infinitive(to-infinitive/bare-infinitive)不定式(带to/不带to不定式) subjunctive mood 虚拟式-ing participle ing分词hypothetical meaning 假设意义-ed participle ed分词non-factual meanig 非事实意义conditional 条件句Be-subjunctive Be型虚拟式implied conditional 含蓄条件句Were-subjunctive Were型虚拟式ability 能力auxiliary 助动词possibility 可能primary auxiliary 基本助动词permission 许可modal auxiliary 情态助动词obligation 义务（必须，应该）semi-auxiliary 半助动词necessity 必然simple verb phrase 简单动词词组determination 决心complex verb phrase 复杂动词词组epistemic 推测性notional verb 实义动词non-epistemic 非推测性deep structure 深层结构emphasizer 强调词surface structure 表层结构reinforcement tag 强调附加结构dynamic adjective 动态形容词double negative 双重否定stative adjective 静态形容词rhetorical question 修辞疑问句present participle 现在分词partial negation 局部否定past participle 过去分词question(interrogative sentence)疑问句gerund 动名词general question(yes-no question)一般疑问句(是非疑问句)dangling participle (unattached participle) 悬垂分词（无依着分词）special question （wh-question）特殊疑问句（wh-问句）attachment rule 依着规则alternative question 选择疑问句logical suject 逻辑主语tag question 附加疑问句one-word adjective 单词形容词non-assertive word 非肯定词compound adjective 复合形容词command (imperative sentence) 祈使句central adjective 中心形容词existential sentence 存在句peripheral adjective 外围形容词notional subject 实义主语gradable ajective 等级形容词real subject 真主语non-gradable ajective 非等级形容词locative adverbial 地点状语causative construction 使役结构temporal adverbial 时间状语simple adverb 简单副词nonreferring it 非指代性it derivative adverb 派生副词empty it 虚义it adverb of manner 方式副词anticipatory it 先行it adverb of degree 程度副词pseudo-clef sentence 拟似分裂句adverb of time 时间副词coordinator 并列（连）词adverb of frequency 频率副词correlative coordinator 关联并列连词adverb of place 地点副词coordinate construction 并列结构conjunctive adverb 连接副词subordination 从属explanatory adverb 解说副词subordinator 从属连词adjunct 修饰/结合性状语simple subordinator 简单从属连词dsjunct 评注/分离性状语complex subordinator 复杂从属连词conjunct 连接性状语correlative subordinator 关联从属连词positive/absolute degree 原级marginal subordinator 边际从属连词comparative degree 比较级one-word subordinator 单词从属连词superlative degree 最高级adverbial clause of time 时间状语分句synthetic form 综合形式adverbial clause of place 地点状语分句analytic form 分析形式adverbial clause of manner 方式状语分句comparative constructure 比较结构adverbial clause of cause 原因状语分句analytic language 分析性语言adverbial clause of result 结果状语分句simple preposition 简单介词adverbial clause of purpose 目的状语分句complex preposition 复杂介词adverbial clause of condition 条件状语分句two-word preposition 双词介词adverbial clause of concession 让步状语分句three-word preposition 三词介词Infinitive clause 不定式分句four-word preposition 四词介词-ing participle clause -ing分词分句exclamation(exclamatory sentence)感叹句-ed participle clause -ed分词分句quasi-coordinator 近似并列连词end weight 句尾重心absolute construction 独立结构information focus 信息焦点relative word 关系词information unit 信息单位relative pronoun 关系代词old information (given information) 旧信息（已知信息）relative adverb 关系副词new information 新信息relative determiner 关系限定词full inversion 全部倒装attributive clause (relative clause) 定语从句（关系分句）partial inversion 部分倒装restrictive relative clause 限定性关系分句cohesion 粘着性non-restrictive relative clause 非限定性关系分句coherence 连贯性double relative clause 双重关系分句unity 统一性embedded relative clause 嵌入式关系分句redundancy 累赘conditional 条件句correctness 正确性real conditional 真实条件句communicative pfunction 交际功能unreal conditional 非真实条件句transitional words/phrases 过渡词语basic form 基本形式logical connectors 逻辑纽带variant form 变体形式grammatical connectors 语法纽带alternative form 替换形式coreference pro-form 指代词direct speech 直接引语comparative reference 对比照应indirect speech 间接引语parallel construction 平行结构reporting verb 引述动词key word 关键词modification 修饰语synonym (near-synonym) 同义词（近义词）restrictive modifier 限制性修饰语sentence group 句群（语段）non-restrictive modifier 非限制性修饰语text 语篇discontinuous modification 分隔修饰single-sentence group text 单语段语篇appositive 同位语multi-sentence group text 多语段语篇restrictive appositive 限制性同位语top sentence 主题句non-restrictive appositive 非限制同位语topic sentence group 主题语段substitute 替代词supporting sentence 辅助句nominal substitute 名词性替代词supporting sentence group 辅助语段verbal substitute 动词性替代词clausal substitute 分句性替代词substitution 替代nominal substitution 名词性替代verbal substitution 动词性替代clausal substitution 分句性替代ellipsis 省略word order 词序normal order 正常词序natural order 自然词序postponement 后置fronting 前置end focus 句尾焦点。
英语句子成分结构详解
英语句子成分结构详解一、英语语句基本结构分析：（一）主谓宾结构：1、主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），数词，动词不定式，动名词等。
主语一般在句首。
注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！eg: The boy comes from America.He made a speech.Two and two is four.To be a teacher is my dream.Doing a research is a necessary step of covering a story.2、谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。
谓语可以是不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，eg:We come.Many changes took place in my home town.注（以下这些词是不及物动词：表发生、出现的，如：take place, appear, happen, break out; 表来、去，如：come, go 等）3、宾语：宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’，如：me，him，them等。
除了代词宾格可以作宾语外，名词，动名词，不定式等可以作宾语。
eg：I will do it tomorrow.The boy needs a pen.I like swimming.I like to swim this afternoon.（二）主系表结构：1、主语：同‘主谓宾’结构。
2、谓语：联系动词（Link verb)：be动词（am,is,are,was,were,have been)；其他联系动词如：become成为，turn变成,go变和感官动词如：feel, touch, hear, see等。
其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系，表语多为形容词或副词，既，不可能是宾语。
英语素材：英语中如何用it，one，ones，that，those来指代
英语中如何用it，one，ones，that，those来指代it，one，ones，that，those可以用来代替上文中提到的名词，以避免重复。
现将其用法归纳如下：1. it 代替上文提到的名词，指代同一事物，而不指这一类中的另一个相同的个体。
例如：---Do you want the magazine?---Yes，I want it.I don't want to drink the tea．It is too hot．2. one 通常用来代替上文中出现过的单数可数名词或以可数名词为中心词的词组，one的前面可以有冠词或形容词，也可以有thi s或that，但其前不能有物主代词。
例如：I have 1ost my pen．I’m going to buy one.I don't like this green shirt. I like the blue one.I prefer this one to that one.3．ones是one的复数形式，常用来代替复数可数名词，前面不用物主代词修饰，也不用these 或those来直接修饰，除非ones前面有形容词。
例如：I have a new coat and several old ones.These yellow waistcoats are so small. I want those green ones.4．that用来代替上下文中的名词，它表示与前面同类的东西。
that既可代替可数名词，又可代替不可数名词，常有后置定语，一般不指人。
例如：The price of wheat is higher than that of rice.The population of China is larger than that of Japan.5．those是that的复数形式，可用来替代可数名词的复数形式，表示特指。
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1. 以turn为中心的词组give a new turn to 对~~予以新的看法in one’s turn 轮到某人做某事out of turn 不按次序的，不合适宜的take one’s turn to do 轮到做turn a blind eye to 对~~视而不见turn against 背叛，采取敌对态度turn back 折回，往回走turn down 折叠，翻下，驳回，拒绝考虑turn into 走进；变成，变为turn to ~~for help 求助于turn off 关上（自来水，电器开关）；解雇，辞退；避开（问题）；制造；生产turn on 打开（自来水，电器开关）；反对；依靠，依赖，取决于turn one’s attention to 把注意力转向turn out 培养；证明是；制成；实际情况是turn out to be 原来是，证明是，结果是turn over a new leaf 翻开新的一页，重新开始，改过自新turn (a)round 旋转，转过身来；改变意见；采取新政策turn to 变成；着手于turn upside down 颠倒过来，翻过来；使陷入混乱2. 以break为中心的词组break away from 脱离，逃离break down 破坏，粉碎；瓦解；出故障，抛锚break in 闯进，打断；使顺服break into 闯入；强行进入；突然开始break out 爆发，发生；准备使用；起锚break the law 违反法律break the record 破记录break one’s promise 失言break up 开垦，破碎；解散，分开，分解3. 以catch为中心的词组be caught doing 被发现做某事be caught in the rain 淋雨catch a bus/train 赶汽车/火车catch a cold 伤风，感冒catch one’s word 听懂某人的话catch sight of 发现，瞥见catch up with 赶上，追及，追上3. 以come为中心的词组come across 偶尔发现，想起；越过；偿付come along 一道来，陪伴；进步，进展；出现come at 达到，求得，得到；扑向，袭击come back 回来；恢复，复原come down 倒下；降落；跌落；病倒come from 来自，起源于，从~~产生，生于come in 进来，进入；流行起来；获名次come into being 发生，产生，出现，形成come into power 开始执政，当权，当选come into use 开始使用，获得应用come on 上演；开始；赶快；发展；登台；（问题）被提出come out 出来，传出；出版；结果是；褪色；（秘密）泄露come to 苏醒，复原；共计；达到；归结于come to an end 终止，结束come to know 开始了解到come true 实现，成为现实；证实come up 走近；上楼；长出，发芽4. 以take为中心的词组be taken aback 吃惊take a seat 就坐take a shower 淋浴，洗澡take aim 瞄准，设立目标take away 拿走，减去；夺去take ~~ by surprise 出奇制胜take care of 当心，注意；照顾；提防；谨慎；处理，对付；负责take ~~ for 把~~当作take off 脱去，除去；离开；起飞；模仿；起程；致死；复制，作副本；减弱take office 就职，上任take one’s place 就坐，入坐take one’s temperature 量体温take part in 参与，参加take place = happen 发生，举行take the place of 代替take pride in 以~~为荣，对~~骄傲take sb. by the arm 拉某人的胳膊take it easy 别着急，慢慢来5. 以do为中心的词组be done in 精疲力竭be done with 完全结束do a good deed 做一件好事do away with 去掉，废除；弄死；浪费do good to (=do sb. good) 有益于do harm to (=do sb. good) 有害于do its work 有效，有作用do much 极有用do wrong to 做错do one’s best 尽某人最大努力do one’s homework 做作业do one’s utmost 尽力而为do proud 足以使~~骄傲do sb. justice 公平对待某人do some cleaning (V+ing,etc.) 搞卫生do sb. a favor 帮助某人do well in 学得不错，干得漂亮do with 和~~相处，忍受，处理do without 不需要，不用do wonders 创造奇迹have much to do with 和~~很有关系have nothing to do with 与~~无关have something to do with 和~~有关in doing so=in so doing 这时，在这种情况下That will do. 行了；够了6. 以give为中心的词组be given to 沉溺于，癖好give about 分配；传播give and take 相互迁就give away 赠送；牺牲；泄露；颁发give back 归还give cause 给予~~的理由give ear to 侧耳倾听give forth 发出，放出；发表give in 屈服，让步，投降give in to 同意，接受；向~~让步give off 发出（烟，气味）give oneself out to be/as 自称为give oneself up to 专心于；向~~自首give out 分发，公布give place to 让位于，被~~所替代give rise to 引起，导致；使~~发生give sb. to understand 通知某人give up 放弃；停止give way to 让步，退却；屈服于7. 以get为中心的词组get about 徘徊，走动，旅行；流传get above oneself 自视高傲get accustomed to 习惯于，对~~习以为常get across 度过，通过，横过；说服，使理解get ahead of 胜过，超过get along 前进，进步；同意；离去get along with 与~~相处get at 发现，了解；掌握；攻击get away 离开，逃脱get back 取回，回来；报复get behind 落后；识破get down 咽下；写下；使沮丧，使抑郁get down to 认真对待，静下心来get familiar with 熟悉get hold of 获得，取得get home 到家get in 进入，陷入；牵涉get off 送走；脱下（衣服）；下车；动身get on 上车；穿上；进步，使前进；成功；相处get upon with 进步；在~~方面获得成功get one’s hand in 熟悉；习惯get out of 由~~出来，从~~得出；避免；退休get over 越过；恢复，痊愈；克服；完成get ready for 为~~作准备get rid of 除去，去掉；免除，摆脱get through 到达，完成，通过；及格get together 积聚，积累；商谈，取得一致意见get up 起床，起立；研究，钻研；致力于；安排，组织get used to 习惯于have got to do 不得不，必须8. 以look为中心的词组look about 四下环顾；查看look after 照顾，看管look around 东张西望look at 注视，着眼于look back 回顾look for 寻找；期待，期望look down on 俯视；轻视look forward to 盼望，期待look into 窥视；调查；浏览look like 看起来象look on 旁观；面向look out 向外看；注意；当心，堤防look over 从上面看过去；检查look through 透过~~看去；看穿；浏览look up to 仰望，尊敬9. 以make为中心的词组be made from 由~~原料制成be made of 由~~材料制成be made up of 由~~组成make a fool of 愚弄，欺骗make a mistake 弄错make a point of doing 强调；认为~~重要；决心，坚持make advantages/use of 使用，利用make after 追求，追赶make believe 假装make certain 确信，把~~弄清楚make contact with 接通，与~~接触，与~~联系make for 去向，向~~前进；有利于make friends with 和~~交友make into 把~~制成，使~~转变为make much of 重视；理解；赏识make one’s mind on sth. 决定某事make one’s own 当作自己的看待make oneself at home 随便，别拘束make out 填写；开支票；理解；辨认make the best of 尽量利用；极为重视make up 弥补，修理；赔偿，补偿；起草；编造；化装make up to 接近，巴结；向~~求爱make way for 为~~让路，让路于on the make 急求成功；增加10. 以take为中心的词组be taken aback 吃惊take a seat 就坐take a shower 淋浴，洗澡take aim 瞄准，设立目标take away 拿走，减去；夺去take ~~ by surprise 出奇制胜take care of 当心，注意；照顾；提防；谨慎；处理，对付；负责take ~~ for 把~~当作take off 脱去，除去；离开；起飞；模仿；起程；致死；复制，作副本；减弱take office 就职，上任take one’s place 就坐，入坐take one’s temperature 量体温take part in 参与，参加take place = happen 发生，举行take the place of 代替take pride in 以~~为荣，对~~骄傲take sb. by the arm 拉某人的胳膊take it easy 别着急，慢慢来11. 以put为中心的词组put aside 把~~放在一边；搁置；排除put away 把~~放好，把~~收拾；储藏；吃喝，吃掉put back 把~~放回原处；驳回put down 放下；镇压；制止；记下；削减；降落put forward 提出；拨快；建议，推荐；提倡，倡议put ~~ into 把~~放入；插入；翻译成put off 推迟，延期；消除；推脱，推辞put on 上演；穿上，带上put one’s heart into 全神贯注，专心致志put up 举起，挂起；提名，推荐；陈列put up with 忍受，容忍。