CARBON CAPTURE AND SEQUESTRATION R&D Approaches碳捕获与封存R&D的方法
未来对人类有益的发明英语作文
未来对人类有益的发明英语作文The Future of Beneficial Inventions for Humanity.As we look ahead to the future, it's exciting to imagine the potential inventions that could significantly benefit humanity. From advancements in technology and medicine to environmental solutions and beyond, the possibilities are endless. Let's explore some of the potential inventions that could have a profound impact on our world in the coming years.1. Advanced Renewable Energy Solutions.As the global demand for energy continues to rise, so does the need for sustainable and renewable energy sources. Future inventions in this area could include more efficient solar panels, wind turbines, and hydroelectric systems. Additionally, we could see the development of new types of renewable energy, such as wave energy or even algae-based biofuels. These advancements would not only help to reduceour carbon footprint but also provide reliable and affordable energy to people across the globe.2. Advanced Medical Technologies.Medicine is constantly evolving, and the future of healthcare is poised to be even more remarkable. We could see the development of personalized medicine, where treatments are tailored to the individual's genetics and lifestyle. This could lead to more effective and less invasive treatments for a wide range of diseases. Furthermore, nanotechnology could revolutionize healthcare, with nano-sized robots potentially used to target and destroy cancer cells or repair damaged tissue.3. Advanced Artificial Intelligence.Artificial intelligence (AI) is already transforming many industries, and the future is sure to bring even more remarkable advancements. AI systems could become even more intelligent and autonomous, able to make complex decisions and solve problems with unprecedented speed and accuracy.This could lead to improvements in areas like autonomous vehicles, robotics, and even education, where AI-powered tutoring systems could personalize learning for students.4. Environmental Solutions.As the impact of climate change becomes increasingly apparent, the need for effective environmental solutions is urgent. Future inventions could include more advanced carbon capture and sequestration technologies to help reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, we could see the development of new materials and technologies that are more sustainable and eco-friendly, such as biodegradable plastics or solar-powered construction materials. These inventions would not only help to mitigate the impact of climate change but also create a more sustainable and habitable planet for future generations.5. Advanced Space Exploration Technologies.Space exploration has always fascinated humankind, and the future is poised to bring even more remarkableadvancements in this area. We could see the development of more advanced rockets and spacecraft, enabling us to reach distant planets and stars with unprecedented speed and efficiency. Furthermore, we could see the establishment of permanent human settlements in space, allowing us to expand our reach and explore the universe even further.In conclusion, the future of inventions for humanity is incredibly exciting. From renewable energy solutions to advanced medical technologies and environmental solutions, the potential for positive change is vast. As we continue to innovate and invent, it's important to remember that these advancements should be used responsibly and with the aim of benefiting society as a whole. By working together, we can create a more sustainable, healthy, and prosperous future for all.。
碳汇
1，森林碳汇是指森林植物吸收大气中的二氧化碳并将其固定在植被或土壤中，从而减少该气体在大气中的浓度。
森林是陆地生态系统中最大的碳库，在降低大气中温室气体浓度、减缓全球气候变暖中，具有十分重要的独特作用。
有关资料表明，森林面积虽然只占陆地总面积的1/3，但森林植被区的碳储量几乎占到了陆地碳库总量的一半。
树木通过光合作用吸收了大气中大量的二氧化碳，减缓了温室效应。
这就是通常所说的森林的碳汇作用。
二氧化碳是林木生长的重要营养物质。
它把吸收的二氧化碳在光能作用下转变为糖、氧气和有机物，为生物界提供枝叶、茎根、果实、种子，提供最基本的物质和能量来源。
这一转化过程，就形成了森林的固碳效果。
森林是二氧化碳的吸收器、贮存库和缓冲器。
反之，森林一旦遭到破坏，则变成了二氧化碳的排放源。
为缓解全球气候变暖趋势，1997年12月由149个国家和地区的代表在日本京都通过了《京都议定书》，2005年2月16日在全球正式生效。
旨在减少全球温室气体排放的《京都议定书》是一部限制世界各国二氧化碳排放量的国际法案。
它规定，所有发达国家在2008年到2012年间必须将温室气体的排放量比1990年削减5.2%。
同时规定，包括中国和印度在内的发展中国家可自愿制定削减排放量目标。
在此后一系列气候公约国际谈判中，国际社会对森林吸收二氧化碳的汇聚作用越来越重视。
《波恩政治协议》、《马拉喀什协定》将造林、再造林等林业活动纳入《京都议定书》确立的清洁发展机制，鼓励各国通过绿化、造林来抵消一部分工业源二氧化碳的排放，原则同意将造林、再造林作为第一承诺期合格的清洁发展机制项目，意味着发达国家可以通过在发展中国家实施林业碳汇项目抵消其部分温室气体排放量。
2003年12月召开的《联合国气候变化框架公约》第九次缔约方大会，国际社会已就将造林、再造林等林业活动纳入碳汇项目达成了一致意见，制定了新的运作规则，为正式启动实施造林、再造林碳汇项目创造了有利条件。
森林碳汇是指森林植物通过光合作用将大气中的二氧化碳吸收并固定在植被与土壤当中，从而减少大气中二氧化碳浓度的过程。
二氧化碳论文：二氧化碳碳捕集和封存碳酸盐沉淀钙镁离子
二氧化碳论文：二氧化碳碳捕集和封存碳酸盐沉淀钙镁离子【中文摘要】全球气候变化已成为人类目前所面临的最主要的环境问题之一。
CO2的捕集和封存是减缓温室效应,避免出现全球气候灾害的必要措施。
C02排放所引起的气候变化是全球性的、多层次的,因而人类的应对措施也不可能是单一的,必然是百花齐放,任何单一技术或方式都不可能解决全部问题。
本文提出了一种新的碳封存方式——利用形成难溶碳酸盐沉淀的方式来进行CO2封存。
此方法利用海水等富含钙镁离子的媒介,与含有CO2的气流进行传质反应,促使CO2向液相溶解并向CO；-转化,并结合钙镁离子生成难溶的钙镁碳酸盐沉淀,实现CO2在固相中的安全、长久、稳定封存。
首先,对海水脱碳的原理进行了分析。
海水捕集封存C02所依赖的是由气-液-固三相组成的联动的碳酸盐体系,其流程是C02从气相中进入液相,在液相中转化成HCO3-和CO32-,然后液相中的CO32-结合钙镁离子从液相中析出,成为碳酸盐固相。
这一过程的两个主要驱动力是气态CO2的压力和海水溶液的碱度,也就是pH值,对这两个要素在热力学平衡状态时对海水碳酸盐体系各成分的影响进行了分析。
单位体积海水捕集封存CO2的潜力估算表明,以海水为媒介进行碳捕集封存是一种可行的、有潜力的方法,并且浓海水、工业废水、地下卤水以及盐田废水等可以作为海水的替代,有利于因地制宜地应用此工艺,提高了此法的适用性。
其次,在理论分析的基础上,开展了海水脱碳的试验研究,即C02气流与一定碱度的海水在鼓泡床反应器中传质反应。
海水溶液保持一定的碱度是C02碳酸盐化过程顺利进行的必要条件。
在常温常压下,海水脱碳适宜的pH值范围是8-10,弱碱及其共轭盐是良好的提高海水碱度的添加剂,比如氨-氯化铵缓冲溶液。
反应开始后,酸性气体C02的通入使海水溶液开始酸化,pH值持续降低,海水体系中CO32-的含量不断上升,达到沉淀临界浓度时,结合Ca2+和Mg2+从溶液中以碳酸盐沉淀的形式析出。
GRE阅读高频机经原文及答案：雄性动物养孩子
GRE阅读高频机经原文及答案：雄性动物养孩子想必大家在备考gre考试的时候，最喜欢的就是吸取新鲜的考试真题，这样对自己的能力也是一个考验，最能检验自己目前的能力在什么水平，今天小编为大家带来的就是GRE阅读高频机经原文及答案：雄性动物养孩子!GRE阅读高频机经原文及答案：雄性动物养孩子雄性动物养孩子The main exception to primate researchers’ general pattern of ignoring interactions between males and infants has been the study of male care among monogamous primates. It has been known for over 200 years, ever since a zoologist-illustrator named George Edwards decided to watch the behavior of pet marmosets in a London garden, that among certain species of New World monkeys males contributed direct care for infants that equaled or exceeded that given by females. Mothers among marmosets and tamarins typically give birth to twins, as often as twice a year, and to ease the female in her staggering reproductive burden the male carries the infant at all times except when the mother is actually suckling it. It was assumed by Kleiman that monogamy and male confidence of paternity were essential to the evolution of such care, and at the same time, it was assumed by Symons and others that monogamy among primates must be fairly rare.Recent findings, however, make it necessary to reverse this picture. First of all, monogamy among primates turns out to be rather more frequent than previously believed (either obligate or facultive monogamy can be documented for some 17-20 percent of extant primates) and second, male care turns out to be far more extensive than previously thought and notnecessarily confined to monogamous species, according to Hrdy. Whereas previously, it was assumed that monogamy and male certainty of paternity facilitated the evolution of male care, it now seems appropriate to consider the alternative possibility, whether the extraordinary capacity of male primates to look out for the fates of infants did not in some way pre-adapt members of this order for the sort of close, long-term relationships between males and females that, under some ecological circumstances, leads to monogamy! Either scenario could be true. The point is that on the basis of present knowledge there is no reason to view male care as a restricted or specialized phenomenon. In sum, though it remains true that mothers among virtually all primates devote more time and/or energy to rearing infants than do males, males nonetheless play a more varied and critical role in infant survival than is generally realized.1. The author of the passage mentions the work of Hrdy primarily toA. present an instance of an untenable assumptionB. illustrate a consensus by citing a representative claimC. provide evidence that challenges a beliefD. highlight a corollary of a widespread viewE. offer data that help resolve a debate2. According to the passage, the evolutionary relationship between male care and monogamy isA. incontestableB. immutableC. uncommonD. immaterialE. uncertain3. The author of the passage suggests that it is “appropriateto consider the alternative possibility” because the previous viewA. results in a contradictionB. depends on problematic dataC. appears less definite given certain factsD. conflates two distinct phenomenaE. overlooks a causal relationship between correlated phenomena4. Which of the following statements, if true, would pose the grea test challenge to “the alternative possibility”?A. The number of primate species in which male care of infants is exhibited is greater than the number of primate species that practice monogamy.B. Male care of infants among primates can be seen earlier in the evolutionary record than can monogamy among primates.C. Monogamous relationships among primates can be found in species living in a variety of physical environments.D. Most primate species that practice monogamy do not show any evidence of male care of infants.E. Male care of infants can be observed in some primate species that lack male confidence of paternity.答案：CECAGRE阅读容易被你所忽视的三类词汇perspective 透视画法;观点，方法;前景，远景prospect 前景，景色;前途;勘探，寻找appreciate 理解，认识，意识到;欣赏;感激elaborate v.&adj. 精心制作，详细描述;精心制作的address v.从事，忙于;n. 演讲appropriate v. 拨给(资金)，盗用/ adj.合适的strain n. 血统，品系，菌株;紧张，张力;v.扭伤，拉紧article n. 物品，商品intrigue v.&n 激发兴趣;密谋;阴谋intriguing adj. 激发兴趣的assume v. 承担，担任;假装;假设bark n. 树皮;犬吠bill n.议案，法案;鸟嘴;账单champion vt. 支持，拥护;n.冠军aging n.老化，陈酿complex n. 综合体 adj.复杂的concern n. 公司(垄断组织“康采恩”就是它的音译)attribute v.&n 归因于;特征，属性default n.&v. 不履行;违约;拖欠;默认(值)drill vt. 钻(孔);训练，操练exploit v. 开发，利用n. 功绩fair n. 集市，交易会;adj.公平的，美丽的 adv.公平地，直接地fairly adv. 相当地，公平地game n. 猎物，野味fashion vt. 形成，塑造 n.时尚，方式inviting adj. 引人注目的，吸引人的alternate v.&adj. 交替，轮流; 交替的alternating adj.交互的，交替的alternative n.&adj. 可供选择的方案(option);选择性的(optional) GRE阅读如何把握作者写作态度有利于解题1.社会现象.作者反对将社会现象拔高到阶级、政治、意识形态或超人性的高度，反对各种左派思想、革命主张和马克思主义。
关于全球变暖应对措施的高考英语作文
关于全球变暖应对措施的高考英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Imperative to Address Global Warming-induced global warming poses an existential threat to our world that demands urgent and comprehensive action. As a high school student, I worry about the environmental catastrophe we are leaving for future generations if decisive steps are not taken immediately. Solving this crisis requires a multi-faceted approach involving transitioning to renewable energy sources, implementing more sustainable agricultural and industrial practices, and fostering international cooperation and public awareness.The primary driver of global warming is the emission of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas. Transitioning our energy infrastructure from these dirty sources to clean, renewable alternatives like solar, wind and hydroelectric power is crucial. While upfront costs can be high, renewable energy is ultimately cheaper than fossil fuels when you account for health and environmental costs. Tax credits, subsidies and other incentives are needed to accelerate clean energy adoption and drivetechnological innovation to improve efficiency and storage capacity.Carbon capture and storage technologies that trap emissions from power plants and industrial facilities also show promise, but have yet to be implemented at scale. Planting more trees which absorb and store carbon dioxide is a simple,low-tech solution we can implement today. The sustainable management of forests, grasslands and coastal ecosystems is vital both for carbon sequestration and biodiversity protection.In the transportation sector, shifting to electric vehicles and investing in mass transit systems is key to reducing emissions from gas-guzzling cars and trucks. Aviation and shipping remain difficult sectors to decarbonize, so rationing or taxing these high-polluting activities may be required as an interim step until feasible green alternatives emerge.Agriculture accounts for a huge proportion of global emissions through deforestation, fertilizer use and livestock. Minimizing food waste, promoting more plant-based diets, and developing low-emission fertilizers can shrink this footprint. Improving storage and distribution systems, especially in developing nations, is also critical in order to feed growing populations sustainably.Industry too must adapt with a transition to low-emission production processes, energy efficiency measures, and innovative materials like green cement and hydrogen-based steel and chemicals manufacturing. Phasing out hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants and other potent greenhouse gases is also essential.Adaptation measures will still be needed to increase resilience to the climate impacts that are now inevitable, like rising seas, droughts, fires, storms and heat waves. This includes fortifying infrastructure, conserving water resources, developing drought/flood-resistant crops, expanding access to cooling systems, securing food supply chains and creating emergency preparedness plans.On a personal level, individuals can take simple actions like moderating meat consumption, avoiding waste and single-use plastics, biking or using public transit when possible, installing LED bulbs and energy-efficient appliances, and reducing water usage. However, systemic change driven by government policies is indispensable.While the costs of addressing climate change are high, the costs of inaction are far higher and potentially catastrophic. We are already experiencing intensifying natural disasters, food andwater stress, mass human displacement, cascading ecosystem collapse and trillions in economic damages. Transitioning to a sustainable economy is an immense challenge but also an enormous economic opportunity to create millions of new green jobs and catalyze technological innovation. The sooner we galvanize a global response, the more manageable and less costly this transition will be.Climate change is a global commons problem that no nation can solve alone. Universal participation under an equitable framework that accounts for differing historical responsibilities and capabilities is essential. Developed nations which have emitted the bulk of greenhouse gases bear the greatest burden in financing mitigation and adaptation efforts. However, major emerging economies like China and India must also take on greater responsibilities as their emissions soar.In my view, an international coalition of governments, businesses, scientists and civil society is needed to negotiate binding national emissions reduction targets and coordinate research, policies and financing. This must be underpinned by a robust system for tracking and reporting emissions data. Technology transfers, carbon trading markets and climatefinance funds can facilitate cooperation and ease the burden on poorer countries.Ultimately though, overcoming the existential challenge of global warming hinges on an unprecedented mobilization of political will and public pressure. Corporations driven byshort-term profits and nations unwilling to act unilaterally cannot be trusted to make the deep, disruptive changes required. It is up to an engaged citizenry to demand transformational action, shift social attitudes, and hold leaders accountable for meaningful progress.Young people must at the forefront of this movement. After all, we have the most intergenerational stake in bequeathing a livable planet. The consequences of climate catastrophe may still seem esoteric and far away to some, but the science is irrefutable. Global temperatures are already 1??C above pre-industrial levels, fueling hotter heat waves, melting glaciers and ice caps, rising seas, ecosystem destruction and other devastating impacts. At the current emissions trajectory, we are headed towards 3??C or more of warming - an existential risk to human civilization as we know it.My peers and I experience this harsh reality through worsening natural disasters, health impacts from air pollution,forced climate migration and anxiety over an increasingly uninhabitable future. It is a bitter injustice that those who have benefited least from carbon-intensive development will suffer the gravest consequences. Entire low-lying island nations face obliteration from rising seas. The world's poorest who lack resources to adapt will be hit hardest by drought, famine and instability.To me, the moral imperative is clear. For the sake of preserving a thriving planet for today's youth and future generations, we must treat climate change as the urgent existential emergency it is. This is not a concern for some distant future, but a reality we must confront immediately and resolutely. We are the inheritors of decades of inaction and my generation will bear the compounding burdens of further delays. Aggressive, coordinated global action must be taken now before we pass the point of no return.篇2Global Warming: A Threat We Can't IgnoreWe've all heard about global warming, but do we truly understand the grave threat it poses to our planet and our very existence? As a high school student, I may not be a scientificexpert, but I am acutely aware that climate change is one of the greatest challenges facing humanity today. The Earth's temperature is rising at an alarming rate, caused primarily by human activities that release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. If left unchecked, the consequences could be catastrophic: rising sea levels, more extreme weather events, droughts, famines, and the extinction of countless species. It's a bleak picture, but one we need to confront head-on.The good news is that we have the power to mitigate the effects of global warming if we take decisive action now. It won't be easy, but the stakes are too high for us to remain complacent. We need a multi-pronged approach that involves governments, industries, and individuals working together to reduce our carbon footprint and transition to a more sustainable way of life.On a national and international level, governments must implement stricter regulations on greenhouse gas emissions, particularly from major polluters like the energy and transportation sectors. This could include setting ambitious targets for reducing emissions, investing in renewable energy sources like solar and wind power, and phasing out the use of fossil fuels. Additionally, governments should provide incentives for businesses and individuals to adopt eco-friendly practices,such as tax credits for energy-efficient homes and electric vehicles.Industries, too, must play a pivotal role in combating climate change. Companies should strive to minimize their environmental impact by adopting sustainable practices throughout their operations and supply chains. This could involve using renewable energy sources, implementing recycling and waste reduction programs, and developing innovative products and technologies that are environmentally friendly.But it's not just governments and businesses that need to step up – individuals like you and me have a crucial part to play as well. We can make a difference by making conscious choices in our daily lives to reduce our carbon footprint. This could include simple actions like turning off lights and appliances when not in use, reducing our consumption of plastic and othernon-biodegradable materials, and opting for public transportation or carpooling whenever possible.One area where individuals can have a significant impact is in our dietary choices. The livestock industry is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, so by reducing our consumption of meat and dairy products, we can help mitigate the effects of climate change. Plant-based diets not only have alower carbon footprint but also promote better health and animal welfare.Education also plays a vital role in addressing global warming. By increasing awareness and understanding of climate change and its impacts, we can empower people to take action and make informed decisions. Schools and universities should incorporate environmental education into their curricula, teaching students about sustainable living practices and the importance of protecting our planet.Of course, addressing global warming is a complex issue that requires a multifaceted approach. While individual actions are important, they must be complemented by broader systemic changes at the societal and global levels. We need a coordinated effort among governments, industries, and citizens to truly make a lasting impact.Ultimately, the fight against climate change is not just about preserving our planet for future generations – it's about ensuring our very survival as a species. The consequences of inaction are too grave to ignore. We must act now, with urgency and determination, to mitigate the effects of global warming and create a sustainable future for ourselves and generations to come.As a young person, I am deeply concerned about the state of our planet and the legacy we will leave for future generations. But I also have hope – hope that we can come together as a global community to tackle this existential threat. It won't be easy, but if we all do our part, we can turn the tide on climate change and create a better, more sustainable world for all.篇3Global Warming: A Threat We Can No Longer IgnoreEver since I was a kid, my parents and teachers have warned me about the dangers of global warming. I'll admit, when I was younger it seemed like one of those far-off hypothetical threats that adults liked to harp on but didn't really affect my day-to-day life. However, as I've grown older and become more educated on the issue, I've realized just how serious the climate crisis really is. The scientific evidence is overwhelming - the planet is heating up due to human activity, and if we don't take urgent action, the consequences could be catastrophic.It's a heavy burden to place on the shoulders of kids like me, but we are the last generation that has a realistic chance of getting global warming under control before it's too late. The decisions we make over the next decade will shape what kind ofworld we leave behind for our children and grandchildren. It's a responsibility I don't take lightly.So what can we do? How can ordinary students and citizens make a meaningful impact against such a massive, global threat? I've spent a lot of time researching potential solutions, and I believe the answer lies in a multi-pronged approach targeting governments, corporations, and individuals.First and foremost, we need our elected leaders to start treating climate change like the emergency situation it is. For too long, short-term economic priorities have trumped environmental concerns. We've heard plenty of hollow promises and non-binding climate agreements, but what we critically lack is concrete policies and enforcement mechanisms with real teeth.Countries around the world need to set ambitious,legally-binding targets for reducing carbon emissions and transitioning to clean energy sources like solar, wind and nuclear power. Tough regulations must be put in place governing industrial pollution, deforestation, and greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture. A massive investment in green infrastructure and jobs is also sorely needed.At the same time, we can't rely on governments alone. Even the most well-intentioned leaders need pressure from their constituents to take bold action. That's why it's so important for all of us as citizens to use our voices and our votes to demand urgency on climate change. Participate in protests, lobbying efforts, and environmental activism. Use social media to raise awareness. Run for office at the local level if you have to. We may be young, but we have real power when we organize and make ourselves heard.The corporate world also has an absolutely vital role to play, whether they like it or not. The sad reality is that many of the world's biggest polluters and drivers of climate change are large, multinational corporations who have long prioritized profit over environmental protection. The fossil fuel industry, industrial agriculture, fast fashion brands, corporations relying on cheap labor in the developing world - all of these business models are fundamentally unsustainable from a climate perspective.CEOs and shareholders need to realize that taking radical steps to go green isn't just the right thing to do ethically, it's also critical for the long-term financial viability of their companies. Those that fail to adapt and transition to sustainable practices won't just be responsible for worsening global warming, they'llgo bankrupt as conscientious consumers take their business elsewhere.Corporations should be leaders in developing and implementing cutting-edge clean technologies in fields like renewable energy, sustainable transportation, energy-efficient manufacturing, and carbon capture. They need to drastically reduce their carbon footprints through smarter supply chains, less waste, and providing environmentally-friendly products and services. Those that do will be the winners of the 21st century. Those that don't will be the ruins that future generations point to as prime examples of corporate greed and short-sightedness.But we can't just rely on governments, activists, and corporations to solve climate change for us. Each and every individual needs to make changes in our own daily habits and decisions. Sure, recyc。
IPCC_Special_Report_on_Carbon_Dioxide_Capture_and_Storage
About IPCC Reports
Provide assessments of scientifically and technically sound published information No research, monitoring, or recommendations Authors are best experts available worldwide, reflecting experience from academia, industry, government and NGOs Policy relevant, but NOT policy prescriptive Thoroughly reviewed by other experts and governments Final approval of Summary by governments
IPCC SRCCS
(Source: Dakota Gasification
Pre-Combustion Capture
(coal gasification plant, USA)
E.S.Rubin, Carnegie Mellon
CO2 Pipelines (for EOR Projects)
Source: USDOE/Battelle
Structure of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Plenary: All UNEP/WMO Member Countries ( >150 )
Review Editors
Working Groups I, II, III
Storage prospectivity
“碳达峰、碳中和”常用词汇
“碳达峰、碳中和”常用词汇1. Carbon peak - 碳达峰2. Carbon neutrality - 碳中和3. Carbon emissions - 碳排放4. Carbon footprint - 碳足迹5. Carbon reduction - 碳减排6. Net zero emissions - 净零排放7. Renewable energy - 可再生能源8. Energy efficiency - 能源效率9. Sustainable development - 可持续发展10. Greenhouse gases - 温室气体11. Climate change - 气候变化12. Clean energy - 清洁能源13. Emission reduction targets - 减排目标14. Low-carbon economy - 低碳经济15. Carbon offset - 碳抵消16. Carbon capture and storage - 碳捕获与储存17. Carbon pricing - 碳定价18. Carbon trading - 碳交易19. Carbon accounting - 碳核算20. Carbon sequestration - 碳封存21. Carbon sink - 碳汇22. Sustainable transportation - 可持续交通23. Fossil fuels - 化石燃料24. Energy conservation - 能源节约25. Green technology - 绿色技术26. Carbon tax - 碳税27. Energy transition - 能源转型28. Carbon offsetting projects - 碳抵消项目29. Carbon-neutral lifestyle - 碳中和生活方式30. Carbon sequestration methods - 碳封存方法31. Renewable energy sources - 可再生能源来源32. Circular economy - 循环经济33. Deforestation - 森林砍伐34. Carbon credits - 碳信用额度35. Carbon intensity - 碳强度36. Carbon accounting standards - 碳计量标准37. Clean development mechanism - 清洁发展机制38. Decentralized energy systems - 分散式能源系统39. Carbon reduction targets - 碳减排目标40. Green building - 绿色建筑41. Carbon-neutral transportation - 碳中和交通42. Carbon-neutral manufacturing - 碳中和制造业43. Carbon offset certificates - 碳抵消证书44. Climate action - 气候行动45. Carbon sequestration potential - 碳封存潜力46. Carbon-neutral farming - 碳中和农业47. Climate resilience - 气候适应能力48. Carbon offset providers - 碳抵消供应商49. Carbon reduction initiatives - 碳减排计划50. Carbon intensity benchmarking - 碳强度基准51. Carbon abatement technologies - 碳减排技术52. Renewable energy incentives - 可再生能源激励措施53. Carbon-neutral cities - 碳中和城市54. Carbon offset projects - 碳抵消项目55. Carbon sequestration potential - 碳封存潜力56. Carbon offset providers - 碳抵消供应商57. Climate adaptation - 气候适应58. Carbon capture technology - 碳捕获技术59. Renewable energy investments - 可再生能源投资60. Carbon-neutral packaging - 碳中和包装61. Carbon footprint calculation - 碳足迹计算62. Climate policy - 气候政策63. Carbon pricing mechanisms - 碳定价机制64. Carbon sequestration projects - 碳封存项目65. Clean transportation - 清洁交通66. Carbon-neutral aviation - 碳中和航空67. Carbon reduction strategies - 碳减排策略68. Carbon offset schemes - 碳抵消方案69. Climate goals - 气候目标70. Carbon-neutral power plants - 碳中和发电厂71. Carbon trading platforms - 碳交易平台72. Carbon disclosure - 碳披露73. Climate finance - 气候财政74. Carbon offset projects - 碳抵消项目75. Climate adaptation measures - 气候适应措施76. Carbon sequestration technologies - 碳封存技术77. Clean energy policies - 清洁能源政策78. Carbon accounting methodologies - 碳核算方法79. Carbon reduction incentives - 碳减排激励措施80. Renewable energy targets - 可再生能源目标81. Carbon-neutral homes - 碳中和住宅82. Carbon offset registries - 碳抵消登记处83. Climate agreements - 气候协议84. Carbon pricing models - 碳定价模型85. Carbon sequestration potential - 碳封存潜力86. Carbon-neutral transportation systems - 碳中和交通系统87. Carbon offset standards - 碳抵消标准88. Climate science - 气候科学89. Carbon market - 碳市场90. Carbon neutrality commitments - 碳中和承诺91. Carbon offset verification - 碳抵消验证92. Climate resilience strategies - 气候适应策略93. Carbon offset financing - 碳抵消融资94. Carbon-neutral infrastructure - 碳中和基础设施95. Carbon offset brokers - 碳抵消经纪人96. Net zero emissions targets - 净零排放目标97. Climate action plans - 气候行动计划98. Carbon sequestration methods - 碳封存方法99. Carbon-neutral investments - 碳中和投资100. Carbon offset market - 碳抵消市场。
211064126_碱性工业固废矿化封存二氧化碳研究进展
化工进展Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress2023 年第 42 卷第 3 期碱性工业固废矿化封存二氧化碳研究进展王秋华，吴嘉帅，张卫风（华东交通大学土木建筑学院，江西 南昌 330013）摘要：温室效应引起的全球变暖已经影响到人类的生存和发展，CO 2减排刻不容缓。
CO 2矿物碳酸化作为一种CO 2减排技术，受到越来越多的关注。
相对于传统天然矿化原料，碱性工业固废具有反应速率快、碳酸化效率更高、能耗低等特点，并且利用碱性工业固废进行CO 2矿化还可以产出高附加值产物用于化工、建筑等领域。
本文主要综述了碱性工业固废的矿化机理，利用碱性工业固废（粉煤灰、钢渣、电石渣）进行CO 2碳酸化的研究进展及吸收-矿化一体化（IAM ）技术。
对于以碱性工业固废为原料的碳酸化技术，未来应进一步加强机理和生命周期影响评价的研究并优化工艺流程；针对IAM 工艺今后应开发出高效、经济的吸收剂和封存能力更好的矿化原料，并加强对IAM 工艺反应机理的研究。
关键词：二氧化碳；碱性工业固体废物；直接碳酸化；间接碳酸化；吸收-矿化一体化技术中图分类号：X511 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1000-6613（2023）03-1572-11Research progress of alkaline industrial solid wastes mineralization forcarbon dioxide sequestrationWANG Qiuhua ，WU Jiashuai ，ZHANG Weifeng(School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China)Abstract: The global warming caused by the greenhouse effect has affected the survival and development of human beings, and it is urgent to mitigate CO 2. CO 2 mineral carbonation is receiving more and more attention as a CO 2 reduction technology. Alkaline industrial solid waste for CO 2 carbonation has faster reaction rate, higher carbonation rate and lower energy consumption than traditional natural mineralized raw materials, and can also produce high value-added products for chemical and construction applications. This paper reviewed the carbonation mechanism of alkaline industrial solid wastes, the progress of CO 2 mineral carbonation using alkaline industrial solid wastes (fly ash, steel slag, calcium carbide slag) and the integrated absorption-mineralization (IAM) technology. Using alkaline industrial solid waste as feedstock, the carbonation technology mechanism and life cycle impact assessment should be further studied and the process should be optimized in the future. Highly efficient, economical absorbents and mineral raw materials with better mineralization capacity should be developed for the IAM process in the future and the reaction mechanism of the IAM process should be studied.Keywords: carbon dioxide; alkaline industrial solid waste; direct carbonation; indirect carbonation; integrated absorption mineralization综述与专论DOI ：10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-0813收稿日期：2022-05-05；修改稿日期：2022-07-11。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Identified three marine cyanobacterial strains which tolerated 25% of CO2. The strains were grown at different concentration of CO2 and their growth was determined in terms of chlorophyll and phycobiliproteins production.
CO2 conc. in atm: 280 ppm in preindustrial time to almost 390 ppm at present day which leads to rise in earth
average temperature by 0.74°C
- Regional scale deforestation - industrial development
Carbon Capture and Sequestration
i. Capturing CO2 at large and stationary point sources
ii. Transporting the CO2 from source to sink,
iii. Injecting the CO2 in suited geological reservoir or sinks
(iv) Terrestrial Agro-forestry Sequestration.
Achievement of R&D projects
A pilot plant for capture of CO2 and converting the same into useful fuels like Methane, Hydrogen and Bio-diesel through Algae route was fabricated and designed. This pilot plant is under test runs at RGVP Bhopal
route
The technical feasibility of bio-fixation using micro algae was studied at NIT Trichy, Shri MCRC Chennai and Delhi University. The capture of carbon dioxide produced by combustion of fossil fuels used in electricity generation can be achieved by bio-fixation method using suitable strains of micro algae.
DST: Four major thrust areas identified:
I. CO2 Sequestration through Micro algae Biofixation Techniques;
II. Carbon Capture Process Development. III. Policy development Studies,
Oscillatoria willei BDU130791, Phormidium valderianum BDU20191
Phormidium valderianum BDU91391.
(Bhartidhasan University)
CO2 sequestration through Bio-algae
Forest biomass can play an important role in reducing CO2 emission through carbon sequestration in soil, tree vegetation, ground fNKS
CARBON CAPTURE AND SEQUESTRATION: R&D
Approaches
Dr. Susheela Negi Scientist-C, DST susheela.nnic.in
Climate: sum of the average weather condition over past 30 years
Major Disadvantages: * Risks of leakages and collateral damage to
storage media (geological formations, oceans, landfills etc ) * Non-accessibility to technologies on fair and equitable terms * Increment in costs of energy production
Dr. Susheela Negi Scientist-C, DST susheela.nnic.in
Carbon Capture & Sequestration
The current CO2 emissions ~ 28 Gt
Projection by 2050
62 Gt
Of this about 20% reduction to be achieved by CCS.