经贸英语阅读教程Text 12(3)
研究生英语阅读教程(基础级2版)课文12及其翻译
Does Economic Growth (development) Improve Human Morale?By David G. Myers[1] During the mid-1980s my family and I spent a sabbatical year in the historic town of St. Andrews, Scotland. Comparing life there with life in America, we were impressed by a seeming disconnection between national wealth and well-being (happiness). To most Americans, Scottish life would have seemed Spartan. Incomes were about half that (income) in the U. S. Among families in the Kingdom of Fife surrounding (around) St. Andrews, 44 percent did not own a car, and we never met a family that owned two. Central heating in this place not far south of Iceland was, at that time, still a luxury.[2] In hundreds of conversations during our year there and during three half-summer stays since (since then), we repeatedly noticed that, despite (=in spite of) their simpler living, the Scots appeared no less joyful (happy) than Americans. We heard complaints about Margaret Thatcher, but never about being underpaid or unable to afford (pay for) wants (necessities). With less money there was no less satisfaction with living, no less warmth of spirit, no less pleasure (happiness) in one another's company. Are rich American is happier? [accompany sb. to somewhere][3] Within any country, such as our own, are rich people happier? In poor countries, such as Bangladesh and India, being relatively well off (rich) does make for (cause/ bring about) somewhat (a little) greater well being (happiness). Psychologically as well as (=and) materially, it is much better to be high caste than low caste. We humans need food, rest, warmth, and social contact.[4] But in affluent (rich) countries, where nearly everyone can afford life's necessities, increasing affluence matters (vi.) surprisingly little. In the USA, Canada, and Europe, the correlation between income and happiness is, as University of Michigan researcher Ronald Ingle-hart noted in 1980s 16-nation study, "surprisingly weak [indeed, virtually (actually) negligible]". Happiness is lower among the very poor. But once (they are) comfortable, more money provides diminishing returns. The second piece of pie, or the second $ 50, 000, never tastes as good as the first. So (As) far as happiness is concerned, it hardly matters (vi.) whether one drives a BMW or, like so many of the Scots, walks or rides a bus.[5] Even very rich people -- the Forbes' 100 wealthiest (richest) Americans surveyed by University of Illinois psychologist Ed Diener -- are only slightly happier than average (the ordinary people). With net (<->gross) worth all exceeding (surpassing) $ 100 million, providing ample (enough) money to buy things they don't need and hardly care about, 4 in 5 of the 49 people responding to the survey agreed that "Money can increase OR decrease happiness, depending on how it is used." And some (people) were indeed unhappy. One fabulously (extremely) wealthy man said he could never remember being happy. One woman reported that money could not undo (correct) misery caused by her children's problems. Does economic growth improve human morale? (net weight<->gross weight)[6] We have scrutinized (examined) the American dream of achieved wealth and well-being (happiness) by comparing rich and unrich countries, and rich and unrich people. That (analysis) leaves the final question: Over time (in the long run), does happiness rise (increase) with affluence (wealth)?[7] Typically (Absolutely) not. Lottery winners appear (seem) to gain (get) but (only) a temporary jolt of joy (happiness) from (because of) their winnings. Looking back, they feeldelighted (happy) to have won. Yet the euphoria doesn't last (vi.). In fact, previously enjoyed activities such as reading may become less pleasurable (pleasant). Compared to the high (high spirit) of winning a million dollars, ordinary pleasures (become) pale.[8] On a smaller scale, a jump in our income can boost (promote/ increase) our morale, for a while (a short time). "But in the long run," notes Inglehart, "neither an ice cream cone nor a new car nor becoming rich and famous produces（bring about）the same feelings of delight that it initially did. Happiness is not the result of being rich, but a temporary consequence (result) of having recently become richer." Ed Diener's research confirms that those whose incomes have increased over a 10-year period are not happier than those whose income has not increased. Wealth, it therefore seems, is like health: Although its utter (complete) absence can breed (produce/ lead to) misery, having it does not guarantee happiness. Happiness is less a matter of getting what we want than of wanting (enjoy) what we have.Are we happier today?[9] We can also ask whether, over time, our collective (total/ comprehensive) happiness has floated upward (increase) with the rising economic tide. Are we happier today than in 1940, when two out of five homes (families) lacked a shower or bathtub, heat often meant feeding a furnace wood or coal, and 35 percent of homes had no toilet? Or consider 1957, when economist John Galbraith was about to describe the United States as The Affluent Society. Americans' per person income, expressed in today's dollars, was less than $ 8,000. Today it is more than $ 16, 000, thanks to increased real wages into the 1970s, increased nonwage income, and the doubling of married women's employment. Compared to 1957, we are therefore "the doubly affluent society"—with double what money buys including twice as many cars per person, not to mention microwave ovens, big screen color TVs, home computers, and $ 200 billion a year spent in restaurants and bars -- two and a half times our 1960 inflation-adjusted restaurant spending per person. From 1960 to 1990, the percentage of us with·dishwashers zoomed from 7 to 45 percent, (zoom in=enlarge<->zoom out)·clothes dryers rose from 20 to 69 percent,·air conditioners soared from 15 to 70 percent.Not best of times (for) the human spirit (morale)[10] So, believing that a little more money would make us a little happier, and having seen our affluence ratchet upward little by little over nearly four decades, are we now happier?[11] We are not (happy at all). Since 1957, the number telling the University of Chicago's National Opinion Research Center that they are "very happy" has declined from 35 to 30 percent. Twice as rich, and a little less happy. In fact, between 1956 and 1988, the percentage of Americans saying they were "pretty (very) well satisfied with your present financial situation" dropped from 42 to 30 percent. [live/ lead a happy/ miserable life][12] We are also more often downright (completely) miserable. Among Americans born since World War II, depression has increased dramatically –tenfold (ten times), reports University of Pennsylvania clinical researcher Martin Seligman. Today's 25-year-olds are much more likely (possible) to recall a time in their life when they were despondent (depressed) and despairing than are their 75-year-old grandparents, despite the grandparents having had many more years to suffer all kinds of disorder, from broken legs to the anguish of depression. Researchers debate the actualextent (degree) of rising depression... but no matter how we define depression, the findings (discoveries) persist. Today's youth and young adults have grown up with much more affluence, slightly less overall happiness, and much greater risk of depression, not to mention tripled teen suicide and all the other social pathologies we have considered (discussed). Never has a culture (nation) experienced such physical comfort combined with such psychological misery. Never have we felt so free, or had our prisons so overstuffed. Never have we been so sophisticated (complicated) about pleasure, or so likely to suffer broken relationships.[13] These are the best of times materially, "a time of elephantine (great) vanity and greed" observes Garrison Keillor, but they are not the best times for the human spirit. William Bennett, no critic of free market economies, is among those who recognize (find) the futility (uselessness) of economics without ethics and money without a mission (goal/ purpose): "If we have full employment and greater economic growth -- if we have cities of gold and alabaster -- but our children have not learned how to walk in goodness, justice, and mercy, then the American experiment, not matter how gilded (beautiful), will have failed." (1, 208 words)ABOUT THE AUTHORDavid Myers is a social psychologist and a communicator (writer) of psychological science to college students and the general public.EXERCISESAnswer the following questions or complete the following statements.1. What struck the author during his stay in St. Andrews, Scotland?A. The historic town of St. Andrews, Scotland.B. Obvious disconnection between national wealth and well-being.C. The natural beauty of St. Andrews, Scotland.D. The unwealthy yet peaceful life in St. Andrews, Scotland.2. What did the Scots think about their simple life?A. They were unsatisfied with the simple life and complained a lot.B. They blamed Margaret Thatcher for the poor living standard.C. They never complained, though they were unable co afford wants.D. They were happy and satisfied with their simple life.3. What's the difference that affluence makes between poor countries and rich ones?A. In poor countries, affluence matters surprisingly little while in rich countries affluence matters a great deal.B. In poor countries, affluence doesn't matter while in rich countries affluence matters a great deal.C. Increasing affluence means the same for people both in rich countries and in poor ones.D. Affluence makes great difference in poor countries while it matters surprisingly little in rich ones.4. What does the author imply by "The second piece of pie never tastes as good as the first."?A. You will never have the same feeling if you are full.B. Driving a BMW is the same as walking or riding a bike once you have enough to eat.C. Once people have enough income for comfortable life, then more income provides diminishing returns.D. For the poor people they will not refuse to have something more.5. What is the attitude of the wealthiest Americans towards money and happiness?A. Money could either increase or decrease happiness, depending on how it is used.B. Money could increase or decrease happiness, depending on how much money one owns.C. Money could not bring happiness but troubles.D. Money could bring neither happiness nor troubles.6. According to the author, what is the consequence of becoming rich?A. Troubles.B. A high spirit.C. Miseries.D. Temporary happiness.7. Why does the author say that wealth is like health?A. Health and wealth are both blessings, yet having both does not ensure happiness.B. The more wealth one has, the happier one is.C. One will never be happy if he is rich, but in poor health.D. Both money and health are essential to happiness.8. What are the causes of the rising income of Americans?A. Increased real wages and decreased nonwage income.B. Decreased nonwage income and working women.C. Increased nonwage income and more married working women.D. Increased real wages but decreased married women's employment.9. What is culturally typical of today's American society?A. More affluent and more comfortable.B. Physical comfort combined with psychological misery.C. More affluent yet less comfortable.D. More affluent and less psychologically depressed.10. What's the main idea of the passage?A. Wealth can't ensure the improvement of human morale.B. People in poor countries enjoy life more than those do in poor countries.C. Human beings need both health and wealth in order to have a happy life.D. It is the best time for human wealth as well as happiness.II. VocabularyA. Choose the best word from the tour choices to complete each of the following sentences.1. In 1977, I took my first ever _____ year and spent a couple of months at the Australian National University in Canberra.A. underpaidB. sabbaticalC. prosperousD. affluent2. He has had _____ opportunity to exercise leadership, which he almost invariably directs along positive channels, and has improved in the various skills.A. ampleB. utter (complete/ thorough)C. messyD. greedy3. Presumably (perhaps) they are paid their _____ salaries to spot (look for) errors such as these.A. despairingB. fabulous (unbelievable)C. depressingD. sympathetic4. It still depends on flow-patterns, even when the air is so thin as to be almost _____.A. diminishingB. tripledC. negligibleD. perceivable (=comprehensive)5. This would carry with it a responsibility on their part to help devise (design) the tests, or atleast to _____ their content.A. boost (increase/ promote)B. breadC. guaranteeD. scrutinize (examine)6. But he was already affected (influenced) by a(n) _____ which induced courage and recklessness.A. euphoriaB. mission (task)C. (idea->) ideologyD. bewilderment (confusion)7. Not only was there physical weakness but also intense loneliness and sometimes mental_____ due to (because of) lack of occupation (job) in the "workhouse" (workshop/ factory/ company) and the chronic sick wards.A. moraleB. enthusiasmC. starvation (=hanger)D. anguish(extreme pain)8. Worst of all is the sense (feeling) of utter (thorough) _____ because it is far too late to change anything.A. luxuryB. possessionC. futilityD. dominance9. The (mode<->) mood was (desperate->) despairing, _____ and war-weary pathetic (poor/pitiful) rather than rebellious.A. deficientB. destructiveC. despondent (depressed)D. declining (fall)10. She was born friendly and intelligent with none of the _____ so often associated with beautiful women.A. vanityB. casteC. lotteryD. eternity (eternal: adj.)B. Choose the best word or expression from the list given for each blank. Use each word or expression only once and make proper changes where necessary.well off necessity diminish undo persistwell-being underpay downright zoom delight1. This suggests that Sterling's strength, unwelcome though it seemed, may actually have been conductive (helpful) to Britain's economic well-being (health/ development).2. The coal miners complain that they are ridiculously underpaid, especially as the work is so dangerous.3. We have seen the value of our house diminish substantially (considerably) over the last six months.4. It's very difficult to u ndo (correct) the damage that's caused by inadequate (improper) parenting (parental education) in a child's early years.5. The company's benefits zoomed (increase) from nil (zero/ naught) in 1981 to about $ 16 million last year. (zoom in=enlarge; zoom out)6. But she was an orphan, and the uncle and aunt with whom she lived were not at all well off (rich).7. For some women at this stage, cooking can become an absorbing (attractive) hobby rather than the necessity of life it was when there were others to feed -- a social pleasure or simply (only) a personal indulgence (favor/ preference).8. Those words uttered (spoken) by some political leaders would sound banal (cliché) and from one or two others downright phony (adj. n. false).9. Call your doctor for advice if symptoms persist for more than a few days.10. Yet there is much of scenic and historic interest here to delight (make sb. happy/ happiness)the leisurely visitor. (scene->scenery->scenic)III. ClozeThere are ten blanks in the following passage. Read the passage ea fully and choose the best answer front the four chokes given below the passage.Millions of people, especially in cities, find that life has become a dizzying and exhausting (tiring/ tiresome) rush (run). This is particularly (especially) so in Western lands (countries). At a recent meeting in the United States, a speaker asked his audience to 1 raise their hands if they felt tired much of the time (most of the time). Instantly, 2 a sea of hands went up. (If you can make it in New York, you can make it anywhere else; make it=succeed/ make a living) The book Why Am I So Tired? says: "Modern life is full oflist is endless."In years 4 gone (passed) by, life was simpler, and the pace of life was slower. People tended to live more peacefully (live in harmony). Daytime was for work, and nighttime was for one's family and for bed. Today, there are a number of reasons why people feel 5 increasingly tired and fatigued.One factor may be that people sleep less. And one of the more significant (important) developments that caused the change was the, 6 arrival of the electric light. With the flick of a humans could control the length of the "day", and people soon began 7(=sitting up late). Indeed, many had little choice in the matter because factories began to operate 8 around the clock and service industries extended their hours.Other technological radio, TV, and the personal computer, havealso played a role (part) in10 turn up (turn out/ appear) at work sleepy and tired after a long night's viewing (watching). Home computers, and the endless distractions that they offer, also tempt (attract) millions to stay up late.1. A. rise B. arise C. raise D. arouse2. A. a sea of B. a flock of C. a bunch of D. a band of3. A. interests B. advances C. tensions D. conflicts4. A. to come B. gone by C. to go D. passed away5. A. greatly B. intensively C. increasingly D. comprehensively6. A. display B. arrival C. demonstration D. announcement7. A. keeping on B. staying up C. sitting about D. standing for8. A. the clock round B. against the clock C. by the clock D. around the clock9. A. disturbing B. dividing C. detecting D. depriving10. A. tune in B. tear off C. turn up D. take inIV. TranslationPut the following ports into Chinese.1. To most Americans, Scottish life would have seemed Spartan. Incomes were about half that in the U. S. Among families in the Kingdom of Fife surrounding St. Andrews, 44 percent did notown a car, and we never met a family that owned two. Central heating in this place not far south of Iceland was, at that time, still a luxury.对绝大多数美国人而言，苏格兰人的生活可称得上清贫，其收入大约仅为美国人的一半。
经贸英语阅读教程Text 1(3)
4. trade barrier 贸易壁垒 A general term that describes any government policy or regulation that restricts international trade. The barriers can take many forms, including import duties, import licenses, export licenses, import quotas, tariffs, subsidies, non-tariff barriers to trade. 5. farm subsidy 农产品补贴 A government subsidy paid to farmers and agribusinesses to supplement their income, manage the supply of agricultural commodities,
Hale Waihona Puke 3. the Doha round 多哈回合谈判
The world Trade Organization (WTO) conducts negotiations through what is called rounds. The Doha Development Round is the current trade-negotiation round which commenced with a ministerial-level meeting at Doha, Qatar in November 2001. The Doha Round’s objective is to lower trade barriers around the world, permitting free trade between countries of varying prosperity.
unit 12 英语泛读教程第三册
Unit 12 Why Are Y ou So Smart?ⅠObjectives1.Understanding the text2.Mastery of some language points3. Learning the hereditary factors that determine thought process2. Mastery of some difficult language points3. Learning the hereditary factors that determine thought processdetermine thought process2. Students might have difficulty in some of the words and phrases.3.Students need to learn some general knowledge of genes and their influeceIV Time ArrangementAbout two periods of class will be used for the analysis and discussion of the passage itself.Total class hours: three periodsAbout the author:Karen E. Wright, Ph.D. Associate Member, Department of Educational Psychology and Special Education, and Associate Professor, College of Nursing.Teaching areas: Counseling; family dynamics; grief, loss and bereavement; health and wellness.Research interests: Loss, grief & bereavement; grief & bereavement counseling; family coping; health psychology; child & adolescent development; quality of life; chronic & terminal illness; counselor education; women's issues.2. Text analysis1) Warm-up question:Have you ever taken a IQ test? Do you believe it? What is the advantage and disadvantage of being measured by such test?2) Language notes:1. whether you wind up in jail.(是否你将身陷牢狱。
经贸英语阅读试卷及参考答案
一、翻 (Put the following economic terms intoChinese)(10 分 )1、import duty2、firm price3、commercial banks4、economic recession5、conglomerate6、disposable income7、United Nations Conference on Trade and Development8、net worth9、futures market10、 sluggish demand二、用英解划部分(Explain in English the underlined parts ofthe following sentences)(10分)1、The U.S. is also setting out this year to arrest the declinein its exports if⋯(1分)2、To pull the deal off,the two sides⋯(2分)3、That would knock＄20 billon off the＄150 billion US tradedeficit ⋯(1 分)4、If those products live up to their early performance in testmarkets,they could produce＄3 billion a yeat in retail sales.(1分)5、In the European Community,the subject of Japan is guaranteedto elicit emotion, ⋯(2 分)6、To steal thunder from Democratic protectionists,⋯(2分)7、Developing countries are feeling a pinch in several places.(1分)三、翻 (Translation)(1)英 (Translate the following sentences into English)(10) 1、政府支持本国企参加国市争。
新编经贸英语阅读第一至第三单元答案及参考译文
第一至第三单元Keys to unit 1Text A1) Omit.2) Economics studies the choices made by people who are faced with scarcity.3) Scarcity is a situation in which resources are limited and can be used in different ways, so we must sacrifice one thing for another.4) The resources are limited, and they can be used in different ways.5） Omit.6） Because of scarcity, people must make difficult choices: You must decide how to spend your time; the city must decide how to use its land.7) Omit.8) Together, the choices made by individuals, firms, and governments determine society's choices9) 1. What goods and services do we produce?2. How do we produce these goods and services?3. Who consumes the goods and services that are produced?10) For example, if we devote more resources to medical care, we have fewer resources for education and consumer goods. If we increase the number of people working in factories, we have fewer people to work on farms and in the classroom. Ⅱ. Translate the followings:Part APartBPart C1) 人类有多种需要和需求。
英语阅读12年第三篇
英语阅读12年第三篇As a student, the 12th year of English reading can be quite challenging. The texts are more complex, and the vocabulary is more advanced. It requires a deeper level of understanding and analysis. This can be overwhelming for some students, especially those who struggle with language arts. However, it is important to approach this challenge with a positive attitude and a willingness to learn. With the right mindset and study habits, it is possible to excel in English reading at this level.One of the main difficulties in 12th-year English reading is the comprehension of complex texts. These texts often contain sophisticated language and intricate themes that require a higher level of critical thinking. It can be easy to feel intimidated by the depth and complexity of the material. However, it is important to remember that with patience and perseverance, it is possible to grasp the meaning and significance of these texts. Developing strong comprehension skills is essential for success in Englishreading at this level.In addition to comprehension, 12th-year English reading also demands a strong vocabulary. The texts often contain words that are unfamiliar and require a deeper understanding of their meanings. Building a robust vocabulary is crucial for fully understanding and engaging with the material. It is important to actively seek out new words, learn their definitions, and incorporate them into everyday language. This will not only enhance comprehension but also improve overall communication skills.Another challenge in 12th-year English reading is the need for critical analysis. The texts often present complex ideas and themes that require a deeper level of interpretation. It is important to approach the material with a critical eye and an open mind. This means being willing to question, analyze, and evaluate the content. Developing strong critical thinking skills is essential for engaging with the material at a higher level.Furthermore, 12th-year English reading also requires astrong grasp of literary devices and techniques. The texts often employ various literary elements such as symbolism, imagery, and figurative language. Understanding how these devices contribute to the overall meaning of the text is essential for a comprehensive understanding. It is important to pay close attention to the use of these devices and their impact on the reader's interpretation of the material.Overall, 12th-year English reading presents a variety of challenges that require a proactive and positive approach. It is important to develop strong comprehension, vocabulary, critical thinking, and literary analysis skills to excel at this level. With dedication and persistence, it is possible to overcome these challenges and fully engage with the material. Embracing the complexity of the texts and approaching them with an open mind will ultimately lead to a deeper understanding and appreciation of English literature.。
经贸英语阅读教程Text 3(3)精编版
I. Related Words and Expressions beggar-thy-neighbour policy antidumping countervailing duty litigator Brics group appreciation sluggish
峰会召开以来，世界各国政府共实施了496项以邻为 壑的政策措施。
Buy-local campaigns, like putting up a tariff during a depression, are clearly a beggar-thy-neighbour policy. 购买国货运动，就像在经济萧条时期提高关税一样， 显然是一种以邻为壑的政策。
经济政策是国家或政府为了达到充分就业、 价格水平稳定、经济快速增长、国际收支平衡等 宏观经济政策的目标，为增进经济福利而制定的 解决经济问题的指导原则和措施。经济政策有宏 观经济政策和微观经济政策之分。宏观经济政策 包括财政政策、货币政策、收入政策等；微观经 济政策是指政府制定的一些反对干扰市场正常运 行的立法以及环保政策等。
“全球贸易预警”组织由总部位于英国伦敦 的经济政策研究中心发起，由世界银行、国际发 展研究中心等共同支持成立。该组织是一个专门 提供当前经济危机下各国采取贸易保护主义措施 信息的独立机构，其致力于总结并分析自2008年 11月匹兹堡峰会后各国采取的贸易保护主义措施。 至2012年5月，“全球贸易预警”组织共发布了11 份全球贸易保护主义警告报告。
6. beggar-thy-neighbour policy 以邻为壑政 策
In economics, a beggar-thy-neighbour policy is an economic policy through which one country attempts to remedy its economic problems by means that tend to worsen the economic problems of other countries.
经贸英语阅读复习
选词填空As is known to all, the management of wages and salaries are very complex. Generally speaking, the Accounting Department is responsible for calculations of pay, while the Personnel Department is interested in discussions with the employees about pay.众所周知,管理、工资、薪金却非常复杂。
一般来说,会计部门负责计算缴纳的,而人事部门感兴趣的讨论关于报酬的员工。
If a firm wants to adopt a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the firm should decide on a method of job evaluation and ways of measuring the performance of its employees. In order to be successful, that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade Unions and employers. In job evaluation, all of the requirements of each job are defined in a detailed job description. Each of those requirements is given a value, usually in "points", which are added together to give a total value for the job. For middle and higher management, a special method is used to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the job, their responsibility, and their ability to solve problems. Because of the difficulty in measuring management work, however, job grades for managers are often decided without reference to an evaluation system based on points.如果一家公司想采用一种新的工资结构,它是必要的,这家公司应该决定工作评估方法和途径的测量性能的员工。
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Text 12 Americans Save So Little, but What Can Be Done to Change That
I. Related Words and Expressions compound interest savings rate revolving credit income disparity
4. no matter 不管、不论（与what, when, where, which, who, whom, whose, how等连用）。如： We must learn to do economic work from all who know how, no matter who they are. 我们必须向一切内行的人们学经济工作， 不管他们是什么人。 No matter how difficult it is, we must finish it tonight. 工作再难，我们也得今晚完成。 Let him call me no matter when he comes back. 不管他什么时候回来都让他给我来个电话。
3. Consign one’s children to inferior school. 送 孩子到差一点的学校。 inferior 低劣的，次的 inferior in 在……方面低劣 This cargo is inferior in packaging. 这批货物包装很差。 inferior to 比……低劣 Their quality is inferior to other manufacturer’s. 他们的质量比别的厂家的低。