2015套题(一)
2015年12月英语六级真题卷第一套(含答案)
2015年12月份真题（第一套）Part I WritingDirection: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short eaasy based on the picture below. You should focus on the difficulty in acquiring useful information in spite of advanced information technology. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words."We have lots of information technology. We just don't have much useful information."PartⅢ Reading ComprehensionSection AAs it is, sleep is so undervalued that getting by on fewer hours has become a badge of honor. Plus, we live in a culture that_____(37)to the late-nighter, from 24-hour grocery stores to online shopping sites that never close. It's no surprise, then, that more than half of American adults don't get the 7 to 9 hours of shut-eye every night as_____(38)by sleep experts.Whether or not we can catch up on sleep-on the weekend, say-is ahotly_____(39)topic among sleep researches. The latest evidence suggests that while it isn't_____(40), it might help. When Liu, the UCLA sleep researcher and professor of medicine, brought_____(41)sleep-restricted people into the lab for a weekend of sleep during which they logged about 10 hours per night, they showed_____(42)in the ability of insulin(胰岛素)to process blood sugar. That suggests that catchup sleep may undo some but not all of the damage that sleep_____(43)causes, which isencouraging given how many adults don't get the hours they need each night. Still, Liu isn't_____(44)to endorse the habit of sleeping less and making up for it later.Sleeping pills, while helpful for some, are not_____(45)an effective remedy either. “A sleeping pill will_____(46)one area of the brain, but there's never going to be a perfect sleeping pill, because you couldn't really replicates(复制)the different chemicals moving in and out of different parts of the brain to go through the different stages of sleep," says Dr.Nancy Collop, director of the Emory University Sleep Center.A.alternativelyB.catersC.chronicallyD.debatedE.deprivationF.idealG.improvementsH.necessarilyI.negotiated J.pierce K.presumption L.readyM.recommended N.surpasses O.targetSection BClimate change may be real, but it's still not easy being green.[A]The road to climate hell is paved with our good intentions. Politicians may tackle polluters while scientists do battle with carbon emissions. But the most pervasive problem is less obvious: our own behavior. We get distracted before we can turn down the heating. We break our promise not to fly after hearing about a neighbour's trip to India. Ultimately, we can't be bothered to change our attitude. Fortunately for the planet, social science and behavioural economics may be able to do that for us.[B]Despite mournful polar bears and charts showing carbon emissions soaring, most people find it hard to believe that global warming will affect them personally. Recent polls by the Pew Research Centre in Washington, DC, found that 75-80 per cent of participants regarded climate change as an important issue. But respondents ranked it last on a list of priorities.[C]This inconsistency largely stems from a feeling of powerlessness. "When we can't actually remove the source of our fear, we tend to adapt psychologically by adopting a range of defence mechanisms," says Tom Crompton, change strategist for the environmental organization Word Wide Fund for Nature.[D]Part of the fault lies with our inner caveman. Evolution has programmed humans to pay most attention to issues that will have an immediate impact. "We worry mostabout now because if we don't survive for the next minute, we're not going to be around in ten years' time," says Professor Elke Weber of the Centre for Research on Environmental Decision at Columbia University in New York. If the Thames for Research on Environmental Decision at Columbia University in New York. If the Thams were lapping around Big Ben, Londoners wound face up to the problem of emissions pretty quickly. But in practice, our brain discounts the risks-andbenefits-associated with issues that lie some way ahead.[E]Matthew Rushworth, of the Department of Experimental Psychology at the University of Oxford, sees this in his lab every day. "One of the ways in which all agents seem to make decisions is that they assign a lower weighting to outcomes that are going to be further away in the future," he says. "This is a very sensible way for an animal to make decisions in the wild and would have been very helpful for humans for thousands of years."[F] Not any longer. By the time we wake up to the threat posed by climate changes, it could well be too late. And it we're not going to make rational decisions about the future, others may have to help us to do so.[G] Few political libraries are without a copy of Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health. Wealth and Happiness, by Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein. They argue that governments should persuade us into making better decisions-such as saving more in our pension plans-by changing the default options. Professor Weber believes that environmental policy can make use of similar tactics. If, for example, building codes included green construction guidelines, most developers would too lazy to challenge them.[H] Defaults are certainly part of the solution. But social scientists are most concerned about crafting messages that exploit our group mentality(心态). "We need to understand what motivates people, what it is that allows them to make change." says Professor Neil Adger, of the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research in Norwich. "It is actually about what their peers think of them, what their social norms are, what is seen as desirable in society." In other words, our inner caveman is continually looking over his shoulder to see what the rest of the tribe are up to.[I] The passive attitude we have to climate change as individuals can be altered by continuing us in-and measuring us against-our peer group. "Social norms are primitive and elemental," says Dr.Robert Cialdini, author of Influence: ThePsychology of Persuasion. "Birds flock together, fish school together, cattle herd together…… just perceiving norms is enough to cause people to adjust their behavior in the direction of the crowd."[J] These norms can take us beyond good intensions. Caldini conducted a study in San Diego in which coat hangers bearing messages about saving energy were hung on people's doors. Some of the messages mentioned the environment, some financial savings, others social responsibility. But it was the ones that mentioned the actions of neighbours that drove down power use.[K] Other studies show that simply providing the facility for people to compare their energy use with the local average is enough to cause them to modify their behaviour. The Conservatives plan to adopt this strategy by making utility companies print the average local electricity and gas usage on people's bills.[L] Social science can also teach politicians how to avoid our collective capacity for self-destructive behavior. Environmental campaigns that tell us how many people drive SUVs unwittingly(不经意地)imply that this behavior is widespread and thus permissible. Cialdini recommends some careful framing of the message. "Instead of normalizing the undesirable buys yet another SUV, it reduces our ability to be energy-independent."[M] Tapping into how we already see ourselves is crucial. The most successful environmental strategy will marry the green message to our own sense of identify. Take your average trade union member, chances are they will be politically motivated and be used to collective action-much like Erica Gregory. A retired member of the Public and Commercial Services Union, she is setting up one of 1,100 action groups with the support of Climate Solidarity, a two-year environmental campaign aimed at trade unionists.[N] Erica is proof that a great-grandmother can help to lead the revolution if you get the psychology right-in this case, by matching her enthusiasm for the environment with a fondness for organizing groups. "I think it's a terrific idea," she says of the campaign. "The union backing it makes members think there must be something in it." She is expecting up to 20 people at the first meeting she has called, at her local pub in the Cornish village of Polperro.[O] Nick Perks, project director for Climate Solidarity, believes this sort of activity is where the future of environmental action lies. "Using existing civil society structures or networks is a more effective way of creating change…… andobviously trade unions are one of the biggest civil society networks in the UK," he says. The "Love Food, Hate Waste" campaign entered into a collaboration last year with another such network-the Women's Institute. Londoner Rachel Taylor joined the campaign with the aim of making new friends. A year on, the meetings have made lasting changes to what she throws away in her kitchen. "It's always more of an incentive if you're doing it with other people," she says. "It motivates you more if you know that you've got to provide feedback to a group."[P]The power of such simple psychology in fighting climate change is attracting attention across the political establishment. In the US, the House of Representatives Science Committee has approved a bill allocating $10 million a year to studying energy-related behavior. In the UK, new studies are in development and social scientists are regularly spotted in British government offices. With the help of psychologists, there is fresh hope that we might go green after all.47. When people find they are powerless to change a situation, they tend to live with it.48. To be effective, environmental messages should be carefully framed.49. It is the government's responsibility to persuade people into making environment-friendly decisions.50. Politicians are beginning to realise the importance of enlisting psychologists' help in fighting climate change.51. To find effective solutions to climate change, it is necessary to understand what motivates people to make change.52. In their evolution, humans have learned to pay attention to the most urgent issues instead of long-term concerns.53. One study shows that our neighbours' actions are influential in changing our behavior.54. Despire clear signs of global warming, it is not easy for most people to believe climate change will effect their own lives.55. We should take our future into consideration in making decisions concerning climate change before it is too late.56. Existing social networks can be more effective in creating in people's behaviour. Section CPassage OneMore than a decade ago, cognitive scientists John Bransfgord and Daniel Schwartz, both then at Vanderbilt University, found that knowledge to a new situation but a quality was not the ability to retain facts or apply prior knowledge to a new situation but a quality they called "preparation for future learning." The researches asked fifth graders and college students to create a recovery plan to protect bald eagles from extinction. Shockingly, the two groups came up with plans of similar quality (through the college students had better spelling skills). From the standpoint of a traditional educator, this outcome indicated that schooling had failed to help students think about ecosystems and extinction, major scientific ideas.The researches decided to go deeper, however. They asked both groups to generate questions about important issues needed to create recovery plans. On this task, they found large differences. College students focused on critical issues of interdependence between eagles("How big are they?" and "What do they eat?"). The college students had cultivated the ability to ask questions, the cornerstone of critical thinking. They had learned how to learn.Museums and other institutions of informal learning may be better suited to teach this skill than elementary and secondly schools. At the Exploratorium in San Francisco, we recently studied how learning to ask good questions can affect the quality of people's scientific inquiry We found that when we taught participants to ask "What if?" and "How can?" questions that nobody present would know the answer to and that would spark exploration, they engaged in better inquiry at the next exhibit-asking more questions, performing more experiments and making better interpretations of their results. Specially, their questions became more comprehensive at the new exhibit. Rather than merely asking about something they wanted to try, they tended to include both cause and effect in their question. Asking juicy questions appears to be a transferable skill for deepening collaborative inquiry into the science content found in exhibits.This type of learning is not confined to museums of institutional settings. Informal learning environment tolerate failure better than schools. Perhaps many teachers have too little time to allow students to form and pursue their own questions and too much ground to cover in the curriculum. But people must acquire this skill somewhere. Our society depend on them being able to make critical decisions about their own medical treatment, says, or what we must do about global energy needs and demands. For that, we have a robust informal system that gives no grades, takes all comers, and is available even on holidays and weekends.57. What is traditional educators' interpretation of the search outcome mentioned in the first paragraph?A.Students are not able to apply prior knowledge to new problemsB.College students are no better than fifth graders in memorizing issues.cation has not paid enough attention to major environmental issues.cated has failed to lead students to think about major scientific ideas.58. In what way are college students different from children?A.They have learned to think criticallyB.They are concerned about social issuesC.They are curious about specific features.D.They have learned to work independently59. What is benefit of asking questions with no ready answers?A.It arouse students' interest in things around them.B.It cultivates students' ability to make scientific inquiries.C.It trains students' ability to design scientific experiments.D.It helps students realize not every question has an answer。
2015物理套题
期中复习（二）1.如图所示，一个质量为m 的小滑块静止于倾角为30°的粗糙斜面上，一根轻弹簧一端固定在竖直墙上的P 点，另一端系在滑块上，弹簧与竖直方向的夹角为30°，重力加速度为g ，则（ ） A.滑块受到四个力作用 B.弹簧一定处于压缩状态 C.斜面对滑块的支持力大小不可能为零 D.斜面对滑块的摩擦力大小可能等于mg2.如图所示，劲度系数为k 的轻弹簧竖直固定在水平面上，上端固定一质量为m0的托盘，托盘上有一个质量为m 的木块。
用竖直向下的力将原长为l0的弹簧压缩后突然撤去外力，则m 即将脱离m0时的弹簧长度为( ) A ．l B ．l0－＋k C ．l0－mg k D ．l0－m0g k3、用一根细绳，一端系住质量为m 的小球，另一端悬在光滑水平桌面上方h 处，绳长l 大于h ，使小球在桌面上做如图所示的匀速圆周运动．若使小球不离开桌面，转速最大值是（ ）A. 12πB ．C. 12πD ．4、我国发射的“嫦娥一号”卫星绕月球经过一年多的运行，完成了既定任务，于2009年3月1日13时13分成功撞月．如图为“嫦娥一号”卫星撞月的模拟图，卫星在控制点处开始进入撞月轨道．假设卫星绕月球做圆周运动的轨道半径为R ，周期为T ，引力常量为G.以下说法正确的是( ) A ．可以求出月球的质量 B ．可以求出月球对“嫦娥一号”卫星的引力 C ．“嫦娥一号”卫星在控制点处应减速 D ．“嫦娥一号”在地面的发射速度大于11.2 km/s 5、已知某星球的平均密度是地球的n 倍，半径是地球的k 倍，地球的第一宇宙速度为υ，则该星球的第一宇宙速度为 AB ．C ．D6、如图所示，在两等量异种点电荷的电场中，MN 为两电荷连线的中垂线，a 、b 、c 三点所在直线平行于两电荷的连线，且a 和c 关于MN 对称、b 点位于MN 上，d 点位于两电荷的连线上．以下判断正确的是( )． A ．b 点电场强度大于d 点电场强度 B ．b 点电场强度小于d 点电场强度 C ．a 、b 两点间的电势差等于b 、c 两点间的电势差 D ．试探电荷＋q 在a 点的电势能小于在c 点的电势能 7、一带电粒子在电场中仅在电场力作用下，从A 点运动到B 点，速度随时间变化的图象如图所示，tA 、tB 分别是带电粒子到达A 、B 两点时对应的时刻，则下列说法中正确的有( ) A ．A 点的场强一定小于B 点的场强B ．A 点的电势一定高于B 点的电势C ．带电粒子在A 点的电势能一定小于在B 点的电势能D ．带电粒子从A 点到B 点过程中，电场力一定对带电粒子做正功 8、如图的三条相互平行、距离相等的虚线分别表示电场中的三个等势面，电势分别为7V 、14V 、21V ，实线是一带电粒子(不计重力)在该区域内的运动轨迹，下列说法正确的是( )A ．粒子一定带负电荷，且粒子在a 、b 、c 三点所受合力相同B ．粒子运动径迹一定是a→b→cC ．粒子在三点的动能大小为Ekb>Eka>EkcD ．粒子在三点的电势能大小为Epc>Epa>Epb 9、一带电质点从图中的A 点竖直向上以速度v0射入一水平方向的匀强电场中，质点运动到B 点时，速度方向变为水平，质点质量为m ，带电荷量为q ，A 、B 间距离为L ，且AB 连线与水平方向成θ＝37°角，质点到达B 后继续运动可到达与A 点在同一水平面上的C 点(未画)，则( )A ．质点在B 点的速度大小为43v0 B ．匀强电场的电场强度大小为43mg qC ．从A 到C 的过程中，带电质点的电势能减小了329mv 20D ．质点在C 点的加速度大小为35g10、如图所示，A 、B 为平行金属板，两板相距为d ，分别与电源两极相连，两板的中央各有一小孔M 和N.今有一带电质点，自A 板上方相距为d 的P 点由静止自由下落(P 、M 、N 在同一竖直线上)，空气阻力忽略不计，到达N 孔时速度恰好为零，然后沿原路返回．若保持两极板间的电压不变，则错误的说法是( )A ．把A 板向上平移一小段距离，质点自P 点自由下落后仍能返回B ．把A 板向下平移一小段距离，质点自P 点自由下落后将穿过N 孔继续下落C ．把B 板向上平移一小段距离，质点自P 点自由下落后仍能返回D ．把B 板向下平移一小段距离，质点自P 点自由下落后将穿过N 孔继续下落11、如图为测量物块与水平桌面之间动摩擦因数的实验装置示意图．实验步骤如下：①用天平测量物块和遮光片的总质量M 、重物的质量m ，用游标卡尺测量遮光片的宽度d ；用米尺测量两光电门之间的距离s ； ②调整轻滑轮，使细线水平；③让物块从光电门A 的左侧由静止释放，用数字毫秒计分别测出遮光片经过光电门A 和光电门B 所用的时间ΔtA 和ΔtB ，求出加速度a ； ④多次重复步骤③，求a 的平均值a ；⑤根据上述实验数据求出动摩擦因数μ. 回答下列问题：(1)测量d 时，某次游标卡尺(主尺的最小分度为1 mm)的示数如图所示，其读数为________ cm. (2)物块的加速度a 可用d 、s 、ΔtA 和ΔtB 表示为a ＝ 。
2015年学法用法普法考试满分试题(套题一)讲解
2015年学法用法普法考试试题（套题一）1、【单选题】负有（）的部门在履行监管职责中，对生产经营单位的事故隐患判定存异议的，可以组织专家组或委托依法设立的技术管理服务机构进行评定，生产经营单位应当根据评定结果依法进行治理。
说明：∙A、安全生产监督管理职责∙B、行政监督管理职责∙C、安全管理职责2、【单选题】在事故调查期间，（）根据了解掌握的事故调查请，成立责任追究组。
责任追究组负责起草责任追究调查方案，经与事故调查组沟通后，报监察机关批准。
责任追究调查方案应当包括调查工作的原则、目标、任务和分工，以及需要查明的问题，调查步骤、方法，完成相关调查的期限、措施、要求等内容。
说明：∙A、行政机关∙B、监察机关∙C、司法机关3、【单选题】根据新修订的《环保法》规定，依法应当给予行政处罚，而有关环境保护主管部门不给予行政处罚的，上级人民政府环境保护主管部门可以（）。
说明：∙A、直接作出行政处罚的决定∙B、责令下级环境保护主管部门给予行政处罚∙C、向上一级环境保护主管部门反应情况∙D、移交司法机关处理4、【单选题】《广东省企业集体合同条例》自（）起施行说明：∙A、2015年1月1日∙B、2015年3月1日∙C、2015年5月1日∙D、2015年10月1日5、【单选题】我国新《环境保护法》施行的日期是（）。
说明：∙A、自修订之日起∙B、2014年5月1日∙C、2014年10月1日∙D、2015年1月1日6、【单选题】根据新修订的《环保法》规定，公民、法人和其他组织发现任何单位和个人有污染环境和破坏生态行为的，有权向环境保护主管部门或者其他负有环境保护监督管理职责的部门（）。
说明：∙A、？举报∙B、检举∙C、报告∙D、揭发7、【单选题】按照《广州市公共图书馆条例》的规定，公共图书馆应当坚持（）的服务原则。
说明：∙A、普遍、平等∙B、免费、开放∙C、普遍、平等、免费、开放∙D、普遍、平等、免费、开放、便利8、【单选题】2014年新修订的环境保护法，“保护环境”被确立为我国的一项（）。
专业技术人员职业道德与诚信建设及答案
广州市专业技术人员诚信与职业道德建设在线测试题答案第一套题一、判断题.第1题关爱学生是教师职业道德核心。
（B）（10分）.A. 是.B. 否第2题：道德具有三大社会功能：认识功能和调节功能、评价功能。
（B）（10分）.A. 是B. 否二、单选题第3 题：以下关于求真务实的叙述不正确的是（ C ）。
（单选题）（10分）.A. 就是要求坚持真理.B. 就是要求敢讲真话.C. 就是要求舍己为人D. 就是要求踏实做事第4题：齐家、治国、平天下的先决条件是（ A ）。
（单选题）（10分）.A. 修身.B. 勤勉.C. 诚信D. 节俭第5题：以下哪种现象属于诚信分裂导致的结果（ B ）。
（单选题）（10分）.A. 一些人表面道貌岸然，背后男盗女娼。
.B. 现在做好事还要小心留证据.C. 古代为守节女子树立贞洁牌坊.D. 一些人觉得达到那么高的标准太难，做不到，便干脆做“小人”，无所不为第6题：根据冰山理论，以下属于显性职业素养的有（D ）。
（单选题）（10分）.A. 动机.B. 态度.C. 价值观.D. 知识第7题：以下属于教师类专业技术人员所独有的职业道德核心要求的是（ABCD ）。
（多选题，至少选两个选项）（10分）.A. 为人师表.B. 有教无类.C. 诲人不倦.D. 因材施教第8题：道德认识发展的基本规律是（ABCD ）。
（多选题，至少选两个选项）（10分）.A. 从“纪律”到“自律”.B. 从“效果”到“动机”.C. 从“对人”到“对已”.D. 从“片面”到“全面”第9题：爱岗敬业的具体要求是（ABC ）。
（多选题，至少选两个选项）（10分）.A. 树立职业理想.B. 强化职业责任.C. 提高职业技能.D. 抓住择业机会第10题：从业人员正确理解遵守纪律的内涵并身体力行的表现是（AB ）。
（多选题，至少选两个选项）（10分）.A. 坚守岗位.B. 按照操作规程要求开展生产活动.C. 对自己认为不合理的规章制度不遵守.D. 对上司惟命是从第二套题第1题：根据马克思主义伦理学对道德的定义，说明了道德是一种特殊的社会行为活动，其调节对象是人们的利益关系和思想行为，其调节的突出特点是自觉性。
2015年小升初语文试卷及答案(精品多套)
小升初语文试卷 (一)一、读拼音，写汉字（每空0.5分，共4分）zhì：（）手可热两军对（）孤注一（）闲情逸（）hã：（）泽而渔（）东狮吼chïu：壮志难（）一（）莫展二、按要求在句子中填上合适的词语（每空1分，共7分）1、这两个人总是一起做坏事，真是呀！（与“动物”有关的成语）2、是他让我做成了这个艺术品，又是他打碎了这个艺术品，真是，呀。
（写出有关历史人物的成语）3、虽然路上有许多（），但谁也别想（）我们前进的脚步，我们是不会受到一点（）就放弃的。
（用“阻”字组成的词语填空，不得重复）4、（）考试不难，（）方法和规范很重要，（）我们要认真审题，注意分点，让自己和知识变成得分。
（填关联词）三、按要求写句子（共9分）1、老师提醒同学们在考场上一定要认真审题，用心答题。
把转述句改成直接叙述的句子：（2分）。
2、妈妈很忙，没有功夫去看电影。
改为双重否定句：（2分）。
3、赵州桥高超的技术水平和不休的艺术价值，充分显示了我国劳动人民的智慧和力量。
缩写句子：（2分）。
4、按例句的写法特点，仿写句子。
（3分）太阳无语，却放射出光辉；大地无语，却展示出广博。
____________________________；___________________________。
四、积累与运用：按要求把答案写在横线上（12分）（1）请用简洁的语文概述《丑小鸭》的故事，并写下你阅读这一童话后的一点感悟。
（4分）作品简介：_________________________________________________________感悟：_____________________________________________________________ （2）读名著填空：下面是《水浒》、《西游记》中三个精彩的打虎场面，请分别指出打虎英雄的名字并说出他的另一个故事情节。
（6分）①你看他拽开步，迎着猛虎，道声：“业畜！那里去！”那只虎蹲着身，伏着尘埃，动不敢动。
2015年6月四级真题与答案第一套
Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below.You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then comment on the kid's understanding of going to school.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension(30 minutes)听力音频地址：/attached/media/20151113/20151113103125_1575.mp3 Section ADirections : In this section, you will hear 8 short conver sat ions and 2 long conversations.At the end ofeach conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will bea pause.During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A., B), C.and D),and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre.1.A.He will give the woman some tips on the game.B.The woman has good reason to quit the game.C.He is willing to play chess with the woman.D.The woman should go on playing chess.2.A.The man can forward the mail to Mary.B.She can call Mary to take care of the mail.C.Mary probably knows Sally's new address.D.She would like to resume contact with Sally.3.A.His handwriting has a unique style.B.His notes are not easy to read.C.He did not attend today's class.D.He is very pleased to be able to help.4.A.The man had better choose another restaurant.B.The new restaurant is a perfect place for dating.C.The new restaurant caught her fancy immediately.D.The man has good taste in choosing the restaurant.5.A.He has been looking forward to spring.B.He has been waiting for the winter sale.C.He will clean the woman's boots for spring.D.He will help the woman put things away.6.A.The woman is rather forgetful.B.The man appreciates the woman's help.C.The man often lends books to the woman.D.The woman often works overtime at weekends.7.A.Go to work on foot.B.Take a sightseeing trip.C.Start work earlier than usual.D.Take a walk when the weather is nice.8.A.The plane is going to land at another airport.B.All flights have been delayed due to bad weather.C.Temporary closing has disturbed the airport's operation.D.The airport's management is in real need of improvement.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conver sat ion you have just heard.9.A.It specializes in safety from leaks.B.It is headquartered in London.C.It has a partnership with LCP.D.It has a chemical processing plant.10.A.He is Mr.Grand's friend.B.He is a safety inspector.C.He is a salesman.D.He is a chemist.11.A.Director of the safety department.B.Mr.Grand's personal assistant.C.Head of the personnel department.D.The public relations officer.12. A.Walt for Mr.Grand to call back.B.Leave a message for Mr.Grand.C.Provide details of their products and services.D.Send a comprehensive description of their work.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13.A.She learned playing the violin from a famous French musician.B.She dreamed of working and living in a European country.C.She read a lot about European musicians and their music.D.She listened to recordings of many European orchestras.14.A.She began taking violin lessons as a small child.B.She was a pupil of a famous European violinist.C.She gave her first performance with her father.D.She bec ame a professional violinist at fifteen.15.A.It gave her a chance to explore the city.B.It was the chance of a lifetime.C.It was a gre at challenge to her.D.It helped her learn classical French music.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages.At the end of each passage, you will hearsome questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A., B),C.and D ).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A.There are mysterious stories behind his works.B.There are many misunderstandings about him.C.His works have no match worldwide.D.His personal history is little known.17.A.He moved to Stratford-on-Avon in his childhood.B.He failed to go beyond grammar school.C.He was a member of the town council.D.He once worked in a well-known acting company.18. A.Writers of his time had no means to protect their works.B.Possible sources of clues about him were lost in a fire.C.His works were adapted beyond recognition.D.People of his time had little interest in him.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A.Theft.B.Cheating.C.Air crash.D.Road accidents.20. A.Learn the local customs.B.Make hotel reservations.C.Book tickets well in advance.D.Have the right documents.21.A.Contact your agent.B.Get a lift if possible.e official transport.D.Have a friend meet you.Passage ThreeQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A.Cut down production cost.B.Sell inexpensive products.C.Specialise in gold ornaments.D.Refine the taste of his goods.23.A.At a national press conference.B.During a live television interview.C.During a local sales promotion campaign.D.At a meeting of top British businesspeople.24.A.Insulted.B.Puzzled.C.Distressed.D.Discouraged.25.A.The words of some businesspeople are just rubbish.B.He who never learns from the past is bound to fail.C.There should be a limit to one's sense of humour.D.He is not laughed at, that laughs at himself first.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the firsttime, you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for thesecond time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have justheard.Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what youhave written.Looking at the basic biological systems, the world is not doing very well.Yet economic indicators show the world is 26 Despite a slow start at the beginning of the eighties, global economic output increased by more than a fifth during the 27 The economy gre w, trade increased, and millions of new jobs were created.How can biological indicators show the 28 of economic indicators?The answer is that the economic indicators have a basic fault: they show no difference between resource uses that 29 progress and those uses that will hurt it.The main measure of economic progress is the gross national product (GNP). 30 , this totals thevalue of all goods and services produced and subtracts loss in value of factories and equipment.Developed a half-century ago, GNP helped 31 a common way among countries of measuring change in economic output.For some time, this seemed to work 32 well, but serious weaknesses are now appearing.As indicated earlier, GNP includes loss in value of factories and equipment, but it does not 33 the loss of natural resources, including nonrenewable resources such as oil or renewable resources such as forests.This basic fault can produce a 34 sense of national economic health.According to GNP, for example, countries that overcut forests actually do better than those that preserve their forests.The trees cut down are counted as income but no subtraction is made for 35 the forests.Part ⅢReading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word foreach blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.The U.S.Department of Education is making efforts to ensure that all students have equal access to a quality education.Today it is 36 the launch of the Excellent Educators for All Initiative.The initiative will help states and school districtssupport gre at educators for the students who need them most."All children are 37 to a high-quality education regardless of their race, zip code or family income.It is 38 important that we provide teachers and principals the support they need to help students reach their full 39 ," U.S.Secretary of Education Arne Duncan said." Despite the excellent work and deep 40 of our nation's teachers and principals, students in high-poverty, high- minority schools are unfairly treated across our country.We have to do better.Local leaders and educators will 41 their own creative solutions, but we must work together to 42 our focus on how to better recruit, support and 43 effective teachers and principals for all students, especially the kids who need them most."Today's announcement is another important step forward in improving access to a quality education, a 44 of President Obama's year of ter today, Secretary Duncan will lead a roundtable discussion with principals and school teachers from across the country about the 45 of working in high-need schools and how to adopt promising practices for supporting gre at educators in these schools.A.AnnouncingB.beneficialC.challengesmitmentponentF.contestsG.criticallyH.developI.distributingJ.enhanceK.entitledL.potentialM.properlyN.qualifiedO.retainSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Changes Facing Fast FoodA.Fast-food firms have to be a thick-skinned bunch.Health experts regularly criticise them severelyfor selling food that makes people fat.Critics even complain that McDonald's, whose logosymbolises calorie excess, should not have been allowed to sponsor the World Cup.These arethings fast-food firms have learnt to cope with.But not perhaps for much longer.The burgerbusiness faces more pressure from regulators at a time when it is already adapting strategies inresponse to shifts in the global economy.B)Fast food was once thought to be recession-proof.When consumers need to cut spending, the logicgoes, cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers bec ome even more attractive.Such "trading down"proved true for much of the latest recession, when fast-food companies picked up customers who could no longer afford to eat at casual restaurants.Traffic was boosted in America, the home of fast food, with discounts and promotions, such as $1 menus and cheap combination meals.C)As a result, fast-food chains have weathered the recession better than their more expensive competitors.In 2009 sales at full-service restaurants in America fell by more than 6% , but total sales remained about the same at fast-food chains.In some markets, such as Japan, France and Britain, total spending on fast food increased.Same-store sales in America at McDonald's, the world's largest fast-food company, did not decline throughout the downturn.Panera Bread, an Americanfast-food chain known for its fresh in gre dients, performed well, too, because it offers higher-quality food at lower prices than restaurants.D)But not all fast-food companies have been as fortunate.Many, such as Burger King, have seen sales fall.In a severe recession, while some people trade down to fast food, many others eat at home more frequently to save money.David Palmer, an analyst at UBS, a bank, says smaller fast- food chains in America, such as Jack in the Box and Carl's Jr., have been hit particularly hard in this downturn bec ause they are competing with the global giant McDonald's, which increased spending on advertising by more than 7% last year as others cut back.E.Some fast-food companies also sacrificed their own profits by trying to give customers better value.During the recession companies set prices low, hoping that once they had tempted customers through the door they would be persuaded to order more expensive items.But in many cases that strategy did not st year Burger King franchisees (特许经营人)sued (起诉)the company over itsdouble-cheeseburger promotion, claiming it was unfair for them to be repuired to sell these for $1 when they cost$1.10 to make.In May a judge ruled in favour of Burger King.Nevertheless, the company may still be cursing its decision to promote cheap choices over more expensive ones because items on its "value menu" now account for around 20% of all sales, upfrom 12% last October.F.Analysts expect the fast-food industry to grow modestly this year.But the downturn is makingcompanies rethink their strategies.Many are now introducing higher-priced items to entice (引诱)consumers away from $1 specials.KFC, a division of Yum! Brands, which also owns Taco Belland Pizza Hut, has launched a chicken sandwich that costsaround $5.And in May Burger Kingintroduced bar bec ue (烧烤)pork ribs at $7 for eight.panies are also trying to get customers to buy new and more items, including drinks.McDonald's started selling better coffee as a challenge to Starbucks.Its " McCafe" line nowaccounts for an estimated 6% of sales in America.Starbucks has sold rights to its Seattle's Bestcoffee brand to Burger King, which will start selling it later this year.H.As fast-food companies shift from "super size" to "more buys", they need to keep customer traffichigh throughout the day.Many see breakfast as a big opporttmity, and not just for fatty food.McDonald's will start selling porridge (粥)in America next year.Breakfast has the potential to bevery profitable, says Sara Senatore of Bernstein, a research firm, because the margins can be high.Fast-food companies are also adding midday and late-night snacks, such as blended drinks andwraps.The idea is that by having a gre ater range of things on the menu, "we can sell to consumersproducts they want all day," says Rick Carucci., the .chief financial officer of Yum ! Brands.I.But what about those growing waistlines? So far, fast-food firms have cleverly avoided governmentregulation.By providing healthy options, like salads andlow-calorie sandwiches, they have at leastgiven the impression of doing something about helping to fight obesity (肥胖症).These offeringsare not necessarily loss-leaders, as they broaden the appeal of outlets to groups of diners thatinclude some people who don't want to eat a burger.But customers cannot be forced to ordersalads instead of fries.J.In the future, simply offering a healthy option may not be good enough."Every packaged-food and restaurant company I know is concerned about regulation right now," says Mr.Palmer of UBS.America's health-reform bill, which Congress passed this year, requires restaurant chains with 20 ormore outlets to put the calorie-content of items they serve on the menu.A study by the NationalBureau of Economic Research, which tracked the effects on Starbucks of a similar calorie-postinglaw in New York City in 2007, found that the average calorie-count per transaction fell 6% andrevenue increased 3% at Starbucks stores where a Dunldn Donuts outlet was nearby--a sign, it issaid, that menu-labelling could favour chains that have more healthy offerings. K.In order to avoid other legislation in America and elsewhere, fast-food companies will have tocontinue innovating (创新).Walt Riker of McDonald's claims the change it has made in its menumeans it offers more healthy items than it did a few years ago."We probably sell more vegetables,more milk, more salads, more apples than any restaurant business in the world," he says.But therecent proposal by a county in California to ban McDonald's from including toys in its high-calorie"Happy Meals", bec ause legislators believe it attracts children to unhealthy food, suggests there isa lot more left to do.46.Some people propose laws be made to stop McDonald's from attaching toys to its food specials for children.47.Fast-food finns may not be able to cope with pressures from food regulation in the near future.48.Burger King will start to sell Seattle's Best coffee to increase sales.49.Some fast-food firms provide healthy food to give the impression they are helping to tackle the obesity problem.50.During the recession, many customers turned to fast food to save money.51.Many people eat out less often to save money in times of recession.52.During the recession, Burger King's promotional strategy of offering low-priced items often proved ineffective.53.Fast-food restaurants can make a lot of money by selling breakfast.54.Many fast-food companies now expect to increase their revenue by introducing higher-priced items.55.A newly-passed law asks big fast-food chains to specify the calorie count of what they serve on the menu.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A., B), C.andD ).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.If you think a high-factor sunscreen (防晒霜)keeps you safe from harmful rays, you may be wrong.Research in this week's Nature shows that while factor 50 reduces the number of melanomas(黑瘤)and delays their occurrence, it can't preventthem.Melanomas are the most ag gre ssive skin cancers.You have a higher risk if you have red or blond hair, fair skin, blue or green eyes, or sunburn easily, or if a close relative has had one.Melanomas are more common if you have periodic intense exposure to the sun.Other skin cancers are increasingly likely with long-term exposure.There is continuing debate as to how effective sunscreen is in reducing melanomas the evidence is weaker than it is for preventing other types of skin cancer.A 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people found that people randomly selected to apply sunscreen daily had half the rate of melanomas of people who used cream as needed.A second study, comparing 1,167 people with melanomas to 1,101 who didn't have the cancer, found that using sunscreen routinely, alongside other protection such as hats,long sleeves or staying in the shade, did give some protection.This study said other forms of sun protection not sunscreen seemed most beneficial.The study relied on people remembering what they had done over each decade of their lives, so it's not entirely reliable.But it seems reasonable to think sunscreen gives people a false sense of security in the sun.Many people also don't use sunscreen properly applying insufficient amounts, failing to reapply after a couple of hours and staying in the sun too long.It is sunburn that is most worrying recent research shows five episodes of sunburn in the teenage years increases the risk of all skin cancers.The good news is that a combination of sunscreen and covering up can reduce melanoma rates, as shown by Australian figures from their slip-slop-slap campaign.So if there is a heat wave this summer, it would be best for us, too, to slip on a shirt, slop on (抹上)sunscreen and slap on a hat.56.What is people's common expectation of a high-factor sunscreen?A.It will delay the occurrence of skin cancer.B.It will protect them from sunburn.C.It will keep their skin smooth and fair.D.It will work for people of any skin color.57.What does the research in Nature say about a high-factor sunscreen?A.It is ineffective in preventing melanomas.B.It is ineffective in case of intense sunlight.C.It is ineffective with long-term exposure.D.It is ineffective for people with fair skin.58.What do we learn from the 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people?A.Sunscreen should be applied alongside other protection measures.B.High-risk people benefit the most from the application of sunscreen.C.Irregular application of sunscreen does women more harm than good.D.Daily application of sunscreen helps reduce the incidence of melanomas.59.What does the author say about the second Australian study?A.It misleads people to rely on sunscreen for protection.B.It helps people to select the most effective sunscreen.C.It is not based on direct observation of the subjects.D.It confirms the results of the first Australian study.60.What does the author suggest to reduce melanoma rates?ing both covering up and sunscreen.B.Staying in the shade whenever possible.ing covering up instead of sunscreen.D.Applying the right amount of sunscreen.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than theless-skilled.Some65% of American men aged 62 -74 with a professional de gre e are in the workforce, compared with32% of men with only a high-school certificate.This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-educated well-off and the unskilled poor.Rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled.The consequences, for individuals and society, are profound.The world is facing an astonishing rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever before.Over the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion.The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity (长寿)translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems.But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled.Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working longer.The divide is most extreme in America, where well-educatedbaby-boomers (二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce.Policy is partly responsible.Many European governments have abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire early.Rising life expectancy (预期寿命), combined with the replacement of generous defmed-benefit pension plans with less generous defined-contribution ones, means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement.But the changing nature of work also plays a big role.Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age bec ause these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding generation.Technological change may well reinforcethat shift: the skills that complement computers, from management knowhow to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age.61.What is happening in the workforce in rich countries?A.Younger people are replacing the elderly.B.Well-educated people tend to work longer.C.Unemployment rates are rising year after year.D.People with no college de gre e do not easily find work.62.What has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and the poor?A.Longer life expectancies.B.A rapid technological advance.C.Profound changes in the workforce.D.A growing number of the well-educated.63.What do many observers predict in view of the experience of the 20th century?A.Economic growth will slow down.ernment budgets will increase.C.More people will try to pursue higher education.D.There will be more competition in the job market.64.What is the result of policy changes in European countries?A.Unskilled workers may choose to retire early.B.More people have to receive in-service training.C.Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement.D.People may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans.65.What is characteristic of work in the 21st century?puters will do more complicated work.B.More will be taken by the educated young.C.Most jobs to be done will be the creative ones.D.Skills are highly valued regardless of age.Part ⅣTranslation ( 30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国是世界上最古老的文明之一。
2015年秋入学教育第一套题及答案
入学教育1509课程作业_A 用户名：zhy19831205最终成绩：100.0仅显示答错的题10%20%30%本题分值： 5.0用户得分： 5.0用户解答：30%标准答案：30%2001年本题分值： 5.0用户得分： 5.0用户解答：2000年标准答案：2000年5种3种4种本题分值： 5.0用户得分： 5.0用户解答：4种标准答案：4种3门2门4门本题分值： 5.0用户得分： 5.0标准答案：3门4所3所5所本题分值： 5.0用户得分： 5.0用户解答：4所标准答案：4所432本题分值： 5.0用户得分： 5.0用户解答： 3标准答案： 31999年本题分值： 5.0用户得分： 5.0用户解答：1999年标准答案：1999年20次50次无数次本题分值： 5.0用户得分： 5.0标准答案：50次网络课程本题分值： 5.0用户得分： 5.0用户解答：文字教材 | 音像教材 | 网络课程标准答案：文字教材 | 音像教材 | 网络课程人事系统本题分值： 5.0用户得分： 5.0用户解答：管理系统 | 服务系统 | 学习系统标准答案：管理系统 | 服务系统 | 学习系统错对本题分值： 5.0用户得分： 5.0用户解答：错标准答案：错错对本题分值： 5.0用户解答：错标准答案：错错对本题分值： 5.0用户得分： 5.0用户解答：对标准答案：对错对本题分值： 5.0用户得分： 5.0用户解答：错标准答案：错错对本题分值： 5.0用户得分： 5.0用户解答：对标准答案：对对错本题分值： 5.0用户得分： 5.0用户解答：对标准答案：对7. 目前，我国现代远程高等教育实行教育部、教育厅和试点高校三级管理的管理模式错对本题分值： 5.0用户得分： 5.0用户解答：对标准答案：对8. 目前学校以知识点为单元制作教学资源，每节课讲授时间不超过30分钟，便于学生利用错对本题分值： 5.0用户得分： 5.0用户解答：对标准答案：对错对本题分值： 5.0用户得分： 5.0用户解答：对标准答案：对错对本题分值： 5.0用户得分： 5.0用户解答：错标准答案：错。
2015年12月英语四级考试真题(第1套)
2015年12月英语四级考试真题试卷（第一套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying "Listening is more important than talking?" You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of paying attention to others' opinions. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________Part ⅡListening Comprehension ( 30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C,and D.and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer .Sheet I with a single line through the center.1.A) They admire the courage of space explorers.B)They were going to watch a wonderful movie.C)They enjoyed the movie on space exploration.D)They like doing scientific exploration very much.2.A) In a school library.B)At a gift shop.C)In the office of a travel agency.D)At a graduation ceremony.3.A) He used to work in the art gallery.B)He does not have a good memoiy.C)He is not interested in any part-time jobs.D)He declined a job offer from the art gallery.4.A) He will be unable to attend the birthday party.B)The woman should have informed him earlier.C)He will go to the birthday party after the lecture.D)Susan has been invited to give a lecture tomorrow.5.A) Set a deadline for the staff to meet.B)Assign more workers to the project.C)Reward those having made good progress.D)Encourage the staff to work in small groups.6.A) Where she can leave her car.B)The rate for parking in Lot C.C)How far away the parking lot is.D)The way to the visitor's parking.7.A) He regrets missing the classes. B) He has benefited from exercise.C) He plans to take the fitness classes. D) He is looking forward to a better life.8. A) How to select secretaries. B) How to raise work efficiency.C) The responsibilities of secretaries. D) The secretaries in the man's company. Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9.A) It is used by more people than English. B) It is more difficult to learn than English.C) It will be as commonly used as English. D) It will eventually become a world language.10.A) Its popularity with the common people. B) The effect of the Industrial Revolution.C) The influence of the British Empire. D) Its loan words from many languages.11.A) It has a growing number of newly coined words.B) It includes a lot of words from other languages.C) It is the largest among all languages in the world.D) It can be easily picked up by overseas travellers.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A) To place an order. B) To apply for a job.C) To return some goods. D) To make a complaint.13.A) He works on a part-time basis for the company.B) He has not worked in the sales department for long.C) He is not familiar with the exact details of the goods.D) He has become somewhat impatient with the woman.14.A) It is not his responsibility. B) It win be free for large orders.C) It depends on a number of factors. D) It costs ￡15 more for express delivery.15.A) Make inquiries with some other companies.B) Report the information to her superior.C) Pay a visit to the saleswoman in charge.D) Ring back when she comes to a decision.Section BDirections：In this section, you will hear 3 short passages.At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B,C.and D .Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.16.A) No one knows for sure when they came into being.B) No one knows exactly where they were first made.C) No one knows for what purpose they were invented.D) No one knows what they will look like in the future.17.A) Measure the speed of wind. B) Give warnings of danger.C) Pass on secret messages. D) Carry ropes across rivers.18.A) To find out the strength of silk for kites. B) To test the effects of the lightning rod.C) To prove that lightning is electricity. D) To protect houses against lightning.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A) She was born with a talent for languages. B) She was trained to be an interpreter.C) She can speak several languages. D) She enjoys teaching languages.20.A) They want to learn as many foreign languages as possible.B) They have an intense interest in cross-cultural interactions.C) They acquire an immunity to culture shock.D) They would like to live abroad permanently.21.A) She became an expert in horse racing.B) She learned to appreciate classical music.C) She was able to translate for a German sports judge.D) She got a chance to visit several European countries.22.A) Take part in a cooking competition. B) Taste the beef and give her comment.C) Teach vocabulary for food in English. D) Give cooking lessons on Western food.Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23.A) He had only a third-grade education. B) He once threatened to kill his teacher.C) He often helped his mother do housework. D) He grew up in a poor single-parent family.24.A) Stupid. B) Active. C) Brave. D) Careless.25.A) Watch educational TV programs only. B) Write two book reports a week.C) Help with housework. D) Keep a diary.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard.Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.When you look up at the night sky, what do you see? There are other __26__ bodies out there besides the moon and stars. One of the most __27__ of these is a comet (彗星).Comets were formed around the same time the Earth was formed. They are __28__ ice and other frozen liquids and gases. __29__ these "dirty snowballs" begin to orbit the sun, just as the planets do.As a comet gets closer to the sun, some gases in it begin to unfreeze. They __30__ dust particles from the comet to form a huge cloud. As the comet gets even nearer to the sun, a solar wind blows the cloud behind the comet, thus forming its tail. The tail and the __31__ fuzzy (模糊的) atmosphere around a comet are __32__ that can help identify this __33__ in the night sky.In any given year, about a dozen known comets come close to the sun in their orbits. The average person can't see them all, of course. Usually there is only one or two a year bright enough to be seen with the __34__ eye. Comet Hale-Bopp, discovered in 1995, was an unusually bright comet. Its orbit brought it __35__ close to the Earth, within 122 million miles of it. But Hale-Bopp came a long way on its earthly visit. It won't be back for another four thousand years or so.Part ⅢReading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section ADirections : In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Scholars of the information society are divided over whether social inequality decreases or increases in an information-based society. However, they generally agree with the idea that inequality in the information society is __36__ different from that of an industrial society. As informatization progresses in society, the cause and structural nature of social inequality changes as well.It seems that the information society __37__ the quantity of information available to the members of a society by revolutionizing the ways of using and exchanging information. But such a view is a __38__ analysis based on the quantity of information supplied by various forms of the mass media. A different __39__ is possible when the actual amount of information __40__ by the user is taken into account. In fact, the more information __41__ throughout the entire society,the wider the gap becomes between "information haves" and "information have-nots" , leading to digital divide.According to recent studies, digital divide has been caused by three major __42__: class, sex, and generation. In terms of class, digital divide exists among different types of workers and between the upper and middle classes and the lower class. With __43__ to sex, digital divide exists between men and women. The greatest gap, however, is between the Net-generation, __44__ with personal computers and the Internet, and the older generation, __45__ to an industrial society.A) accustomed B) acquired C) assembly D) attribute E) championsF) elements G) expands H) familiar I) flows J) fundamentallyK) interpretation L) passive M) regard N) respectively O) superficialSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Joy: A Subject Schools LackBecoming educated should not require giving up pleasure.A) When Jonathan Swift proposed, in 1729, that the people of Ireland eat their children, he insisted it would solve three problems at once: feed the hungry masses, reduce the population during a severe depression, and stimulate the restaurant business. Even as a satire (讽刺), it seems disgusting and shocking in America with its child-centered culture. But actually, the country is closer to his proposal than you might think.B) If you spend much time with educators and policy makers, you'll hear a lot of the following words: "standards," "results," "skills," "self-control," "accountability," and so on. I have visited some of the newer supposedly "effective" schools, where children shout slogans in order to leam self-control or must stand behind their desk when they can't sit still.C) A look at what goes on in most classrooms these days makes it abundantly clear that when people think about education, they are not thinking about what it feels like to be a child, or what makes childhood an important and valuable stage of life in its own right.D) I'm a mother of three, a teacher, and a developmental psychologist. So I've watched a lot of children—talking, playing, arguing, eating, studying, and being young. Here's what I've come to understand. The thing that sets children apart from adults is not their ignorance, nor their lack of skills. It's their enormous capacity for joy. Think of a 3-year-old lost in the pleasures of finding out what he can and cannot sink in the bathtub, a 5-year-old beside herself with the thrill of puttingtogether strings of nonsensical words with her best friends, or an 11-year-old completely absorbed in a fascinating comic strip. A child's ability to become deeply absorbed in something, and derive intense pleasure from that absorption, is something adults spend the rest of their lives trying to return to.E) A friend told me the following story. One day, when he went to get his 7-year-old son from soccer practice, his kid greeted him with a downcast face and a sad voice. The coach had criticized him for not focusing on his soccer drills. The little boy walked out of the school with his head and shoulders hanging down. He seemed wrapped in sadness. But just before he reached the car door, he suddenly stopped, crouching (蹲伏) down to peer at something on the sidewalk. His face went down lower and lower, and then, with complete joy he called out, "Dad. Come here. This is the strangest bug I've ever seen. It has, like, a million legs. Look at this. It's amazing. " He looked up at his father, his features overflowing with energy and delight. "Can't we stay here for just a minute? I want to find out what he does with all those legs. This is the coolest ever. "F) The traditional view of such moments is that they constitute a charming but irrelevant byproduct of youth—something to be pushed aside to make room for more important qualities, like perseverance (坚持不懈), obligation, and practicality. Yet moments like this one are just the kind of intense Absoiption and pleasure adults spend the rest of their lives seeking. Human lives are governed by the desire to experience joy. Becoming educated should not require giving up joy but rather lead to finding joy in new kinds of things: reading novels instead of playing with small figures, conducting experiments instead of sinking cups in the bathtub, and debating serious issues rather than stringing together nonsense words, for example. In some cases, schools should help children find new, more grown-up ways of doing the same things that are constant sources of joy: making art, making friends, making decisions.G) Building on a child's ability to feel joy, rather than pushing it aside, wouldn't be that hard. It would just require a shift in the education world's mindset (思维模式). Instead of trying to get children to work hard, why not focus on getting them to take pleasure in meaningful, productive activity, like making things, working with others, exploring ideas, and solving problems? These focuses are not so different from the things in which they delight.H) Before you brush this argument aside as rubbish, or think of joy as an unaffordable luxury in a nation where there is awful poverty, low academic achievement, and high dropout rates, think again. The more horrible the school circumstances, the more important pleasure is to achieving any educational success.I) Many of the assignments and rules teachers come up with, often because they are pressured by their administrators, treat pleasure and joy as the enemies of competence and responsibility. The assumption is that children shouldn't chat in the classroom because it hinders hard work; instead, they should leain to delay gratification (快乐) so that they can pursue abstract goals, like going to college.J) Not only is this a boring and awful way to treat children, it makes no sense educationally.Decades of research have shown that in order to acquire skills and real knowledge in school, kids need to want to learn. You can force a child to stay in his or her seat, fill out a worksheet, or practice division. But you can't force the child to think carefully, er\joy books, digest complex information, or develop a taste for learning. To make that happen, you have to help the child find pleasure inlearning—to see school as a source of joy.K) Adults tend to talk about learning as if it were medicine; unpleasant, but necessary and good for you. Why not instead think of learning as if it were food—something so valuable to humans that they have evolved to experience it as a pleasure?L) Joy should not be trained out of children or left for after-school programs. The more difficult a child's life circumstances, the more important it is for that child to find joy in his or her classroom. "Pleasure" is not a dirty word. And it doesn't run counter to the goals of public education. It is, in fact, the precondition.46. It will not be difficult to make learning a source of joy if educators change their way of thinking.47. What distinguishes children from adults is their strong ability to derive joy from what they are doing.48. Children in America are being treated with shocking cruelty.49. It is human nature to seek joy in life.50. Grown-ups are likely to think that learning to children is what medicine is to patients.51. Bad school conditions make it all the more important to turn learning into a joyful experience.52. Adults do not consider children's feelings when it comes to education.53. Administrators seem to believe that only hard work will lead children to their educational goals.54. In the so-called "effective" schools, children are taught self-control under a set of strict rules.55. To make learning effective, educators have to ensure that children want to leam.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C. And D .You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer. Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.When it's five o'clock, people leave their office. The length of the workday, for many workers, is defined by time. They leave when the clock tells them they're done.These days, the time is everywhere-, not just on clocks or watches, but on cell-phones and computers. That may be a bad thing, particularly at work. New research shows that clock-basedwork schedules hinder morale (士气) and creativity.Clock-timers organize their day by blocks of minutes and hours. For example: a meeting from 9 a. m. to 10 a. m. , research from 10 a. m. to noon, etc. On the other hand, task-timers have a list of things they want to accomplish. They work down the list, each task starts when the previous task is completed. It is said that all of us employ a mix of both these types of planning.What, then, are the effects of thinking about time in these different ways? Does one make us more productive? Better at the tasks at hand? Happier? In experiments conducted by Tamar Avnet and Anne-Laure Sellier, they had participants organize different activities—from project planning, holiday shopping, to yoga—by time or to-do list to measure how they performed under "clock time" vs "task time. " They found clock timers to be more efficient but less happy because they felt little control Over their lives. Task timers are happier and more creative, but less productive. They tend to enjoy the moment when something good is happening, and seize opportunities that come up.The researchers argue that task-based organizing tends to be undervalued and under-supported in business culture. Smart companies, they believe, will try to bake more task-based planning into their strategies.This might be a small change to the way we view work and the office, but the researchers argue that it challenges a widespread characteristic of the economy: work organized by clock time. While most people will still probably need, and be, to some extent, clock-timers, task-based timing should be used when performing a job that requires more creativity. It'll make those tasks easier, and the task-doers will be happier.56. What does the author think of time displayed everywhere?A) It makes everybody time-conscious.B) It is a convenience for work and life.C) It may have a negative effect on creative work.D) It clearly indicates the fast pace of modem life.57. How do people usually go about their work according to the author?A) They combine clock-based and task-based planning.B) They give priority to the most urgent task on hand.C) They set a time limit for each specific task.D) They accomplish their tasks one by one.58. What did Tamar Avnet and Anne-Laure Sellier find in their experiments about clock-timers?A) They seize opportunities as they come up.B) They always get their work done in time.C) They have more control over their lives.D) They tend to be more productive.59. What do the researchers say about today's business culture?A) It does not support the strategies adopted by smart companies.B) It does not attach enough importance to task-based practice.C) It places more emphasis on work efficiency than on workers' lives.D) It aims to bring employees' potential and creativity into full play.60. What do the researchers suggest?A) Task-based timing is preferred for doing creative work.B) It is important to keep a balance between work and life.C) Performing creative jobs tends to make workers happier.D) A scientific standard should be adopted in job evaluation.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Martha Stewart was charged, tried and convicted of a crime in 2004. As she neared the end of her prison sentence, a well-known columnist wrote that she was " paying her dues," and that " there is simply no reason for anyone to attempt to deny her right to start anew. "Surely, the American ideal of second chances should not be reserved only for the rich and powerful. Unfortunately, many federal and state laws impose post-conviction restrictions on a shockingly large number of Americans, who are prevented from ever fully paying their debt to society.At least 65 million people in the United States have a criminal record. This can result in severe penalties that continue long after punishment is completed.Many of these penalties are imposed regardless of the seriousness of the offense or the person's individual circumstances. Laws can restrict or ban voting, access to public housing, and professional and business licensing. They can affect a person's ability to get a job and qualification for benefits.In all, more than 45,000 laws and rules serve to exclude vast numbers of people from fully participating in American life.Some laws make sense. No one advocates letting someone convicted of pedophilia(恋童癖) work in a school. But too often collateral (附随的) consequences bear no relation to public safety. Should a woman who possessed a small amount of drugs years ago be permanently unable to be licensed as a nurse?These laws are also counterproductive, since they make it harder for people with criminal records to find housing or land a job, two key factors that reduce backsliding.A recent report makes several recommendations, including the abolition of most post-conviction penalties, except for those specifically needed to protect public safety. Where the penalties are not a must, they should be imposed only if the facts of a case support it.The point is not to excuse or forget the crime. Rather, it is to recognize that in America's vast criminal justice system, second chances are crucial. It is in no one's interest to keep a large segment of the population on the margins of society.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
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2014-2015学年度物理周测二
命题人：鲁艳伶
1、一列火车匀减速进站，停靠一段时间后又匀加速（同方向）出站。
在如图所示的四个v-t 图象中，正确描述了火车运动情况的是（ ）
2、质量为0.8kg 的物体在一水平面上运动，如图所示的两条直线分别表示物体受到水平拉力作用和不受拉力作用的v —t 图线。
由图线可知（ ）
A 、图线a 反映了物体受水平拉力的作用
B 、图线b 反映了物体受水平拉力的作用
C 、水平拉力为1.2N
D 、水平拉力为1.8N
3、如图所示，质量均为m 的物体a 和b ，置于水平支承面上，它们与支承面间的滑动摩擦系数均为μ，a 、b 间为光滑接触，在水平力F 作用下，它们一起沿水平面匀速运动时，若a 、b 间的作用力为N ，则N 的大小：
A ． N=F
B ．2F N F >>
C ． 2F N <
D ． 2
F
N =
4、如图所示，在粗糙水平面上放一三角形木块a ，当b 按下列四种不同方式运动时，a 三角形物体始终对地静止，试问，在哪种或哪几种情形下，a 摩擦力．
A ．b 物体沿斜面加速下滑．
B ．b 物体沿斜面减速下滑．
C ．b 物体沿斜面匀速下滑
D ．b 物体受到一次冲击后沿斜面减速上滑． 5．如图5所示，质量m 的球与弹簧Ⅰ和水平细线Ⅱ相连，Ⅰ、Ⅱ的另一端分别固定于P 、Q 。
球静止时，Ⅰ中拉力大小T 1，Ⅱ中拉力大小T 2，当仅剪断Ⅰ、Ⅱ中的一根的瞬间，球的加速a 应是（ ）
A 、若断Ⅰ，则a =g ，竖直向下
B 、若断Ⅱ，则a =
m
T 2
，方向水平向左 C 、若断Ⅰ，则a =
m
T 1
，方向沿Ⅰ的延长线 D 、若断Ⅱ，则a =g ，竖直向上
6．如图7所示，质量为10kg 的物体A 拴在一个被水平拉伸的弹簧一端，弹簧的
拉力为5N 时，物体A 处于静止状态，若小车以1m/s 2
的加速度向右运动后
（10=g m/s 2
），则（ ）
A ．物体A 相对小车仍然静止
B ．物体A 受到的摩擦力减小
C ．物体A 受到的摩擦力大小不变
D ．物体A 受到的弹簧拉力增大
7．如图所示，虚线a 、b 、c 为三个同心圆面，圆心处有一个点电荷．现从b 、c 之间
一点P 以相同的速率发射两个带电粒子，分别沿PM 、PN 运动到M 、N 点，M 、N 两点都处于圆周c 上，以下判断正确的是（ ） A ．到达M 、N 时两粒子速率仍相等 B ．到达M 、N 时两粒子速率v M >v N C ．到达M 、N 时两粒子的电势能相等 D ．两个粒子的电势能都是先减小后增大
8．如图14－2所示，将完全相同的两个小球A 、B 用长为L ＝0.8 m 的细绳悬于以v ＝4 m/s 向右运动的小车顶部，两小球与小车前后竖直壁接触，由于某种原因，小车突然停止，此时悬线中张力之比F B ∶F A 为(g ＝10 m/s 2
)( )
A ．1∶1
B ．1∶2
C ．1∶3
D ．1∶4
9．如图所示，A 、B 为两个等量同种点电荷，a 、O 、b 在点电荷
A 、
B 的连线上，c 、O 、d 在连线的中垂线上Oa=Ob=Oc=Od ，则①
a 、
b 两点的场强相同，电势也相同；②
c 、
d 两点的场强不同，电势相同；③ O 点是A 、B 连线上电势最低的点，也是A 、B 连线上场强最小的点；④O 点是中垂线cd 上电势最高的点，也中垂线上场强最大的点。
以上说法正确的是（ ）
A ．③④
B ．①②
C ．①④
D ．②③
10．[2014·山西省长治市二中练考]如图15－5所示，质量相同的三颗卫星a 、b 、c 绕地球做匀速圆周运动，其中b 、c 在地球的同步轨道上，a 距离地球表面的高度为R ，此时a 、b
恰
图7
好相距最近．已知地球质量为M 、半径为R 、地球自转的角速度为ω.万有引力常量为G ，则( )
A ．发射卫星b 时速度要大于11.2 km/s
B ．卫星a 的机械能大于卫星b 的机械能
C ．卫星a 和b 下一次相距最近还需经过t ＝
2π
GM
8R
3－ω
D ．若要卫星c 与b 实现对接，可让卫星c 加速
11．(多选题)如图17－3所示，长为L 的长木板水平放置，在木板的A 端放置一个质量为m 的小物块．现缓慢地抬高A 端，使木板以左端为轴转动，当木板转到与水平面的夹角为α时小物块开始滑动，此时停止转动木板，小物块滑到底端的速度为v ，则在整个过程中( )
A ．支持力对物块做功为0
B ．支持力对小物块做功为mgL sin α
C ．摩擦力对小物块做功为mgL sin α
D ．滑动摩擦力对小物块做功为12mv 2
－mgL sin α
12.如图所示，A 、B 是带有等量的同种电荷的两小球，它们的质量都是m ，它们的悬线长度是L ，悬线上端都固定在同一点O ，B 球悬线竖直且被固定，A 球在力的作用下，偏离B 球x 的地方静止平衡，此时A 受到绳的拉力为T ；现在保持其他条件不变，用改变A 球质量的方法，使A 球在距B 为1/2x 处平衡；则A 受到的绳的拉力为（ ）
A.T
B.2T
C.4T
D.8T
13、在“研究匀变速直线运动的规律”实验中，小车拖纸带运动，打点计时器在纸带上打出一系列点，从中确定五个记数
点，每相邻两个记数点间的时间间隔是0.1s ，用米尺测量出的数据如图所示。
则小车在C 点的速度V C = m/s ，小车运动的平均加速度a = m/s 2
．
14．．如图所示，是用落体法“验证机械能守恒定律”的实验装置，请回答下列问题： (1)从
下列器材中选出实验所必需的，其编号为__________．
A ．打点计时器(含纸带)； B.重锤；C ．天平；D.毫米刻度尺；E 秒表．
(2)实验中产生系统误差的主要原因是纸带通过打点计时器的摩擦阻力，使重锤获得的动能
往往__________它所减小的重力势能(填“大于”、“小于”或“等于”)．
(3)如果以v2/2为纵轴，以h 为横轴，根据实验数据绘出v2/2－h 图线是一条通过坐标原点的倾斜直线，该直线的斜率是__________．
15．[2013·东北三省大联考]宇航员驾驶宇宙飞船到达月球表面，关闭动力，飞船在近月圆形轨道绕月运行的周期为T ；接着，宇航员调整飞船动力，安全着陆，宇航员在月球表面离地某一高度处将一小球以初速度v 0水平抛出，其水平射程为s .已知月球的半径为R ，万有引力常量为G ，求：
(1)月球的质量M ；(2)小球开始抛出时离地的高度；(3)小球落地时重力的瞬时功率． 12．如图所示，一小球从A 点以某一水平向右的初速度出发，沿水平直线轨道运动到B 点后，进入半径R ＝10 cm 的光滑竖直圆形轨道，圆形轨道间不相互重叠，即小球离开圆形轨道后可继续向C 点运动，C 点右侧有一壕沟，C 、D 两点的竖直高度h ＝0.8 m ，水平距离s ＝1.2 m ，水平轨道AB 长为L 1＝1 m ，BC 长为L 2＝3 m ，小球与水平轨道间的动摩擦因数μ＝0.2，重力加速度g ＝10 m/s 2
，求： (1)若小球恰能通过圆形轨道的最高点，求小球在A 点的初速度？
(2)若小球既能通过圆形轨道的最高点，又不掉进壕沟，求小球在
A 点的初速度的范围是多少？
物理周测二答题纸
班级学号姓名
13．
14. （1）（2）
(3) (4)
15.
16.
物理周测二答案
1.B
2.BD
3.D
4.B
5.AB
6.AC
7.B
8.C
9. D 10.C 11BD 12 D
13.1.9 1.5
14解析：(1)验证机械能守恒定律时，只需验证1 2v2与gh近似相等，故无需测量重锤质
量，用打点计时器可以测量重锤下落高度即下落的时间，故无需秒表，故正确的为A、B、D.(2)由于
重锤下落过程中有部分重力势能转化为克服摩擦力做功而产生的热，故重锤获得的动能稍小于减
小的重力势能．(3)由12v2＝gh可知，以1 2v2为纵轴，h为横轴，所绘图线的斜率为重力加速
度g.答案：(1)ABD(2)小于(3)重力加速度
15.解析：(1)飞船绕月近月面运行，月球对飞船的万有引力提供向心力，有：
G
Mm
R
＝mR⎝
⎛
⎭⎪
⎫
2π
T
2，
解得月球的质量M＝
4π2R3
GT2
.
(2)小球做平抛运动，水平方向做匀速直线运动，有：s＝v0t，
竖直方向做自由落体运动，有：h＝
1
2
gt2，
在月球表面，小球受到月球的万有引力近似等于重力，G
Mm
R2
＝mR⎝
⎛
⎭⎪
⎫
2π
T
2＝mg
联立解得小球开始抛出时离地的高度：h＝
2π2Rs2
T2v20
；
(3)小球落地时速度的竖直分量：v⊥＝gt＝
4π2Rs
T2v0
，
重力的瞬时功率：P＝mgv⊥＝m
4π2R
T2
·
4π2Rs
T2v0
＝
16π4mRs
T4v0
.。