Week 8 Matching 2
外研版八年级英语上册Module3 测试卷附答案
外研版八年级英语上册Module 3测试卷(100分, 90分钟)听力部分(25分)一、听力(共15小题, 第一节每小题1分, 第二、三节每小题2分, 满分25分) 第一节: 听小对话, 从A、B、C三个选项中选出正确的选项。
每段对话读一遍。
()1. When did the baseball match start?A. At 8: 45.B. At 8: 30.C. At 8: 15.()2. Why didn't Jim do much exercise last year?A. Because he hurt his head.B. Because he couldn't walk.C. Because he hurt his legs.()3. Who won the basketball match?A. A team from No. 1 Middle School.B. A team from No. 2 Middle School.C. We don't know.()4. What does the man like doing after dinner?A. Running.B. Walking.C. Jogging.()5. What did Linda do at the weekend?A. She played football.B. She played tennis.C. She wrote a letter. 第二节: 听长对话, 从A、B、C三个选项中选出正确的选项。
每段对话读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话, 完成6—7小题。
()6. What is the man going to do this weekend?A. Read at home.B. Skate in the park.C. Play computer games.()7. When did the man start skating?A. Four years ago.B. Five years ago.C. Twelve years ago. 听下面一段较长对话, 完成8—10小题。
四年级英语下册unit8 Days of the week Period2 牛津上海版
4, Let's go to the cinema---Saturday morning. Great. angry A. in B. at C. on
5, Simon plays chess---his grandfather after school. A. to B. with C. and
Read and choose
What lessons do you have on Monday afternoon?
What day is it today? What time is it now?
At the weekend, Peter goes to the park with his family.
Preview
when
what
Monday afternoon go to the school library
angry
Tuesday afternoon play basketball with his friends
weekend.
angry
2 Sentences
Peter likes reading. He plays chess after school.
At the weekend, he goes to the park with his family.
Preview
clothes
panlgarynt
Module 3 My colourful life
Unit 8 Days of the week
大学英语四六级week8听力原文及答案
大学英语四六级week8听力原文及答案Week 8Conversation 1:M: Mary, I hope you're packed and ready to leave.W: Yes, I’m packed, but not quite ready. I can’t find my passport.M: Your passport? That’s the one thing you mustn’t leave behind.W: I know. I haven’t lost it. I’ve packed it, but I can’t remember which bag it’s in.M: Well, you have to find it at the airport. Come on, the taxi is waiting.W: Did you say taxi? I thought we were going in your car.M: Yes, well, I have planned to, but I’ll explain later. You’ve got to be there in an hour.W: The plane doesn’t leave for two hours. Anyway, I’m ready to go now.M: Now, you're taking just one case, is that right?W: No, there is one in the hall as well.M: Gosh, what a lot of stuff! You're taking enough for a month instead of a week.W: Well, you can’t depend on the weather. It might be cold.M: It’s never cold in Rome. Certainly not in May. Come on, we really must go.W: Right, we're ready. We’ve got the bags, I’m sure there's no need to rush.M: There is. I asked the taxi driver to wait two minutes, not twenty.W: Look, I’m supposed to be going away to relax. You'remaking me nervous.M: Well, I want you to relax on holiday, but you can’t relax yet.W: OK, I promise not to relax, at least not until we get to the airport and I find my passport.Questions 19-22 are based on the conversatoin you have just heard.Q19: What does the woman say about her passport?Q20: What do we know about the woman’s trip?Q21: Why does the man urge the woman to hurry?Q22: Where does the conversation most probably take place?KEY: A C C AConversation 2:W: Oh, I’m fed up with my job.M: Hey, there's a perfect job for you in the paper today. You might be interested.W: Oh, what is it? What do they want?M: Wait a minute. Uh, here it is. The European Space Agency is recruiting translators.W: The European Space Agency?M: Well, that’s what it says. They need an English translator to work from French or German.W: So they need a degree in Fren ch or German, I suppose. Well, I’ve got that. What’s more, I have plenty of experience. What else are they asking for?M: Just that. A university degree and three or four years of experience as a translator in a professional environment. They also say the person should have a lively and inquiring mind, effective communication skills and the ability to work individually or as a part of the team.W: Well, if I stay at my present job much longer, I won’t have any mind or skills left. By the way, what about salary? I just hope it isn’t lower than what I get now.M: It’s said to be negotiable. It depends on the applicant’s education and experience. Inaddition to basic salary, there's a list of extra benefits. Have a look yourself.W: Hm, travel and social security plus relocation expenses are paid. Hey, this isn’t bad. I really want the job.Questions 23-25 are based on the conversatoin you have just heard.Q23: Why is the woman trying to find a new job?Q24: What position is being advertised in the paper?Q25: What are the key factors that determine the salary of the new position?KEY: C A DPassage 1:There are three groups of English learners: beginners, intermediate learners, and learners of special English. Beginners need to learn the basics of English. Students who have reached an intermediate level benefit from learning general English skills. But what about student who want to learn specialist English for their work or professional life? Most students, who fit into this third group have a clear idea about what they want to learn. A bank clerk, for example, wants to use this specialist vocabulary and technical terms of finance. But for teachers, deciding how to teach specialist English is not always so easy. For a start, the variety is enormous. Every field from airline pilots to secretaries has its own vocabulary and technical terms. Teachers also need to have an up-to-date knowledge of that specialist language, andnot many teachers are exposed to working environments outside the classroom. These issues have influenced the way specialist English is taught in schools. This type of course is usually known as English for Specific Purposes, or ESP and there isn't ESP courses for almost every area of professional and working life. In Britain, for example, there are courses which teach English for doctors, lawyers, reporters travel agents and people working in the hotel industry. By far, the most popular ESP courses are for business English.Questions 11 to 14 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. What is the characteristic of learners of special English?12. Who needs ESP courses most?13. What are the most popular ESP courses in Britain?14. What is the speaker mainly talking about?KEY: D A B CPassage 2:The first step to stop drug abuse is knowing why people start to use drugs. The reasons people abuse drugs are as different as people are from one to another. But there seems to be one common thread: people seem to take drugs to change the way they feel. They want to feel better or feel happy or to feel nothing. Sometimes, they want to forget or to remember. People often feel better about themselves when they are under the influence of drugs. But the effects don't last long. Drugs don't solve problems. They just postpone them. No matter how far drugs may take you, it's alwaysaround trip. After a while, people who miss drugs may feel worse about themselves, and then they may use more drugs. If someone you know is using or abusing drugs, you can help. Themost important part you can play is to be there. You can let your friends know that you care. You can listen and try to solve the problem behind your friend's need to use drugs. Two people together can often solve a problem that seems too big for one person alone. Studies of heavy abusers in the United States show that they felt unloved and unwanted. They didn't have close friends to talk to. When you or your friends take the time to care for each other, you're all helping to stop drugs abuse. After all, what is a friend for?Questions 15 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.15. Why do some people abuse drugs?16. According to the passage, what is the best way to stop friends from abusing drugs?17. What are the findings of the studies about heavy drug users?KEY: B A APassage 3：Bows and arrows, are one of man's oldest weapons. They gave early man an effective weapon to kill his enemies. The ordinary bow or short bow was used by early all early people. This bow bad limited power and short range. However, man overcame these faults by learning to track his targets at a close range. The long bow was most likely discovered when someone found out that a five-foot piece of wood made a better bow than a three-foot piece. Hundreds of thousands of these bows were made and used for three hundred years. However, not one is known to survive today. We believe that a force of about one hundred pounds was needs to pull the string all the way back on a long bow. For a long time the bow was just a bent stick andstring. In fact, more changes have taken place in a bow in the past 25 years than in the last 7 centuries. Today, bow is forceful. It is as exact as a gun. In addition, it requires little strength to draw the string. Modern bows also have precise aiming devices. In indoor contests, perfect scores from 40 yard are common. The invention of the bows itself ranks with discovery of fire and the wheel. It was a great-step-forward for man. Questions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18. Why did man have to track his target at a close range when using a short bow?19. What does the passage tell us about the long bow?20. What do we know about modern bows?:KEY: C B APassage 4：Key: 1. in a loud voice2. particularly interesting3. in the same room4. in curing them5. had a talk6. suffering from a delusion7. who are you。
NEMA TS2
TS 2-2003 v02.06 Page i
CONTENTS
................................................................................................................................................xv Scope ..........................................................................................................................................................xvi History .........................................................................................................................................................xix TS 2-1998 Update.......................................................................................................................................xxi TS 2-2003 Update........................................................................................................................
Glider Flying Handbook说明书
Glider Flying Handbook2013U.S. Department of TransportationFEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATIONFlight Standards Servicei iPrefaceThe Glider Flying Handbook is designed as a technical manual for applicants who are preparing for glider category rating and for currently certificated glider pilots who wish to improve their knowledge. Certificated flight instructors will find this handbook a valuable training aid, since detailed coverage of aeronautical decision-making, components and systems, aerodynamics, flight instruments, performance limitations, ground operations, flight maneuvers, traffic patterns, emergencies, soaring weather, soaring techniques, and cross-country flight is included. Topics such as radio navigation and communication, use of flight information publications, and regulations are available in other Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) publications.The discussion and explanations reflect the most commonly used practices and principles. Occasionally, the word “must” or similar language is used where the desired action is deemed critical. The use of such language is not intended to add to, interpret, or relieve a duty imposed by Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR). Persons working towards a glider rating are advised to review the references from the applicable practical test standards (FAA-G-8082-4, Sport Pilot and Flight Instructor with a Sport Pilot Rating Knowledge Test Guide, FAA-G-8082-5, Commercial Pilot Knowledge Test Guide, and FAA-G-8082-17, Recreational Pilot and Private Pilot Knowledge Test Guide). Resources for study include FAA-H-8083-25, Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge, FAA-H-8083-2, Risk Management Handbook, and Advisory Circular (AC) 00-6, Aviation Weather For Pilots and Flight Operations Personnel, AC 00-45, Aviation Weather Services, as these documents contain basic material not duplicated herein. All beginning applicants should refer to FAA-H-8083-25, Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge, for study and basic library reference.It is essential for persons using this handbook to become familiar with and apply the pertinent parts of 14 CFR and the Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM). The AIM is available online at . The current Flight Standards Service airman training and testing material and learning statements for all airman certificates and ratings can be obtained from .This handbook supersedes FAA-H-8083-13, Glider Flying Handbook, dated 2003. Always select the latest edition of any publication and check the website for errata pages and listing of changes to FAA educational publications developed by the FAA’s Airman Testing Standards Branch, AFS-630.This handbook is available for download, in PDF format, from .This handbook is published by the United States Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, Airman Testing Standards Branch, AFS-630, P.O. Box 25082, Oklahoma City, OK 73125.Comments regarding this publication should be sent, in email form, to the following address:********************************************John M. AllenDirector, Flight Standards Serviceiiii vAcknowledgmentsThe Glider Flying Handbook was produced by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) with the assistance of Safety Research Corporation of America (SRCA). The FAA wishes to acknowledge the following contributors: Sue Telford of Telford Fishing & Hunting Services for images used in Chapter 1JerryZieba () for images used in Chapter 2Tim Mara () for images used in Chapters 2 and 12Uli Kremer of Alexander Schleicher GmbH & Co for images used in Chapter 2Richard Lancaster () for images and content used in Chapter 3Dave Nadler of Nadler & Associates for images used in Chapter 6Dave McConeghey for images used in Chapter 6John Brandon (www.raa.asn.au) for images and content used in Chapter 7Patrick Panzera () for images used in Chapter 8Jeff Haby (www.theweatherprediction) for images used in Chapter 8National Soaring Museum () for content used in Chapter 9Bill Elliot () for images used in Chapter 12.Tiffany Fidler for images used in Chapter 12.Additional appreciation is extended to the Soaring Society of America, Inc. (), the Soaring Safety Foundation, and Mr. Brad Temeyer and Mr. Bill Martin from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for their technical support and input.vv iPreface (iii)Acknowledgments (v)Table of Contents (vii)Chapter 1Gliders and Sailplanes ........................................1-1 Introduction....................................................................1-1 Gliders—The Early Years ..............................................1-2 Glider or Sailplane? .......................................................1-3 Glider Pilot Schools ......................................................1-4 14 CFR Part 141 Pilot Schools ...................................1-5 14 CFR Part 61 Instruction ........................................1-5 Glider Certificate Eligibility Requirements ...................1-5 Common Glider Concepts ..............................................1-6 Terminology...............................................................1-6 Converting Metric Distance to Feet ...........................1-6 Chapter 2Components and Systems .................................2-1 Introduction....................................................................2-1 Glider Design .................................................................2-2 The Fuselage ..................................................................2-4 Wings and Components .............................................2-4 Lift/Drag Devices ...........................................................2-5 Empennage .....................................................................2-6 Towhook Devices .......................................................2-7 Powerplant .....................................................................2-7 Self-Launching Gliders .............................................2-7 Sustainer Engines .......................................................2-8 Landing Gear .................................................................2-8 Wheel Brakes .............................................................2-8 Chapter 3Aerodynamics of Flight .......................................3-1 Introduction....................................................................3-1 Forces of Flight..............................................................3-2 Newton’s Third Law of Motion .................................3-2 Lift ..............................................................................3-2The Effects of Drag on a Glider .....................................3-3 Parasite Drag ..............................................................3-3 Form Drag ...............................................................3-3 Skin Friction Drag ..................................................3-3 Interference Drag ....................................................3-5 Total Drag...................................................................3-6 Wing Planform ...........................................................3-6 Elliptical Wing ........................................................3-6 Rectangular Wing ...................................................3-7 Tapered Wing .........................................................3-7 Swept-Forward Wing ..............................................3-7 Washout ..................................................................3-7 Glide Ratio .................................................................3-8 Aspect Ratio ............................................................3-9 Weight ........................................................................3-9 Thrust .........................................................................3-9 Three Axes of Rotation ..................................................3-9 Stability ........................................................................3-10 Flutter .......................................................................3-11 Lateral Stability ........................................................3-12 Turning Flight ..............................................................3-13 Load Factors .................................................................3-13 Radius of Turn ..........................................................3-14 Turn Coordination ....................................................3-15 Slips ..........................................................................3-15 Forward Slip .........................................................3-16 Sideslip .................................................................3-17 Spins .........................................................................3-17 Ground Effect ...............................................................3-19 Chapter 4Flight Instruments ...............................................4-1 Introduction....................................................................4-1 Pitot-Static Instruments ..................................................4-2 Impact and Static Pressure Lines................................4-2 Airspeed Indicator ......................................................4-2 The Effects of Altitude on the AirspeedIndicator..................................................................4-3 Types of Airspeed ...................................................4-3Table of ContentsviiAirspeed Indicator Markings ......................................4-5 Other Airspeed Limitations ........................................4-6 Altimeter .....................................................................4-6 Principles of Operation ...........................................4-6 Effect of Nonstandard Pressure andTemperature............................................................4-7 Setting the Altimeter (Kollsman Window) .............4-9 Types of Altitude ......................................................4-10 Variometer................................................................4-11 Total Energy System .............................................4-14 Netto .....................................................................4-14 Electronic Flight Computers ....................................4-15 Magnetic Compass .......................................................4-16 Yaw String ................................................................4-16 Inclinometer..............................................................4-16 Gyroscopic Instruments ...............................................4-17 G-Meter ........................................................................4-17 FLARM Collision Avoidance System .........................4-18 Chapter 5Glider Performance .............................................5-1 Introduction....................................................................5-1 Factors Affecting Performance ......................................5-2 High and Low Density Altitude Conditions ...........5-2 Atmospheric Pressure .............................................5-2 Altitude ...................................................................5-3 Temperature............................................................5-3 Wind ...........................................................................5-3 Weight ........................................................................5-5 Rate of Climb .................................................................5-7 Flight Manuals and Placards ..........................................5-8 Placards ......................................................................5-8 Performance Information ...........................................5-8 Glider Polars ...............................................................5-8 Weight and Balance Information .............................5-10 Limitations ...............................................................5-10 Weight and Balance .....................................................5-12 Center of Gravity ......................................................5-12 Problems Associated With CG Forward ofForward Limit .......................................................5-12 Problems Associated With CG Aft of Aft Limit ..5-13 Sample Weight and Balance Problems ....................5-13 Ballast ..........................................................................5-14 Chapter 6Preflight and Ground Operations .......................6-1 Introduction....................................................................6-1 Assembly and Storage Techniques ................................6-2 Trailering....................................................................6-3 Tiedown and Securing ................................................6-4Water Ballast ..............................................................6-4 Ground Handling........................................................6-4 Launch Equipment Inspection ....................................6-5 Glider Preflight Inspection .........................................6-6 Prelaunch Checklist ....................................................6-7 Glider Care .....................................................................6-7 Preventive Maintenance .............................................6-8 Chapter 7Launch and Recovery Procedures and Flight Maneuvers ............................................................7-1 Introduction....................................................................7-1 Aerotow Takeoff Procedures .........................................7-2 Signals ........................................................................7-2 Prelaunch Signals ....................................................7-2 Inflight Signals ........................................................7-3 Takeoff Procedures and Techniques ..........................7-3 Normal Assisted Takeoff............................................7-4 Unassisted Takeoff.....................................................7-5 Crosswind Takeoff .....................................................7-5 Assisted ...................................................................7-5 Unassisted...............................................................7-6 Aerotow Climb-Out ....................................................7-6 Aerotow Release.........................................................7-8 Slack Line ...................................................................7-9 Boxing the Wake ......................................................7-10 Ground Launch Takeoff Procedures ............................7-11 CG Hooks .................................................................7-11 Signals ......................................................................7-11 Prelaunch Signals (Winch/Automobile) ...............7-11 Inflight Signals ......................................................7-12 Tow Speeds ..............................................................7-12 Automobile Launch ..................................................7-14 Crosswind Takeoff and Climb .................................7-14 Normal Into-the-Wind Launch .................................7-15 Climb-Out and Release Procedures ..........................7-16 Self-Launch Takeoff Procedures ..............................7-17 Preparation and Engine Start ....................................7-17 Taxiing .....................................................................7-18 Pretakeoff Check ......................................................7-18 Normal Takeoff ........................................................7-19 Crosswind Takeoff ...................................................7-19 Climb-Out and Shutdown Procedures ......................7-19 Landing .....................................................................7-21 Gliderport/Airport Traffic Patterns and Operations .....7-22 Normal Approach and Landing ................................7-22 Crosswind Landing ..................................................7-25 Slips ..........................................................................7-25 Downwind Landing ..................................................7-27 After Landing and Securing .....................................7-27viiiPerformance Maneuvers ..............................................7-27 Straight Glides ..........................................................7-27 Turns.........................................................................7-28 Roll-In ...................................................................7-29 Roll-Out ................................................................7-30 Steep Turns ...........................................................7-31 Maneuvering at Minimum Controllable Airspeed ...7-31 Stall Recognition and Recovery ...............................7-32 Secondary Stalls ....................................................7-34 Accelerated Stalls .................................................7-34 Crossed-Control Stalls ..........................................7-35 Operating Airspeeds .....................................................7-36 Minimum Sink Airspeed ..........................................7-36 Best Glide Airspeed..................................................7-37 Speed to Fly ..............................................................7-37 Chapter 8Abnormal and Emergency Procedures .............8-1 Introduction....................................................................8-1 Porpoising ......................................................................8-2 Pilot-Induced Oscillations (PIOs) ..............................8-2 PIOs During Launch ...................................................8-2 Factors Influencing PIOs ........................................8-2 Improper Elevator Trim Setting ..............................8-3 Improper Wing Flaps Setting ..................................8-3 Pilot-Induced Roll Oscillations During Launch .........8-3 Pilot-Induced Yaw Oscillations During Launch ........8-4 Gust-Induced Oscillations ..............................................8-5 Vertical Gusts During High-Speed Cruise .................8-5 Pilot-Induced Pitch Oscillations During Landing ......8-6 Glider-Induced Oscillations ...........................................8-6 Pitch Influence of the Glider Towhook Position ........8-6 Self-Launching Glider Oscillations During Powered Flight ...........................................................8-7 Nosewheel Glider Oscillations During Launchesand Landings ..............................................................8-7 Tailwheel/Tailskid Equipped Glider Oscillations During Launches and Landings ..................................8-8 Aerotow Abnormal and Emergency Procedures ............8-8 Abnormal Procedures .................................................8-8 Towing Failures........................................................8-10 Tow Failure With Runway To Land and Stop ......8-11 Tow Failure Without Runway To Land BelowReturning Altitude ................................................8-11 Tow Failure Above Return to Runway Altitude ...8-11 Tow Failure Above 800' AGL ..............................8-12 Tow Failure Above Traffic Pattern Altitude .........8-13 Slack Line .................................................................8-13 Ground Launch Abnormal and Emergency Procedures ....................................................................8-14 Abnormal Procedures ...............................................8-14 Emergency Procedures .............................................8-14 Self-Launch Takeoff Emergency Procedures ..............8-15 Emergency Procedures .............................................8-15 Spiral Dives ..................................................................8-15 Spins .............................................................................8-15 Entry Phase ...............................................................8-17 Incipient Phase .........................................................8-17 Developed Phase ......................................................8-17 Recovery Phase ........................................................8-17 Off-Field Landing Procedures .....................................8-18 Afterlanding Off Field .............................................8-20 Off-Field Landing Without Injury ........................8-20 Off-Field Landing With Injury .............................8-20 System and Equipment Malfunctions ..........................8-20 Flight Instrument Malfunctions ................................8-20 Airspeed Indicator Malfunctions ..........................8-21 Altimeter Malfunctions .........................................8-21 Variometer Malfunctions ......................................8-21 Compass Malfunctions .........................................8-21 Glider Canopy Malfunctions ....................................8-21 Broken Glider Canopy ..........................................8-22 Frosted Glider Canopy ..........................................8-22 Water Ballast Malfunctions ......................................8-22 Retractable Landing Gear Malfunctions ..................8-22 Primary Flight Control Systems ...............................8-22 Elevator Malfunctions ..........................................8-22 Aileron Malfunctions ............................................8-23 Rudder Malfunctions ............................................8-24 Secondary Flight Controls Systems .........................8-24 Elevator Trim Malfunctions .................................8-24 Spoiler/Dive Brake Malfunctions .........................8-24 Miscellaneous Flight System Malfunctions .................8-25 Towhook Malfunctions ............................................8-25 Oxygen System Malfunctions ..................................8-25 Drogue Chute Malfunctions .....................................8-25 Self-Launching Gliders ................................................8-26 Self-Launching/Sustainer Glider Engine Failure During Takeoff or Climb ..........................................8-26 Inability to Restart a Self-Launching/SustainerGlider Engine While Airborne .................................8-27 Self-Launching Glider Propeller Malfunctions ........8-27 Self-Launching Glider Electrical System Malfunctions .............................................................8-27 In-flight Fire .............................................................8-28 Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear ...................8-28 Survival Gear Checklists ..........................................8-28 Food and Water ........................................................8-28ixClothing ....................................................................8-28 Communication ........................................................8-29 Navigation Equipment ..............................................8-29 Medical Equipment ..................................................8-29 Stowage ....................................................................8-30 Parachute ..................................................................8-30 Oxygen System Malfunctions ..................................8-30 Accident Prevention .....................................................8-30 Chapter 9Soaring Weather ..................................................9-1 Introduction....................................................................9-1 The Atmosphere .............................................................9-2 Composition ...............................................................9-2 Properties ....................................................................9-2 Temperature............................................................9-2 Density ....................................................................9-2 Pressure ...................................................................9-2 Standard Atmosphere .................................................9-3 Layers of the Atmosphere ..........................................9-4 Scale of Weather Events ................................................9-4 Thermal Soaring Weather ..............................................9-6 Thermal Shape and Structure .....................................9-6 Atmospheric Stability .................................................9-7 Air Masses Conducive to Thermal Soaring ...................9-9 Cloud Streets ..............................................................9-9 Thermal Waves...........................................................9-9 Thunderstorms..........................................................9-10 Lifted Index ..........................................................9-12 K-Index .................................................................9-12 Weather for Slope Soaring .......................................9-14 Mechanism for Wave Formation ..............................9-16 Lift Due to Convergence ..........................................9-19 Obtaining Weather Information ...................................9-21 Preflight Weather Briefing........................................9-21 Weather-ReIated Information ..................................9-21 Interpreting Weather Charts, Reports, andForecasts ......................................................................9-23 Graphic Weather Charts ...........................................9-23 Winds and Temperatures Aloft Forecast ..............9-23 Composite Moisture Stability Chart .....................9-24 Chapter 10Soaring Techniques ..........................................10-1 Introduction..................................................................10-1 Thermal Soaring ...........................................................10-2 Locating Thermals ....................................................10-2 Cumulus Clouds ...................................................10-2 Other Indicators of Thermals ................................10-3 Wind .....................................................................10-4 The Big Picture .....................................................10-5Entering a Thermal ..............................................10-5 Inside a Thermal.......................................................10-6 Bank Angle ...........................................................10-6 Speed .....................................................................10-6 Centering ...............................................................10-7 Collision Avoidance ................................................10-9 Exiting a Thermal .....................................................10-9 Atypical Thermals ..................................................10-10 Ridge/Slope Soaring ..................................................10-10 Traps ......................................................................10-10 Procedures for Safe Flying .....................................10-12 Bowls and Spurs .....................................................10-13 Slope Lift ................................................................10-13 Obstructions ...........................................................10-14 Tips and Techniques ...............................................10-15 Wave Soaring .............................................................10-16 Preflight Preparation ...............................................10-17 Getting Into the Wave ............................................10-18 Flying in the Wave .................................................10-20 Soaring Convergence Zones ...................................10-23 Combined Sources of Updrafts ..............................10-24 Chapter 11Cross-Country Soaring .....................................11-1 Introduction..................................................................11-1 Flight Preparation and Planning ...................................11-2 Personal and Special Equipment ..................................11-3 Navigation ....................................................................11-5 Using the Plotter .......................................................11-5 A Sample Cross-Country Flight ...............................11-5 Navigation Using GPS .............................................11-8 Cross-Country Techniques ...........................................11-9 Soaring Faster and Farther .........................................11-11 Height Bands ..........................................................11-11 Tips and Techniques ...............................................11-12 Special Situations .......................................................11-14 Course Deviations ..................................................11-14 Lost Procedures ......................................................11-14 Cross-Country Flight in a Self-Launching Glider .....11-15 High-Performance Glider Operations and Considerations ............................................................11-16 Glider Complexity ..................................................11-16 Water Ballast ..........................................................11-17 Cross-Country Flight Using Other Lift Sources ........11-17 Chapter 12Towing ................................................................12-1 Introduction..................................................................12-1 Equipment Inspections and Operational Checks .........12-2 Tow Hook ................................................................12-2 Schweizer Tow Hook ...........................................12-2x。
仁爱版七年级英语下册Unit8 Topic2 测试卷
Unit 8 Topic 2测试卷Ⅰ. 词汇（10分）A) 根据句意及首字母提示完成句子。
（5分）1. Michel plans to t around the country and take pictures of the local people.2. The pupils should be p to the old people.3. Mr. Jack took some photos of his family with his new c .4. The summer h are coming. The students won’t have lessons.5. I want to c my birthday with my family.B) 根据汉语提示完成句子。
（5分）1. I am planning to travel to some (名胜).2. You mustn’t (指向) anything with your foot.3. I hope you all (玩得愉快).4. I hope to (聚会) with my old friends.5. Jane will (返回) Canada tomorrow.Ⅱ. 单项选择。
（15分）( ) 1. I you with us tomorrow.A. will hope; to goB. hope; can goC. will hope; go ( ) 2. of them takes many photos.A. AllB. EachC. They( ) 3. You look tired. You should to bed earlier.A. to goB. goC. went( ) 4. He would like in China.A. to stayB. stayingC. stays( ) 5. We plan the Great Wall.A. visitB. to visitC. visiting( ) 6. The customs of this country are different ours.A. toB. forC. from( ) 7. Be quick, or you’ll the train.A. catchB. missC. take( ) 8. —Have a good time on the trip, Jane.—A. You, too.B. That’s OK.C. Thank you.( ) 9. How much money do you per month?A. haveB. costC. earn( ) 10. —We are going to Cuba for our holiday.—It really cool.A. listensB. listenC. sounds( ) 11. —did you make your trip?—By train.A. WhyB. HowC. What( ) 12. —did you go to bed last night?—At 9:30.A. WhenB. What timeC. Where( ) 13. It’s going to rain. You’d better.A. take a raincoatB. to take a raincoatC. not take a raincoat( ) 14. She said she her father very much.A. missB. missedC. misses( ) 15. Jane is my good friend. She, of course, is me.A. friends toB. friendly toC. friend withⅢ. 从方框中选出恰当的句子完成对话。
外研版八年级英语上册 Module 3 Sports 单元测试卷(有答案)
外研八上Module 3 单元测试卷一、单项选择1. This is really a _____ movie and we are all ______ with it. A．boring；boring B．bored；boredC．boring；bored D．bored；boring2. —It's too cold today.Would you mind _______ the window?—Certainly not.Go ahead.A．to close B．closing C．close D．closed3．It isn't difficult ________．A. no allB. at allC. tooD. also4．A journey by train is ________ than by coach.A. more relaxingB. relaxingC. most relaxingD. the most relaxing5．—Has your sister finished reading ________？—Yes.She has ________ finished it.A. yet；yetB. yet；alreadyC. already；yet6.He lost the baseball match just now and felt sad. Let's _______ him________.A.cheer；ofB.cheer；inC.cheer；upD.cheer；for7. You'd better take the map with you____you won't get lost.A. as long asB. as soon asC. now thatD. so that 8．—I will go to the countryside to see my grandmother this afternoon,so I can't go swimming with you.—________A. It's my pleasure.B. Good.C. That's a pity.D. Sure, I am.9. The smile on my teacher's face showed that she was________with me.A. sadB. pleasedC. worriedD. angry10. —Who will you ask to help with the work, Lucy or Lily?—Lily.She is much ________．A．careful B．more careful C．most careful11.Liu Li is ______than the other students in my class.A．popular B．more popular C．the most popular12. Lucy wrote ________ than Lily did.A．much clearly B．much clearerC．much more careful D．much more carefully13.On snowy days，a driver must drive as________ as possible.A．fast B．slowly C．wisely D．carefully14. Lisa was still very weak when she left hospital. But after a week’s rest, she felt much _____and went back to school.A．good B．better C．bad D．worse15. We should use ________ plastic(塑料的) bags to protect the environment.A．fewer B．more C．some D．less二、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词。
diffmatchpatch包的说明说明书
Package‘diffmatchpatch’October13,2022Type PackageTitle String Diff,Match,and Patch UtilitiesVersion0.1.0Date2021-04-10Copyright Google Inc.,Neil Fraser,Mike Slemmer,Sergey Nozhenko,Christian Leutloff,Colin RundelDescription A wrapper for Google's'diff-match-patch'library.It provides basic tools for computing diffs,finding fuzzy matches,and constructing/applying patches to strings. Encoding UTF-8Imports cli,RcppLinkingTo RcppRoxygenNote7.1.1License Apache License(>=2)URL https:///rundel/diffmatchpatchBugReports https:///rundel/diffmatchpatch/issues NeedsCompilation yesAuthor Colin Rundel[aut,cre],Google Inc.[cph](diff_match_patch.h),Neil Fraser[cph](diff_match_patch.h),Mike Slemmer[cph](diff_match_patch.h),Sergey Nozhenko[cph](diff_match_patch.h),Christian Leutloff[cph](diff_match_patch.h)Maintainer Colin Rundel<****************>Repository CRANDate/Publication2021-04-1607:00:05UTC1R topics documented:diff_make (2)dmp_options (4)match_find (5)patch_make (6)Index8 diff_make Compute diffs between text stringsDescriptionThe following functions are used to construct or work with diff(s)between text strings.Specifically, diff_make()computes the character level differences between the source string(x)and destination string(y).These diffs can be made more human friendly via a secondary cleaning process via the cleanup argument.Once computed,diffs are represented using diff_df data frames,which consist of just two columns: text and op.Basic convenience functions for pretty printing of these are provided by the package.The following helper functions are provided:•print()-prints a diff using ANSI colors if available.•as.character()-converts a diff(using ANSI colors if available)to a character vector.•diff_levenshtein()calculates the Levenshtein distance of a diff.•diff_to_delta()converts a diff to a delta string.•diff_from_delta()creates a diff from a source string(x)and a delta string.•diff_to_html()converts a diff to pretty HTML string.•diff_to_patch()converts a diff to a patch string.•diff_text_source()recovers the source string from a diff.•diff_text_dest()recovers the destination string from a diff.Usagediff_make(x,y,cleanup="semantic",checklines=TRUE)diff_levenshtein(diff)diff_to_delta(diff)diff_from_delta(x,delta)diff_to_html(diff)diff_to_patch(diff)diff_text_source(diff)diff_text_dest(diff)Argumentsx The source stringy The destination stringcleanup Determines the cleanup method applied to the diffs.Allowed values include: semantic,lossless,efficiency,merge and none.See Details for the behav-ior of these methods.checklines Performanceflag-if FALSE,then don’t run a line-level difffirst to identify the changed areas.If TRUE,run a faster slightly less optimal diff.Default:TRUE.diff A diff_df data frame.delta A delta string.DetailsCleanup methods:•semantic-Reduce the number of edits by eliminating semantically trivial equalities.•semantic lossless-Look for single edits surrounded on both sides by equalities which canbe shifted sideways to align the edit to a word boundary.e.g:The c at c ame.->The**cat**came.•efficiency-Reduce the number of edits by eliminating operationally trivial equalities.•merge-Reorder and merge like edit sections.Merge equalities.Any edit section can moveas long as it doesn’t cross an equality.•none-Do not apply any cleanup methods to the diffs.Value•diff_make()returns a diff_df data frame containing the diffs.•diff_make()returns the Levenshtein distance as an integer.•diff_to_delta()returns an character string.•diff_from_delta()returns a diff_df data frame.•diff_to_html()returns a character string.•diff_to_patch()returns a character string.•diff_text_source()returns a character string.•diff_text_dest()returns a character string.4dmp_optionsExamples(d=diff_make("abcdef","abchij"))diff_levenshtein(d)diff_to_html(d)diff_text_source(d)diff_text_dest(d)diff_to_patch(d)(delta=diff_to_delta(d))diff_from_delta("abcdef",delta)dmp_options diffmatchpatch settingsDescriptionAllows for examining or setting options that affect the behavior of the diff,match,and patch related functions in this package.Usagedmp_options(...)Arguments...No arguments returns all current options and their values.Character values re-trieve a subset of options and the current values.Options can be set,using name=value.However,only the options named below are used.Options can also bepassed by giving a single unnamed argument which is a named list.DetailsAvailable options:•diff_timeout(float)-Number of seconds to map a diff before giving up(0for infinity).•diff_edit_cost(int)-Cost of an empty edit operation in terms of edit characters.•match_threshold(float)-At what point is no match declared(0.0=perfection,1.0=veryloose).•match_distance(int)-How far to search for a match(0=exact location,1000+=broadmatch).A match this many characters away from the expected location will add1.0to thescore(0.0is a perfect match).match_find5•patch_delete_threshold(float)-When deleting a large block of text(over~64characters),how close does the contents have to match the expected contents.(0.0=perfection,1.0=very loose).Note that Match_Threshold controls how closely the end points of a delete needto match.•patch_margin(int)-Chunk size for context length.•match_max_bits(int)-The number of bits in an int.ValueWhen getting options returns a named list of options and their current values,when setting options returns a named list of the previous value(s).Examplesdmp_options()dmp_options("diff_timeout")prev=dmp_options(diff_timeout=5)prevmatch_find Fuzzy matching of a text stringDescriptionLocate the best instance of pattern in the text near loc using the Bitap algorithm.Returns-1if no match found.Assumes R’s typical1-based indexing for loc and the returned value.This algorithm makes use of the match_distance and match_threshold options to determine the match.If these values are not set explicitly via the threshold and distance arguments-their value will use the currently set global option value.Candidate matches are scored based on:a)the number of spelling differences between the pattern and the text and b)the distance between the candidate match and the expected location.The match_distance option determines the relative importance of these two metrics.Usagematch_find(text,pattern,loc=1L,threshold=NULL,distance=NULL) Argumentstext The text to search.pattern The pattern to search for.loc The expected location of the pattern.threshold Threshold for determining a match(0-perfect match,1-very loose).distance Distance from expected location scaling for score penalty.ValueIndex of best match or-1for no match.Examplesx="Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,consectetur adipiscing elit,sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.Ut enim ad minim veniam,quis nostrudexercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur.Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident,sunt in culpa qui officia deseruntmollit anim id est laborum."match_find(x,"Loren Ibsen")match_find(x,"Loren Ibsen",threshold=0.1)match_find(x,"minimum")match_find(x,"minimum",threshold=0.4)patch_make Create and apply patches to a text stringDescriptionPatches are constructed via patch_make()and applied using patch_apply().Usagepatch_make(x,y)patch_apply(x,patch)Argumentsx The source stringy The destination stringpatch A string representation of the patch(es).Valuepatch_make()returns a string representation of the patch(es).•patch_apply()returns the patched version of the string x,the matches attribute contains logical values indicating which patches were successfully applied.Examples(p=patch_make("abcdef","abchij"))patch_apply("abcdef",p)patch_apply("abc",p)patch_apply("def",p)patch_apply("hij",p)Indexdiff(diff_make),2diff_from_delta(diff_make),2diff_levenshtein(diff_make),2diff_make,2diff_text_dest(diff_make),2diff_text_source(diff_make),2diff_to_delta(diff_make),2diff_to_html(diff_make),2diff_to_patch(diff_make),2dmp_options,4match(match_find),5match_find,5patch(patch_make),6patch_apply(patch_make),6patch_make,68。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
3rd Grammar Point 同位成分和插入语
• 插入语：表明说话人的态度、看法等，中断 了说话的连续思维过程；非句子必要成分， 用逗号、括弧、破折号等分开 • 副词，e.g. Tourism, frankly, may promote mutual understanding among nations. • 介词短语，e.g. It is, according to him, nothing worth talking home about. • 从句，e.g. Environment, as I see it, has a far-reaching influence on one’s personality.
3rd Grammar Point 同位成分和插入语
• 语义上有解释关系、冒号后内容 e.g. We have everything we need: manpower, capital, and raw materials. • 同位语从句 e.g. I had the feeling that Helen no longer loves Jack. • 常后接同位语从句的名词：hope, fact, news, problem, conclusion, rumor, agreement, belief, concept, idea, question, suggestion, thought, conviction, doubt, decision, assumption, evidence
CET-6 Reading
Week 8 2nd Assignment Recap: Matching 同位成分和插入语
2nd Assignment
• 买一本作业本，把第一次的作业1st assignment夹进去
• 在ftp 240 周哲-六级英语阅读 文件夹里下载 2nd Assignment.doc （3 passages）并打印出 来，把答案写在作业本内，下周上交并讲解
• 这几乎是1960年商科毕业生的16倍，从而证 实了人们的普遍假设，即MBA对那些想在将 来某一天开公司的青年男女来说非常关键。
Long & Difficult Sentences
• 5. Thus many in the industrial lands have a sense that their world of plenty is somehow hollowthat, misled by a consumerist culture, they have been fruitlessly attempting to satisfy what are essentially social, psychological and spiritual needs with material things.
Long & Difficult Sentences
• 1. The issue of whether life ever existed on the planet, and whether it persists to this day, has been highlighted by mounting evidence that the Red Planet once had abundant stable, liquid water and by the continuing controversy over suggestions that bacterial fossils rode to Earth on a meteorite（陨石） from Mars. • 由于越来越多的证据表明这个红色行星上曾经有稳定 而丰富的液态水，又因人们对落到地球上的火星细菌 化石陨石的说法一直有争论，所以火星上是否存在过 生命、是否延续至今的问题一直引人注目。
Long & Difficult Sentences
• 2. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities.
• 《振宇英语 六级阅读题库》信息匹配 Unit 4
3rd Grammar Point 同位成分和插入语
• 同位成分：句子中语义、功能相同且没有用 连接词连接的两个语法单位 • 名词后，名词、代词、数词可作同位语 e.g. They each had an apple. • 形容词 e.g. People, old and young, came out to greet the leader. • 列举的词组，such as, including, for example, particularly, namely, that is to say 引出 e.g. I like sports, especially swimming in summer.
• MBA是20世纪的产物，在纯学术学科如哲学 和文化占主导地位的绿树成荫的大学校园里， 它往往是低俗的商业铜臭和贪婪的标志。
Long & Difficult Sentences
• 4. This is nearly 16 times the number of business graduates in 1960, a testimony to the widespread assumption that the MBA is vital for young men and women who want to run companies some day.
RECAP: 信息匹配 解题步骤
• 速读标题、小标题（如有）、首尾两段，了 解主题 • 通读题目，标出定位线索词（专有名词、实 词、数字），归纳句子主题 • 扫读文章，划出段落中心句，标记与定位线 索词相关部分，匹配信息内容
• 较难定位的可根据文章内容调整关键词
RECAP: 信息匹配 解题技巧
• 1. 找准定位线索，提炼核心词 • 找出定位线索词，缩小范围 • 通过提炼核心词来归纳题目的主题，与文中 信息进行匹配
3rd Grammar Point 同位成分和插入语
• 同位语从句与定语从句 • 1. 与先行词关系不同：同位语从句与先行词同位或等同； 定语从句修饰先行词 • 2. 同位语从句引导词起引导作用，不代替先行词在从句 中作句子成分；定语从句中关系词代替先行词在从句中 作句子成分 e.g. • The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody. • The fact that you are talking about is important.
• 于是，工业国家的许多人感觉到他们富足的世界 不知何故变空了——由于受到消费中心主义文化 的误导，他们试图满足社会的、心理的和精神上 的对物质的本质需求，但毫无成果。
THANK YOU!
• 同小城市居民相比，大城市居民也没有更可 能表现压力或疏远（即无归属感）的心理症 状。
பைடு நூலகம்
Long & Difficult Sentences
• 3. The MBA, a 20th-century product, always has borne the mark of lowly commerce and greed (贪婪) on the tree-lined campuses ruled by purer disciplines such as philosophy and literature.
RECAP: 信息匹配 解题技巧
• 2. 根据段落主题缩小查找范围 • 匹配题目句子核心主题一致的段落，缩小定 位范围
RECAP: 信息匹配 解题技巧
• 3. 利用“同义替换”原则 • 基本定位后，根据“同义替换”核对匹配情 况
• 同义/近义/反义词（组）、同根词、句式、语 态 etc.
Exercises