Chapter-1 Introduction

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Chapter1-Introduction

Chapter1-Introduction
Requires reflection and synthesis Difficult to structure, capture Often tacit


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信息和知识隐藏在数据中



商务智能要求有一个坚固、可靠的大型数据库作后盾,建立这样一个数据库的任 务是极其艰巨的。数据的质量问题也是令人头疼而又不可以掉以轻心的。 虽然数据是宝贵的财富,然而许多公司并不能充分利用这种财富,因为信息隐藏 在数据中,并不易识别。 为了在竞争中占得优势地位,必须识别和应用隐藏在所收集的数据中的信息。
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信息流畅通了还需要?
商务智能BI(business intelligence)
SCM
供应链 管理
ERP
企业资源规划系统
B2B、B2C
CRM
数据
Internet等基础设施
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新一代决策支持系统
交易处 理系统 DSS 资料库 外部资料
DSS软件系统模式 OLAP工具 资料挖掘工具 使用者界面



目标市场 资金分配 贸易选择 在哪儿做广告 销售的地理位置
数据爆炸,知识贫乏
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Do You Trust Your Information?

Up to 75% have made business decisions that later turned out to be wrong due to flawed data
2
概念解析


何谓智能?企业有智能吗? 智能的表现
信息共享和企业信息集成 知识挖掘与管理

Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 1 Introduction

Anthropological linguistics(人文语言学) uses the theories and methods of anthropology to study language variation and language use in relation to the cultural patterns and beliefs of man.
to be and describing how things are
Prescriptive: the early study of language aims to lay down
rules for correct and standard behavior in using languages, such as grammars, to set models for language users to follow. Descriptive: the study of language aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, be it correct or not; modern linguistic study is supposed to be scientific and objective, they believe that whatever occurs in language people use should be described and analyzed in their investigation.
Phonetics(语音学) is the branch of linguistics which studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription. Phonology(音韵学) is the branch of linguistics which studies the sound patterns of languages. Morphology(词法) is the branch of linguistics which studies the formation of words. Syntax(句法) is the branch of linguistics which studies the rules governing the combination of words into sentences. Semantics(语义学) is the branch of linguistics which studies the meaning of language.

新编简明英语语言学教程chapter 1 Introduction

新编简明英语语言学教程chapter 1 Introduction

Example:

男生做完头发:

甲:呀,剃头了? 乙:呵呵,剃了。 甲:真“瓜”。 乙:滚!
1.1.2 The Scope of Linguistics



Phonetics Phonology Morphology Syntax Semantics Pragmatics
语音学 音系学 词汇学 句法学 语义学 语音学
Writing: later developed

Langue vs. Parole (Saussure)

Langue: the abstract linguistic system shared by all members of the speech community.
Parole: the realization of langue in actual use.

Example:

甲:就是呀,我觉得她长得多漂亮呀!特别像ⅹⅹⅹ。 乙:哦,对了。听说ⅹⅹⅹ拍了一部新电视剧,你看 了吗? 甲:我也听说了,不过一直没找到什么地方能下载呀。 怎么?你下了? 乙:没有,不过男朋友给我带来了。 甲:你看看,你男朋友对你多好。我男朋友能有他一 半就好了。 乙:你男朋友也不错的,那次你感冒了看把他忙的! 甲:什么呀!我感冒还不是因为他!要不是陪他去买 电影票能感冒吗?乙:哦,那次你们看的什么电影? 甲:是ⅹⅹⅹ,没意思。不过主演ⅹⅹ还是很帅的。 乙:ⅹⅹ?哦,就是演ⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹ的那个吧! 甲:就是了,他其实演技一般,就是那双眼睛特别迷 人。
(2) Class attendance and participation 30%
Chapter One Introduction

(完整word版)新编语言学教程刘润清版1,2章复习大纲

(完整word版)新编语言学教程刘润清版1,2章复习大纲

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTIONDefinition : linguistics can be defined as the scientific or systematic study of language 。

It isalways guided by thethree cannons of science :exhaustiveness, consistency and economy.LinguisticsLinguistics versus traditional grammar :Scope Microlinguistics Phonetics Phonology Morphology Syntax Semantics PragmaticsMacrolinguistics Sociolinguistics Psycholinguistics Neurolinguistics StylisticsDiscourse analysis Computational linguistics Cognitive linguisticsDefinition:Ding-Dong Theory: human speech developed from primitive man giving vocal expression to theobjects he encountered.Sing-Song Theory: language developed from primitive ritual songs of praise 。

Pooh-Pooh Theory : language came from interjections , which express he speaker ’semotions 。

Origins Yo-He —Ho Theory: language came from the cries uttered , during strain of work.Ta —Ta Theory : language came from the combination of certain gestures and tonguesmovements.Bow —Wow Theory : language came from imitation of animal cries and other sounds heard inLinguistics describes languages and does not lay down rules of correctness while traditional grammar emphasizes correctness 。

最全医学微生物学(全英文)Ch0 Introduction-1

最全医学微生物学(全英文)Ch0 Introduction-1

• Industrial Microbiology
Food industry Metallurgy (extract copper from low-grade copper sulfide ores) antibiotics and human proteins
• Agricultural Microbiology
Bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa and some algae are all in this category
General properties of Microbes: 1. tiny in size (μm or nm) 2. simple in structure 3. fast rate in multiplication 4. active in metabolism 5. easy in variation 6. widely distributed
Chapter 1 Introduction
Microbiology
Microbiology is the biology of microorganisms.
It is a bioscience for the study of the evolution, classification, morphology, physiology, genetics of microbes under certain conditions; The law of their life activities, and their interaction with human being, animals or plants as well as with naturaMicrobes

Chapter 1 Introduction 绪论(现代语言学).

Chapter 1 Introduction 绪论(现代语言学).

Chapter 1 Introduction 绪论1. What is linguistics? 什么是语言学?1.1 definition 定义Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.语言学是对语言进行科学研究的学科。

Languages in general 针对所有语言而言A scientific study of language is based on the systematic investigation of data, conducted with reference to some general theory of language structure.语言进行科学地研究最根本的是要对语言材料进行系统的调查研究,并在语言结构的一般理论指导下进行。

The linguist has to do first is to study language facts, i.e. to see how language is actually used; then he formulates some hypotheses about the language structure.语言学家首先必须研究语言材料,即要观察一般情况下语言的使用方法,继而对语言的结构具体地提出一些假设。

A linguistic theory is constructed about what language is and how it works.一套语言学理论是说明语言的本质内容以及这些语言是如何发挥作用的。

1.2 The scope of linguistics 语言学的研究范畴The study of language as a whole is often called general linguistics. This deals with the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and methods applicable in any linguistic study.把语言学作为一个整体而进行的全面的语言学研究一般称为普通语言学。

Chapter 1 -- Introduction to Sociology

Chapter 1 -- Introduction to Sociology
Baudrillard, Jameson, Lyotard Life is the chocolates
Auguste Comte -- French Emile Durkheim – French* Max Weber – German* Karl Marx – German* Talcott Parsons - American

Developed comparative typologies of
societies
▪ Mechanical and Organic
MECHANICAL ARITY
Low division of Labor
Roles were specific Tight knit groups Large primary groups Occupations were

Sociological Imagination
Understanding large scale changes and
individual behavior The structural links between social change and individual behavior The ability to see the larger picture

Capitalism Owners now exploit workers for profit Private ownership of property is the key component Work for the self has disappeared False consciousness is dominant Alienation ▪ Destruction of social relationships ▪ Self, Product, Peers, Process

Chapter 1 Introduction-文档资料

Chapter 1 Introduction-文档资料

The uncle responded to his nephew in a letter dated February 6, 1875 in which he told his nephew that he would fulfill his promise. Story I also stated that he would prefer to wait until his nephew was older before actually handing over the (then) extremely large sum of money (according to an online inflation calculator, $5000 in 1890 would be worth approximately $118,000). The elder Story also declared in his letter that the money owed to his nephew would accrue interest while he held it on his nephew's behalf. The younger Story consented to his uncle's wishes and agreed that the money would remain with his uncle until Story II became older.
William E. Story I died on January 29, 1887 without having transferred any of the money owed to his nephew. Story II had meanwhile transferred the $5,000 financial interest to his wife; Story II's wife had later transferred this financial interest to Louisa Hamer on assignment. The elder Story's estate executor refused to grant Hamer the money, believing there was no binding contract due to a lack of consideration. As a result, Hamer sued the estate's executor, Franklin Sidway.
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October 12
9
1.1 Facilities Planning Defined
The facilities we plan must help an organization achieve supply chain excellence. Supply chain excellence Business as usual Link excellence Visibility Collaboration Synthesis And velocity
Part Two Developing alternatives: concepts and techniques
Chapter 5 Material handling Chapter 6 Layout planning models and design algorithms
Part Three Facility design for various facilities functions
Chapter 7 Warehouse operations Chapter 8 Manufacturing systems Chapter 9 Facilities systems
Part Four Developing alternatives: quantitative approaches
Chapter 10 Quantitative facilities planning models
October 12 12
1.1 Facilities Planning Defined
Visibility Supply chain excellence requires everyone along the supply chain to work together. Everyone in the supply chain cannot work together, however, if they cannot see one another. Visibility, the third level of supply chain excellence, brings to light all links in the supply chain. It minimizes supply chain surprises because it provides the information links needed to understand the ongoing status. It could be considered the first real step toward supply chain excellence. Through visibility, organizations come to understand their roles in a supply chain and are aware of the other links.
October 12 3
CONTENTS
Part One Defining requirements
Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Product, process, and schedule design Chapter 3 Flow systems, activities relationships, and space requirements Chapter 4 Personnel requiremen Introduction
Facilities planning has taken on a whole new meaning in the past 10 years. In the past, to be a science In today’s competitive global marketplace, is a strategy. Governments, educational institutions, and businesses no longer compete against one another individually. These entities now align themselves into cooperatives, organizations, associations, and ultimately synthesized supply chains, to remain competitive by bringing the customer into process.
Authors: James A. Tompkins (PhD, CEO and Founder of Tompkins Associates) John A. White (PhD, Chancellor Emeritus and Distinguished Professor of Industrial Engineering, University of Arkansas; Former Dean of Engineering at Georgia Tech. ) Yavuz A. Bozer (PhD, Professor, Industrial and Operations Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. ) Jose M. Tanchoco PhD, Professor, School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana. ©2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
October 12 6
Chapter 1 Introduction
The subject of facilities planning has been a popular topic for many years. In spite of its long heritage, it is one of the most popular subjects of current publications, conferences, and research. In this text, we employ a practical approaches to facilities planning, taking advantage of empirical and analytical approaches using both traditional and contemporary concepts.
October 12 11
1.1 Facilities Planning Defined
Link excellence To achieve link excellence, companies must tear down the internal boundaries until the entire organization functions as one. Companies usually have numerous departments and facilities, including plants, warehouses, and distribution centers (DCs). If an organization hopes to pursue supply chain excellence, it must look within itself, eliminate and blur any boundaries between departments and facilities, and begin a never-ending journey of continuous improvement. It must have strategic and tactical initiatives at the department, plant, and link levels for design and systems.
Part Five Evaluating, selecting, preparing, presenting, implementing, and maintaining
Chapter 11 Evaluating and selecting the facilities plan October 12 12 Preparing, presenting, implementing, and maintaining the facilities plan 4 Chapter
October 12
10
1.1 Facilities Planning Defined
Business as usual the normal execution of operations within an organization. Business as usual is when a company works hard to maximize the individual functions of the supply chain (buy-make-movestore-sell). The goal of individual departments, such as finance, marketing, sales, purchasing, information technology, research and development, manufacturing, distribution, and human resources, is to be the best department in the company. Organizational effectiveness is not the emphasis. Each organizational element attempts to function well within its individual silo.
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