一个牛人写的文章(关于RTL级设计)

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关于网络设计的英语作文

关于网络设计的英语作文

关于网络设计的英语作文Title: The Essence of Effective Web Design。

In the digital age, web design plays a pivotal role in shaping the online presence of businesses and individuals alike. A well-designed website not only attracts visitors but also engages them, leading to enhanced user experience and achieving the desired objectives. To delve into the nuances of effective web design, it's imperative to explore key principles and elements that contribute to its success.First and foremost, usability stands as the cornerstone of web design. A user-centric approach ensures that the website is intuitive and easy to navigate, regardless of the device or platform used. This entails clear navigation menus, logical page hierarchy, and responsive design to adapt seamlessly to various screen sizes. By prioritizing usability, designers create an environment where visitors can effortlessly find what they're looking for, fostering a positive interaction with the website.Moreover, the visual appeal of a website greatly influences its effectiveness. A harmonious blend of aesthetics and functionality is essential to captivateusers' attention and convey the intended messageeffectively. This involves thoughtful selection of colors, typography, imagery, and whitespace to create a visually appealing layout that aligns with the brand identity and resonates with the target audience. Consistency in design elements across the website promotes brand recognition and reinforces trust among users.In addition to aesthetics, accessibility is a fundamental aspect of web design that cannot be overlooked. Designing with accessibility in mind ensures that all users, including those with disabilities, can perceive, understand, navigate, and interact with the website effectively. This encompasses factors such as providing alternative text for images, ensuring keyboard navigation, implementing proper contrast ratios for readability, and adhering to web accessibility standards such as WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines). By prioritizing accessibility,designers not only demonstrate inclusivity but also expand the reach of the website to a wider audience.Furthermore, the performance of a website plays acrucial role in user satisfaction and engagement. Intoday's fast-paced digital landscape, users expect websites to load quickly and perform seamlessly across different devices and network conditions. Optimizing performance involves various techniques such as minimizing file sizes, leveraging browser caching, and employing content delivery networks (CDNs) to deliver assets efficiently. Byprioritizing performance optimization, designers ensurethat visitors have a smooth and uninterrupted browsing experience, reducing bounce rates and increasing conversions.Another key aspect of effective web design is content strategy. Compelling and relevant content not only attracts visitors but also keeps them engaged and encourages them to explore further. A well-defined content strategy involves identifying the target audience, understanding their needs and preferences, and delivering content that is informative,engaging, and valuable. This includes creating compelling headlines, concise and scannable copy, multimedia elements such as videos and infographics, and clear calls-to-action to guide users through the desired actions.Additionally, mobile responsiveness is imperative in today's mobile-first world. With the increasing use of smartphones and tablets, websites must be optimized for mobile devices to provide a seamless browsing experience. This entails designing with a mobile-first approach, prioritizing mobile-friendly layouts, optimizing images and multimedia for smaller screens, and ensuring that all interactive elements are touch-friendly. By embracing mobile responsiveness, designers cater to the growing number of mobile users and enhance the overallaccessibility and usability of the website.In conclusion, effective web design is a multifaceted endeavor that encompasses usability, visual appeal, accessibility, performance, content strategy, and mobile responsiveness. By adhering to these key principles and elements, designers can create websites that not onlyattract and engage visitors but also achieve the desired objectives of the business or individual. In a constantly evolving digital landscape, staying abreast of emerging trends and technologies is essential to continuously enhance the effectiveness of web design and stay ahead of the competition.。

一个技术牛人的电子人生 超震撼!

一个技术牛人的电子人生 超震撼!

第一次做电路板是读高中的时候,从每周20块钱的生活费里省下一半来买元器件和材料。

那样纠结着做出了自己的第一块电路板。

敷铜板,透明胶带,三氯化铁,松香,焊条,现在想来还带着那么一种让人难以释怀的亲热劲儿。

原理一知半解的,照着书上的原理图在敷铜板上画出线,然后用透明胶带裁成细条粘到需要保留的部分,再放到三氯化铁溶液里腐蚀。

一晚上起来看好几次,翻翻搅搅,最后一次醒来发现漂亮的小板已经腐蚀好了。

然后焊接调试……可惜第一次以失败告终,板子没有调试成功。

现在已经回忆不起当时的感受了,不过,肯定是十分美妙的,即便没有成功,也有了很多欣喜!最重要的是,我从此迈出了自己的第一步。

虽然摔倒了,但也从此开始体会到更多的快乐。

遗憾的是现在已经找不到那块对我来说意义非凡的板子了,不过,它留给我一串的美好回忆。

那一年,就是我的电子元年。

进了大学就像放归了草原的饿羊,看见绿的就想啃,抱本书就舍不得放。

专业的书看起来没够,扎在图书馆就懒得出来(我们学校一般,不过,图书馆藏书还是着实不错的)……可是,因为没有基础,学的又没有条理,所以学起来很费劲。

还好,我有世界上最强大的导师——兴趣。

虽然高中的时候做了第一块电路板,但实际对电子知识还是很懵懂。

大一是我开化的一年。

这一年在系里的电子科协做了不少电子制作:电子感应查线器,早上太阳出来会叫的鸟,循环闪烁的灯,手触延时的开关……都是一些比较简单的小制作。

大一在电子科协做义务维修的过程中翻阅了不少模拟电路相关的书籍和资料,知识和动手能力得到了很大的提升。

大二的时候啃书为主:数电,模电,单片机,DSP,X86,VHDL……见什么啃什么,虽然啃不出味,但也能充饥。

当时就通过这样硬填的方式杂七杂八的学了一堆东西。

不过,也算因祸得福,正因为当时那样没有条理的乱学东西,所以了解的知识面比较宽,填的也还算扎实。

内功扎实了,再学套路就比较快了。

大二的时候做了声音采集板,音调调理板。

当时还做了一块DSP板,使用的主芯片是TMS320C5402。

梦想芯片设计师的作文

梦想芯片设计师的作文

梦想芯片设计师的作文英文回答:The symphony of transistors orchestrating complex computations, the intricate tapestry of circuits weaving the fabric of digital realities these are the elements that ignite my passion for chip design. As a child, I marveled at the sleek gadgets that connected me to the world, unaware of the intricate technological wonders within. It was not until high school, when I delved into computer science, that I stumbled upon the enigmatic realm of integrated circuits.The ability to manipulate raw silicon into computational powerhouses captivated me. I devoured books and online resources, eager to unravel the mysteries of MOSFETs, interconnects, and floorplanning. The challenge of optimizing performance while adhering to stringent constraints ignited a fire within me. As I progressed through university, I immersed myself in the intricacies ofVLSI design, exploring the frontiers of nanotechnology and embedded systems.Beyond the technical prowess, chip design for me embodies the spirit of innovation and progress. It is an arena where human ingenuity meets technological advancement, shaping the very infrastructure of our digital society. The prospect of contributing to the next generation of chipsthat will power self-driving cars, artificial intelligence, and space exploration fills me with both excitement and a profound sense of responsibility.I envision myself as a maestro of microcosms, orchestrating the dance of billions of transistors tocreate symphony of computational power. I aspire to pushthe boundaries of technology, exploring unchartedterritories in the realm of chip design. My ultimate dreamis to leave an indelible mark on the world through thechips I create, chips that will empower humanity to solve complex challenges, unlock new frontiers, and redefine the very limits of human potential.中文回答:梦想成为芯片设计师的作文。

关于牛人叔叔的作文400字写一个人的

关于牛人叔叔的作文400字写一个人的

关于牛人叔叔的作文400字写一个人的
哇!我要说说我的牛人叔叔,他真的是好厉害呀!
我的叔叔个子高高的,笑起来眼睛会弯成月牙儿,超级帅气!他超级会讲故事,每次他来我家,我都缠着他给我讲故事。

叔叔的故事里有大恐龙、会飞的鱼,还有勇敢的骑士,每次听我都觉得好像在梦里一样。

但是,叔叔最牛的地方不是讲故事哦!他是一名超级厉害的工程师!爸爸说他设计的大桥能跨过宽宽的大河,让人们不再需要绕很远的路。

每次听到这里,我都觉得叔叔像超人一样厉害!
叔叔还很有爱心哦!他会带很多好玩的东西给我,还会教我画画和做手工。

他说,这些都是他的宝贝,要和我分享。

我觉得叔叔的宝贝一定很多很多,因为他总是笑眯眯的,好像有很多很多开心的事情。

虽然叔叔工作很忙,但是他每次来都会陪我玩很久很久。

我希望我长大以后也能像叔叔一样,做一个有爱心、会讲故事、还很厉害的工程师!
叔叔,你真的是我的牛人叔叔!我爱你!。

项目设计实验(RTL设计)

项目设计实验(RTL设计)
Frame#: Indicate Address/Data Phase, End of Transfer IRDY#: Initiator Ready TRDY#: Target Ready Stop#: Used by Target to cancel/suspend a transfer Lock#: For Initiator to get exlusive access to a Target DEVSEL#: Target indication that it was selected IDSEL: Unique for each slot, indicates Configuration Cycle PCI Initiator Arbitration Sigifications
Bus Master: “PCI Initiator”, Bus Slave: “PCI Target” Burst Data Phases continue until Initiator deasserts ‘Frame#’ 64MHz, 64 bit Versions available Supports 5V and 3.3V operation Bus Signal Integrity guaranteed with special PCI-IO pads (slew limited) Only 4 Slots allowed, Extensions only with PCI-toPCI Bridge
Project文件:IP软核
Ram:软核中的存储器 的仿真模型 Rtl:pci软核的rtl级设计 Testbench:pci软核的 仿真用激励文件
项目设计相关文档
主要内容参考我的PPT TE原来的PPT文档 TE说明文档 TE相关IP的说明文档 相关接口协议的说明文档,例如PCI

第六章RTL编写

第六章RTL编写

RTL Coding Style
• Why Coding Style?


Making the code more readable, reusable, maintainable Assuring compatibility with most synthesis tools. Bad coding styles can cause mismatches between RTL and gate-level simulations
History of Verilog
• 1981 Gateway Design Automation
released GHDL • 1983 Gateway released Verilog HDL • 1985 Gateway released enhanced simulator Verilog-XL • 1989 Cadence bought Gateway • 1990 Cadence released Verilog to public • 1995 Reviewed and adopted as IEEE standard 1364
RTL Designed for Test
• Synchronous design style? • All flip-flops using the same edge of the clock throughout chip? • Any synchronous or transparent latches in the design? • Any internally generated test mode signals? • Any power on reset type of test mode activation? • Any combinational feedback loops in design? • Any self timed logic in the design? • Any data used as clocks?

我想当芯片设计师作文

我想当芯片设计师作文

我想当芯片设计师作文Becoming a chip designer is a great career choice because of the increasing demand for designing advanced and efficient electronic devices. 作为芯片设计师是一个很好的职业选择,因为对设计先进和高效电子设备的需求日益增加。

Chip design is a captivating field that requires a strong foundation in mathematics, physics, and electrical engineering. 芯片设计是一个迷人的领域,需要扎实的数学、物理和电子工程基础。

With the rapid advancement of technology, the need for new and innovative chips is growing exponentially. 随着技术的迅速发展,对新型创新芯片的需求呈指数级增长。

As a chip designer, you have the opportunity to make a meaningful impact on the world by creating electronic solutions that improve people's lives. 作为一名芯片设计师,你将有机会通过创造改善人们生活的电子解决方案,对世界产生有意义的影响。

The creativity and problem-solving skills required in chip design make it a rewarding and engaging career path. 芯片设计需要创造力和解决问题的技能,这使得它成为一个有意义而吸引人的职业道路。

明确的RTL级结构设计(数据流

明确的RTL级结构设计(数据流
FSM Partition Objective: High performance Method: Cascade partition Master-Slave Partition
Partitioning for Synthesis
Input Control Signals Clk Signals Control Path (FSM) Control Signals Output
Model Recommendations
a c b d + sel sel + 1 0 out a 1 b 0 + c 1 d 0 out
Partitioning for Synthesis
Objective Better Synthesis Results Faster Compile Runtimes Ability to Use Simple Strategy to meet Timing Constraints Optimal Design
Modeling Recommendations
如何保证HDL代码模拟的正确性? 对时序逻辑电路,受同一时钟控制的时序 块,最好置于同一个描述块中;
always @(posedge clk) y1=a; clk a b y1 y2 clk a b y1 y2
always @(posedge clk) if (y1==1’b1) y2=b; else y2=1’b0;
Partitioning for Synthesis
Guidelines
Register all output signals of the module
Separate modules that have different design goals Complete combinational logic paths in a single module, and specially avoid glue logic Considering resource sharing
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一个牛人写的文章(关于RTL级设计)规范很重要工作过的朋友肯定知道,公司里是很强调规范的,特别是对于大的设计(无论软件还是硬件),不按照规范走几乎是不可实现的。

逻辑设计也是这样:如果不按规范做的话,过一个月后调试时发现有错,回头再看自己写的代码,估计很多信号功能都忘了,更不要说检错了;如果一个项目做了一半一个人走了,接班的估计得从头开始设计;如果需要在原来的版本基础上增加新功能,很可能也得从头来过,很难做到设计的可重用性。

在逻辑方面,我觉得比较重要的规范有这些:1.设计必须文档化。

要将设计思路,详细实现等写入文档,然后经过严格评审通过后才能进行下一步的工作。

这样做乍看起来很花时间,但是从整个项目过程来看,绝对要比一上来就写代码要节约时间,且这种做法可以使项目处于可控、可实现的状态。

2.代码规范。

a.设计要参数化。

比如一开始的设计时钟周期是30ns,复位周期是5个时钟周期,我们可以这么写:parameter CLK_PERIOD = 30;parameter RST_MUL_TIME = 5;parameter RST_TIME = RST_MUL_TIME * CLK_PERIOD;...rst_n = 1'b0;# RST_TIME rst_n = 1'b1;...# CLK_PERIOD/2 clk <= ~clk;如果在另一个设计中的时钟是40ns,复位周期不变,我们只需对CLK_PERIOD进行重新例化就行了,从而使得代码更加易于重用。

b.信号命名要规范化。

1) 信号名一律小写,参数用大写。

2) 对于低电平有效的信号结尾要用_n标记,如rst_n。

3) 端口信号排列要统一,一个信号只占一行,最好按输入输出及从哪个模块来到哪个模块去的关系排列,这样在后期仿真验证找错时后方便很多。

如:module a(//inputclk,rst_n, //globle signalwren,rden,avalon_din, //related to avalon bussdi, //related to serial port input//outputdata_ready,avalon_dout, //related to avalon bus...);4) 一个模块尽量只用一个时钟,这里的一个模块是指一个module或者是一个en tity。

在多时钟域的设计中涉及到跨时钟域的设计中最好有专门一个模块做时钟域的隔离。

这样做可以让综合器综合出更优的结果。

5) 尽量在底层模块上做逻辑,在高层尽量做例化,顶层模块只能做例化,禁止出现任何胶连逻辑(glue logic),哪怕仅仅是对某个信号取反。

理由同上。

6) 在FPGA的设计上禁止用纯组合逻辑产生latch,带D触发器的latch的是允许的,比如配置寄存器就是这种类型。

7) 一般来说,进入FPGA的信号必须先同步,以提高系统工作频率(板级)。

所有模块的输出都要寄存器化,以提高工作频率,这对设计做到时序收敛也是极有好处的。

9) 除非是低功耗设计,不然不要用门控时钟--这会增加设计的不稳定性,在要用到门控时钟的地方,也要将门控信号用时钟的下降沿打一拍再输出与时钟相与。

clk_gate_en -------- ---------------------|D Q |------------------| \ gate_clk_out| | ---------| )---------------o|> | | | /clk | -------- | ----------------------------------------10)禁止用计数器分频后的信号做其它模块的时钟,而要用改成时钟使能的方式,否则这种时钟满天飞的方式对设计的可靠性极为不利,也大大增加了静态时序分析的复杂性。

如FPGA的输入时钟是25M的,现在系统内部要通过RS232与PC通信,要以rs232_ 1xclk的速率发送数据。

不要这样做:always (posedge rs232_1xclk or negedge rst_n)begin...end而要这样做:always (posedge clk_25m or negedge rst_n)begin...else if ( rs232_1xclk == 1'b1 )...end11)状态机要写成3段式的(这是最标准的写法),即...always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)...current_state <= next_state;...always @ (current_state ...)...case(current_state)...s1:if ...next_state = s2;......always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)...elsea <= 1'b0;c <= 1'b0;c <= 1'b0; //赋默认值case(current_state)s1:a <= 1'b0; //由于上面赋了默认值,这里就不用再对b 、c赋值了(b、c在该状态为0,不会产生锁存器,下同)s2:b <= 1'b1;s3:c <= 1'b1;default:......3.ALTERA参考设计准则1) Ensure Clock, Preset, and Clear configurations are free of glitch es.2) Never use Clocks consisting of more than one level of combinatori al logic.3) Carefully calculate setup times and hold times for multi-Clock sy stems.4) Synchronize signals between flipflops in multi-Clock systems when the setup and hold time requirements cannot be met.5) Ensure that Preset and Clear signals do not contain race conditio ns.6) Ensure that no other internal race conditions exist.7) Register all glitch-sensitive outputs.Synchronize all asynchronous inputs.9) Never rely on delay chains for pin-to-pin or internal delays.10)Do not rely on Power-On Reset. Use a master Reset pin to clear all flipflops.11)Remove any stuck states from state machines or synchronous logic.其它方面的规范一时没有想到,想到了再写,也欢迎大家补充。

================================================================================ ====时序是设计出来的我的boss有在华为及峻龙工作的背景,自然就给我们讲了一些华为及altera做逻辑的一些东西,而我们的项目规范,也基本上是按华为的那一套去做。

在工作这几个月中,给我感触最深的是华为的那句话:时序是设计出来的,不是仿出来的,更不是湊出来的。

在我们公司,每一个项目都有很严格的评审,只有评审通过了,才能做下一步的工作。

以做逻辑为例,并不是一上来就开始写代码,而是要先写总体设计方案和逻辑详细设计方案,要等这些方案评审通过,认为可行了,才能进行编码,一般来说这部分工作所占的时间要远大于编码的时间。

总体方案主要是涉及模块划分,一级模块和二级模块的接口信号和时序(我们要求把接口信号的时序波形描述出来)以及将来如何测试设计。

在这一级方案中,要保证在今后的设计中时序要收敛到一级模块(最后是在二级模块中)。

什么意思呢?我们在做详细设计的时候,对于一些信号的时序肯定会做一些调整的,但是这种时序的调整最多只能波及到本一级模块,而不能影响到整个设计。

记得以前在学校做设计的时候,由于不懂得设计时序,经常因为有一处信号的时序不满足,结果不得不将其它模块信号的时序也改一下,搞得人很郁闷。

在逻辑详细设计方案这一级的时候,我们已经将各级模块的接口时序都设计出来了,各级模块内部是怎么实现的也基本上确定下来了。

由于做到这一点,在编码的时候自然就很快了,最重要的是这样做后可以让设计会一直处于可控的状态,不会因为某一处的错误引起整个设计从头进行。

版权所有,未经作者允许,禁止用于商业性质的转载;如对此文有疑问或想给作者提建议请给作者发email:wangdian@EDA论坛版权所有,严禁拷贝!转载请联系bbs@================================================================================ =============如何提高电路工作频率对于设计者来说,我们当然希望我们设计的电路的工作频率(在这里如无特别说明,工作频率指FPGA片内的工作频率)尽量高。

我们也经常听说用资源换速度,用流水的方式可以提高工作频率,这确实是一个很重要的方法,今天我想进一步去分析该如何提高电路的工作频率。

我们先来分析下是什么影响了电路的工作频率。

我们电路的工作频率主要与寄存器到寄存器之间的信号传播时延及clock skew有关。

在FPGA内部如果时钟走长线的话,clock skew很小,基本上可以忽略, 在这里为了简单起见,我们只考虑信号的传播时延的因素。

信号的传播时延包括寄存器的开关时延、走线时延、经过组合逻辑的时延(这样划分或许不是很准确,不过对分析问题来说应该是没有可以的),要提高电路的工作频率,我们就要在这三个时延中做文章,使其尽可能的小。

我们先来看开关时延,这个时延是由器件物理特性决定的,我们没有办法去改变,所以我们只能通过改变走线方式和减少组合逻辑的方法来提高工作频率。

1.通过改变走线的方式减少时延。

以altera的器件为例,我们在quartus里面的timing closure floorplan可以看到有很多条条块块,我们可以将条条块块按行和按列分,每一个条块代表1个LAB,每个LAB里有8个或者是10个LE。

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