黑龙江大学跨文化考试考点
跨文化交际-黑龙江大学-崔常亮老师-chapter 8 (2)
Biomedical Approach
• People are thought to be controlled by biochemical forces
Family and Gender Roles in the Health Care Context
The health care system in the United States typically focuses solely on the individual patient. In Latin America, competent treatment for patiens may require the involvement and agreement of other family members.
The Educational Context
The Health Care Context
Culture's Influence
Management
Business Etiquette Norms
Culture's Influence
Culture's Influence
Role Behaviors of Students and Teachers Classroom Participation Turn Taking
CONCLUSIONS:
• There is a big difference between teaching and learning. • The teacher needs to understand how the learner learns and what the learner learns. • Language learning requires raising cultural awareness. • Learning a target language requires a positive attitude towards the target culture.
2005-2006学年春季学期大学英语跨文化交际课程期末试题...
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2005-2006 学年春季学期大学英语跨文化交际课程期末试题（B 卷） 学年春季学期大学英语跨文化交际课程期末试题（
订 线 题 号 I 40 分 II 15 分 III 15 分 IV 20 分 V 10 分 （院系： 院系： 专业： 专业： 卷 面 分 100 随 堂 测 试 20 分 课 堂 表 现 10 分 年级： 年级： 评 卷 人 ）
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Part I. Choose one word or expression from those in the box below to fill the gap in each of the sentences. Write the correct letters in the blanks on your answer sheet. （2×20=40） ） c. Communication competence j. Symbols
1. Assume that global warming is a fact, and, as a result, assume that summers in the United States average 43℃ (109℉). It would be logical to make adjustments: Rather than air condition building all day, you might close schools and businesses in the afternoons to conserve energy. Such adjustments would make sense. Why then do some people attribute sensible midday siestas in hot climates to laziness? 2 An international student in a U.S. grocery may be asked, “paper or plastic?” The student knows what paper is and what plastic is, but don’t understand the question.
大学英语跨文化交际 副本【VIP专享】
10. ______ refers to the irrational dislike, suspicion, or hatred of a particular group, race, religion, or
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sexual orientation.
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9. _______ affect what people are more likely to attend to.
题 I II III IV V VI VII 面 折合 堂 堂 总 卷
A. Needs B. Stimuli C. Selections D. Movements
号 15 20 8 15 10 17 15 分 60% 测 表 分 人
Directions: There are 15 questions in this section. For each question there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the RIGHT ONE that can best complete the question. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
offensive.
A. Euphemism B. Taboo C. Argot D. Dialect
对全部高中资料试卷电气设备，在安装过程中以及安装结束后进行高中资料试卷调整试验；通电检查所有设备高中资料电试力卷保相护互装作置用调与试相技互术关，通系电1，力过根保管据护线0生高不产中仅工资22艺料22高试可中卷以资配解料置决试技吊卷术顶要是层求指配，机置对组不电在规气进范设行高备继中进电资行保料空护试载高卷与中问带资题负料22荷试，下卷而高总且中体可资配保料置障试时23卷，23调需各控要类试在管验最路；大习对限题设度到备内位进来。行确在调保管整机路使组敷其高设在中过正资程常料1工试中况卷，下安要与全加过，强度并看2工且55作尽22下可2都能护1可地关以缩于正小管常故路工障高作高中；中资对资料于料试继试卷电卷连保破接护坏管进范口行围处整，理核或高对者中定对资值某料，些试审异卷核常弯与高扁校中度对资固图料定纸试盒，卷位编工置写况.复进保杂行护设自层备动防与处腐装理跨置，接高尤地中其线资要弯料避曲试免半卷错径调误标试高方中等案资，，料要编5试求写、卷技重电保术要气护交设设装底备备4置。高调、动管中试电作线资高气，敷料中课并3设试资件且、技卷料中拒管术试试调绝路中验卷试动敷包方技作设含案术，技线以来术槽及避、系免管统不架启必等动要多方高项案中方；资式对料，整试为套卷解启突决动然高过停中程机语中。文高因电中此气资，课料电件试力中卷高管电中壁气资薄设料、备试接进卷口行保不调护严试装等工置问作调题并试，且技合进术理行，利过要用关求管运电线行力敷高保设中护技资装术料置。试做线卷到缆技准敷术确设指灵原导活则。。：对对在于于分调差线试动盒过保处程护，中装当高置不中高同资中电料资压试料回卷试路技卷交术调叉问试时题技，，术应作是采为指用调发金试电属人机隔员一板，变进需压行要器隔在组开事在处前发理掌生；握内同图部一纸故线资障槽料时内、，设需强备要电制进回造行路厂外须家部同出电时具源切高高断中中习资资题料料电试试源卷卷，试切线验除缆报从敷告而设与采完相用毕关高，技中要术资进资料行料试检，卷查并主和且要检了保测解护处现装理场置。设。备高中资料试卷布置情况与有关高中资料试卷电气系统接线等情况，然后根据规范与规程规定，制定设备调试高中资料试卷方案。
黑龙江大学跨文化案例分析Cases
Case 2:White DressCase analysis: The Indian women might think the wedding ceremony is a funeral if they see the western brid e in white gown. The case reflects the similes and metaphors in the text. Culture is like an iceberg: we can ide ntify the color of the dress worn by women in different cultures, but we do not know the values underneath. C ulture is like the water a fish swims in: people wear dress of different colors for different context but they usu ally take it for granted and never ask why.Case 4:Coconut-skating（用椰油保养地板的方法）The case reflects the characteristics of culture. We can tell from the case that culture is pervasive and it’s lear ned. People may invent different ways for things even as simple as the issue of floor moping. The Philippine w oman must have learned this way of mopping from her own culture.Case 12: Why Don’t You Eat the Pizza?This case can reflect the problems appearing during intercultural communication and how ignoring cultural diff erences can affect communication. In Malaysia, where most people are Muslims, people think the left hand i s used only for cleaning the body and thus it is dirty and can not be used to pass food. Knowing nothing abou t the cultural difference, the American student puts himself in an embarrassing situation. Chapter 3 Culture’s I nfluence on PerceptionCase 16: Different Responses to NoiseThis case can reflect different culture can give different influences on human sensation. No two of people ca n assume that their sensations are the same, especially when they come from different cultures. Different soci al reality and living conditions can equip them with different way to sense the world. So it is very common fo r them to have totally different sensations even towards the same condition. In this case, the German profess or and Japanese professor have very different response to the noise produced by the same motor for the heat ing system because of their cultures and living habits.Case 21: A Danish Woman in New YorkThis case can reflect assuming similarity instead of difference. When communicating with people from anothe r culture, one is likely to regard and treat other people as “his people”and to assume there must be only on e way of doing things: that is “his way”. In this case, the Danish woman assumes that her behavior of leavin g the baby alone, which is common in Denmark, is also appropriate in New York. Here, she assumes what is s uitable in her own culture is also indisputable in another culture. That is why the small conflict happens.Case 23:Girl-nessThis case can reflect one of the translation problems: the lack of conceptual equivalence, which refers to abstr act ideas that may not exist in the same fashion in different languages. Different cultures may attach differen t meanings to the same thing or person. Concerning this case, we should know what young females call them selves is very different in China from the States. In China, "girl" means someone who is young and single. In a way, it makes a female sound more desirable to be called a girl rather than a woman. For most people, "w oman" means someone who is married and who probably is not young. In fact, most single Chinese female s, such as university students, would be insulted to be called "women". While in the West, in formal, public settings, it is customary to call any woman who is past puberty a woman, even though she may not be legally ol d enough to vote, marry, purchase alcoholic beverages, drive a car, or sign a contract. This terminology beca me widespread during the "women's liberation movement in the 1960s". The term "'girl" is sometimes interpre ted to be demeaning or disrespectful.Case 24:An Unfair DecisionThis case reflects prejudice, which involves an unfair, biased, or intolerant attitude towards another group of p eople. In this case, Mr. Bias decided to select someone else, instead of applicant from the country Levadel, fo r the position. That is just because he holds prejudice towards people from the country Levadel.Case 25:Success StoryOne of the sources of the frustration and misunderstandings that occurred in this case was different notions o f what was verbally relevant. In this case, Mary was expecting a much more direct response to her questio n. Ms. Goshima, however, was uncomfortable with the question and felt her response should be very indirec t and establish a proper sense of modesty before revealing the answer to the question. If Mary had been mor e patient, she would have eventually heard the answer to her question, but she was not really paying attentio n when it finally came because she felt that Ms. Goshima's comments weren't really relevant to her query.Case 33:Are Americans Indifferent?This case can reflect different nonverbal communication patterns exist in the actual intercultural communicatio n, especially facial expression differ according to different pared to most Chinese, Americans lik e to smile a lot and to have causal and rich facial expressions in their daily lives, even though they have som e misfortune. In this case, because of the different opinions about facial expressions in intercultural communic ation, the American lady talked about her father’s sickness and death in a smiling way to show she still has th e optimistic way to treat the future life, which is misunderstood as being indifferent and selfish by the Chines e.Case 36:Don’t Put Your Hand on My ArmThis case can reflect different cultures have different opinions to spatial relations. Different cultures have ver y different opinions about an individual’s unconsciously structuring the microspace immediately surrounding th e physical body. Some cultures can have relatively close distance when communicating while other cultures ca nnot. Some western cultures consider body touch between people of the same gender to be cultural taboo an d a symbol of being homosexual.In this case, Sam is from western cultures and knows the social taboo of bod y touch very clearly,so he wouldn’t let others misunderstand Mark’s close body distance and touch with hi m, even though Mark from Chile doesn’t know the cultural taboo at all.Case 41: Getting FrustratedJay was frustrated in large part because many of the norms he was used to didn't apply in Saudi Arabia, and many Saudi norms did not make sense to him. Much of the business done in Saudi Arabia depends on baksh eesh, a type of kickback to a middleman (and it is a man), who facilitates contacts between potential busines s partners. The middleman is doing a service and expects to get paid for it. The more baksheesh the person gi ves, the more likely it is that the person will succeed, because the middleman will be sure to treat him very w ell. Giving baksheesh is a norm in the Saudi business community. In addition, Saudis believe that God gave us multifunctional hands and that the hand is our best tool for eating. However, they are also concerned with h ygiene. They reserve the left hand for cleaning themselves and use the right hand for eating. Saudis have a n umber of norms related to restricting male and female interaction that, within the context of their religious bel iefs, make perfect sense but would be very inappropriate to most Westerners.Case 43: The Improvement Does Not WorkFollowing their individualistic orientations, Mr. Patterson and Mr. Wyman were perfectly comfortable with the i dea of creating team leaders within the individual sales groups. However, as Park Young Sam mentions, doin g so upset the harmony of the groups, which in turn led to poor performance. In the United States, workers a re often motivated by the opportunity for promotion and advancement as this serves the individualistic drive f or individual achievement. In collectivistic cultures, however, workers may be motivated by being a part of a c ohesive and productive team. Individualism and collectivism are terms that describe whole cultures. But cultur es are not pure. Members of collectivist cultures may practice individualistic tendencies while members of indi vidualist cultures may value collectivist ideals. For example, Denmark is a country with both collectivistic and i ndividualistic tendencies. In Denmark, individual freedom is nurtured through a devotion to established traditi ons and customs. Regarding income and social rank, Danes are staunchly egalitarian. At the same time, howe ver, Danes consider themselves free to be nonconformist and to stand out from the group. In this way, Dane s may be at the theoretical midpoint of the individualism and collectivism cultural continuum.Case 44:When Shall We Meet For Dinner?Uncertainty avoidance orientation can be seen in this case. In the dialogue presented below,Kelly and Keiko ar e interacting about a dinner invitation. Kelly, from the United States, possesses a relatively low uncertainty av oidance index, while Keiko, from Japan, comes from a culture with a relatively high uncertainty avoidance ind ex.In the dialogue above, Keiko is confused by Kelly’s easygoing attitude toward the evening’s plans. Comin g from a high uncertainty-avoidant culture, Keiko would prefer to plan ahead to avoid uncertainty and prepar e her script for the evening. Kelly, on the other hand, is perfectly comfortable making plans based on how th e evening progresses. Without a plan, how will Keiko know how to act?Case 48:Gift from a ChineseChinese people love giving gifts. Usually, the value of the gift is an indication of how important the receiver i s in the sender’s eyes. Most people giving gifts are concerned about whether the gift will be seen as valuabl e enough. An inexpensive gift means a loss of face.Dongxie may have a practical reason in giving the ginsen g to his manager, but most Chinese will take it as something usual for a subordinate to do this to a manager o ut of a sign of respect.North American companies do occasionally receive gifts out of appreciation for the frien dship and assistance the manager may provide. Such gifts are treasured; however, the value usually is fairly s mall, a bottle of wine, a music CD, a small book, or other tokens.Case 50:Refuse to Be Treated?In the case just described, the U.S. American medical team system for making sense of the situation demande d that people be seen in order of the seriousness of their injuries or illness. Each person was considered as wo rthwhile as the next, and so seriousness of injury appeared to be a natural way to determine who was seen fir st. However, the cultural system working for those on the Virgin Islands demanded that elders be seen and tr eated first. Their position, age, and wisdom demanded respect. For younger members of the community to go ahead of them in a time of crisis was seen as extremely disrespectful.The conflict centered on efforts by eac h side to do what they perceived as good and morally responsible. Because the U.S. Americans were in a bett er position to adapt than an entire community that had just suffered great loss and were under extreme stres s, it was good that they were willing to do so. Sadly, this is not always the case.Case 54: A Fish out of WaterThis case reflects that the boy is experiencing culture shock, which may bring him some psychological sympto ms. Culture shock is virtually a communication problem which involves the depressed feelings accompanying a lack of understanding of the verbal and nonverbal communication of the host culture, its customs, as wel l as its value systems. Culture shock happens when people have to deal with a huge amount of new perceptu al stimuli that are difficult to understand and interpret because the cultural context has changed. In this cas e, when the American student feels that his familiar cues from his native culture is removed, he becomes to re ject the new environment and he displays some psychological symptoms due to culture shock.Case 55:Missing China!This case can reflect reverse culture shock. When people return home after an extended stay in a foreign cult ure, they experience another round of culture shock in their native culture and they must proceed through th e four stages of the U-curve pattern once again. In this case, John, whose comes from Canada, has been livin g in China for quite a long time and he has got familiar with the Chinese culture. Therefore, when he returns t o Canada, he cannot adapt well to his native culture.。
黑龙江大学09-10学年第一学期《大学英语跨文化交际》复习重点
黑龙江大学09-10学年第一学期《大学英语跨文化交际》复习重点Chapter 1 CultureI.定义Culture(from intellectual perspective):从知性角度定义文化：作为整体的人类智力成就的艺术和其他表现Culture(from anthropologic perspective)：从人类学角度定义文化：文化有清晰和模糊的行为模式构成，这些模式通过符号获得并传播，这些符号有人类群体的特别成就构成，包括具体的人工制品。
文化的基本核心由传统思想和与其相关的价值观构成。
Culture(from psychological perspective) : 从心理学角度定义文化：文化是使一个人类群体成员区别于其他人类群体的思维的总体规划。
Culture(from sociological perspective): 从社会学角度定义文化：文化是一种可习得的，基于群体的认知模式——包括言语与非言语符号，态度，价值观，信仰和非信仰系统以及行为。
Culture(from intercultural communication perspective): 从跨文化交际学角度定义文化：文化是个人和群体在种族发展过程中所获得的知识，经验，信仰，价值观，行为，态度，阶级，宗教，时间观，角色，空间观和艺术品的集合。
Culture Identity: 文化身份：认为自己归属于某一文化或民族群体的感觉。
Subculture亚文化：指存在于主流文化中的文化，其划分通常基于经济地位，社会阶层，民族，种族或地理区域。
Co-culture 共文化——指具有独特的交际特征，感知特点，价值观，信仰和行为，区别于其他群体，社团以及主流文化的群体或社团。
Subgroup 亚群体——相对于亚文化和共文化群体，亚群体通常规模不大，也不一定有文化群体时代相传积累的价值观念和行为模式。
Chapter 2 Communication and Intercultural Communication1. Sender/Source信息发出者/信息源：指传递信息的人2. Message信息：只引起信息接受者反应的任何信号。
黑大跨文化英语试题
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2006-2007学年第一学期（秋季学期）大学英语跨文化交际课程期末试题（A卷）
（院系：专业：年级：）
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PartI.Multiple Choice（15 points, 1 point each）
4. _____ is a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, and norms, which affect the behavior of a relatively large group of people.
D.Developing culture sensitivity in the way we speak and behave.
2. A _____ resembles a culture in that it usually encompasses a relatively large number of people and represents the accumulation of generations of human striving.
25.Another catalogue about the components of intercultural competence includesthree components. They are_______ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ____.
2005-2006学年秋季学期跨文化交际导论期末试题(A卷)
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or native language.
elevator may stand right next to another person and be touching even though no one else is in the elevator.
8. In an ______ culture, the interest of the individual prevails over the interests of the group. 订
3. Human perception is usually thought of as a three-step process of ________, organization, and
restaurant while she was inside. Other diners at the restaurant became concerned and called New
l. Ramadan m. Intercultural communication n. Individualist
o. Pidgin
p. Chicano
q. Ethnocentrism
r. Adaptation potential s. Back translation
t. Nonverbal communication
院系 年级 专业 姓名 学号 考试课程
黑龙江大学 2005-2006 学年秋季学期跨文化交际导论期末试题
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2005-2006 学年秋季学期跨文化交际导论期末试题（A 卷）
10. A _____ resembles a culture in that it usually encompasses a relatively large number of people
2005-2006学年春季学期大学英语跨文化交际课程期末试题...
（院系：
专业：
订
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）
年 11.
deals with a society’s tolerance for
uncertainty and ambiguity; it ultimately refers
to man’s search for Truth.
12. ________refers to manners and behaviors
silent contempt.” The Allies took it as the most
线
offensive meaning.
.
1.
refers to that portion of the receiver
response of which the source has knowledge
2005-2006 学年春季学期大学英 语跨文化交际课程期末试题...
黑龙江大学 2005-2006 学年春季学期大学英语跨文化交际课程期末试题
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10. In the
culture, the interest of the
2005-2006 学年春季学期大学英语跨文化交际课程期末试题（A 卷）
individual prevails over the interests of the group.
专业
得
17. Confucius encouraged a sense of __________and harmony.
分
18.The
refer to the ability to understand
and adapt the target culture; in another word, it
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本人总结的2011黑大跨文化考试考点，辛苦啊啊~欢迎分享。
所有的概念关键词+所有考试让看的CASE理解。
来源：刘洋 Alina的日志跨文化考试总结（大家考试加油哈！）考试构成：一、单选 1*10=10分。
（Choose the one that）其中有一部分是书中的概念。
二、判断1*10=10分。
（A—>true。
B—>false) 课后习题第二大题，其中某些题是变动的。
要注重理解。
三、搭配1*20=20分。
matching 四组搭配，概念的对应，每一章课后的summary中的黑体字。
四、阅读理解1*20=20分。
四篇。
与课文中的专有词有关。
五、完型填空1*10=10分。
六、案例分析3*5=15分。
五个案例。
书中案例有四个，课外一个。
七、写作15分。
150+words。
可以准备一些跨文化、交际的文章。
四十分钟的写作时间。
8: 00——8:40.作文提前收！注：前六大题是客观题即选择，只有写作是主观题。
课后题：（课后题第一第二大题老师也让多多关注，我这里就不多写啦，除了课后第一第二大题，我这里都全啦）1、P28——P302、P58——P613、P95——P974、P124——P1265、P159——P1626、P194——P1977、P237——P2408、P270——P2729、P304——P306所有概念关键词+考试范围内的CASE：Chapter 1 CultureKeywords(1) Culture (from intellectual perspective): Culture is “the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively”（从知性角度定义文化：作为整体的人类智力成就的艺术和其他表现。
）(2) Culture (from anthropologic perspective): Culture consists of patterns, explicit and im plicit, of and for behavior acquired and transmitted by symbols, constituting the distinctiv e achievement of human groups, including their embodiments in artifacts; the essential c ore of culture consists of traditional ideas and especially their attached values”.（从人类学角度定义文化：文化由清晰和模糊的行为模式构成，这些模式通过符号获得并传播，这些符号由人类群体的特别成就构成，包括具体的人工制品。
文化的基本核心由传统思想和与其相关的价值观构成。
）(3) Culture ( from psychological perspective): culture is the collective programming of he mind which distinguishes the members of one category of people from another。
（从心理学角度定义文化：文化是使一个人类群体成员区别于其他人类群体的思维的总体规划。
）(4) Culture (from socialogical perspective): Culture is defined as a pattern of learned, gro up-related perception—including both verbal and nonverbal language, attitudes, values, belief system, disbelief systems, and behavior. (从社会学角度定义文化：文化是一种可习得的、基于群体的认知模式——包括言语与非言语符号、态度、价值观、信仰和非信仰系统以及行为。
)(5) Culture ( from intercultural communication perspective): is the deposit of knowledg e, experience, belief, values, actions, attitudes, hierarchies, religions, notions of time, rol es, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and artifacts acquired by a group of peopl e in the course of generations through individual and group striving. （从跨文化交际学角度定义文化：文化是个人和群体在种族发展过程中所获得的知识、经验、信仰、价值观、行为、态度、阶级、宗教、时间观、角色、空间观、宇宙观和艺术品的集合。
）(6) Culture Identity: refers to one’s sense of belonging to a particular culture or ethnic gr oup.（文化身份：认为自己归属于某一文化或民族群体的感觉。
）(7) Subculture：refers to a culture that exists within dominant culture, and is often based on economic or social class, ethnicity, race, or geographic region. （亚文化：指存在于主流文化中的文化，其划分通常基于经济地位、社会阶层、民族、种族或地理区域。
）Subcultures exist within dominant culture,and are often based on economic or social clas s,ethnicity,race,or geographic region.(8) Co-culture: refers to groups or social communities exhibiting communication characte ristics, perceptions, values, beliefs, and practices that are significantly different enough t o distinguish them from the other groups, communities, and the dominant culture. （共文化：指具有独特的交际特征、感知特点、价值观、信仰和行为，区别于其他群体、社团以及主流文化的群体或社团。
）(9) Subgroup: usually does not involve the same large number of people and is not nece ssarily thought of as accumulating values and patterns of behavior over generations in th e same way as cultures do. （亚群体：相对于亚文化和共文化群体，亚群体通常规模不大，也不一定有文化群体世代相传积累的价值观念和行为模式。
）Case 2: White Dress Case analysis: The Indian women might think the wedding ceremon y is a funeral if they see the western bride in white gown. The case reflects the similes a nd metaphors in the text. Culture is like an iceberg: we can identify the color of the dres s worn by women in different cultures, but we do not know the values underneath. Cultu re is like the water a fish swims in: people wear dress of different colors for different con text but they usually take it for granted and never ask why.♣(6) Culture Identity: refers to one’s sense of belonging to a particular culture or ethnic group.（文化身份：认为自己归属于某一文化或民族群体的感觉。
）Case 4: Coconut-skating（用椰油保养地板的方法）Case analysis: The case reflects the c haracteristics of culture. We can tell from the case that culture is pervasive and it’s learn ed. People may invent different ways for things even as simple as the issue of floor mopi ng. The Philippine woman must have learned this way of mopping from her own culture.Chapter 2 Communication and Intercultural CommunicationKeywords(1) Sender/Source: A sender/source is the person who transmits a message.（信息发出者/信息源：信息发出者/信息源指传递信息的人。
）(2) Message: A message is any signal that triggers the response of a receiver.（信息：信息指引起信息接受者反应的任何信号。