DPSK和NRZ调制信号对透明光_省略_大功率串扰攻击容忍度研究_英文_黄琼

Vol． 24 No． 2 第 24 卷第 2 期 重庆邮电大学学报（ 自然科学版） 2012 年 4 月 Journal of Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications（ Natural Science Edition） Apr． 2012
network technique offering highdatarates information delivery without complicated opticalelectricaloptical conversion，and will getting increasingly popular in future several years． However，the ubiquitous transpar-
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In this model， highpowered signal （ Attacker ） will leak power to legitimate signal （ User_1 ） through intrachannel crosstalk， and such significant leakage will heavily destroy User_1 and also enable it the attack capability． The attack capability in User _1 will in turn affect User_2 in the next switch； therefore，more stachannel ges of switches will be affected ［3-7］． This intraattack effect will cause severe damages to optical networks and due to the propagation effect，it is difficult to complement attack monitoring and localization ［5-7］．
（ Key Laboratory of Mobile Communication Technology，Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications，Chongqing 400065 ，P． R． China）
Abstract： Transparent optical network is now becoming increasingly attractive， but transparency will induce security threats，such as intrachannel crosstalk attack in optical networks． Differential phaseshiftkeying （ DPSK ） attracted more attention due to its high tolerance in intrachannel crosstalk． In this paper，DPSK is employed to mitigate highpowered inan optical communication system is simulated to detect the BER penalty trachannel crosstalk attack． Via VPItransMaker TM ， of DPSK modulated signals． The results indicate that DPSK has about 9dB tolerance of intrachannel crosstalk attack than nonreturnzero（ NRZ） ，which makes DPSK have more advantages to affront potential highpowered crosstalk attack in TON． Key words：intrachannel crosstalk attack； differential phaseshiftkeying（ DPSK） ； transparent optical network CLC number： TN929. 11 Document code： A Article ID：1673825X（ 2012 ） 02014404
Fig． 1
Model of intrachannel crosstalk attack propagation
at rate of 10 Gbit / s and modulated on wavelength at 193. 10 THz． Noiseless EDFAs （ AmpSysOpt ） is employed as optical amplifiers which are set to fix output average power at 0 dBm． Switch crosstalk intensity is set to － 25 dB ［4］ at 2 × 2 optical switches （ SwitchDos _Y_Two ） ． RX_OOK_BER is set to estimate BER for NRZ signal and RX_DPSK_BER with balanced detection is for DPSK． In this simulation， in order to simplified the system and focus on intrachannel crosstalk attack， the system impairment， including attenuation and dispersion in fiber，ASE in EDFA and insertion loss in optical component，are all approximated to be gauss white noise and NoiseWhiteGaussOpt component is employed as noise source with 192. 10 THz center frequency and 3. 4e15 W / Hz power density． System impairment and crosstalk are respectively treated as gauss distribution at the receivers to achieve a conservative
Received date： 20120229 Modification date： 20120309 Foundation Items： The National Natural Science Foundation of China （ 60972070 ） ； The Science and Technology Research Project of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission of China（ KJ100514 ） ．
DPSK 和 NRZ 调制信号对透明光网络中的 大功率串扰攻击容忍度研究
黄 琼， 尹鹏飞， 孙泽宇
（ 重庆邮电大学 移动通信技术重点实验室 ， 重庆 400035 ）
摘
要：透明光网络受到越来越多的关注 ， 已成为未来网络发展的一大趋势 。然而， 网络的透明性也带来了光层攻
击的隐患， 例如大功率的攻击信号可以利用带内串扰效应对网络实施攻击行为 。 由于差分移相键控 （ differential DPSK） 对带内串扰具有较好的容忍度 ， phaseshiftkeying， 因此对它能否抵抗大功率带内串扰攻击进行了探讨 。 通 过在 VPI 仿真软件上搭建光通信系统 ， 并检测信号的 BER， 发现 DPSK 对带内串扰攻击的容忍度比不归零码 （ nonreturnzero， NRZ） 高 9 dB， 可见其具有更强的抗攻击能力 。 关键词：带内串扰攻击； 差分移相键控（ DPSK） ； 透明光网络
DOI： 10． 3979 / j． issn． 1673825X． 2012． 02． 004
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Tolerance in high-powered crosstalk attack of DPSK and NRZ in transparent optical networks
HUANG Qiong， YIN Pengfei， SUN Zeyu
1
Introduction
Transparent optical network（ TON） is an attractive
ency will introduce attack threats to TON，e． g． malicious users can gain more chances to access to the net， and then inject a beam of light at high power being 20 dB or even 30 dB higher than normal one，which will result in crosstalk attack on normal signals［1-7］． Especially，in the optical switch architectures such as optical cross connect （ OXC ） ，highpowered attack signal
［ 1， 37 ］
decision threshold to determine whether the received bit is a mark or space． Due to the power leakage from unintended channel in the optical switch，the main signal channel and crosstalk channel will result in a beat term at the receiver which reduces the photo power and dominates the BER penalty ［9］． At the attack scenario， if only one interference source is considered，the input photo power of photodiode can be described as［9］ P in = P1 + P2 + 2 槡 P1 P2 cos［ （ ω1 － ω2 ） t + （ 1） 1 （ t ） － 2 （ t ） + θ1 － θ2 ］ Where P1 and P2 is the power of main and crosstalk signals，ω1 and ω2 is the angle frequency，1 （ t） and 2 （ t） is the phase of the signals， θ1 and θ2 is the initial phase of the signals． The third term of the equation is the beat term between the main and crosstalk signals． The power of the beat term varies in time，but has a maximum negative value of － 2 槡 P1 P2 ， which will re［ 9 ］ sult in a worst decrease of system BER ． At this worst case scenario，equation （ 1） can be simplified as P in = P1 + P2 － 2 槡 P1 P2 （ 2） To investigate the worst beat noise，a communication system is simulated on VPItans- Maker TM as illustrated in Fig． 2. All laser transmitters transmit signals