白肋烟品质规定表

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分级因素

分级因素：指用以衡量烟叶等级质量和内在质量的外观特征，称为分级因素，又称品级因素。

品质因素：指反映烟叶内在质量的外观因素，如成熟度、油分、叶片结构、身份、色度、叶片长度等。

控制因素：指影响烟叶内在质量的外观因素，如残伤、杂色、破损等。

成熟度：指烟叶成熟的程度。

油分：指烟叶组织细胞内含有的一种柔软液体或半液体物质，在烟叶外观上表现为油润、丰满或枯燥的程度。

色度：指烟叶表面颜色的均匀程度、饱和程度和光泽强度，是一个综合的概念。

光泽：光泽是指烟叶表面色彩的明暗程度，即颜色对视觉反应的强弱。

叶片结构：指烟叶细胞排列的疏密程度，以孔度表示。

身份：指烟叶的厚度、细胞密度和单位面积重量的综合状态，以厚度表示。

残伤：指烟叶组织受到破坏，失去成丝强度和坚实性，或杂色透过叶背，使组织受到破坏，基本无使用价值，包括由烟叶成熟度的提高而出现的病斑、焦尖和焦边，以百分数表示。

长度：指叶片主脉基部到叶尖的直线距离。

纯度允差：纯度允差指某一等级允许混有上、下一级烟叶的幅度。

烤烟颜色分组的依据是什么？烤烟分级国家标准中按颜色分为哪些组？颜色的差异反映着不同烟叶的内在质量，不同颜色的烟叶必然具有不同的内在质量特点。

（1）颜色由浅至深、总糖含量逐渐降低；（2）颜色由浅至深、烟碱含量逐渐增加；（3）在青黄至柠檬黄区域内，随颜色的加深香气质由差向好转变，柠檬黄时最佳；（4）在青黄至橘黄区域内，随黄色加深，香气量增加；（5）在青黄至橘黄区域内，随黄色加深，烟叶杂气减少，刺激性变小，浓度变大。

烤烟按基本色深浅划分为：柠檬黄色组、橘黄色组、红棕色组。

烤烟分级标准选用了哪些因素？各划分了哪些档次？分级因素有七个：成熟度、身份、油分、叶片结构、色度、长度、残伤允许度。

成熟度划分为：完熟、成熟、尚熟、欠熟、假熟五个档次。

油分分为多、有、稍有、少四个档次。

叶片结构分为疏松、尚疏松、稍密、紧密四个档次；身份分为中等、稍厚、稍薄、厚、薄。

色度分为浓、强、中、弱、淡五个档次。

42级烟叶分级国家标准品质因素表.doc

42 级烟叶分级国家标准品质因素表组别级别代号成熟度叶片结构身份油分色度长度cm 残伤％1 X1L 成熟疏松稍薄有强40 15柠檬黄L 2 X2L 成熟疏松薄稍有中35 253 X3L 成熟疏松薄稍有弱30 30下 4 X4L 假熟疏松薄少淡25 35 部X1 X1F 成熟疏松稍薄有强40 15橘黄F 2 X2F 成熟疏松稍薄稍有中35 253 X3F 成熟疏松稍薄稍有弱30 304 X4F 假熟疏松薄少淡25 35 1 C1L 成熟疏松中等多浓45 10柠檬黄L2 C2L 成熟疏松中等有强40 153 C3L 成熟疏松稍薄有中35 25中部C4 C4L 成熟疏松稍薄稍有中35 301 C1F 成熟疏松中等多浓45 10 橘黄F2 C2F 成熟疏松中等有强40 153 C3F 成熟疏松中等有中35 254 C4F 成熟疏松稍薄稍有中35 301 B1L 成熟尚疏松中等多浓45 15 柠檬黄L2 B2L 成熟稍密中等有强40 203 B3L 成熟稍密中等稍有中35 304 B4L 成熟稍密稍厚稍有弱30 35上部B橘黄F1 B1F 成熟尚疏松稍厚多浓45 152 B2F 成熟尚疏松稍厚有强40 203 B3F 成熟稍密稍厚有中35 304 B4F 成熟稍密厚稍有弱30 351 B1R 成熟尚疏松稍厚有浓45 15红棕R 2 B2R 成熟稍密稍厚有强40 253 B3R 成熟稍密厚稍有中35 35 完熟叶H1 H1F 完熟疏松中等稍有强40 202 H2F 完熟疏松中等稍有中35 35中下 1 CX1K 尚熟疏松稍薄有——35 20 部CX 2 CX2K 欠熟尚疏松薄少——25 25杂色 1 B1K 尚熟稍密稍厚有——35 20 K上部B 2 B2K 欠熟紧密厚稍有——30 303 B3K 欠熟紧密厚少——25 35光滑叶S 1 S1 欠熟紧密稍薄稍厚有——35 10 2 S2 欠熟紧密——少——30 20下二棚X 2 X2V 尚熟疏松稍薄稍有中35 15 微带中部 C 3 C3V 尚熟疏松中等有强40 10 青v 上部 B2 B2V 尚熟稍密稍厚有强40 103 B3V 尚熟稍密稍厚稍有中35 10尚疏松至稍稍薄1 GY1尚熟有——35 10密稍厚青黄色GY稍薄2 GY2 欠熟稍密至紧密稍有——30 20稍厚。

白肋烟

白肋烟国家标准1 范围本标准规定了白肋烟的分级技术要求、检测方法、检验规则、实物标样、包装、标志与贮运。

本标准适用于生产、调制、经过晾制或复烤而未经发酵的白肋烟。

以文字标准为主，辅以实物标准样品，是分级、收购的依据。

2 规范性引用文件下列文件中的条款通过本标准的引用而成为本标准的条款。

凡是注日期的引用文件，其随后所有的修改单(不包括勘误的内容)或修订版均不适用于本标准，然而，鼓励根据本标准达成协议的各方研究是否可使用这些文件的最新版本。

凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本适用于本标准。

GB／T 8170 数值修约规则YC／T 4 烟叶自由燃烧性的测定YC／T 6 烟叶储存保管方法分组、分级3．1 分组按烟叶着生部位划分为脚叶、下部、中部、上部、顶叶五个部位，部位特征见表l。

颜色由浅至深分为浅红黄、浅红棕、红棕三种颜色，另设杂色，颜色特征见表2。

表1 部位特征表2 颜色特根据烟㈠’的成熟度、身份、叶片结构、。

L面、光泽、颜色强度、宽度、长度、均匀度、损伤度品级要素判定级别。

分为脚叶组二个级；下部组五个级；中部组七个级；上部组六个级；顶叶三个级；顶、上、中下部组杂色各一个级；末级。

共二十八个级。

4 技术要求4.1 品级要素将每一个品级要素划分成不同的程度档次，并与有关的其他因素相应的程度档次相结合，以勾划出各级的质量状态，确定各等级的响应价值。

品质代号为：1－优、２－良、３－一般、４－差。

品级要素几程度见表３。

表３品级要素级程度4.2 品质规定表4 品质规定5 验收规则5.1 定级原则:白肋烟的成熟度、身份、叶面、光泽、颜色强度、宽度、长度、均匀度都达到某级规定，损伤度不超过某级允许时，才能定为某级。

5.2 同部位的烟叶在两种颜色的界线上，则视其身份和其他品质先定色后定级．5.3 苦黄烟叶、死青烟叶、霉烂烟叶、杈烟叶均为不列级5.4 杂色面积规定杂色面积超过20%的烟叶，在杂色组相应部位定级；CK、BK、允许杂色面积不超过30%，XK、TK不超过40%。

白肋烟新品种(系)主要农艺、经济及品质性状评价

广东农业科学
２１０１年第ｌ７期
１５
白肋烟新品种（）系主要农艺、经济及品质性状评价
李晓清，袁长玉，高艾飞，杨东荣，段孝林，陈红国
（恩施州烟草公司建始县烟叶分公司，湖北建始４５０）４３０摘要：９Ｐｌ、２９２２２、２８、４６和鄂烟１号（照）７个白肋烟品种（）对９２ｌＯＢ１２、０６、１６２０１２０对等系进行试验，果表明：０６产质结９２结果最好，叶外观质量较好，空胫病；１６质结果较好，烟抗２２产原烟外观质量比对照稍差，空胫病抗性强：４６质结果较好．对２０产原
ｌｗｅｏｕｔｏｎａｕｏｔｏｒｌａｄｈａｙｉｃｄｅｃｆＨｏｌｗｔｌ．ｏｒｐｒｄｃｉｎａｄｖｌｅｔｈｅｃｎｔｏｎｅｖｎｉｎｅｏｌｏｓａｋ
Ｋｅｒｓ：Ｂｕｌｙｔｂｃｏ；ｖｉｔｅｔａｔｅａｕｔｏｙｗｏｄｒｅｏａｃｒａｅｉｓ；ｒｉｖｌａｉｎ
ｎａｈｅｃｎｒｌｕｒｅｒｄｔｏｎａｕｏｔｅｃｎｒｓ，ｂａｎｉＨｏｌｗｔｌ．９９２１１ｏｄ１ａｅａｐａａｃ，ｂｔｏｖｏｓｙｅｒｔｏｔｏ，ｂｔｗｏｓｐｏｕｃｉｎａｄｖｌｅｔｈｏｔａｔｄａｔ— ｌｏｓａｋＰｇｏｅｖｐｅｒｎｅｕｂｉｕｌ
关键词：肋烟：品种：性状评价白

白肋烟

进口白肋中十四酸（肉豆蔻酸）和十六酸（棕榈酸）的含量明显高于国产白肋烟，十五酸、亚油酸及其甲基酯、2-乙酰基吡咯、苯乙醛和2-乙基戊醛略高于国产白肋烟。
国内外白肋烟非挥发性有机酸比较
●烟草中有机酸：挥发性低级脂肪酸、半挥发性高级脂肪酸和非挥发性二元、三元酸。 ●非挥发性有机酸：以柠檬酸、苹果酸、草酸为主。烤烟：苹果酸最高，草酸次之，柠檬酸最低。总含量7%左右。白肋烟：柠檬酸最高，草酸次之，苹果酸最低。总含量10%以上。
第二章白肋烟
（Burley Tobacco）
主要内容
●白肋烟植物学特征和品质特点 ●白肋烟对环境条件的要求 ●白肋烟栽培技术 ●白肋烟成熟采收与调制 ●白肋烟晾房建造
第一节白肋烟植物学特征和品质特点
一、起源二、植物学特征三、品质特点
一、白肋烟的起源

白肋----美国一个农民的名字; 后来应用到肯塔基州种植的深色烟草中;
282.6 278.5 247.8 239.4 98.0 103.4
降雨量 NC （mm）温度 LX NC
107.4 108.0 20.9 18.1 23.9 22.5
（℃） LX
3、光照
要求光照充足而不过份强烈。
如果低温阴雨天多，光照不足，会
导致早花。
4、大气湿度（relative humidity）
4、国内外部分白肋烟香味成分的对比分析
◆在所比较的40种香味成分中，国产白肋烟有31 种成分的含量明显高于进口白肋烟，有8种成分的含量与进口白肋烟接近。 ◆许多烟草重要的或关键的香味成分，如巨豆三烯酮、茄酮、大马酮、二氢大马酮、二氢猕猴桃内酯、金合欢基丙酮（法尼烯丙酮）、西柏三烯二醇等，国产白肋烟含量明显高于进口白肋烟，新植二烯的含量也差距很大，国产白肋烟的含量相当于进口白肋烟的2倍还多。

烤烟等级划分依据

烤烟等级划分依据集团公司文件内部编码：（TTT-UUTT-MMYB-URTTY-ITTLTY-目前，烟叶收购在即，如何准确划分烟叶等级，以确保烟叶收购质量。

工作在烟站一线的烟叶技术员们，应当未雨绸缪，结合以往的工作经验，及时掌握新的验级知识，进一步做好今年的烟叶收购工作。

一、烤烟等级标准（共分42级如表所示）二、烟叶外观质量烟叶外观质量，是指人们以感官可以作出判断的外在质量因素。

目前以眼观、手摸、鼻闻等方法，对烟叶外观质量进行感官判断。

判定烟叶外在质量的主要因素有：部位、颜色、成熟度、组织结构、身份、色度、宽度、长度、残伤与破损等。

烟叶部位：不同部位的烟叶质量有明显的差异。

分清部位就把不同性质、不同质量档次的烟叶大体上划分开。

就烤烟五个部位来讲，国内一般认为，上二棚、腰叶质量好，其次为下二棚、顶叶，脚叶最差。

白肋烟以中部叶质量为好。

香料烟以顶部叶质量为好。

烟叶颜色、色度：烟叶颜色是指烟叶调制后烟叶的相关色彩、色泽的状态。

烤烟以桔黄、桔红色烟叶质量最佳；白肋烟烟叶以近红黄、红黄质量为好；香料烟则以桔黄、金黄、深黄为好。

色度系，指烟叶表面颜色的饱和程度、均匀程度和光泽强度。

烤烟色度分为：浓、强、中、弱、淡五个档次。

烟叶成熟度：烟叶成熟度是指烟叶调制后成熟的程度。

是烟叶分级的核心因素。

成熟度好的烤烟烟叶外观：颜色桔黄、桔红，色度浓、组织结构疏松，有明显的成熟斑，燃烧性强，这种烟叶质量好、吸食香气足、吃味醇和。

抽吸时香味芬芳、浓度高，无青、杂怪味。

成熟度差的烟叶，颜色浅淡，且易褪色，有的带青甚至青黄色，组织结构密至紧密，还有的叶面光滑，此种烟叶质量差，吸味不好，有杂气。

成熟度分完熟、成熟、尚熟、假熟五个档次。

烟叶叶片结构：叶片结构是指烟叶发育程度和细胞排列的疏密程度，与部位、成熟度都有密切关系。

部位下松上密，成熟度好的疏松，成熟度差的紧密。

烤烟分疏松、上疏松、稍密、紧密四个档次，以疏松质量为好。

白肋烟分松、疏松、稍疏松、稍密、密五个档次，以稍疏松、疏松质量为好。

湖北白肋烟等级质量分析报告

41.湖北白肋烟等级质量分析报告汪开保，王宏伟，吴克松（安徽中烟工业公司芜湖卷烟厂,安徽省芜湖市芜石路135号，241002）摘要：通过对三个试验点7个等级的湖北白肋烟外观质量、感官质量、化学成分、物理指标、工业可用性及其相关性的研究，探求其等级质量特点及其差异规律。

结果表明：湖北白肋烟等级之间质量差距较大，试验点之间差距较小。

在外观等级质量上，整体呈现一定层次；在感官质量的特征香气、烟气强度和细腻程度上，各等级有一定差异；在化学指标上，不同等级差异较大，大多数化学指标较好，烟碱含量明显偏高，总挥发碱偏大，灰分含量高；在物理指标上，叶片厚度稍薄、单位面积重量较轻，但含梗率较低，整体来看，工业可用性较好。

在指标相关性上，白肋烟的总氮、pH值、蛋白质氮/总氮、总糖、叶片厚度、单位面积重量等指标与感官质量多项指标密切相关，且相关系数达到显著或极显著水平；叶片厚度、单位面积重量、平衡含水率与多项化学指标密切相关。

关键词：白肋烟；等级；质量；统计分析Analysis Report in Grade Quality of burley tobacco from HubeiWang Kai-bao Wang Hong-wei Wu Ke-song(Wuhu Cigarette Factory, Wuhu ,241002,Anhui,China)Abstract: In order to find quality characteristic and difference, Appearance,sensory,chemical composition,physical performance, usability and relativity of burley tobacco planting in Hu Bei were studied .The results indicated that:Difference in variant grade was remarkable other than tobacco from different area.Appearance as a whole vary clearly .Charaterristic aroma,smoke intensity and smooth differentiate from each parison with burley tobacco from American,content of nicotine and total volatile alkaloid and ash are higher.Concern with phsical index,thickness of lamina was litter thinner,weight of unit area was lighter,content of stem was lower.As a whole ,usability in industry was good.With regard to relation in all index,it is related to sensory quality that included total nitrogen,pH,protein nitrogen/total nitrogen,total sugar,weight per area.Correlation coefficient is prominent.Furthermore,lamina thickness,weight per area, balanced tobacco moisture content were related to various chemical constituents closely.Keywords:burley tobacco; grade; quality; statistics analysis白肋烟的质量直接影响混合型卷烟产品的质量。

Burley Tobacco

United StatesDepartment ofAgricultureAgriculturalMarketingServiceTobaccoDivisionOfficial Standard Grades,Burley TobaccoU.S. Type 31 and ForeignType 93Effective date (November 5, 1990)Official Standard Grades for Burley Tobacco(U.S. Type 31 and Foreign Type 93)Effective November 5, 1990 (55 F.R. 40645)Title 7, Chapter 1, Part 29Issued under authority ofThe Tobacco Inspection Act(49 Stat. 731; 7 U.S.C. 511)Washington, DC November 1990Official Standard Grades for Burley Tobacco(U.S. Type 31 and Foreign Type 93)DEFINITIONSDefinitions. As used in these standards, the words and phrases hereinafter defined shall have the indicated meanings so assigned.Air-cured. Tobacco cured under natural atmospheric conditions. Artificial heat is sometimes used to control excess humidity during the curing period to prevent house-burn and barn-burn in damp weather. Air-cured tobacco should not carry the odor of smoke or fumes resulting from the application of artificial heat.Air-dried. The condition of unfermented tobacco as customarily prepared for storage under natural atmospheric conditions.Body. The thickness and density of a leaf or the weight per unit of surface. (See Elements of quality .)Burley, Type 31. That type of air-cured tobacco, commonly known as Burley, produced principally in Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, North Carolina, Ohio, Indiana, West Virginia, and Missouri.Burley, Type 93. That type of air-cured tobacco commonly known as Foreign-grown Burley, produced in countries other than the United States.Buff color (L). A light yellow slightly shaded toward red.Class. A major division of tobacco based on method of cure or principal usage.Clean. Tobacco is described as clean when it contains only a normal amount of sand or soil particles. Leaves grown on the lower portion of the stalk normally contain more dirt or sand than those from higher stalk positions. (See Rule 20.)Color. The third factor of a grade, based on the relative hues, saturations or chroma, and color values common to the type.Color intensity. The varying degree of saturation or chroma. Color intensity as applied to tobacco describes the strength or weakness of a specific color or hue. It is applicable to all colors except variegated. Color intensity is reversed in its application to grades of greenish and green tobaccos and is omitted from these grade specifications. (See Elements of quality.)Color symbols. As applied to Burley, single color symbols are as follows: L -- buff, F -- tan, R --red, D -- dark red, K -- variegated, M -- mixed color, V -- greenish, and G -- green.Combination color symbols. As applied to Burley, combination color symbols are as follows: FL -- tannish buff, FR -- tannish red, VF -- greenish tan, VR -- greenish red, GF -- green tan, and GR -- green red. (See rules 17 and 18.)Condition. The state of tobacco which results from the method of preparation or from the degree of fermentation. Words used to describe the condition of tobacco are as follows: undried,air-dried, steam-dried, sweating, sweated, and aged. Burley is air-dried or steam-dried for storage and aging.Crude. A subdegree of maturity. Crude leaves are usually hard and slick as a result of extreme immaturity. A similar condition may result from sunburn or sunscald. Any leaf which is crude to the extent of 20 percent of its leaf surface may be described as crude. (See Rule 19.)Cured. Tobacco dried of its sap by either natural or artificial processes.Damage. The effect of mold, must, rot, black rot, or other fungous or bacterial diseases which attack tobacco in its cured state. Tobacco having the odor of mold, must, or rot is considered damaged. (See Rule 23.)Dark red color (D). A dark reddish brown.Dirty. The state of tobacco containing an abnormal amount of dirt or sand, or tobacco to which additional quantities of dirt or sand have been added. (See Rule 23.)Elements of quality. Elements of quality and the degrees used in the specifications of the official standard grades of Burley, Types 31 and 93, are shown in the elements of quality chart. Words have been selected to describe the degrees of each element. Some of the words are almost synonymous in their meaning, yet, they are sufficiently different to represent steps within the range of the elements of quality to which they are applied.Fiber. The term applied to the veins in a tobacco leaf. The large central vein is called the midrib or stem. The smaller lateral and cross veins are considered from the standpoint of size and color and in some types are treated as elements of quality. In Burley, fiber size and color are not of great importance, except where a fine distinction must be made between several lots of high quality or between sides of the same lot.Finish. The reflectance factor in color perception. Finish indicates the sheen or shine of the surface of a tobacco leaf. Descriptive terms range from bright to dingy. (See Elements of quality.)Foreign matter. Any extraneous substance or material such as stalks, suckers, straw, strings, rubber bands, etc . Abnormal amounts of dirt or sand also are included. (See Rule 23.)Form. The stage of preparation of tobacco such as unstemmed or stemmed.General color. The color of tobacco considered in relation to the type as a whole. General color is distinguished from the restricted use of the term “color” within a group. It is basically related to body and other overall characteristics of the type.General quality. The quality of tobacco considered in relation to the type as a whole. General quality is distinguished from the restricted use of the term “quality” within a group.Grade. A subdivision of a type according to group, quality, and color.Grademark. A grademark normally consists of three symbols which indicate group, quality, and color. A letter is used to indicate group, a number to indicate quality, and a letter or letters to indicate color. For example, C2F means Lugs, second quality, and tan color.Green (G). A color term applied to immature or crude tobacco. Any leaf which has a green color affecting 20 percent or more of its leaf surface may be described as green. (See Rule 18.)Greenish (V). A color term applied to greenish-tinged tobacco. Any leaf which has a greenish tinge or a pale green color affecting 20 percent or more of its surface may be described as greenish. (See Rule 17.)Group. A division of a type covering closely related grades based on certain characteristics which are related to stalk position or the general quality of the tobacco. Groups in Burley, Types 31 and 93, are as follows: Flyings (X), Lugs or Cutters (C), Leaf (B), Tips (T), Mixed (M), Nondescript (N), and Scrap (S).Injury. Hurt or impairment from any cause except the fungous or bacterial diseases which attack tobacco in its cured state. (See definition of Damage.) Injury to tobacco may be caused by field diseases, insects, or weather conditions; insecticides, fungicides, or cell growth inhibitors; nutritional deficiencies or excesses; or improper fertilizing, harvesting, curing, or handling. Injured tobacco includes dead, burnt, hail-cut, torn, broken, frostbitten, sunburned, sunscalded, scorched, fire-killed, bulk-burnt, steam-burnt, barn-burnt, house-burnt, bleached, bruised, discolored, or deformed leaves; or tobacco affected by wildfire, rust, frog- eye, mosaic, root rot, wilt, black shank, or other diseases. (See Elements of quality and Rule 14.)Leaf. Whole, unstemmed leaf. Leaf, when applied to tobacco in strip form, shall describe the divided unit of a whole leaf.Leaf scrap. A by-product of unstemmed tobacco. Leaf scrap results from handling unstemmed tobacco and consists of loose and tangled whole or broken leaves.Leaf structure. The cell development of a leaf as indicated by its porosity or solidity. (See Elements of quality.)Leaf surface. The smoothness or roughness of the web or lamina of a tobacco leaf. Leaf surface is affected to some extent by the size and shrinkage of the veins or fibers. (See Elements of quality.)Length. The linear measurement of cured tobacco leaves from the butt of the midrib to the extreme tip. Length, as an element of quality, does not apply to tobacco in strip form. (See Elements of quality.)Lot. A pile, basket, bulk, bale or bales, sheet, case hogshead, tierce, package, or other definite package unit.Maturity. The degree of ripeness. Tobacco is mature when it reaches its prime state of development. The extremes are expressed as immature and mellow. (See Elements of quality.)Mixed color (M). Distinctly different colors of the type mingled together. (See Rule 16.)Nested. Any lot of Type 31 tobacco which as has been loaded, packed or arranged to conceal foreign matter or tobacco of inferior grade, quality, or condition. Nested includes: (a) Any lot of tobacco which contains foreign matter, is damaged, injured, or tangled, or contains other inferior tobacco, any of which cannot be readily detected upon inspection because of the way the lot is packed or arranged; (b) Any lot of tobacco which consists of distinctly different grades, qualities or conditions and which is stacked or arranged with the same kinds together so that the tobacco in the lower portions of the lot is distinctly inferior in grade, quality or condition from the tobacco in the top portion of the lot. (See rule 24.)No grade. A designation applied to a lot of tobacco which is classified as offtype, rework, semicured, damaged 20 percent or more, abnormally dirty, contains foreign matter, and/or having an odor foreign to the type. (See rule 23.)No-G-Nested. A designation applied to a lot of Type 31 tobacco which is classified as nested. (See Rule 23.)Offtype. Tobacco of distinctly different characteristics which cannot be classified as Burley, Type 31 or 93. (See Rule 23.)Order (case). The state of tobacco with respect to its moisture content.Oriented. A term applied to Type 31 untied tobacco which denotes the arrangement of leaves in a straight and orderly manner. Oriented includes: (a) any lot of baled tobacco in which the leaves are packed parallel to the length of the bale with the butts to the outside and the tips of the leaves overlapping sufficiently to make a level, solid and uniform package; (b) any lot of sheeted tobacco in which the leaves are arranged in a circular pattern with the butts to the outside.Package. A hogshead, tierce, case, bale, or other securely enclosed parcel or bundle.Packing. A lot of tobacco consisting of a number of packages submitted as one definite unit for sampling or inspection. It is represented to contain the same kind of tobacco and has a common identification number or mark on each package.Pink or pinkish. A color term applied to pink or pinkish tobacco. Any leaf which has a pink or pinkish color affecting 20 percent or more of its leaf surface is considered as mixed color. (See Rule 16.)Quality. A division of a group or the second factor of a grade, based on the relative degree of one or more elements of quality in tobacco.Raw. Freshly harvested tobacco or tobacco as it appears between the time of harvesting and the beginning of the curing process.Red color (R). A brownish red.Rework. Any lot of Type 31 tobacco which needs to be restored or otherwise rearranged to prepare it properly for market, including: (a) tobacco which contains an abnormally large quantity of foreign matter or an unusual number of muddy or extremely dirty leaves which should be removed; (b) tobacco not properly tied in hands, not packed in bales approximately 1 x 2 x 3 feet, not oriented, not packed straight, bales not opened for inspection when chosen by a grader, lots exceeding and average bale weight of 100 pounds, or otherwise not properly prepared for market. (See rule 23.)Semicured. Tobacco in the process of being cured or which is partially but not thoroughly cured. Semicured includes tobacco which contains fat stems, wet butts, swell stems, frozen tobacco, and tobacco having frozen stems or stems that have not been thoroughly dried in the curing process. (See Rule 23.)Side. A certain phase of quality, color, or length as contrasted with some other phase of quality, color, or length; or any peculiar characteristic of tobacco.Sound. Free of damage.Special factor. A symbol or term authorized to be used with specified grades. Tobacco to which a special factor is applied may meet the general specifications but has a peculiar side or characteristic which tends to modify the grade. (See Rule 9.)Steam-dried. The condition of unfermented tobacco as customarily prepared for storage by means of a redrying machine or other steam-conditioning equipment.Stem. The midrib or large central vein of a tobacco leaf.Stemmed. A form of tobacco, including strips and strip scrap, from which the stems or midribs have been removed.Strength (tensile). The stress a tobacco leaf can bear without tearing. Tensile strength is not an important element of quality in Burley tobacco.Strips. The sides of a tobacco leaf from which the stem has been removed; or a lot of tobacco composed of strips.Subgrade. Any grade modified by a special factor symbol.Sweated. The condition of tobacco which has passed through one or more fermentations natural to tobacco packed with a normal percentage of moisture. This condition is sometimes described as aged.Sweating. The condition of tobacco in the process of fermentation.Tan color. A light red-yellow.Tannish-buff (FL). A light red-yellow shaded toward buff.Tannish-red color (FR). A light red shaded toward tan.Tobacco. Tobacco as it appears between the time it is cured and stripped from the stalk, or primed and cured, and the time it enters into the different manufacturing processes. The acts of stemming, threshing and sweating, and conditioning are not regarded as manufacturing processes. Tobacco, as used in these standards, does not include manufactured or semimanufactured products, stems, cuttings, clippings, trimmings, siftings, or dust.Tobacco products. Manufactured tobacco, including cigarettes, cigars, smoking tobacco, chewing tobacco, and snuff, which is subject to Internal Revenue tax.Type. A division of a class of tobacco having certain common characteristics and closely related grades. Tobacco which has the same characteristics and corresponding qualities, colors, and lengths is classified as one type, regardless of any factors of historical or geographical nature which cannot be determined by an examination of the tobacco.Undried. The condition of unfermented tobacco which has not been air-dried or steam-dried.Uniformity. An element of quality which describes the consistency of a lot of tobacco as it is prepared for market. Uniformity is expressed in grade specifications as a percentage. The percentage is applicable to group, quality, and color. (See Rule 13.)Unsound (U). Damaged under 20 percent. (See Rule 21.)Unstemmed. A form of tobacco, including whole leaf and leaf scrap, from which the stems or midribs have not been removed.Variegated (K). Any leaf of which 20 percent or more of its surface is yellow, grayish, mottled, or bleached, and does not blend with the normal colors of the type or group and is generally characterized by a lower degree of leaf structure and maturity than tobacco of the corresponding group and quality. (See Rule 15.)Wet (W). Any sound tobacco containing excessive moisture to the extent that it is in an unsafe or doubtful-keeping order. Wet applies to any tobacco which is not damaged but which is likely to damage if treated in the customary manner. (See Rule 22.)Width. The relative breadth of a tobacco leaf expressed in relation to its length. Width as an element of quality, does not apply to tobacco in strip form. (See Elements of quality.)ELEMENTS OF QUALITY AND DEGREE OF EACH ELEMENTBurley Tobacco, Types 31 and 93These standardized words or terms are used to describe tobacco quality and to assist in interpreting grade specifications. Tobacco attributes or characteristics which constitute quality are designated as elements of quality. The range within each element is expressed by the use of words or terms designated as degrees. These several degrees are arranged to show their relative value, but the actual value of each degree varies with type, group, and grade. In each class the first and last degrees represent the full range for the element, and the intermediate degrees show gradual steps between them.ELEMENTS DEGREES1 BODY Tissue Thin Medium Fleshy Heavy2 2 MATURITY Mellow Ripe Mature Underripe Immature3 LEAF STRUCTURE Porous Open Firm Close Solid4 LEAF SURFACE(Smoothness)Smooth Even Wavy Wrinkly Rough5 FINISH Bright Clear Moderate Dull Dingy6 COLOR INTENSITY Deep Strong Moderate Weak Pale7 WIDTH Broad Spready Normal Narrow Stringy8 LENGTH1/1/ 1/1/1/9 UNIFORMITY2/2/ 2/2/2/10 INJURY TOLERANCE2/2/ 2/2/ 2/1/Expressed in inches.2/Expressed in percentage.RULESRules. The application of these official standard grades shall be in accordance with the following rules.Rule 1. Each grade shall be treated as a subdivision of a particular type. When the grade is stated in an inspection certificate, the type also shall be stated.Rule 2. The determination of a grade shall be based upon a thorough examination of a lot of tobacco or of an official sample of the lot.Rule 3. In drawing an official sample from a hogshead or other package of tobacco, three or more breaks shall be made at such points and in such manner as the inspector or sampler may find necessary to determine the kinds of tobacco and the percentage of each kind contained in the lot. One break shall be made not more than six inches from the top of the package and one not more than six inches from the bottom. All breaks shall be made so that the tobacco contained in the center of the package is visible to the sampler. Tobacco shall be drawn from at least three breaks from which a representative sample shall be selected. The sample shall include tobacco of each different group, quality, color, length, and kind found in the lot in proportion to the quantities of each contained in the lot.Rule 4. The grade assigned to any lot of tobacco shall be a true representation of the tobacco at the time of inspection and certification. If, at any time, it is found that a lot of tobacco does not comply with the specifications of the grade previously assigned, it shall not thereafter be represented as such grade.Rule 5. A lot of tobacco on the marginal line between two colors shall be placed in the color with which it best corresponds with respect to body or other associated elements of quality.Rule 6. Any lot of tobacco which meets the specifications of two grades shall be placed in the higher grade. Any lot of tobacco on the marginal line between two grades shall be placed in the lower grade.Rule 7. A lot of tobacco meets the specifications of a grade when it is not lower in any degree of any element of quality than the minimum specifications of such grade.Rule 8. In determining the grade of a lot of tobacco, the lot as a whole shall be considered. Minor irregularities which do not affect over one percent of the tobacco shall be overlooked.Rule 9. Any special factor symbol, approved by the Director of the Tobacco Division of the Agricultural Marketing Service, may be used to show a peculiar side or characteristic of the tobacco which tends to modify the grade.Rule 10. Interpretations, the use of specifications, and the meaning of terms shall be in accordance with determinations or clarifications made by the Chief of the Standards Branchand approved by the Director.Rule 11. The use of any grade may be restricted by the Director during any marketing season, when it is found that the grade is not needed or appears in insufficient volume to justify its use.Rule 12. Any lot, except strip form, of Leaf (B Group) tobacco in which 20 percent or more of its leaves are under 16 inches in length shall be designated as Tips (T Group).Rule 13. Degrees of uniformity shall be expressed in terms of percentages. The percentages shall govern the portion of a lot which must meet the specifications of the grade. The minor portion must be closely related but may be of a different group, quality, and color from the major portion. These percentages shall not affect limitations established by other rules.Rule 14. The application of injury as an element of quality shall be expressed in terms of a percentage of tolerance. The appraisal of injury shall be based upon the percentage of affected leaf surface or the degree of injury. In appraising injury, consideration shall be given to the normal characteristics of the group as related to injury.Rule 15. Any lot of tobacco containing over 20 percent of variegated leaves shall be described as “variegated” and designated by the color symbol “K.”Rule 16. Any lot of tobacco of B, C, or X groups which contains 30 percent or more of pink or pinkish leaves or contains 30 percent or more of a color distinctly different from the major color shall be classified as “mixed” and designated by the color symbol “M.”Rule 17. Any lot of tobacco containing 20 percent or more of greenish leaves, or any lot which contains 20 percent of greenish and green leaves combined, shall be designated by the color symbol “V” in the C group and the combination color symbols “VF” or “VR” in the B and T groups.Rule 18. Any lot of tobacco containing 20 percent or more of green leaves, or any lot which is not crude but contains 20 percent or more of green and crude combined, shall be designated by the color symbol “G” in the X, C, and M groups and the combination color symbol “GF” and “GR” in the B and T groups.Rule 19. Crude leaves shall not be included in any grade of any color except green, green tan, and green red. Any lot containing 20 percent or more of crude leaves shall be designated as Nondescript.Rule 20. All standard grades must be clean.Rule 21. Tobacco damaged under 20 percent but which otherwise meets the specifications ofa grade shall be treated as a subgrade by placing the special factor “U” after the grademark. Tobacco damaged 20 percent or more shall be designated as “No - G.”Rule 22. Sound tobacco that is wet or is doubtful-keeping order but which otherwise meets the specifications of a grade shall be treated as a subgrade by placing the special factor “W” after the grademark. This special factor does not apply to tobacco designated as “No - G.”Rule 23. Tobacco shall be designated as No Grade, using the grademark, “No-G,” when it is dirty, offtype, semicured, needs to be reworked, damaged 20 percent or more, contains foreign matter, or has an odor foreign to the type.Rule 24. Tobacco in Type 31 shall be designated by the grademark “No-G-Nested” when it is nested.Rule 25. Tobacco in strip form which otherwise meets the specifications of a grade shall be treated as a subgrade by placing the special factor “S” preceding the grademark.GRADESFlyings (X Group). This group consists of leaves normally grown at the bottom of the stalk. These leaves are flat and open-faced and have a blunt or oblate tip. Compared with other groups on the stalk, Flyings consist of relatively thin to tissuey leaves which show the highest degree of maturity and the most open leaf structure. Flyings show a material amount of injury characteristic of leaves grown near the ground. (See Rule 14.)Grades Grade Names and SpecificationsX1L Choice Buff Flyings.Tissuey, mellow, open to porous, even, clear finish, strong color intensity, 95 percent uniform, and 5 percent injury tolerance.X2L Fine Buff Flyings.Tissuey, mellow, open to porous, even, moderate finish and color intensity, 90 percent uniform, and 10 percent injury tolerance.X3L Good Buff Flyings.Tissuey, ripe to mellow, open to porous, wavy, dull finish, weak color intensity, 80 percent uniform, and 20 percent injury tolerance.X4L Fair Buff Flyings.Tissuey, mature to ripe, open to porous, wrinkly to wavy, dingy finish, pale color intensity, 70 percent uniform, and 30 percent injury tolerance.X5L Low Buff Flyings.Tissuey, mature to ripe, open to porous, wrinkly, dingy finish, pale color intensity, 60 percent uniform, and 40 percent injury tolerance.X1F Choice Tan Flyings.Thin, mellow, open to porous, even, clear finish, strong color intensity, 95 percent uniform, and 5 percent injury tolerance.X2F Fine Tan Flyings.Thin, mellow, open to porous, even, moderate finish and color intensity, 90 percent uniform, and 10 percent injury tolerance.X3F Good Tan Flyings.Thin, ripe to mellow, open to porous, wavy, dull finish, weak color intensity,80 percent uniform, and 20 percent injury tolerance.X4F Fair Tan Flyings.Thin, mature to ripe, open to porous, wrinkly to wavy, dingy finish, pale color intensity, 70 percent uniform, and 30 percent injury tolerance.X5F Low Tan Flyings.Thin, mature to ripe, open to porous, wrinkly, dingy finish, pale color intensity, 60 percent uniform, and 40 percent injury tolerance.X4M Fair Mixed Color Flyings.Medium to tissuey body, mature to ripe, firm to porous, wrinkly to wavy, dingy finish, pale color intensity, 70 percent uniform, and 30 percent injury tolerance.X5M Low Mixed Color Flyings.Medium to tissuey body, mature to ripe, firm to porous, wrinkly, dingy finish, pale color intensity, 60 percent uniform, and 40 percent injury tolerance.X4G Fair Green Flyings.Medium to tissuey body, immature, firm, wrinkly to wavy, dingy finish, 70 percent uniform, and 30 percent injury tolerance.X5G Low Green Flyings.Medium to tissuey body, immature, firm, wrinkly, dingy finish, 60 percent ` uniform, and 40 percent injury tolerance.Lugs or Cutters (C Group). This group consists of leaves normally grown at the midportion of the stalk. Cured leaves from this stalk position have a tendency to roll, concealing the stem or midrib. Lugs or Cutters have an oblate to rounded tip and are usually thin to medium in body. The leaves are spready in relation to their length and show little or no ground injury.Grades Grade Names and SpecificationsC1L Choice Buff Lugs.Thin, ripe, open, smooth, bright finish, deep color intensity, broad, 20" or over in length, 95 percent uniform and 5 percent injury tolerance.C2L Fine Buff Lugs.Thin, ripe, open, smooth, bright finish, strong color intensity, spready, 20" or over in length, 90 percent uniform, and 10 percent injury tolerance.C3L Good Buff Lugs.Thin, ripe, open, even, clear finish, moderate color intensity, normal width, 18" or over in length, 85 percent uniform, and 15 percent injury tolerance.C4L Fair Buff Lugs.Thin, mature to ripe, firm to open, wavy to even, moderate finish, weak color intensity, narrow to normal width, 80 percent uniform, and 20 percent injurytolerance.C5L Low Buff Lugs.Thin, mature, firm to open, wavy dull finish, pale color intensity, narrow, 70 percent uniform, and 30 percent injury tolerance.C1F Choice Tan Lugs.Medium to thin body, ripe, open, smooth, bright finish, deep color intensity, broad, 20" or over in length, 95 percent uniform, and 5 percent injury tolerance.C2F Fine Tan Lugs.Medium to thin body, ripe, open, smooth, bright finish, strong color intensity, spready, 20" or over in length, 90 percent uniform, and 10 percent injury tolerance.C3F Good Tan Lugs.Medium to thin body, ripe, open, even, clear finish, moderate color intensity, normal width, 18" or over in length, 85 percent uniform, and 15 percent injurytolerance.C4F Fair Tan Lugs.Medium to thin body, mature to ripe, firm to open, wavy to even, moderate finish, weak color intensity, narrow to normal width, 80 percent uniform, and 20 percent injury tolerance.C5F Low Tan Lugs.Medium to thin body, mature, firm to open, wavy, dull finish, pale color intensity, narrow, 70 percent uniform and 30 percent injury tolerance.C3K Good Variegated Lugs.Medium body, ripe, open, even, normal width, 18" or over in length, 85 percent uniform, and 15 percent injury tolerance.C4K Fair Variegated Lugs.Medium body, mature to ripe, firm to open, wavy to even, narrow to normal width, 80 percent uniform, and 20 percent injury tolerance.C5K Low Variegated Lugs.Medium body, mature, close to firm, wavy, narrow, 70 percent uniform, and30 percent injury tolerance.C3M Good Mixed Color Lugs.Medium to tissuey body, mature to ripe, firm to open, even, moderate finish and color intensity, normal width, 18" or over in length, 85 percent uniform, and 15percent injury tolerance.C4M Fair Mixed Color Lugs.Medium to tissuey body, mature to ripe, firm to open, wavy to even, dull finish, weak color intensity, narrow to normal width, 80 percent uniform, and 20 percent injury tolerance.。

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白肋品质规定表
部位脚叶代号 P1 P2 X1F X2F 下部 X1L X2L X3 C1F C2F C3F 中部 C1L C2L C3L C4 B1F B2F 上部 B3F B1R B2R B3R T1 T2 T3 顶叶 TK BK CK XK N 成熟成熟过熟成熟成熟成熟熟过熟成熟成熟成熟成熟成熟成熟过熟成熟成熟熟成熟成熟熟成熟熟熟欠熟欠熟熟熟身份薄薄稍薄薄稍薄薄薄适中适中稍薄适中适中-稍薄稍薄稍薄适中-稍厚适中-稍厚稍厚稍厚稍厚-厚稍厚-厚稍厚-厚厚厚厚厚稍薄薄叶片结构松松疏松疏松疏松疏松松疏松疏松疏松疏松疏松疏松松尚疏松尚疏松稍密尚疏松稍密稍密稍密密密密密松松叶面稍皱稍皱展展展展稍皱舒展舒展展舒展舒展展展舒展展稍皱展稍皱皱稍皱皱皱皱皱展稍皱光泽暗暗亮中亮中暗明亮亮亮明亮亮中中亮亮中亮亮中中暗暗 —— —— —— —— 颜色强度差差中淡中差 —— 浓中淡浓中淡 —— 浓中淡浓中淡中淡差 —— —— —— —— 宽度窄窄中窄中窄窄阔宽中阔宽中中宽宽窄宽宽窄中窄窄窄窄中窄长度（cm） 35 30 45 40 45 40 40 55 50 45 55 50 45 45 55 50 45 50 50 45 45 40 30 30 45 45 40 均匀度（%） 70 60 80 70 80 70 60 90 85 80 90 85 80 70 90 85 80 90 85 80 80 70 60 —— —— —— —— 损伤度（%） 20 30 10 20 10 20 30 10 20 30 10 20 30 30 10 20 30 10 20 30 20 20 30 30 30 30 30 等级下下中中中下下上上上上上中中上上中上中中中下下下下下下下