【英语专业考研】【复习资料】北京外国语大学基.doc
北京外国语大学英语学院考研专业介绍、报录比、题型、参考书目、备考

北鼎教育,成就您的北外梦。北外考研,只在北鼎!
北鼎教育,专注北外考研辅导!
研究出版社,2008 年。 3、朱永涛、王立礼主编:《英语国家社会与文化入门》(澳大利亚部 分),北京:高等教育出版社,2005 年。
(06) 爱 尔 兰 研 究
1、梅仁毅主编:《英语国家社会与文化》(爱尔兰部分),外语教学 与研究出版社,2010 年。 2、朱永涛、王立礼主编:《英语国家社会与文化入门》(爱尔兰部分), 高等教育出版社,2000 年。3、王振华、陈志瑞、李靖堃:《列国志: 爱尔兰》,社会科学文献出版社,2012 年(第 2 版)。 4、陈恕主编:《爱尔兰文学名篇选注》,外语教学与研究出版社,2004 年。(准备学习爱尔兰文学子方向的考生可通读此书)
1、M. H. Abrams. The Norton Anthology of English Literature,W. W. Norton,
2002.(重点作家作品)
2、Nina Baym. The Norton Anthology of American Literature,W. W. Norton,
(88)英语笔译 (89)英语口译
翻译写作类 说明:以下书目旨在帮助考生掌握翻译的理念、方法、技巧,考题并不 从书中选取。其中的英文写作类书籍,提供汉译英时应当遵循的语言风 格。 1、Joan Pinkham 、姜桂华著:《中式英语之鉴》,外语教学与研究出 版社,2000 年。 2 、 Joseph M. Williams 著 : Style: Lessons in Clarity and Grace (Eleventh Edition),Pearson 出版社,2014 年;或该书的历史版本:Style: towards Clarity and Grace; Style: Toward Clarity and Grace ; 以 及 Ten Lessons in Clarity and Grace。 3、李长栓著:《非文学翻译理论与实践》(第二版),中国对外翻译出 版公司,2012 年。或同一作者的《非文学翻译》(外研社,2009),《理 解与表达:汉英翻译案例讲评》(外文社,2012),《联合国文件翻译 教程》(中译公司,2014),《理解与表达:英汉口译案例讲评》(外 研社,2013) 或同一作者主编:《实用语篇翻译(英汉双向)》。中国宇航出版社, 2015 年。 4、庄绎传著:《英汉翻译简明教程》,外语教学与研究出版社,2002 年。 5、叶子南著:《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》(第三版),清华大学出版
北京外国语大学英语翻译考研专业介绍

北外英语翻译考研专业介绍作为中国首屈一指的外语类大学,北外自然令有着翻译梦的各位心驰神往。
可是你知道吗?北外的英语翻译也分为好几个专业,各有千秋。
那么就请大家随北鼎一道,来看看北外英语翻译类的研究生专业都是什么样的吧!1.各专业概述北京外国语大学英语翻译类的专业包括以下五个:英语笔译MTI 、英语口译MTI 、翻译学、英汉同传以及复语同传;分别在英语学院、专用英语学院以及高级翻译学院招生。
以下两图分别按照专业和学院对其进行了汇总,后面的数字是2017年的计划招生人数。
⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎧⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧--⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧⎩⎨⎧--⎩⎨⎧--1530--MA 9--60242040MTI 高翻复语同传高翻)英汉同传(英院翻译学学硕高翻英院英语口译专英英院英语笔译)(翻译硕士按专业⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎧⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧-----⎩⎨⎧--601530MA 202440口译复语同传)同传(高翻英语笔译专英英语口译英语笔译英院按学院2.各专业介绍(1)翻译理论与实践(英汉同声传译),简称MA ,也就是传说中的北外同传,是北外的王牌专业,培养目标是英汉同声传译应用型人才;属于外国语言学及应用语言学(专业代码050211)二级学科。
(2)翻译理论与实践(X 英汉同传),即复语同传专业,目标是培养译员至少掌握三门语言,并能应用这三门语言从事会议同声传译和其它类型口笔译工作的应用型人才,分俄英汉、法英汉、德英汉、西英汉等方向的复语同声传译;属于外国语言学及应用语言学(专业代码050211)二级学科。
(3)英语笔译翻译硕士,以培养高级英汉笔译实践人才为目标。
专用英语学院2016年开设英语笔译专业,和英语学院的英语笔译相比,课程设置兼顾传统,更重视实用文体翻译,满足培养对象及社会的需求。
专业代码为055101.(4)英语口译翻译硕士,以培养高级英汉口译实践人才为目标。
高翻学院的口译翻译硕士和英汉同传专业虽然一个是专业型,一个是学术型,但课程和培养模式其实差别不大。
北京外国语大学英语学院及专业介绍、分数线、报录比

翻译学
163 14 9%
226
翻译硕士
202 50 25%
207
外
国
文 英美文论与文化研究 26 5 19%
213
学
所
4
2
2015 年 50 人 2014 年 50 人 2013 年 46 人 2012 年 46 人 2011 年 40 人 4、英语口译(MTI 口译):2016 年开设
英语学院 2011 年硕士研究生考试报录比
学 院
研究方向
报考人数
英语语言文学与应用语 言学
122
英美文学
138
英 美国社会文化研究
2011 年:①英语语言学与应用语言学方向招生 20 人;②英美文学方向招生 20 人;③美国研究方向招生 20 人;④英国研究方向招生 12 人;⑤澳大利亚研 究方向招生 8 人;⑥爱尔兰研究方向招生 8 人;⑦英美文论与文化研究方向招生 5 人。 2.翻译学专业
⑴专业方向:英语翻译理论与实践 ⑵考试科目:①101 政治;②二外(242 俄语、243 法语、244 德语、245 日 语、246 西班牙语,选一);③611 英语基础测试(技能);④812 英汉互译(笔 译)。 ⑶历年招生人数: 2015 年 9 人 2014 年 10 人 2013 年 10 人 2012 年 10 人 2011 年 10 人 3.英语笔译(MTI 笔译) ⑴专业方向:英语笔译 ⑵考试科目:①101 政治;②翻译硕士外语(212 俄语、213 日语、214 法语、 215 德语选一);③357 英语翻译基础;④448 汉语写作与百科知识。 (注:北外翻译硕士的外语考试科目“翻译硕士外语”即第二外语,如“214 翻译硕士法语”与“243 二外法语”的参考书目和考试内容均相同) ⑶历年招生人数:
北京外国语大学英语国家语言研究考博参考书目导师笔记重点

二、初试考试内容
学科、专 业名称
研究方向
研究领域
外国语
蓝纯
1-2
初试考试科目
专业科目一
专业科目二
050201 英语语言
文学
英语国家语言 研究
(001 英语学 院)
认知语言学
二外(俄语、法
语、德语、日 语、西班牙语
普通语言学
认知语言学/认知诗学
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ任选一种)
三、部分科目参考书目
研究方向
参考书目
20 世纪加拿大女 性小说研究(英语 学院耿力平教授)
wwwyumingeducom考博分校考博考试信息辅导课程可咨询育明教育考博分校北京外国语大学英语国家语言研究考博参考书目导师笔记重点一专业的设置导师及招生计划学科专业名称研究方向研究领域指导教师招生人数050201英语语言文英语国家语言研究001英语学院认知语言学12二初试考试内容学科专业名称研究方向研究领域初试考试科目外国语专业科目一专业科目二050201英语语言文学英语国家语言研究001英语学认知语言学二外俄语法语德语日语西班牙语任选一种普通语言学认知语言学认知诗学三部分科目参考书目研究方向参考书目20世纪加拿大女性小说研究英语学院耿力平教授wjkeith加拿大英语文学史北京大学出版社20092northropfryebushgarden
of Minnesota Press, 1997. 4、 Robert J. C. Young. Postcolonialism: An Historical Introduction. Oxford:
Blackwell Publishers, 2001. 5、 Jonathan Culler. On Deconstruction: Theory and Criticism after Structuralism.
MTI北外百科真题

MTI北外百科真题篇一:2016年北京外国语大学翻译硕士MTI试题真题及答案才思教育网址:2016年北京外国语大学翻译硕士MTI试题真题及答案各位考研的同学们,大家好!我是才思的一名学员,现在已经顺利的考上研究生,今天和大家分享一下这个专业的真题,方便大家准备考研,希望给大家一定的帮助。
百科写作标准答案一、名词解释鲧(gǔn)鲧,姓姬,字熙。
黄帝的后代,昌意之孙,姬颛顼之子,姒文命(大禹)之父。
三吏唐朝诗人杜甫的三首诗:《石壕吏》、《新安吏》、《潼关吏》。
佛教四大名山即山西五台山、浙江普陀山、四川峨眉山、安徽九华山,分别供奉文殊菩萨、观音菩萨、普贤菩萨、地藏菩萨。
有“金五台、银普陀、铜峨眉、铁九华”之称。
四大名山随着佛教的传入,自汉代开始建寺庙,修道场,延续至清末。
明清之际三大思想家即李贽、黄宗羲、顾炎武。
李贽主张是非标准依照时代变化而变化,反对以孔子的是非为标准;认为穿衣吃饭就是“人伦物理”,人不能脱离基本的物质生活去空谈仁义道德。
黄宗羲提出了“天下为主,君为客”的民主思想,这就是他对儒家思想的批判。
顾炎武倡导经世致用。
五代五代十国,一般又简称“五代”。
唐朝灭亡之后,在中原地区相继出现了后梁、后唐、后晋、后汉和后周五个朝代以及割据于西蜀、江南、岭南和河东等地的十几个政权,合称五代十国。
“五代”更偏向于这五个位于中原的王朝,正统史学家们一般称五代为中央王朝。
五代并不是一个指朝代,而是指介于唐宋之间的一个特殊的历史时期。
颜柳颜是颜真卿,柳是柳公权;二人与欧阳询均为唐代楷书大家,常与元代赵孟頫并称:颜柳赵欧。
本草纲目该书由明朝伟大的医药学家李时珍(1518—1593)为修改古代医书中的错误、对本草学进行的全面整理,前后历时29年。
书中载有药物1892种,包括新药374种,收集药方11096个,还绘制了1160幅精美的插图。
全书共190余万字,分52卷,16部、60类。
古代四大发明四大发明是指中国古代对世界具有重大影响的四种发明,即造纸术、指南针、火药、活字印刷术。
2020年考研北京外国语大学初试 611 基础英语回忆版

1. 英语改错30分难度系数中等,个人感觉很注重考察短语搭配,还有连词介词的使用。
2.四篇阅读前两篇为单项选择第三篇T and F第四篇六选五阅读文章应该是来自经济学人等报刊,幸运的是今年的第三篇阅读是我考前刚刚读过的,考场上有点小开心,把原文附上:Masters of the universeForget Gordon Gekko. Computers increasingly call the shots in financial marketsThe job of capital markets is to process information so that savings flow to the best projects and firms. That makes high finance sound simple; in reality it is dynamic and intoxicating. It reflects a changing world. Today’s markets, for instance, are grappling with a trade war and low interest rates. But it also reflects changes within finance, which constantly reinvents itself in a perpetual struggle to gain a competitive edge. As our Briefing reports, the latest revolution is in full swing. Machines are taking control of investing—not just the humdrum buying and selling of securities, but also the commanding heights of monitoring the economy and allocating capital.Funds run by computers that follow rules set by humans account for 35% of America’s stock market, 60% of institutional equity assets and 60% of trading activity. New artificial-intelligence programs are also writing their own investing rules, in ways their human masters only partly understand. Industries from pizza-delivery to Hollywood are being changed by technology, but finance is unique because it can exert voting power over firms, redistribute wealth and cause mayhem in the economy.Because it deals in huge sums, finance has always had the cash to adopt breakthroughs early. The first transatlantic cable, completed in 1866, carried cotton prices between Liverpool and New York. Wall Street analysts were early devotees of spreadsheet software, such as Excel, in the 1980s. Since then, computers have conquered swathes of the financial industry. First to go w as the chore of “executing” buy and sell orders. Visit a trading floor today and you will hear the hum of servers, not the roar of traders. High-frequency trading exploits tiny differences in the prices of similar securities, using a barrage of transactions. In the past decade computers have graduated to running portfolios. Exchange-traded funds (ETFS) and mutual funds automatically track in dices of shares and bonds. Last month these vehicles had $4.3trn invested in American equities, exceeding the sums actively run by humans for the first time. A strategy known as smart-beta isolates a statistical characteristic —volatility, say—and loads up on securities that exhibit it. An elite of quantitative hedge funds, most of them on America’s east coast, uses comp lex black-box mathematics to invest some $1trn. As machines prove themselves in equities and derivatives, they are growing in debt markets, too.All the while, computers are gaining autonomy. Software programs using AI devise their own strategies without needing human guidance. Some hedge funders are skeptical about AI but, as processing power grows, so do its abilities. And consider the flow of information, the lifeblood of markets. Human fund managers read reports and meet firms under strict insider-trading and disclosure laws. These are designed to control what is in the publicdomain and ensure everyone has equal access to it. Now an almost infinite supply of new data and processing power is creating novel ways to assess investments. For example, some fu nds try to use satellites to track retailers’ car parks, and scrape inflation data from e-commerce sites. Eventually they could have fresher information about firms than even their boards do.Until now the rise of computers has democratized finance by cutting costs. A typical ETF charges 0.1% a year, compared with perhaps 1% for an active fund. You can buy ETFS on your phone. An ongoing price war means the cost of trading has collapsed, and markets are usually more liquid than ever before. Especially when the returns on most investments are as low as today’s, it all adds up. Yet the emerging era of machine-dominated finance raises worries, any of which could imperil these benefits.One is financial stability. Seasoned investors complain that computers can distort asset prices, as lots of algorithms chase securities with a given characteristic and then suddenly ditch them. Regulators worry that liquidity evaporates as markets fall. These claims can be overdone—humans are perfectly capable of causing carnage on their own, and computers can help manage risk. Nonetheless, a series of “flash-crashes” and spooky incidents have occurred, including a disruption in ETF prices in 2010, a crash in sterling in October 2016 and a slump in debt prices in December last year. These dislocations might become more severe and frequent as computers become more powerful.Another worry is how computerized finance could concentrate wealth. Because performance rests more on processing power and data, those with clout could make a disproportionate amount of money. Quant investors argue that any edge they have is soon competed away. However, some funds are paying to secure exclusive rights to data. Imagine, for example, if Amazon (whose boss, Jeff Bezos, used to work for a quant fund) started trading using its proprietary information on e-commerce, or JP Morgan Chase used its internal data on credit-card flows to trade the Treasury bond market. These kinds of hypothetical conflicts could soon become real.A final concern is corporate governance. For decades company boards have been voted in and out of office by fund managers on behalf of their clients. What if those shares are run by computers that are agnostic, or worse, have been programmed to pursue a narrow objective such as getting firms to pay a dividend at all costs? Of course humans could override this. For example, Black Rock, the biggest ETF firm, gives firms guidance on strategy and environmental policy. But that raises its own problem: if assets flow to a few big fund managers with economies of scale, they will have disproportionate voting power over the economy.The greatest innovations in finance are unstoppable, but often lead to crises as they find their feet. In the 18th century the joint-stock company created bubbles, before going on to make large- scale business possible in the 19th century. Securitisation caused the subprime debacle, but is today an important tool for laying off risk. The broad principles of market regulation are eternal: equal treatment of all customers, equal access to information and the promotion of competition. However, the computing revolution looks as if it will make today’s rules look horribly out of date. Human investors are about to discover that they are no longer the smartest guys in the room.High finance:financial transactions involving large amounts of money.Intoxicate: (of alcoholic drink or a drug) cause (someone) to lose control of their faculties or behavior.perpetual:continuing for a long period of time without interruptionIn full swing:在热烈进行中;处于兴盛阶段Humdrum: boring and always the samesecurity(证券)Commanding heights:制高点Equity:资产Mayhem:慌乱,骚乱Devotee:狂热崇拜者Spreadsheet 电子表格Swathes of 一大片的A barrage of 接二连三的ETFS交易所交易基金;Portfolios:有价证券组合quantitative hedge: 对冲基金Volatility 反复性,挥发性Black box是世界上第一台移动式的虚拟化数据中心,外观上是一个被漆成黑色的集装箱,方便进行海运和陆运。
考研英语语言文学专业院校排名参考资料

考研英语语言文学专业院校排名参考资料考研英语语言文学专业院校排名考研专业解析系列之英语语言文学专业介绍英语语言文学以英语为学习和研究对象,是属于文学类外国语言文学下的一个学科,是我国设置最早的外语专业之一。
英语语言文学专业研究方向有翻译理论与实践、英美文学、比较文学等。
研究方向:仅供参考01英国文学02美国文学03西方文论04西方文化研究05中西文学比较研究培养目标本专业的培养目标是能够培养厚基础、宽口径的英语实用型人才,熟练掌握听、说、读、写、译等实践技能,深刻了解英语语言、文学以及英语国家历史、社会、文化、政治、经济等知识,并具有扎实的实践能力和比较广博的人文社会科学文化知识和初步的科学研究能力。
了解本学科的研究现状和发展趋势;具有严谨、求实的学风和独立从事科学研究的能力与实践能力;具有较强的外语运用能力,能胜任高校外语教学与研究及涉外工作、且具有独立工作能力的高层次、高素质的专门人才。
第二外语应具有一定的听说能力及熟练阅读本专业外文文献的能力;能熟练运用计算机和网络进行研究工作。
考试科目:仅供参考①101思想政治理论②241二外日语或242二外法语或244二外德语③719基础英语④824英美文学重点学科单位英语语言文学二级国家重点学科:北京大学、北京外国语大学、上海外国语大学、南京大学、湖南师范大学、中山大学、解放军外国语学院院校排名第一档次:北京外国语大学、上海外国语大学、北京大学、南京大学第二档次:湖南师范大学、中山大学、复旦大学、山东大学、厦门大学、华东师范大学、北京师范大学、西南大学、清华大学第三档次:南京师范大学、华中师范大学、浙江大学、东北师范大学、广东外语外贸大学、苏州大学、四川大学、河南大学、福建师范大学、南开大学、四川外语学院、大连外国语学院第四档次:西安外国语大学、中南大学、北京语言大学、上海大学、华中科技大学、天津外国语大学、黑龙江大学、上海交通大学、北京第二外国语学院、陕西师范大学、西北师范大学、湘潭大学、东南大学、华南师范大学、湖南大学、安徽大学、吉林大学、安徽师范大学、上海海事大学、郑州大学、辽宁大学、上海师范大学、中国人民大学、广西师范大学、山东师范大学、江西师范大学、四川师范大学、上海对外贸易学院、西北大学、武汉大学、河北师范大学、首都师范大学、暨南大学、辽宁师范大学、山西大学、河北大学、广西大学、深圳大学等。
北京外国语大学英语基础测试(技能)考研真题及详解(2013~2014)【圣才出品】

北京外国语大学英语基础测试(技能)考研真题及详解(2013~2014)北京外国语大学2014年英语基础测试(技能)考研真题Part I GRAMMAR(30Points)Correct ErrorsThe passage contains ten errors.Each indicated line contains a maximum of one error.In each case,only ONE word is involved.You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word,copy the wrong word to your answer sheet and write the correct one after it.For a missing word,write∧on the answer sheet followed by the word after the missing word,and then write the word which you believe is missing.For an unnecessary word,copy the unnecessary word to your answer sheet and cross it with a slash/.In Hardy's fiction and poetry,letters are ready sources of excitement and suspense,harbingers of loss and disappointment.They go missing,fall to1.______ the wrong hands,or arrive too lately.Most famously,Tess's letter of 2.______ confession,hastily pushed not just under the door but under the carpet too,remains unread by the priggish Angel Clare,as Hardy delivers his mostpowerful attack of the Victorian sexual double standard. 3.______ Hardy's own letters were places for quite reflection and deepening 4.______ emotional ties,for occasional advice,details to visitors of the times of theWaterloo trains,and for public protests towards the iniquity of war 5.______ and against cruelty to animals.They ensured regular contact with their 6.______ friends and the publishing world,contained correctives to readings ofhis work.More than any other form,letters make insight into Hardy's7.______ many—sidedness.Writing in1907to the poet Elspeth Grahame,he expressed admiration,and not little surprise,that she had written8.______ verses on the top of an omnibus.Commiserating with one of his American admirers,Rebekah Owen,for having to get in a plumber,he suggestedthat she took up plumbing herself.Such solid practical advice exists9.______ alongside Hardy the natural modernist,wrote to tell Arthur Symons that10.______ he liked his poem“Haschisch”(the world is“the phantom of a haschisch dream”),discussing timeless reality and the nature of matter at the drop ofa hat.【答案与解析】1.to→into(fall into固定词组,意思为“陷入、落入”。
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北京外国语大学2007年硕士研究生入学考试基础英语试题Please write all the answers on the answer sheets.Time Limit: 3 hoursThe total points for this exam are 150 pointsL Reading Comprehension (50 points)A Multiple Choice (24 points)Please read the passages and choose A > B. C or D to best complete the statements about them.The Quiet CrisisClose games for the Americans were rare in previous Olympics, but now it appears to be something the Americans should get used to.You could find no better metaphor for the way the rest of the world can now compete head-to-head more effectively than ever with America than the struggles of the U.S. Olympic basketball team in 2004・ The American team, made up of NBA stars, limped home to a bronze medal after losing to Puerto Rico, Lithuania, and Argentina・Previously, the United States Olympic basketball team had lost only one game in the history of the modem Olympics. Remember when America sent only NCAA stars to the Olympic basketball events? For a long time these teams totally dominated all corners・ Then they started getting challenged・ So we sent our pros. And they stalled getting challenged・Because the world keeps learning, the diffusion of knowledge happens faster; coaches in other countries now download American coaching methods off the Internet and watch NBA games in their own living rooms on satellite TV. Many of them can even get ESPN and watch the highlight reels. And thanks to the triple convergence, there is a lot of new raw talent walking onto the NBA courts from all over the world一including many new stars from China, Latin America, and Eastern Europe・ They go back and play for their national teams in the Olympics, using the skills they honed in America. So the automatic American superiority of twenty years ago is now gone in Olympic basketball. The NBA standard is increasingly becoming a global commodity一pure vanilla. If the United States wants to continue to dominate in Olympic basketball, we must, in that great sports cliche, step it up a notch・The old standard won^t do anymore. As Joel Cawley of IBM remarked to me, "Star for star, the basketball teams from places like Lithuania or Puerto Rico still don't rank well versus the Americans, but when they play as a team一when they collaborate better than we do, they are extremely competitive?9There is something about post-world War II America that reminds me of the classic wealthy family that by the third generation starts to squander its wealth. The members of the first generation are nose-to-the-grindstone innovators, the second generation holds it all together then their kids come along and get fat, dumb, and lazy and slowly squander it all. I know that is both overly harsh and a gross generalization, but there is, nevertheless, some truth in it. American society started to coast in the 1990s, when our third postwar generation came of age. The dot-com boom left too many people with the impression that they could get rich without investing in hard work. All it took was an MBA and a quick IPO, or one NBA contract, and you were set for life. But while we were admiring the flat world we had created, a lot of people in India, China, andEastern Europe were busy figuring out how to take advantage of it. Lucky for us, we were the only economy standing after World War II, and we had no serious competition for forty years. Thatgave us a huge head of steam but also a huge sense of entitlement and complacency一not to mention a certain tendency in recent years to extol consumption over hard work, investment, and long-term thinking. When we got hit with 9/ 11, it was a once-in-a-generation opportunity to summon the nation to sacrifice, to address some of its pressing fiscal, energy, science, and education shortfalls一all the things that we had let slide. But our president did not summon us to sacrifice. He summoned us to go shopping.The truth is, we are in a crisis now, but it is a crisis that is unfolding very slowly and very quietly. It is a quiet crisis and this quiet crisis involves the steady erosion of America's scientific and engineering base, which has always been the source of American innovation and our rising standard of living・"The sky is not falling, nothing horrible is going to happen today, ” said Jackson, a physicist by training who chooses her words carefully. u The U.S. is still the leading engine for innovation in the world. It has the best graduate programs, the best scientific infrastructure, and the capital markets to exploit it. But there is a quiet crisis in U.S. science and technology that we have to wake up to. The U.S. today is in a truly global environment, and those competitor countries are not only wide awake, they are mnning a marathon while we are running sprints・If left unchecked, this could challenge our preeminence and capacity to innovate・”And it is our ability to constantly innovate new products, services, and companies that has been the source of America's horn of plenty and steadily widening middle class for the last two centuries・ It was American innovators who started Google, Intel, HP, Dell, Microsoft, and Cisco, and it matters where innovation happens・ The fact that all these companies are headquartered in America means that most of the high-paying jobs are here, even if these companies outsource or offshore some functions. The executives, the department heads, the sales force, and the senior researchers are all located in the cities where the innovation happened・And their jobs create more jobs. The shrinking of the pool of young people with the knowledge skills to innovate wont shrink our standard of living overnight. It will be felt only in fifteen or twenty years, when we discover wc have a critical shortage of scientists and engineers capable of doing innovation or even just high-value-added technology work• Then this won't be a quiet crisis anymore, said Jacks on, M it will be the real McCoy. °Today, Americans are feeling the gradual and subtle effects of globalization that challenge the economic and strategic leadership that the United States has enjoyed since World war II .A substantial portion of our work-force finds itself in direct competition for jobs with lower-wage workers around the globe, and leading-edge scientific and engineering work is being accomplished in many parts of the world・ Thanks to globalization, driven by modern communications and other advances, workers in virtually every sector must now face competitors who live just a mouse-click away in Ireland, Finland, China, India, or dozens of other nations whose economies are growing・This has been aptly referred to as "the Death of Distance:(1)Why NBA was mentioned in this passage?A.It serves as a metaphor to illustrate how the globe is competing head-to-head with U.S.B.It presents a fact that NBA is now performing very poorly.C.It sends a message that the U.S. overall strength is dropping.D・ It warns the Americans of the grave situation that the status of its super power does notexist any longer.(2)"Star for star, the basketball teams from places like Lithuania or Puerto Rico still don't rank well versus the Americans, but when they play as a team一when they collaborate better than we do—they are extremely competitive. In this sentence, "Star for star..."means ____ .A.when one team plays against anotherB.The place of the stars in a teamC.The time the star is on the courtD.When individual players of the teams arc playing against each other(3)It is stated in paragraph 3 that people are admiring the flat world. What does “flat'、mean?A.It means that the world is getting bigger and bigger and people are losing a lot of choices.B.It means that the world is getting smaller and globalization is the dominant trend.C.It means that the world is getting smaller and easier (o control.D.It means that the world stops being a round globe・(4)The author thinks that the third generation of Americans ______ ・A.are nose-to-the-grindstone innovatorsB.arc holding the wealth all togetherC・ are becoming more diligent and hard workingD.are starting to squander their wealth(5)What can be inferred of the author^ feeling about the fact that many big companies are headquartered in America?A.Negative.B.Indifferent.C.Positive.D.Worried・(6)What does the word aptly in paragraph 7 mean?A.Suitably.B.Fortunately.C.Adaptively.D.Inappropriately.(7)The" Death of Distance” refers to_______ .A.the dying economy in the U.S. because of the competitions from Ireland, Finland, China andIndiaB.lhe intensified competition between the U.S. and other countries due to globalization andadvanced CommunicationsC.the economies in Ireland and Finland that outperform those in China and IndiaD.the closeness of countries like Ireland and Finland, China and India(8)The title of this passage '"The Quiet Crisis" suggests that ______ .A.the crisis that the U S・ faces is seen clearlyB.the U. S. is not yet in a crisisC.the crisis that the U・ S・ faces unfolds very quicklyD.the current crisis develops slowlyThe Nature of CivilizationsDuring the cold war the world was divided into the First, Second and Third Worlds. Thosedivisions are no longer relevant. It is far more meaningful now to group countries not in terms of their political or economic systems or in terms of their level of economic development but rather in terms of their culture and civilization.What do we mean when we talk of a civilization? A civilization is a cultural entity. Villages, regions, ethnic groups, nationalities, religious groups, all have distinct cultures at different levels of cultural heterogeneity. The culture of a village in southern Italy may be different from that of a village in northern Italy, but both will share in a common Italian culture that distinguishes them from German villages. European communities, in turn, will share cultural features that distinguish them from Arab or Chinese communities. Arabs, Chinese and Westerners, however, are not part of any broader cultural entity. They constitute civilizations・ A civilization is thus the highest cultural grouping of people and the broadest level of cultural identity people have short of that which distinguishes humans from other species・ It is defined both by common objective elements, such as language, history, religion, customs, institutions, and by the subjective self-identification of people・People have levels of identity: a resident of Rome may define himself with varying degrees of intensity as a Roman, an Italian, a Catholic, a Christian, a European, or a Westerner. The civilization to which he belongs is the broadest level of identification with which he intensely identifies. People can and do redefine their identities and・as a result, the composition and boundaries of civilizations change・Civilizations may involve a large number of people, as with China ("a civilization pretending to be a state, H as Lucian Pye put it), or a very small number of people, such as the Anglophone Caribbean. A civilization may include several nation states, as is the case with Western, Latin American and Arab civilizations, or only one, as is the case with Japanese civilization. Civilizations obviously blend and overlap, and may include subcivilizations. Western civilization has two major variants, European and North American, and Islam has its Arab, Turkic and Malay subdivisions・ Civilizations are nonetheless meaningful entities, and while the lines between them arc seldom sharp, they arc real. Civilizations arc dynamic; they rise and fall; they divide and merge. And, as any student of history knows, civilizations disappear and are buried in the sands of time.Westerners (end Io think of nation states as (he principal actors in global affairs・ They have been that, however, for only a few centuries・ The broader reaches of human history have been the history of civilizations. In A Study of History, Arnold Toynbee identified 21 major civilizations; only six of them exist in the contemporary world.(9)According to the passage, what is a more meaningful way now to group countries as compared with the Cold War period?A.In terms of political systems.B.In terms of the level of economic development.C・ In terms of the culture only.D・ In terms of culture and civilization.(10)The author states that a civilization is ______ .A.a cultural entityB.a custom practiced in villages, regions, ethnic groups, nationalities, or religious groupsC.not with any cultural heterogeneityD.nol blending or overlapping with other civilizations(11)According to this passage, how many subdivisions does the Islam Civilization have?A.None・B.One.C.Two.D.Three.(12)It can be inferred from the passage that the author of this passage _________ the following statement: ^Westerners tend to think of nation states as the principal actors in global affairs?5A.agrees withB.disagrees withC.detestsD.does not mention if he agrees or not withB True or False (12 points)Below is a passage followed by six statements・ Read the passage carefully and then decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F)The American CharacterThe American is wonderfully alive; and his vitality, not having often found a suitable outlet, makes him appear agitated on the surface; he is always letting off an unnecessarily loud blast of incidental steam・ Yet his vitality is not superficial; it is inwardly prompted, and as sensitive and quick as a magnetic needle. He is inquisitive, and ready with an answer to any question that he may put to himself of his own accord; but if you try to pour instruction into him, on matters that do not touch his own spontaneous life, he shows the most extraordinary powers of resistance and forgetfulness; so that he often is remarkably expert in some directions and surprisingly slow in others・ He seems to bear lightly the sorrowful burden of human knowledge・ In a word, he is young・What sense is there in this feeling, which we all have that the American is young? His country is blessed with as many elderly people as any other, and his descent from Adam, or from the Darwinian rival of Adam, cannot be shorter than that of his European cousins・ Nor are his ideas always very fresh・ Old conventions and rigid bits of morality and religion, with much seemly and antique political understanding, remain clear-cut in him, as in the mind of a child; he may carry all this about with an unquestioning familiarity which does not comport understanding・To keep traditional sentiments in this way untouched and uncriticised is itself a sign of youth. A good young man is naturally conservative and loyal on all those subjects which his experience has not brought to a test; advanced opinions on politics, marriage, or literature are comparatively rare in America; they are left for the ladies to discuss, and usually to condemn, while the men get on with their work・In spite of what is old fashioned in his more general ideas, the American is unmistakably young; and this, I should say, for two reasons: one, that he is chiefly occupied withhis immediate environment, and the other, that his reactions upon it are inwardly prompted, spontaneous, and full of vivacity and self-trust・ His views are not yet lengthened; his will is not yet broken or transformed. The present moment, however, in this, as in other things, may mark a great change in him; he is perhaps now reaching his majority, and all I say may hardly apply today and may not apply at all tomorrow・ I speak of him as I have known him; and whatever moral strength may occur to him later, I am not sorry to have known him in his youth・ The charm of youth, even when it is a little boisterous, obvious obedience to that pure, seminal principle which, having formed the body and its organs, always directs their movement, unless it is forced by vice or necessity to make them crooked, or remains young, and, wherever it is able to break through, sprouts into something green and tender. We are all as young at heart as the most youthful American, but the seed in his case has fallen upon virgin soil, where it may spring up more bravely and with less respect for the giants of the wood・ People seem older when their perennial natural youth is encumbered with more possessions and prepossessions, and they are mindful of the many things they have lost or missed. The American is not mindful to them.(13)Americans9 vitality is fairly superficial because deep down in their heart, they are very young.(14)Americans tend to be resistant to the things they are told to do and to the things they do notfeel very strongly about.(15)Americans are young because in their country, there are not as many elderly people as thosein any other European countries・(16)A good young man here is generally quite avant-garde, refuting all conventions and traditions.(17)We are all as young at heart as the most youthful Americans but our seed is growing uponvirgin soil.(18)In general, the American character is ambiguous and mysterious.C Gap Filling (14 poin⑸Please choose the best sentence from the list after the passage to fill each of the gaps in the text.Selling out to the StudentsUniversity faculties involve themselves unwittingly in the destruction of the university when they bow to all the pressures of their students and loosen up on requirements. (19) _________ .The students will organize a vote and abolish the language requirement and abolish the science requirement, and then they'll decide they ought to get two units or five units for learning the sita匚As a faculty member my feeling about all this nonsense is that it's not worth fighting for the innovations the students want because they're utterly trivial.(20) _______ .what he wants is to avoid some obvious difficulty, like reading something he doesn't like to read, or having a sadistic exam, or having to sit still for three hours a week listening to some bore talk about something the student feels he ought not to be required to listen to in the first place・Its stupid to expect genuine educational insights to come from kids who are the products of this system. (21) ________ .But the faculties will do it. They'll do it because they feel guilty about their approach to teaching. They'll do it in ways that wont interfere with what their departments are doing. (22) ______ .A good teacher is somebody who is not interested in his own ideas, he is interested in somebodyelse's mind, but the young faculty member in a university typically is bursting with hisown ideas, and his notion of teaching is to tell those ideas to other people・ This has nothing to do with teaching・(23) ____ ・Say that a faculty meeting is scheduled to discuss some utterly meaningless provisions of the curriculum. The students come in with a charming protest against it and a rather neat solution:(24) _______ .This presupposes the continued existence of courses・With student-initiated coursesbeing added all the time, it only strengthens the course system• But the real aim should be to get rid of the course system altogethe匚A teacher gives it another decade of life by saying to a student, “O. K, you object to the course system? What do you want a course in?99 And he says, "African bead, ‘‘ or what not. ”Sold! Go to it.H And so the student goes to it and earns three units ・(25)_ .The fact is, however, that he winds up with contempt for a faculty that permits this sort of thing to go on. The depressing thing is to see, under the guise of revolution, simply the old middle class individualistic free market being pushed to its ultimate absurdity in the name of student consumer demand. To confuse this with revolution in education is tragic.In the meantime he has stopped objecting to courses for a while・They want anything but things taught at universities.To turn academic decisions over to them is ludicrous.The kids will get what they think they want, which isn't really what they want.Confronted with student power the faculty member gives in, and it doesn't bother him because he gets to be a hero by voting yes for freedom.M Thc courses ought to be divided into three groups: a third in the major, a third not in the major, and the other third the student can do anything he wants with/'Teaching is the art of developing or cultivating another mind, and helping it to increase its powers ・The educational imagination of a product for a student of a university is not very significant.IL Please read the following passage and translate the underlined parts into Chinese. (50 points, 5 points each)A Journey by Train: Making Tracks in EuropeWe're taking a train across Europe, from the coast of France all the way to Athens, a trip that has our friends expressing their concern. (26)The general feeling seems to be that France and Italy are free—but the ferry fiom Italy and the train ride across Greece? They call it “traveling rough:The first leg is easy, from the French port of Calais to Paris. And very comfortable too. (27) One of (he benefits of a Eurail pass is (hal you get lo travel firs] class (unless youle using a youth pass), and for (he firs( time in our lives we ride a (rain in a "compartment,just as in the movies. These compartments seat six but today wele the only occupants so we spread ourselves and our luggage around・(28)Our reward: three days in Paris. We thrill to all the things youTe supposed to thrill (o—(he Eiffel Tower, the Louvre, (he Arc de Triomphe・ Bui the really memorable momciH in (his city is one of those spontaneous human events you can never plan for. The trick of traveling, I guess, is to be ready to savor whatever happens・Fm standing on the comer by one of the famous bridges across the River Seine, the PontNeuf. (29)There's nothing special about it. In a city battered by the roar of endless cars, it's just another crossroads where two large streams of traffic meet. All roar、more roar and uproar. (Cars are the great bane of Europe・ The inner city streets of most of the old cities were never designed for this sort of traffic一and it shows.)(30)1 pause among the surging Dedestrians to ease my weary feet. That's when I hear it. Rising triumphantly above the howl of the traffic、catchy music jingles in the air. I look around me Ifs coming from...an organ grinder(街头手风琴师).(31)Everyonc is huirying and straining to be somewhere else・ But my wiry little organ grinder pours his heail into bringing this comer alive with his music. Old favourite songs dance gaily above our heads—“Can Can':“Lara's Theme”,44Funiculi-Funicula n—these popular songs from past decades have a European father than an American flavou匚(32)Amazingly、a furry ca( is fast nsleep on top of the music machine ignoring everything around it as if this was some peaceful garden mther than a precarious perch that shakes with every turn of its owner's arm. And in a basket by the organs pram wheels, a dog dreams peacefully while commuters pour out from an underground station.My organ grinder has discovered the miracle of perpetual motion・ Round and round goes his arm, his body rocking to the effort. (33)Casually he transfeis the handle from one hand to the other catching it as it twirls、the music leaping around him as if it would whisk him and his machine over the rooftops and away past Noire Dame Calhednd (巴黎圣母院)or along the Champs Elysees (香榭刖舍人道).Mind you, he's not the only one presiding over this noisy come匚Two police officers arc here as well, charged with maintaining order. One is male, youthful and confident. (34) The other is… well, a police girL Her gun is almost as big as she is. Her weapon belt sags on her hips・Maybe in a couple of years she JI develop into a policewoman, but it JI take leasl thal long to grow inlo her oITicial-issuc liouscrs・But, petite as she is, this Parisienne carries with her all the authority of the French gendarmerie・ The traffic at the corner is clogging up-as it does repeatedly during my half-hour here・ Boldly she blows her whistle and strides out into the surge of traffic・(35)Angry cars growl to a hall and sullenly crouch al her feel, snarling lheir annoyance、freeing lo be away. Bui, cowed by her tiny amn they bite back their fnistnition and wait till this unifonned child waves them on.III. Translate the following passage into English. (50 points)学问与趣味由小学到中学,所修习的无非是一些普通的基本知识。