广东省普宁市华美学校2019-2020学年高一上学期第二次月考(12月)物理试题 Word版含答案
广东省普宁市华美实验学校2019-2020学年高一上学期第一次月考物理试题 Word版含答案
华美实验2019-2020学年度上学期第一次月考高一物理试卷一、单选题(每小题3分，共18分)1.以下说法正确的是( )A．只有很小的物体才能视为质点，很大的物体不能视为质点B．若以河岸为参考系，在顺水漂流的船上行走的人可能是静止的C．做直线运动的物体，其位移大小跟这段时间内它通过的路程一定相等D．一节课40分钟，40分钟指的是下课的时刻2.小明家驾车去旅游，行驶到某处见到如图所示的公路交通标志，下列说法正确的是( )A．此路段平均速度不能超过60 km/hB．此处到宜昌的位移大小是268 kmC．此路段平均速率不能低于60 km/hD．此路段瞬时速度不能超过60 km/h3.有下列几种情景，请根据所学知识选择对情景的分析和判断正确的说法( )A．点火后即将升空的火箭，因火箭还没运动，所以加速度一定为零B．高速公路上沿直线高速行驶的轿车为避免事故紧急刹车．因轿车紧急刹车，速度变化很快，所以加速度很大C．高速行驶的磁悬浮列车，因速度很大，所以加速度也一定很大D．太空中的“天宫一号”绕地球匀速转动，其加速度为零4.甲、乙两位同学进行百米赛跑，假如把他们的运动近似为匀速直线运动来处理，他们同时从起跑线起跑，经过一段时间后他们的位置如图所示，分别作出在这段时间内两人运动的位移x、速度v与时间t的关系图象，正确的是( )A． B． C． D．5.某物体运动的速度－时间图象如图所示，则物体做( )A．往复运动B．匀变速直线运动C．朝某一方向的直线运动D．不能确定6.一列士兵正以某一速度v0做匀速直线运动，因有紧急情况通知排头兵，一通讯员以不变的速率跑步从队尾赶到排头，又从排头返回队尾，在此过程中通讯员的平均速度为，则( )A．＝v0 B．>v0 C．<v0 D．无法确定二、多选题(共6小题,每小题4分,共24分)7. （多选）2016年3月27日，中国海警舰船编队在钓鱼岛领海巡航．钓鱼岛自古就是我国固有领土，如图所示位置在距中国大陆某港330 km.若我国海警船从中国大陆某港出发去钓鱼岛巡航，到达钓鱼岛时航行了479 km.则下列说法中正确的是( )A．该海警船位移大小是479 km，路程330 kmB．该海警船位移大小是330 km，路程479 kmC．该海警船在海上航行时，确定其位置时不可以将其看成质点D．此次航行位移大小小于路程8. （多选）如图所示，物体沿曲线轨迹的箭头方向运动，AB、ABC、ABCD、ABCDE四段曲线轨迹运动所用的时间分别是：1 s、2 s、3 s、4 s．下列说法正确的是（）A．物体在AB段的平均速度为1 m/sB．物体在ABC段的平均速度为m/sC．物体在B点的速度等于AC段的平均速度D．ABC段的平均速度比AB段的平均速度更能反映物体处于A点时的瞬时速度9.（多选）如图是物体做直线运动的v－t图象．由图可知，该物体( )A．第1 s内和第3 s内的运动方向相反B．第3 s内和第4 s内的加速度相同C．第1 s内和第4 s内的加速度大小相等D． 3 s末速度方向和加速度方向都发生改变10.(多选)如图是做直线运动的甲、乙两个物体的位移—时间图象，由图象可知( )A．乙开始运动时，两物体相距20 mB．在0～10 s这段时间内，两物体间的距离逐渐增大C．在10～25 s这段时间内，两物体间的距离逐渐变小D．两物体在10 s时相距最远，在25 s时相遇11.(多选)下图为某质点的速度－时间图象，则下列说法正确的是( )A．在0～4 s内，质点做匀变速直线运动B．在6～10 s内，质点处于静止状态C．在4 s末，质点运动方向反向D．在12 s末，质点的加速度为－1 m/s212.(多选)一辆汽车由静止开始匀加速开出，然后保持匀速运动，最后匀减速运动，直到停止，表给出了不同时刻汽车的速度( )A．汽车做匀加速运动时，加速度的大小为3 m/s2B．与匀加速运动时相比，汽车做匀减速运动时速度变化较快C．汽车做匀加速运动过程中速度的变化量与匀减速运动过程中速度的变化量相同D．汽车从开出到停止总共经历的时间是11 s三、实验题(共2小题,每空2分,共16分)12.某同学在研究被重物牵引的小车速度随时间变化的关系的实验中得到一条纸带，如图所示O、A、B、C、D、E、F是纸带上的七个计数点，每相邻两个计数点间还有四个点没有画出，用x1、x2、x3、x4、x5、x6表示相邻两个计数点间的距离，在纸带的下方用毫米刻度尺测量计数点间的距离（零刻度线与O点对齐），已知打点计时器电源频率为50 Hz，那么，打下A、B两点的时间间隔为s，A点读数为cm；可计算出B、C两点间距离x3=cm；C点对应的速度大小是m/s，小车运动的加速度a为m/s2．（上述计算结果保留两位有效数字）．13.有一条电磁打点计时器打下的纸带如图所示，自A点起，每隔0.1秒记一个点．相邻计数两点间的距离分别为10 cm、14 cm、18 cm、22 cm、26 cm，则纸带在运动中，AF段的平均速度为: m/s，E点的瞬时速度为 m/s，纸带运动的加速度为m/s2(保留两位有效数字）四、计算题(共4小题,共42分)15.(8分)一辆汽车沿平直的公路单向行驶，从A处行驶到B处用了60 s，A、B两地相距900 m；在B处停留30 s后沿原路返回，用了45 s到达A、B的中点C处．问：（1）这辆汽车前60 s内的平均速度？（2）这辆汽车从A处到C处的平均速率？16.（8分）一个质点沿直线运动到A点时，速度为2 m/s，经过5 s到达B点，速度达到10m/s.此时质点又开始做减速运动，经过4 s后到达C点并停止运动．求：(1)质点从A点运动到B点过程中加速度的大小．(2)质点从B点运动到C点过程中加速度的大小．17.（12分）如下图所示，小球以v0＝6 m/s的速度从中间滑上足够长的光滑斜面．已知小球在斜面上运动时的加速度大小为2 m/s2，问小球速度大小为3 m/s时需多长时间？(小球在光滑斜面上运动时，加速度的大小和方向均不变)18.（14分）如下图所示，物体从光滑斜面上的A点由静止开始下滑，经过B点进入水平面(设经过B点前后速度大小不变)，最后停在C点．每隔0.2 s通过速度传感器测量物体的瞬时速度，下表给出了部分测量数据．(重力加速度g＝10 m/s2)求：(1)物体在斜面和水平面上滑行的加速度大小；(2)物体在斜面上下滑的时间；(3)t＝0.6 s时的瞬时速度v.参考答案13.【答案】0.10，0.30 0.70，0.080，0.20．14.【答案】1.8，2.4，4.015. 【答案】（1）这辆汽车前60 s内的平均速度为15 m/s（2）这辆汽车从A处到C处的平均速率为10 m/s【解析】（1）前60 s 的平均速度为：v=m/s=15 m/s平均速率为：v=m/s=10 m/s16.【答案】(1)1.6 m/s2(2)2.5 m/s2【解析】(1)质点从A运动到B的过程中a1＝＝m/s2＝1.6 m/s2.(2)质点从B点运动到C点的过程中a2＝＝m/s2＝－2.5 m/s2.负号表示加速度方向与初速度方向相反．17. 【答案】1.5 s或4.5 s【解析】方法一：以沿斜面向上的方向为正方向，当小球在上升过程中做减速运动，速度大小为3 m/s时有两种情况：(一)、速度方向仍沿斜面向上，此时，v0＝6 m/s，v＝3 m/s，a＝－2 m/s2，根据v＝v0＋at得t1＝＝s＝1.5 s(二)、速度方向沿斜面向下：小球继续向上运动，经t2＝＝1.5 s，速度由3 m/s减为0，然后小球沿斜面向下匀加速运动，以沿斜面向下的方向为正方向，此时，v0＝0，v＝3 m/s，a＝2 m/s2，根据v＝v0＋at得t2′＝＝s＝1.5 s, 综上可知，经历的时间为t1＋t2＋t2′＝4.5 s.方法二：上滑过程达3 m/s时，同上．若在下滑过程中达到3 m/s，以沿斜面向上为正方向，则有v0＝6 m/s，a＝－2 m/s2，v＝－3 m/s，由v＝v0＋at得t＝4.5 s.18.【答案】(1)5 m/s2 2 m/s2(2) 0.5 s (3)2.3 m/s【解析】(1)由前三列数据可知物体在斜面上匀加速下滑时的加速度大小为a1＝＝5 m/s2，由后两列数据可知物体在水平面上匀减速滑行的加速度大小为a2＝＝2 m/s2.(2)研究物体由t＝0到t＝1.2 s过程，设物体在斜面上运动的时间为t，则有：v B＝a1t，v1.2＝v B－a2(1.2－t)代入得v1.2＝a1t－a2(1.2－t)解得：t＝0.5 s，v B＝2.5 m/s即物体在斜面上下滑的时间为t＝0.5 s.(3) 由(2)知t＝0.6 s时物体在水平面上运动，速度为：v＝v B－a2(0.6－t)＝2.5 m/s－2×0.1 m/s＝2.3 m/s.。
2024届广东省普宁市华美实验学校物理高一第二学期期末经典模拟试题含解析
2024届广东省普宁市华美实验学校物理高一第二学期期末经典模拟试题考生请注意：1．答题前请将考场、试室号、座位号、考生号、姓名写在试卷密封线内，不得在试卷上作任何标记。
2．第一部分选择题每小题选出答案后，需将答案写在试卷指定的括号内，第二部分非选择题答案写在试卷题目指定的位置上。
3．考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。
考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、选择题（本题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，有的小题只有一个选项正确，有的小题有多个选项正确.全部选对的得5分，选不全的得3分，有选错的或不答的得0分）1、(本题9分)如图所示，A、B、C是在同一轨道平面上的三颗不同的人造地球卫星，关于各物理量的关系，下列说法正确的是()A．根据v＝，可知线速度v A<v B<v CB．根据万有引力定律，可知卫星所受的地球引力F A>F B>F CC．周期T A>T B>T CD．向心加速度a A>a B>a C2、(本题9分)一物体静置在平均密度为ρ的球形天体表面的赤道上．已知万有引力常量为G，若由于天体自转使物体对天体表面压力恰好为零，则天体自转周期为A．124π3Gρ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭B．1234πGρ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭C．12πGρ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭D．123πGρ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭3、物体自由下落，速度由0增加到5 m/s和由5 m/s增加到10 m/s的两段时间，这两断时间末时刻重力的瞬时功率之比是A．3:1 B．1:3 C．1:2 D．1:14、(本题9分)宇航员在围绕地球做匀速圆周运动的航天器中会处于完全失重状态，下述说法不正确的是（）A．宇航员受力平衡B．宇航员仍受引力作用C．引力正好等于宇航员围绕地球做匀速圆周运动的向心力D．引力仍产生加速度5、一圆盘可绕通过圆盘中心O 且垂直于盘面的竖直轴转动。
在圆盘上放置一小木块A ，它随圆盘一起做加速圆周运动，则关于木块A 的受力，下列说法正确的是（ ） A ．木块A 受重力、支持力和向心力B ．木块A 受重力、支持力和静摩擦力，摩擦力的方向与木块运动方向相反C ．木块A 受重力、支持力和静摩擦力，摩擦力的方向指向圆心D ．木块A 受重力、支持力和静摩擦力，摩擦力的法向分力提供向心力6、 (本题9分)如图所示，质量为m ，带电量为q 的微粒，以初速度0v 从A 点竖直向上射入空气中的沿水平方向的匀强电场中，粒子通过电场中B 点时，速率02B v v ，方向与电场的方向一致，则A 、B 两点的电势差为（ ）A ．22mv qB ．203mv qC ．202mv qD ．2032mv q7、如图所示，卫星A 、B 绕地球做匀速圆周运动，用ω、T 、v 、a 分别表示卫星运动的角速度、周期、运行速率、向心加速度．下列关系正确的有A ．T A >TB B ．v A >v BC ．a A <a BD ．ωA <ωB8、 (本题9分)我国为建设北斗导航系统，发射了多颗地球同步卫星，关于地球同步卫星，下列说法正确的是： A ．它们的质量一定相同 B ．它们一定都在赤道正上方运行 C ．它们距离地面的高度一定相同 D ．它们的运行周期一定相同9、如图所示，虚线a 、b 、c 代表电场中的三个等势面，相邻等势面之间的电势差相等，即，实线为一带负电的粒子仅在电场力作用下通过该区域时的运动轨迹，P 、R 、Q 是这条轨迹上的三点，R 同时在等势面b 上，据此可知A．三个等势面中，c的电势最低B．带电粒子在P点的电势能比在Q点的大C．带电粒子在P点的动能与电势能之和比在Q点的大D．带电粒子在R点的加速度方向垂直于等势面b10、A、B、C为电场中电场线上的三个点，一带电小球从A点由静止释放，并开始计时，先后沿直线经过B、C两点，其运动过程中的v-t如图所示，下列说法正确的是A．电场方向由A指向CB．A、B、C三点中B点场强最大C．小球由B至C过程中平均速度等于5.5m/sD．B、C两点间电势差大小|U BC|大于A、B两点间电势差大小|U AB|11、(本题9分)如图甲所示，质量为m=1 kg的小物块放在水平地面上，用水平力F拉着小物块沿水平面运动，小物块运动的v-t图像如图乙所示，小物块与地面之间的动摩擦因数为μ=0.2，重力加速度g取10 m/s2，则0-2 s内A．小物块动能增加4 JB．小物块动量变化2 kg·m/sC．拉力F对小物块做的功为6 JD．拉力F对小物块的冲量大小为2 N·s12、两个完全相同的金属小球（可视为点电荷），带电荷量之比为3:7，相距为r。
2024届广东省揭阳市普宁华美实验学校物理高一第一学期期中综合测试试题含解析
2024届广东省揭阳市普宁华美实验学校物理高一第一学期期中综合测试试题 注意事项：1． 答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。
2．选择题必须使用2B 铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0．5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3．请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。
4．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
一、选择题：本大题共10小题，每小题5分，共50分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，有的只有一项符合题目要求，有的有多项符合题目要求。
全部选对的得5分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分。
1、一辆沿笔直公路匀加速行驶的汽车，经过路旁两根相距80 m 的电线杆共用5 s 时间，它经过第1根电线杆时的速度为15 m/s ，则经过第2根电线杆时的速度为( )A ．16m/sB ．17m/sC ．18 m/sD ．19m/s2、2017年12月24日，我国自主研制的水陆两栖飞机“鲲龙”AG600首飞成功．至此，中国大飞机家族“三兄弟”运20、C919、AG600先后飞上蓝天！而“鲲龙”AG600既可飞天，又能入海．如果AG600在水面起飞，其在水面加速滑行过程中受到的合外力A ．大小为零B ．方向竖直向上C ．方向与滑行方向相同D ．方向沿滑行方向斜向上3、下列关于自由落体运动的说法中，正确的是A ．初速度等于零的竖直方向上的运动，就是自由落体运动B ．加速度为g 的竖直方向上的运动，就是自由落体运动C ．羽毛与石块做自由落体运动时的加速度不等D ．物体只在重力作用下由静止开始所做的运动就是自由落体运动4、质点沿直线从甲地开往乙地，前一半位移的平均速度是v 1，后一半位移的平均速度是v 2，则质点全程的平均速度是（ ）A ． 122v v +B ． 12122v v v v +C ． 1212v v v v +D ． 1212v v v v + 5、某中学高一同学坚持每天上晚自习后到操场跑圈，他沿着半径为R 的水平圆周跑道跑了1.5圈时，他的（ ） A ．路程和位移的大小均为3πRB ．路程和位移的大小均为2RC ．路程为πR ，位移的大小为2RD ．路程为3πR ，位移的大小为2R6、一个物体做匀加速直线运动，它在第3s 内的位移为5m ，则下列说法正确的是（ ）A．物体在第2.5s末的速度一定为5m/s B．物体的加速度一定是2m/s2C．物体在第5s内的位移一定为9m D．物体在前5s的位移一定为25m7、在忽略空气阻力情况下，让一轻一重的两块石块从同一高度同时自由下落，则关于两块石块的运动，下列说法正确的是（）A．重的石块落得快，先着地B．轻的石块落得快，先着地C．在着地前的任一时刻，两块石块具有相同的速度，相同的位移和相同的加速度D．两块石块在下落段时间内的平均速度相等8、如图所示的v t 图象中，表示物体作匀减速运动的是()A．B．C．D．9、运动员在同位置一分别沿与地面成30°和60°的方向踢出一只橄榄球，两次球落在同一地点，运动轨迹如图所示，不计空气阻力，则橄榄球A．两次运动位移相等B．沿轨迹①运动时间长C．在最高点时沿轨迹②运动速度小D．两次最高点位置一定在同一直线上10、甲、乙两同学沿平直路面步行，他们运动的位移随时间变化的规律如图所示，下面说法中正确的是（）A．甲同学比乙同学晚出发4sB．4s～8s内，甲、乙同学都作匀速直线运动C．0s～8s内，甲、乙两同学通过的位移相等D．8s末甲、乙两同学速度相等二、实验题11、（4分）在“研究匀变速直线运动”的实验中，下列方法有助于减少实验误差的是_____．A．选取计数点，把每打5个点的时间间隔作为一个时间单位B．使小车运动的加速度尽量小些C．舍去纸带上开始时密集的点，只利用点迹清晰、点间隔适当的那一部分进行测量、计算D．适当增加挂在细绳下钩码的个数12、（10分）如图所示是研究小车运动s-t图和v-t图的实验装置．(1)实验中用到的传感器为_____传感器，其中固定在小车上的是传感器的______（选填“发射器”或“接收器”）．(2)除小车、传感器、长直轨道和垫块外，还需要的仪器有____、_________.(3)如图是实验测得的s-t图像，则根据图像可知，小车是在_____（填“向着”或“背离”）另外一个传感器运动的；t1-t2小车的速度在_______（填“增加”、“减少”或“不变”），如果图像上的s0、t1、t2均已知，小车沿轨道做匀变速运动的加速度大小为________.三、计算题：解答应写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要的演算步骤．只写出最后答案的不能得分．有数值计算的题，答案中必须明确写出数值和单位13、（9分）一个物体做匀变速直线运动，初速度为v0，加速度为a，运动时间为t，末速度为v，位移为x。
广东省普宁市华美学校2019-2020学年高一生物上学期第二次月考12月试题[含答案]
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广东省普宁市华美学校2019-2020学年高一生物上学期第二次月考（12月）试题一、单选题（本题包括25小题，每小题2分，共50分）1.矿工中常见的职业病——硅肺产生的原因是（）A.硅尘堵塞了气管B.硅尘进入细胞破坏了细胞核C.硅尘破坏了溶酶体膜D.硅尘先破坏了线粒体，使呼吸作用无法进行2.有关物质和细胞的说法正确的是（）A.健那绿染液是活性染料B.青霉菌含有两种核酸，发菜含有一种核酸C.细胞器是细胞代谢主要场所D.无膜细胞器包括中心体和内质网3.有氧呼吸过程中产生能量最多的是（）A.葡萄糖初步分解时B.[H]被氧化时C.消耗水时D.形成CO2时4.下列关于酶的叙述，错误的是（）A.同一种酶可存在于分化程度不同的活细胞中B.低温能降低酶活性的原因是其破坏了酶的空间结构C.酶通过降低化学反应的活化能来提高化学反应速度D.酶既可以作为催化剂，也可以作为另一个反应的底物5.在呼吸作用过程中，若有CO2的放出，则可以判断此过程（）A.一定是有氧呼吸B.一定不是产生乳酸的无氧呼吸C.一定不是产生酒精的无氧呼吸D.一定是无氧呼吸6.核磁共振技术可应用于临床疾病诊断。
因为许多疾病会导致组织和器官内的水分发生变化，这种变化恰好能在核磁共振图像中反映出来。
下列有关叙述错误的是（）A.水在细胞中的存在形式及功能是不变的B.组织发生病变，会影响组织内的化学变化C.构成人体的不同组织和器官含水量是不一样的D.发生病变的器官，新陈代谢速率往往会发生改变7.“绵绵的细雨润醒了小草，润绿了杨树，润开了报春花”。
下列各图为植物在复苏过程中，细胞中自由水与结合水相对含量变化的曲线图，其中正确的是（）8.比较下面表格中甲、乙两种细胞的特征，根据表中信息判断，下列说法正确的是（）A.细胞甲中有DNA，也有叶绿体B.细胞甲是原核细胞，且可以是大肠杆菌C.细胞乙是真核细胞，且可以是植物细胞D.甲、乙两种细胞的细胞壁的组成成分相同9.将A、B两种物质混合，T1时加入酶C。
广东省普宁市华美实验学校2020-2021学年高二上学期第二次月考物理试题
A．该微粒一定带负电荷
B．微粒从O到A的运动可能是匀变速运动
C．该磁场的磁感应强度大小为
D．该电场的场强为
A． B．2C． D．3
二、多选题
5．如图所示，质量为m、长为L的导体棒电阻为R，初始时静止于光滑的水平轨道上，电源电动势为E，内阻不计。匀强磁场的磁感应强度大小为B、方向与轨道平面成θ角斜向右上方，开关S闭合后导体棒开始运动，则（ ）
A．导体棒向左运动
B．开关闭合瞬间导体棒MN所受安培力为
C．开关闭合瞬间导体棒MN所受安培力为
（1）小球B所带电量q；
（2）非均匀外电场在x=0.3 m处沿细杆方向的电场强度大小E；
（3）在合电场中，x=0.4 m与x=0.6 m之间的电势差U．
13．如图所示，在平面直角坐标系内，第一象限的等腰三角形MNP区域内存在垂直于坐标平面向外的匀强磁场，y<0的区域内存在着沿y轴正方向的匀强电场．一质量为m、带电荷量为q的带电粒子从电场中Q(－2h，－h)点以速度v0水平向右射出，经坐标原点O射入第一象限，最后以垂直于PN的方向射出磁场．已知MN平行于x轴，N点的坐标为(2h,2h)，不计粒子的重力，求：
8．如图所示，MNQP为有界的竖直向下的匀强电场，电场强度为E，ACB为固定的光滑半圆形轨道，轨道半径为R，A、B为轨道水平直径的两个端点。一个质量为m、电荷量为-q的带电小球从A点正上方高为H处由静止释放，并从A点沿切线进入半圆形轨道。不计空气阻力及一切能量损失，关于带电小球的运动情况，下列说法正确的是()
广东省普宁市华美学校2019_2020学年高一英语上学期第二次月考(12月)试题
广东省普宁市华美学校2019-2020学年高一英语上学期第二次月考（12月）试题第一部分：阅读理解（共两节, 满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分, 满分30分）阅读下列短文, 从每篇短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
AInteresting Exhibitions Held in Four Different MuseumsName: The British MuseumPhone: 020-7323-8000 Website: Opening hours: daily 10 a.m.—5:30 p.m. Price: Free This exhibition aims to show the mysteries of mummification(干尸化). From aking’s daughter to a temple doorkeeper, the displays explore the identities(身份)of eight people, using their bodies to discover clues about how they lived. By usingnew methods, such as CT scanning and 3D visualization(可视化), the British Museum hasbeen able to build up a picture of life in the Nile valley over 4,000 years.Name: The Fashion and Textile (纺织)MuseumPhone: 020-7407-8664 Website: Opening hours: daily 11 a.m.—5:30p.m. Price: £8.80 adults, £5.50 studentsThis Fashion and Textile Museum is housing the first-ever exhibition on classicMexican shawl(披肩), which became famous in the 20th century. Mexican artists,photographers and fashion and textile designers will be exhibiting their color1fulworks there.Name: The Victoria and Albert MuseumPhone: 020-7907-7073 Website: Opening hours: Mon, Thur., Sat, Sun, 10 a.m.—5:30 p.m.; Fri. 10 a.m.—10 p.m.Price: FreeThe Victoria and Albert Museum has dug out some of their most charming(迷人的)wedding dresses to record their history during the past two centuries. White weddingdresses were made popular by Queen Victoria in the nineteenth century. See beautiful wedding dresses made by famous designers.Name: The Science MuseumPhone: 0870-870-4868 Website: Opening hours: daily 10 a.m.—6 p.m. Price: FreeThis four-day festival displays the latest exciting gadgets(小机械) and introduces their inventors. Visitors can explore electronics(电子产品), build robots, get hands-on(亲自动手) with new technologies and have a go (尝试) at 3D printing. There will be displays taking place throughout the festival, which is suitable for anyone aged ten and over.1. Which number would you call if you’re interested in exploring history with modern technology?A. 020-7323-8000.B. 020-7407-8664.C. 020-7907-7073.D.0870-870-4868.2. Which museum can you visit if you are free at 8 p.m. on Friday?A. The British Museum.B. The Victoria and Albert Museum.C. The Science Museum.D.The Fashion and textile Museum.3. What can we learn about the Science Museum?A. It displays CT scanning technology.B. More information can be found at .C. Visitors themselves can try new technologies.D. The exhibition will last a week.BDoctors say you had better use it before you lose it. The more you sit each day, the more chance you have of getting sick.Richard Rosenkranz of Kansas State University was among the researchers. He said people who sat for long periods were at great risk of diseases when compared with those who sat less. He said that was especially true for some chronic (慢性的) diseases.Richard Rosenkranz studied the relationship between sitting and chronic diseasesin middle-aged Australian men. He worked with researchers from the University of Western Sydney. They examined the health records of more than 63,000 men from New South Wales. The men were between the ages of 45 and 65. The men reported about what diseases they had, or did not have. And they kept record of the amount of time each day that they sat.The study also showed that exercising every morning for 30 minutes did not reduce the health risk if you spend the next eight hours sitting at the desk. Mr. Rosenkranz said it was important to make sure you exercise. But he said it was also important to find ways not to sit so much during the day.Many jobs today require sitting and working at the desk all day. James Levine works at the Mayo Clinic in the United Sates. He suggests working while standing at high table some of the time instead of sitting at a desk. Dr. Levine also suggests standing while using the telephone or eating. Or he advises walking with the people you work with for an on-foot meeting. And he notes that if you spend more time on your feet, you may have muscle activity that helps burn fats and sugars in your body.4. The underlined sentence in the first paragraph implies that ________.A. doctors should treat all the patients wellB. doctors should make use of every methodC. one should value his health before he loses itD. one should depend on himself to keep healthy5. How did Richard Rosenkranz make the study?A. By examining some records and reports.B. By making some laboratory experiments.C. By talking with the doctors and patients.D. By watching the men’s daily performance.6. According to Dr. Levine, in order to avoid the harm of long-time sitting, one should ________.A. exercise more oftenB. change his jobC. stay away from the deskD. stand or walk more7. what’s the passage mainly about?A.people who sit down often are at a higher risk of being attacked by serious illnesses.B. People who sit longer daily have more chance of falling ill.C. people who do exercises regularly are less likely to get sick.D. People who exercise every morning for 30minutes will not reduce the health risk.CEric and Doris King Turner are packing their bags for New Zealand. They're busy deciding what to pack and what to leave behind in Britain and are making plans to extend their new home in Nelson. Doris is looking forward to getting the garden into shape and Eric has his heart set on a spot of fly fishing. The difference is that Eric is 102, Doris is 87. Eric thinks he's Britain's oldest emigrant.In January next year Eric King Turner and his wife of 12 years will wave goodbyeto their neighbors, and set sail from Southampton on the voyage of a lifetime. The ocean liner (远洋客轮)Saga Rose will take six weeks to get to Auckland and the coupleare expecting a red-carpet welcome from family.Doris was born in New Zealand but gave up her homeland when the couple met and married in the late 1990s. But New Zealand is close to both their hearts and the attraction of family and friends, and the good fishing helped to persuade them to move.Doris, who has five children and nine grandchildren, supported her husband's application to settle in New Zealand. The paperwork took five months. Eric says, "Wenot only had to produce a marriage certificate but we had to produce evidence thatwe were in a long and stable relationship!" He also said he was not asked about hisage but had to show that he could support himself financially in New Zealand."I like New Zealand. The way of life is very much the same as it is here but itis not so crowded." His wife has always been “a little bit homesick” but has never complained. Now the couple are in the middle of the task of sorting out possessionsand selling their flat.8. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A．They decided to leave all the things behind in Britain.B．The wife always complained about the life in Britain.C．The couple will set up their new home in Nelson.D．Doris and Eric will go to New Zealand to hold the wedding.9. What makes the couple's move to New Zealand special?A．Their age. B．The red carpet.C．The ocean liner Saga Rose. D．Their marriage certificate.10. The best title of the passage may be ____________.A．Better late than never B．Eric and Doris King-Turner are packing their bagsC．To leave or not to leave, that's the problem D．Eric, 102, leaves Britain with his wife11. What’s the old couple’s attitude towards living in New Zealand?A. Disappointed.B. Satisfied.C. Horrified.D.Surprised.DWhen I was nine years old, I loved to go fishing with my dad. But the only thing that wasn’t very fun about it was that he could catch many fish while I couldn’t catch anything. I usually got pretty upset and kept asking him why. He always answered, “Son, if you want to catch a fish, you have to think like a fish.” I remember being even more upset then because, “I’m not a fish!” I didn’t know how to think like a fish. Besides, I reasoned, how could what I think influence what a fish does?As I got a little older I began to understand what my dad really meant. So, I read some books on fish. And I even joined the local fishing club and started attending the monthly meetings. I learned that a fish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore is very sensitive to water temperature. That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water because the former is warmer. Besides, water is usually warmer in direct sunlight than in the shade. Yet, fish don’t have any eyelids (眼皮) and the sun hurts their eyes. The more I understood fish, the more I became effective at finding and catching them.When I grew up and entered the business world, I remember hearing my first boss say, “We all need to think like sales people. ” But it didn’t completely make sense.My dad never once said, “If you want to catch a fish you need to think like a fisherman.” What he said was, “You need to think like a fish.” Years later, withgreat efforts to promote long-term services to people much older and richer than me,I gradually learned what we all need is to think more like customers. It is not aneasy job. I will show you how in the following chapters(章节).12. Why was the author upset in fishing trips when he was nine?A. He could not catch a fish.B. His father was not patient with him.C. His father did not teach him fishing.D. He could not influence a fish as hisfather did.13. According to the author, fish are most likely to be found _ .A. in deep water on sunny daysB. in deep water on cloudy daysC. in shallow water under sunlightD. in shallow water under waterside trees14. After entering the business world, the author found .A. it easy to think like a customerB. his first boss’s sales ideasreasonableC. his father’s fishing advice ins piringD. it difficult to sell services to poorpeople15. This passage most likely comes from .A. a book about salesB.a fishing guideC. a novel on childhoodD. a millionaire’s story第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
广东省揭阳普宁市2019-2020学年度第二学期高一年级期末质量测试物理试题(含答案)
广东省揭阳普宁市2019-2020学年第二学期高中一年级期末质量测试物理科试题本试卷共4页，满分100分，考试时间75分钟说明：1.答题前，考生务必用黑色字迹的签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上，并在“考场号”、“座位号”栏内填涂考场号、座位号.2.选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案；答案不能答在试题卷上.3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡上各题目指定区域内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液.不按以上要求作答的答案无效.4.考生必须保持答题卡整洁，考试结束后，将答题卡交回，试题卷自已保存.第Ⅰ卷选择题（共50分）一、单项选择题（本题共10小题，每小题2分，满分20分.在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项符合题目要求，选对的得2分，多选、选错或不答的得0分）1.下列科学家中，用扭秤实验测出引力常量数值的是（）A.牛顿B.爱因斯坦C.卡文迪许D.伽利略2.下列说法正确的是（）A.质点就是体积、质量极小的物体B.质量大的物体，惯性一定大C.3s末指的是时间间隔D.子弹射出枪口时的速度是平均速度3.在长为50m的游泳池中举行200m蛙泳比赛，运动员从比赛开始到结束的过程中，游过的路程的最大值和位移的大小的最大值分别是（）A.0，50mB.200m，200mC.200m，50mD.200m，04.物体从静止开始做直线运动，其速度一时间图象如图所示，下列说法中正确的是（）A.物体做匀速直线运动B.物体做匀加速直线运动C.物体的位移大小保持不变D.物体的加速度大小在不断增大5.物体做曲线运动的条件是（）A.受到的合力必须是恒力B.受到的合力必须是变力C.物体所受的合力方向一定是变化的D.合力方向与速度方向不在同一条直线上6.离地面h 高处有A 、B 、C 三个小球，同时让A 球自由下落，B 球以速度v 水平抛出，C 球以速度2v 水平抛出，不计空气阻力，它们落地时间A t 、B t 、C t 的关系是（ ） A.A B C t t t ==B.A B C t t t <<C.A B C t t t <=D.A B C t t t >>7.物体处于平衡状态时，该物体（ ） A.一定静止B.受到合外力等于零C.一定做匀速直线运动D.可能做匀速圆周运动8.在水平冰面上，狗拉着雪橇做匀速圆周运动，O 点为圆心.能正确地表示雪橇受到的牵引力F 及摩擦力f F 的图是（ ）A. B. C. D.9.人造卫星绕地球做匀速圆周运动的线速度大小为v ，轨道半径为r ，已知引力常量为G ，根据万有引力定律，可算出地球的质量为（ ）A.2v r GB.22v r GC.2vr GD.vr G10.下列情况，一定能发生超重的是：（ ） A.当电梯竖直方向匀速运动时 B.当电梯竖直向上运动时C.当电梯竖直向下运动时D.当电梯竖直运动有向上加速度时二、多项选择题（本题共10小题，每小题3分，满分30分.在每小题给出的四个选项中，有多项符合题目要求，全部选对的得3分，选对但不全的得2分，有选错的得0分） 11.下列物理量为矢量的是（ ） A.位移B.加速度C.周期D.功12.大小分别为5N 和15N 的两个力，同时作用在一个物体上，则它们的合力可能是（ ） A.5NB.8NC.15ND.20N13.我国是世界上能够发射地球同步卫星的少数国家之一，关于同步卫星，正确的说法是（ ） A.质量不同的地球同步卫星轨道高度也不同 B.同步卫星轨道平面与赤道平面重合 C.地球同步卫星运动周期与地球自转周期相同 D.同步卫星的速度大于7.9km/s14.如图所示，放在水平地面上的杯子，对地面的作用力为F ，则下面说法正确的是（ ）A.力F 的性质是弹力B.力F 就是杯子的重力C.地面对杯子的作用力与杯子对地面的作用力互相平衡D.力F 是由杯子的形变面产生的15.如图所示，小球m 在竖直放置的光滑的圆形管道内做圆周运动，下列说法正确的是（ ）A.B.小球通过最高点时的向心加速度为零C.小球在水平线ab 以上的管道中运动时外侧管壁对小球一定无作用力D.小球在水平线ab 以下的管道中运动时外侧管壁对小球一定有作用力16.假设某飞船在变轨前后都绕地球做匀速圆周运动，变轨前和变轨后的轨道半径分别是1r 和2r ，且12r r <，如图所示，则变轨后的飞船（ ）A.线速度变小B.角速度增大C.加速度增大D.周期增大17.下列关于功率的说法中正确的是（ ） A.由WP t=知，力做的功越多，功率越大 B.由W Pt =知，功率越大，单位时间内力做的功越多 C.由P Fv =知，物体运动得越快，功率越大D.由cos P Fv α=知，某一时刻，即使力和速度都很大，但功率不一定大18.如图所示为摩擦传动装置，B 轮转动时带动A 轮跟着转动，已知转过程中轮缘间无打滑现象，A 轮半径是B 轮半径的3倍.下列说法中正确的是（ ）A.A 、B 两轮转动的方向相同B.A 与B 轮缘上的点转动的线速度大小相等C.A 、B 转动的角速度之比为1:3D.A 、B 轮缘上点的向心加速度之比为3:119.如图所示，桌面高为h ，质量为m 的小球从离桌面高H 处从静止开始下落，不计空气阻力，以桌面为零势能面.则小球落到地面时（ ）A.机械能大小为mgHB.动能大小为mghC.重力势能减少了()mg H h +D.动能增加了()mg H h +20.如图所示，货物放在自动扶梯的水平台阶上，随扶梯一起向斜上方做匀速直线运动，下列说法正确的是（ ）A.重力对货物做负功B.摩擦力对货物做正功C.支持力对货物做正功D.合外力对货物做正功第Ⅱ卷 非选择题（共50分）三、实验题（本题共2小题，每空2分，满分16分.请将正确的答案写在答题卡上.）21.（8分）在用电火花计时器（或电磁打点计时器）研究匀变速直线运动的实验中，某个同学打出了一条纸带.已知计时器打点的时间间隔为0.02s ，他按打点先后顺序每5点取1个计数点，得到了O 、A 、B 、C 、D 等几个计数点.用刻度尺量得 1.50cm OA =、 1.90cm AB =、 2.30cm BC =、 2.70cm CD =.（1）打点计时器接_____________电（填“直流”，“交流”）（2）由此可见，纸带做___________直线运动（选填“匀加速”或“匀减速”或“匀速”），打C 点时纸带的速度大小为_____________m/s .（结果保留2位有效数字）（3）纸带运动的加速度大小为______________2m/s .（结果保留2位有效数字）22.（8分）如图所示是某同学探究动能定理的实验装置.已知重力加速度为g ，不计滑轮摩擦阻力，该同学的实验步骤如下：a.将长木板倾斜放置，小车放在长木板上，长木板旁放置两个光电门A 和B ，砂桶通过滑轮与小车相连.b.调整长木板倾角，使得小车恰好能在细绳的拉力作用下匀速下滑，测得砂和砂桶的总质量为m .c.某时刻剪断细绳，小车由静止开始加速运动.d.测得挡光片通过光电门A 的时间为1t ∆，通过光电门B 的时间为2t ∆，挡光片宽度为d ，小车质量为M ，两个光电门A 和B 之间的距离为L .e.依据以上数据探究动能定理.（1）根据以上步骤，你认为以下关于实验过程的表述正确的是_______________. A.实验时，先接通光电门，后剪断细绳 B.实验时，小车加速运动的合外力为F Mg = C.实验过程不需要测出斜面的倾角D.实验时，应满足砂和砂桶的总质量m 远小于小车质量M（2）小车经过光电门A 、B 的瞬时速度为A v =_________、B v =_____________.如果关系式_____________在误差允许范围内成立，就验证了动能定理.四、计算题（23题14分，24题20分，满分34分.计算题要求写出必要的文字说明、方程和重要演算步骤，只写出最后答案的不能给分.有数值计算的题，答案中必须明确写出数值和单位.）23.（14分）如图所示，长为l 的细线下系一质量为m 的小球，线上端固定在O 点，小球可以在竖直面内摆动，不计空气阻力，当小球从偏角为θ的位置由静止运动到最低点的过程中，求：（1）重力对小球做的功； （2）小球到最低点时的速度大小； （3）在最低点时，细绳对小球的拉力.24.（20分）如图甲所示，轨道ABCD 的AB 段为一半径0.2m R =的光滑14圆弧轨道，BC 段为高为5m h =的竖直轨道，CD 段为水平轨道.一质量为0.2kg 的小球从A 点由静止开始下滑，到达B 点时速度的大小为2m/s ，离开B 点做平抛运动，210m/s g =，求：（1）小球到达B 点时对圆弧轨道的压力大小；（2）小球离开B 点后，在CD 轨道上的落地点到C 点的水平距离；（3）如图乙，如果在BCD 轨道上放置一个倾角45θ=︒的斜面，那么小球离开B 点后能否落到斜面上？如果能，求它第一次落在斜面上的位置距离B 点有多远.如果不能，请说明理由.广东省揭阳普宁市2019-2020学年第二学期高中一年级期末质量测试物理科试题参考答案一、单项选择题（本题共10小题，每小题2分，满分20分.在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项符合题目要求，选对的得2分，多选、选错或不答的得0分.）二、多项选择题（本题共10小题，每小题3分，满分30分.在每小题给出的四个选项中，有多符合题目要求，全部选对的得3分，选对但不全的得2分，有选错的得0分.三、实验题（每空2分，满分16分.）21.（1）交流（2）匀加速 0.25 （3）0.40 22.（1）AC （2）1d t ∆ 2d t ∆ （3）22211122d d mgL M M t t ⎛⎫⎛⎫=− ⎪ ⎪∆∆⎝⎭⎝⎭四、计算题（23题14分，24题20分，满分34分.计算题要求写出必要的文字说明、方程和重要演算步骤，只写出最后答案的不能给分.有数值计算的题，答案中必须明确写出数值和单位.） 23.（14分）解：（1）小球由静止运动到最低点的过程中，重力所做的功为()1cos G W mgh mgl θ==−.……………………………………（2分）（2）小球从静止开始运动到最低点的过程中，根据动理得：()211cos 02mgl mv θ−=−.…………………………………………（4分） 解得：v =（1分）（3）小球在最低点时，根据牛顿第二定律有：2v T mg m l−=.…………………………………………（4分）解得：32cos T mg mg θ=−.………………………………（2分）此时，细绳对小球的拉力方向为竖直向上.………………………………（1分）24.（20分）解：（1）小球到达B 点时受重力G 和竖直向上的弹力N 作用，由牛顿第二定律得2Bv N G m R−=.………………………………………………（2分）解得6N N =.………………………………………………（2分） 由牛顿第二定律知小球到达B 点时对因弧轨道的压力大小6N N N '==.…………………………………………（2分）（2）设小球离开B 点做平抛运动的时间为1t ，落地点到C 点的水平距离为x 由2112h gt =得：.………………………………………………（2分）11s t ==.……………………………………………………（2分） 12m B x v t ==.……………………………………（2分）（3）如图，斜面BE 的倾角45θ=︒，CE 长5m d h ==，因为d x >，所以小球离开B 点后能落在斜面上.……………………（2分）假设小球第一次落在斜面上F 点，BF 长为L ，小球从B 点到F 点的时间为2t2cos B L v t θ=①……………………（2分）221sin 2L gt θ=②……………………（2分） 联立①②两式得20.4s t =， 1.13m L ≈.………………………………（2分）。
广东省普宁市华美实验学校19学年高一英语上学期第二次月考(12月)试题(含答案).doc
广东省普宁市华美实验学校2018-2019学年高一英语上学期第二次月考（12月）试题第一部分：阅读理解（共两节, 满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分, 满分30分）阅读下列短文, 从每篇短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
AJewel’s Online Footwear StoreLeather Dress ShoesPrice: $ 120.00Color: Black Leather Brown Leather Red Leather Natural LeatherAverage Rating: 3 out of 5 starsShipping Info: Standard: 7—10 business days Express: 3—5 daysCustomer ReviewsCustomer 1 ★★★★★My favorite shoes! I’ve been to many conferences where my business fellows have told me how much they like my shoes. Just wearing them makes me feel more calm and content in the office.I recommend them to all of my co-workers, and I own a pair of each color.Customer 2 ★These are the worst shoes I have ever worn! The leather came off after only one week, and everybody thought they were ugly. The bottom of the shoes made everything slippery. My employer fired me because he hated them! From then on, I will only wear Brand X shoes!Customer 3 ★★★These shoes do exactly what shoes are supposed to do. There isn’t anything too special about them. In the morning, I put them on and goabout my day. They look delightful enough, and they are quite durable(耐用的). I will probably buy another pair.Customer 4 ★★★★These shoes are my most cherished possession.I met my bride while buying a pair of these shoes.She was the saleswoman at the store that I bought them at, and after she sold me three pairs, I asked her for her phone number and we started dating.Soon after that, we were engaged. We are getting married this afternoon, and I couldn’t be happier.1. How many pairs of leather dress shoes does Customer 1 own?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.2. Which customer do you feel gives us the most balanced and objective view?A. Customer 1.B. Customer 3.C. Customer 2.D. Customer 4.3. Why does the Customer 4 like the shoes?A. They are made to last.B. They make him attractive.C. He met his future wife while buying them.D. They make him feel more comfortable.BTelesforo sighed. He absolutely could not go to the new school one more day. The kids didn't laugh about his name, but they all played baseball and had lunch together without him. That was the whole problem. No one saw him or talked to him or even knew he was there.So when Telesforo went to school this morning, his head was bowed and his feet kicked at anything on the sidewalk.As usual, his teacher Mrs Benson read to the classfrom the newspaper, and today Telesforo was surprised when she read about the US Mint (铸币厂) making five special coins every year to honor each of the 50 states.He knew all about those shiny new state coins. He and his dad collected them. Dad gave him a small album to hold them. By the end of the year, Telesforo would have all 50. By the time he was ready for bed that night, he decided to take his coins to school tomorrow.The next day, when the kids settled, Telesforo opened his album and held it high for the class to see. “These are the coins Mrs Benson read about. And this is John Muir on the California coin，”he said, pointing. “Muir wanted to save the wilderness.”Telesforo spoke rapidly as he explained the designs: North Carolina and the first airplane flight. South Dakota, with four presidents carved on Mount Rushmore.“How can I get some of these coins? Why don'twe meet after school？”Josh asked. “And Tel can explain everything we need to know.”Tel? Josh just called him Tel? Like they knew he existed? Like they were longtime friends? Telesforo held his album and smiled. So he did have friends.4．Why didn't Telesforo want to go to school at first?A．Because he wasn't good at playing baseball.B．Because his teacher didn't like him asking questions.C．Because his classmates were cold to him.D．Because his classmates laughed at him.5．From whom did Telesforo get the idea to make friends with his new classmates?A．His father. B．His mother.C．His classmates. D．His teacher.6．How did Telesforo manage to make friends in the new school?A．By giving each of his classmates a special coin.B．By sharing the story of his collections with his classmates.C．By helping his teacher to read the newspaper to the class.D．By giving a brief introduction to American history in class.7．When he heard that he was called “Tel”, Telesforo felt ________.A．glad B．angry C．nervous D．ashamedCChina is a land of bicycles. At least it was back in 1992 when I traveled the country. Back then everyone seemed to be riding a bicycle. Millions of them, all black. Cars were rare. Yet since my arrival in Beijing last year, I've found the opposite is true. There are millionsof cars. However, people still use their bicycles to get around. For many, it's the easiest and cheapest way to travel today. Bicycles also come in different colors—silver, green, red, blue, yellow, whatever you want.It's fun watching people biking. They rush quickly through crossroads, move skillfully through traffic, and ride even on sidewalks(人行道). Bicycles allow people the freedom to move about that cars just can't provide.Eager to be part of this aspect of Chinese culture, I decided to buy a bicycle. Great weather accompanied(陪伴) my great buy. I immediately jumped up on my bicycle seat and started home.My first ride home was orderly(守秩序的). To be safe, I stayed with a “pack”of bikers while cars on the streets came running swiftly out of nowhere at times. I didn't want to get hit. So I took the ridecarefully. Crossing the streets was the biggest problem. It was a lot like crossing a major highway back in the United States. The streets here were wide, so crossing took time, skill and a little bit of luck.I finally made it home. The feeling on the bicycle was amazing. The air hitting my face and going through my hair was wonderful. I was sitting on top of the world as I passed by places and people. Biking made me feel alive.8. According to the author, why are bicycles still popular in China today?A. Because they are traditional and safe.B. Because they are convenient and not expensive.C. Because they are colorful and available.D. Because they are fast and environment friendly.9 The author decided to buy a bicycle because he intended _______.A. to ride it for funB. to use it for transportC. to experience local cultureD. to improve his riding skills10. How did the author feel about his street crossing?A. It was boring.B. It was difficult.C. It was lively.D. It was wonderful.11. Which of the following best describes the author's biking experience?A. The author enjoyed showing off his biking skills.B. The author was annoyed by the air while riding.C. The author was praised by the other bikers.D. The author took great pleasure in biking.DThe history of civil engineering (土木工程) is a very important story in the development of civilization (文明). Civil engineers began practising their profession four thousand years ago.What is left of their work is the proof that they were wise. These engineers of the ancient world built entire cities. They designed systems of pipes which supplied fresh water. They built water pipelines for farmlands as well as bridges of great length. The relics of their buildings tell us much about the work of early engineers.Consider the pyramids(金字塔) of Egypt. They are evidence that some of the earliest engineers had great scientific ability. There is also evidence that those engineers could make lasting work of art and design. Although they lived thousands of years ago, the Egyptian engineers used very exact measurements. The base ofthe largest pyramid—the Great Pyramid near Giza—comes to within inches of being a perfect square. The pyramid is perfectly placed. Each corner points toward the exact directions of north, south, east and west. The inside of the pyramid is filled with complicated (复杂的) passages (通道). These lead to different rooms inside the pyramid. Many of these passages are of great length and height.The engineers of Egypt did more than design the pyramids. They also set up methods of moving and shaping the building materials. These materials were very heavy. They had to be brought from miles away and sometimes lifted several hundred feet. During the work the engineers commanded thousands of workers. The pyramids remain as evidence of the abilities of the ancient Egyptian engineers.12．The civil engineers of ancient times were wiseenough to build entire cities, including ____ .A．systems of pipes, bridges and machineryB．pipeline systems, bridges and farmlandsC．water supply systems, bridges and pipelinesD．water supply systems, bridges and stadiums13. Which of the following is not true about the Great Pyramid of Egypt?A. It was exactly measured.B. It is near Giza.C. Its base is a square.D. It has rooms of great height.14．From the passage we know that ________ .A．building materials were broken into small piecesB．there were no requirements for the size and shape of building materialsC．Egyptian engineers were not concerned with the size and shape of building materialsD．building materials were processed (加工) to meet certain requirements15. What is the purpose of this text?A. To introduce to us how the pyramids of Egypt was built.B. To tell us how to move materials in the ancient times.C. To show that the ancient engineers made great contributions in the development of civilization.D. To introduce some great works in the ancient times.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
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华美实验2019-2020学年度上学期第二次月考
高一物理试卷
总分100分考试时间90分钟
一、单选题(每小题3分，共18分)
1.质点做匀加速直线运动，初速度为1 m/s，第1 s末速度为3 m/s，则质点的加速度大小
为（）
A． 1 m/s2 B． 2 m/s2 C． 3 m/s2 D． 4 m/s2
2.某物体沿直线运动，其v－t图象如图所示，则下列说法正确的是( )
A．物体8 s内始终向一个方向运动
B．前3 s内速度方向与加速度方向相同，物体做加速运动
C． 4～6 s内物体速度方向与加速度方向相反，物体做减速运动
D．第7 s内速度方向与加速度方向相同，物体做加速运动
3.一物体由静止开始沿直线运动，其加速度随时间变化的规律如图所示，取物体开始运动的
方向为正方向，则下列关于物体运动的v－t图象正确的是( )
A．B．C．D．
4.下列有关力的说法中正确的是( )
A．静止在水平面上的物体对水平面的压力就是物体的重力
B．在斜面上匀速下滑的物体受到重力、支持力、摩擦力和下滑力的作用
C．静止在水平面上的物体所受的支持力和它对水平面的压力相互平衡
D．两个力的合力可能小于其中的任一个分力
5.关于静摩擦力的说法，下列正确的是( )
A．静摩擦力的方向与物体的相对运动趋势方向相反
B．静摩擦力的方向总是与物体的相对运动方向相反
C．静摩擦力的大小可以用公式F f＝μF N直接计算
D．正压力越大，静摩擦力越大
6.在如下所示的A，B，C，D四图中，滑轮本身的重力忽略不计，滑轮的轴O安装在一根轻
木杆P上，一根轻绳ab绕过滑轮，a端固定在墙上，b端下面挂一个质量都是m的重物，当
滑轮和重物都静止不动时，A，C，D图中杆P与竖直方向夹角均为θ，图B中杆P在竖直方
向上，假设A，B，C，D四图中滑轮受到木杆弹力的大小依次为F A，F B，F C，F D，则以下判断
中正确的是( )
A． B． C． D．
二、多选题(共6小题,每小题4分,共24分)
7.(多选)如图是某质点的运动图象，由图象可以知正确是( )
A． 0～4 s内的位移大小是3 m
B． 0～1 s内加速度是2 m/s2
C． 0～4 s内平均速度是1.25 m/s
D． 0～1 s内的速度方向与2～4 s内速度方向相反
8.(多选)一物体同时受到同一平面内的三个共点力的作用，下列几组力的合力可能为零的是
( )
A． 5 N,8 N,9 N B． 5 N,1 N,3 N C． 2 N,7 N,10 N D． 1 N,10 N,10 N
9.(多选)3个相同的物体叠放在一起，置于粗糙的水平地面上，物体之间不光滑，如图所示．现
用一水平力F作用在B物体上，物体仍保持静止．下列说法正确的是( )
A．C受到地面的摩擦力大小为F，方向水平向左
B．A受到水平向右的摩擦力作用
C．B对C的摩擦力大小为F，方向水平向右
D．C受到5个力作用
10.(多选)如图所示，木块A和B接触面水平，在水平力F作用下，
木块A、B保持静止，则木块B受力的个数可能是 ( )
A． 3个 B． 4个
C． 5个 D． 6个
11.(多选)如图所示，质量均为m的小球A、B用两根不可伸长的轻绳连接后悬挂于O点，在
外力F的作用下，小球A、B处于静止状态．若要使两小球处于静止状态且悬线OA与竖直方
向的夹角θ保持30°不变，则外力F的大小 ( )
A．可能为mg B．可能为mg
C．可能为mg D．可能为mg
12.(多选)如图所示，质量分别为m1、m2的两个物体通过轻弹簧连接，在力F的作用下一起
沿水平方向做匀速直线运动(m1在地面，m2在空中)，力F与水平方向成θ角．则m1所受支和摩擦力F f正确的是( )
持力F
A．F N＝m1g＋m2g－F sinθ
B．F N＝m1g＋m2g－F cosθ
C．F f＝F cosθ
D．F f＝F sinθ
三、实验题(共2小题,每空2分,共14分)
13.为了探究弹力F与弹簧伸长量x的关系，李强同学选了甲、乙两根规格不同的弹簧进行
测试，根据测得的数据绘出如下图所示的图象，从图象上看，该同学没能完全按实验要求做，
使图象上端成为曲线，图象上端成为曲线是因为_________ _______．甲、
乙两根弹簧的劲度系数分别为：________N/m、________N/m.若要制作一个精确度较高的弹
簧测力计，应选弹簧________(填“甲”或“乙”)．
14.为了较准确地测量某细线能承受的最大拉力，小聪、小明分别进行了如下实验：
小聪在室里找到一把弹簧测力计，按图甲所示安装细线和测力计后，他用力缓慢竖直向下拉
测力计，直到测力计示数达到量程(细线没有断裂)时，读出测力计示数F，将F记为细线能
承受的最大拉力．
小明在实验室里还找到一把刻度尺和一个玩具小熊，接着进行了如下操作：
①用刻度尺测出细线长度L，用弹簧测力计测出玩具小熊的重力G；
②按图乙所示安装玩具熊、细线(玩具小熊悬挂在细线的中点)；
③两手捏着细线缓慢向两边移动直到细线断裂，读出此时两手间的水平距离d；
④利用平衡条件算出结果．
在不计细线质量和伸长影响情况下，请回答：(1)小明算出的细线能承受的最大拉力是
________(用L、G、d表示)；两位同学中________(选填“小聪”或“小明”)的测量结果较
准确．
(2)在小明两手捏着细线缓慢向两边移动的过程中，下列说法正确是________(填选项序号字
母)．
A．细线上拉力大小不变
B．细线上拉力减小
C．细线上拉力的合力不变
D．细线上拉力的合力增大
四、计算题(共4小题,共44分)
15.（8分）一直升机以5.0 m/s的速度竖直上升，某时刻从飞机上释放一物块，经2.0 s
落到地面上，不计空气阻力，g取10 m/s2.求：
(1)物块落到地面时的速度大小；
(2)物块在2.0 s内通过的路程；
16. （8分）如图所示，轻绳AD跨过固定在水平横梁BC右端的定滑轮挂住一个质量为10 kg 的物体，∠ACB＝30°，g取10 m/s2，求：
(1)轻绳AC段的张力FAC的大小；
(2)横梁BC对C端的支持力的大小及方向．
17. （12分）如图所示，物体A重GA＝30 N，物体B重GB＝50 N，A与B，B与地面之间的动摩擦因数分别为μ1＝0.5和μ2＝0.3，当用水平拉力F拉着物体B匀速向右运动，A未脱离B前，求：
(1)A物体所受的滑动摩擦力F1的大小和方向；
(2)B物体所受地面的滑动摩擦力F2的大小和方向；
(3)水平拉力F的大小，
18. （16分）如图所示，在质量为1 kg的重物上系着一条长30 cm的细绳，细绳的另一端连着套在水平棒上可以滑动的圆环，环与棒间的动摩擦因数为0.75，另有一条细绳，其一端跨过定滑轮，定滑轮固定在距离圆环50 cm的地方．当细绳的端点挂上重物G，而圆环将要滑动时，试问：
(1)长为30 cm的细绳的张力是多少？
(2)圆环将要开始滑动时，重物G的质量是多少？
(3)角φ多大？(环的重力忽略不计)
高一物理第二次月考参考答案
13.【答案】超过了弹簧的弹性限度66.7 200 甲
14.【答案】(1)小明(2)C
15.【答案】(1)15 m/s (2)12.5 m
【解析】(1)设物块落地时速度为v，由速度公式：v＝v0－gt得：v＝－15 m/s 负号说明方向竖直向下
(2)物块上升过程：由0－v＝－2gh1得：h1＝1.25 m
下降过程：由v2－0＝2gh2得：h2＝11.25 m
物块通过的路程为：s＝h1＋h2＝12.5 m
16.【答案】(1)100 N (2)100 N 与水平方向成30°角斜向右上方
【解析】物体M处于平衡状态，根据平衡条件可判断，与物体相连的轻绳拉力大小等于物体
的重力，取C点为研究对象，进行受力分析，如图所示．
(1)图中轻绳AD跨过定滑轮拉住质量为M的物体，物体处于平衡状态，
(2)绳AC段的拉力大小为：FAC＝FCD＝Mg＝10×10 N＝100 N
(2)由几何关系得：FC＝FAC＝Mg＝100 N
方向和水平方向成30°角斜向右上方
17.解(1)物体A相对物体B向左滑动，物体B给物体A的滑动摩擦力方向向右，由平衡条件，竖直方向：N＝GA所以：F1＝μ1GA＝0.5×30 N＝15 N
(2)物体B相对地面向右滑动，地面给物体B的滑动摩擦力方向向向左，
由平衡条件：竖直方向：N＝GA＋GB，所以：F2＝μ2(GA＋GB)＝0.3×(30＋50)N＝24 N
(3)F＝F1＋F2＝(15＋24)N＝39 N
18.【答案】(1)8 N (2)0.6 kg (3)90°
解:(1)如图所示，选取坐标系，根据平衡条件有：
G cosθ＋F T sinθ－mg＝0
F T cosθ－
G sinθ＝0.
即F T＝8 N.
(2)圆环将要滑动时， m Gg＝，得：m G＝0.6 kg.
(3) 由平衡条件Fx＝0，Fy＝0，建立方程有：μF N－F T cosθ＝0，F N－F T sinθ＝0.
所以tanθ＝.
设想：过O作OA的垂线与杆交于B′点，由AO＝30 cm，tanθ＝得，B′O的长为40 cm. 在直角三角形中，由三角形的边长条件得AB′＝50 cm，但据题设条件AB＝50 cm，故B′点与定滑轮的固定处B点重合，即得φ＝90°。