Overview of Black & Veatch Projects Documentation Management
介绍黑洞的引言英文作文

介绍黑洞的引言英文作文Introduction to Black Holes。
Black holes, one of the most fascinating objects in the universe, have been a subject of scientific research for decades. These mysterious objects are formed when a massive star collapses under its own gravity, creating a region in space where the gravitational pull is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape. The concept of black holes was first proposed by the physicist John Michell in 1783 and was later refined by Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity in 1915.Black holes are invisible to the naked eye, as they do not emit any light or radiation. However, their presence can be detected by observing the effects of their immense gravitational pull on nearby stars and gas. The area surrounding a black hole is known as the event horizon, which marks the point of no return. Anything that crosses the event horizon is pulled into the black hole and is lostOne of the most intriguing aspects of black holes is their ability to distort time and space. The intensegravity near a black hole causes time to slow down, and space to be warped and stretched. This phenomenon, known as gravitational time dilation, has been confirmed by observations of stars orbiting black holes.Black holes come in different sizes, ranging from a few times the mass of the sun to billions of times the mass of the sun. Supermassive black holes, found at the centers of galaxies, are thought to play a crucial role in the evolution of galaxies, as they can influence the motion of stars and gas.Despite their mysterious nature, black holes have become a topic of intense research in astrophysics and cosmology. Scientists are using a variety of techniques, such as gravitational wave detection and observations of the effects of black holes on nearby objects, to study these enigmatic objects and unlock the secrets of theIn conclusion, black holes are one of the most intriguing and mysterious objects in the universe. They are formed by the collapse of massive stars and have a gravitational pull so strong that nothing can escape. Their ability to distort time and space and influence the motion of nearby objects makes them a subject of intense research in astrophysics and cosmology.。
介绍黑色橄榄球英语作文

介绍黑色橄榄球英语作文Title: The Enigma of Black Rugby。
Rugby, a sport of strength, strategy, and camaraderie, has transcended boundaries, captivating hearts and minds across the globe. Amidst the colorful array of rugby balls, one particular variant stands out – the enigmatic black rugby ball.Black rugby balls, a rare sight on the field, evoke curiosity and intrigue. Unlike their traditional counterparts, these obsidian orbs possess a mystique that adds an aura of mystery to the game. But what lies behind the veil of darkness that shrouds these unique balls?Firstly, the black rugby ball is not merely a stylistic choice; it serves a practical purpose. Designed to enhance visibility under certain lighting conditions, such as floodlit stadiums or evening games, the black hue ensures players can easily track the ball's trajectory againstcontrasting backgrounds. This innovation exemplifies the sport's commitment to inclusivity, enabling matches to be played at any time without compromising on visibility.Moreover, the black rugby ball symbolizes the sport's adaptability and resilience. In a world where innovation drives progress, rugby embraces change while honoring its traditions. The introduction of the black ball reflects the sport's willingness to evolve and cater to the demands of modernity without forsaking its heritage. It embodiesrugby's spirit of innovation and its embrace of diversity, welcoming players and fans from all walks of life.Furthermore, the black rugby ball represents a departure from convention, challenging perceptions and sparking conversations. Its unconventional appearance prompts spectators to question the norm and encourages a deeper engagement with the game. In doing so, it fosters a culture of curiosity and inquiry, enriching the rugby experience for players and fans alike.Beyond its practicality and symbolism, the black rugbyball possesses an aesthetic allure that sets it apart. Its sleek, ebony exterior exudes a sense of sophistication and elegance, elevating the game to new heights of visual appeal. Whether soaring through the air or nestled in the hands of a player, the black ball commands attention and admiration, leaving an indelible impression on all who behold it.In conclusion, the black rugby ball is more than just a sporting accessory; it is a symbol of innovation, inclusivity, and aesthetic excellence. Its presence on the field signifies rugby's commitment to progress and tradition, embodying the spirit of the sport in its darkest depths. As players continue to chase victory and fans cheer from the sidelines, the enigma of the black rugby ball remains a testament to the enduring allure of the game.。
设置BeagleBone Black的WiFi说明书

Setting up WiFi with BeagleBone BlackCreated by Tony DiColahttps:///setting-up-wifi-with-beaglebone-blackLast updated on 2023-08-29 02:36:55 PM EDT347Table of ContentsOverviewHardware• HDMI Port Interference• PowerConfiguration• Kernel Upgrade• WiFi Reset Service• WiFi ConfigurationOverviewHave you been pulling your hair out trying to get WiFi working consistantly on a BeagleBone Black? Don't worry there are some easily solved problems that could be causing your WiFi grief! For example did you know the HDMI port can interfere with small WiFI adapter antennas? Or that you can upgrade the Linux kernel to improve WiFi driver stability? Follow this guide to learn how to avoid common pitfalls and configure your BeagleBone Black to work with a USB WiFi adapter!Before you get started make sure you're running the latest official Debian image () on your BeagleBone Black. It's very important to use the Debian operating system on your BeagleBone Black to follow this guide! If you aren't familiar with how to install an operating system on the device, check out this handy BeagleBone Black operating system install guide ().Also if you are new to the BeagleBone Black you will want to familiarize yourself with how to connect to it and interact with the command shell using SSH. This guide will show you the basics of accessing the BeagleBone Black with SSH ().HardwareTo setup WiFi with your BeagleBone Black you'll need a USB WiFi adapter that is compatible with the BeagleBone Black's Debian operating system. Be sure to read the BeagleBone Black wiki's list of known working WiFi adapters () and consider using a device from that list.Unfortunately the choice of WiFi adapter for the BeagleBone Black is a littlemore complicated compared to other Linux boards like the Raspberry Pi. The BeagleBone Black's official Debian image uses an old version 3.8 of the Linux kernel compared to more recent versions like 3.15+. Since WiFi drivers are typically included in the Linux kernel source, running an old kernel means running old and potentially buggy WiFi adapter drivers.Out of the box the 3.8 kernel seems to have problems with popular WiFi adapters, like the Realtek-based adapters in the Adafruit store. In particular you might experience problems like the WiFi adapter randomly not connecting to a wireless network on boot. I'll show later in the guide that a simple script to reset the wireless adapter on boot greatly improves reliability of Realtek and other adapters on the BeagleBone Black.If you're a more experienced Linux user you might be wondering if you can upgrade the Linux kernel to a later version like 3.14 or 3.15 to get more reliable WiFi drivers.You can, but you need to be careful because later kernels right now don't support the same functionality, like device tree overlays (), as the 3.8 kernel. Kernel support beyond 3.8 is improving every day so you should search and consult the BeagleBoneBlack support group () for the latest information on kernel stability and feature support if you want to use a newer kernel. I'll show later in the guide how to make sure you're using the latest 3.8 version kernel so you're getting the most up to date drivers.HDMI Port InterferenceOne common issue with WiFi on the BeagleBone Black is poor performance from WiFi adapters with small internal antennas. The problem is that the ground and power planes of the HDMI port are right below the USB port and dampen the WiFi signal (). This will manifest as poor signal quality and reliability with small USB WiFi adapters that are very close to the USB port.There are two ways to deal with this interference issue, one is to use a small USB extension cable / adapter (http://adafru.it/974) or small USB hub (http://adafru.it/961) (e ven an unpowered hub would work fine) to move the WiFi adapter farther away from the BeagleBone Black. For example the photo below shows a small hub that moves a tiny WiFi adapter away from the BeagleBone Black:A second option is to completely disable the HDMI port by manipulating the device tree (). This option is only possible if you do not need to output any video or audio signal over the HDMI port!Of the two options I would stick with the first, moving the adapter away from theboard, since it's simpler and will still let you use the HDMI port. However if you can'tmove the WiFi adapter away you can follow the steps below to disable HDMI.First connect your BeagleBone Black's USB port to your computer and connect to it with SSH (). Then mount and edit the uEnv.txt file that controls boot configuration by executing:mkdir /mnt/bootmount /dev/mmcblk0p1 /mnt/bootnano /mnt/boot/uEnv.txtYou should see the nano text editor appear with the contents of the uEnv.txt file like this:Notice the lines in the middle that mention disabling HDMI:##Disable HDMI#cape_disable=capemgr.disable_partno=BB-BONELT-HDMI,BB-BONELT-HDMINRemove the # in front of the cape_disable command so it looks like:##Disable HDMIcape_disable=capemgr.disable_partno=BB-BONELT-HDMI,BB-BONELT-HDMINBe careful to edit the correct line! If you disable the HDMI/eMMC line you might disable booting from the internal flash memory of the BeagleBone Black.Save the file by pressing Ctrl-O and then Enter. Finally quit nano by pressing Ctrl-X.Reboot your BeagleBone Black and it should have the HDMI port disabled.If you need to enable the HDMI port again just edit the uEnv.txt file with the same procedure above and add the # comment back in front of the disable HDMI line. PowerFinally make sure you are powering your BeagleBone Black with a sufficient power supply to support your WiFi adapter. Most computer or laptop USB ports do not supply enough power to support a BeagleBone Black and WiFi adapter!Make sure you're using a 5 volt power supply with at least 1 amp or more of current. You can plug a simple external 5V power supply (http://adafru.it/276) right into the BeagleBone Black's barrel jack.Don't skimp on powering your device properly or else you will have instabilityand poor WiFi performance!ConfigurationOnce you have the hardware setup you're ready to configure the BeagleBone Black to use your WiFi adapter.Kernel UpgradeFirst you will want to make sure you're running the very latest version of the 3.8 series kernel. Like mentioned in the previous page, you want to use the most recent Linux kernel to get the most recent and stable WiFi drivers. Luckily you don't need to be a Linux expert to upgrade the kernel because a script is included with your BeagleBone Black's Debian installation to automatically upgrade to the latest stable 3.8 version kernel.In my testing I found upgrading the BeagleBone Black's kernel was mandatory to get reliable WiFi performance. Don't skip this step, be sure to upgrade the kernel! Make sure your device is connected to the internet (through the ethernet port for example), power it on, and connect to the terminal with SSH. Run the following commands to start the kernel upgrade:cd /opt/scripts/tools/./update_kernel.shYou should see the script download a kernel image and perform the installation automatically. After a few minutes the uprade will complete and tell you to reboot your device. Follow the instructions and reboot by executing the command:rebootAfter the device reboots the kernel upgrade is complete!WiFi Reset ServiceThe next step is to install a small script that will reset the WiFi interface by bringing it down and back up again automatically on boot. With the latest 3.8 kernel I found this reset script was necessary to get reliable performance with Realtek and some Atheros WiFi adapters, so don't skip installing it! Later kernels or more stable adapters might not require the reset service, but it can't hurt to install it for them too.To install the service connect again to the device in a terminal with SSH and execute these commands:cd ~ntpdate -b -s -u apt-get update && apt-get install gitgit clone https:///adafruit/wifi-reset.gitcd wifi-resetchmod +x install.sh./install.shAfter executing the install.sh script you should see a response like the following: Installing wifi reset service to /opt/wifi-reset.Installing systemd service to run at boot.Enabling systemd service.If you see an error message, go back and carefully check the commands above were executed.That's all you need to do to install the wifi reset service!Note that if you'd ever like to disable the WiFi reset service you can execute this command to do so:systemctl disable wifi-reset.serviceWiFi ConfigurationFinally it's time to configure the wireless connection for your BeagleBone Black. To start, power down the device completely and insert the WiFi adapter into the USB port. Remember the HDMI port can cause interference so you might need to use a small extension or hub to move your adapter away from the board!Power up your BeagleBone Black and connect to it in a terminal with SSH, then run the following command to list any wireless interfaces available:iwconfigYou should see a response with a wlan0 name and some details about the wireless adapter's capabilities. For example I see the following response for my adapter:wlan0 IEEE 802.11bgn ESSID:off/anyMode:Managed Access Point: Not-Associated Tx-Power=0 dBmRetry long limit:7 RTS thr=2347 B Fragment thr:offEncryption key:offPower Management:onlo no wireless extensions.eth0 no wireless extensions.usb0 no wireless extensions.Note that if you see a different name than wlan0, like ra0, take note of that name as it will be used in the configuration later.Now you'll edit the /etc/network/interfaces file to specify WiFi network connection details. Run the following command to open the nano text editor:nano /etc/network/interfacesYou should see a file like the following appear:Notice there's a commented block showing a WiFi configuration example:# WiFi Example#auto wlan0#iface wlan0 inet dhcp# wpa-ssid "essid"# wpa-psk "password"Configuring most WiFi networks is as easy as uncommenting the lines and filling in the details for your network. For example if I were connecting to a WiFi network with name "adafruit" and password "mypassword" I would edit the configuration to look like:# WiFi Exampleauto wlan0iface wlan0 inet dhcpwpa-ssid "adafruit"wpa-psk "mypassword"If you're connecting to a more complex WiFi network, such as one with a 'hidden' SSID or that needs a static IP address, you might need to add more to the configuration. Check out the guide on setting up WiFi with a Raspberry Pi () as the configuration in /etc/network/interfaces is the same on the BeagleBone Black as the Raspberry Pi.Also be aware that if you found the iwconfig command returned a different interfacename, like ra0, you should change all references from wlan0 to the appropriateinterface name.Once you've modified the file, save it by pressing Ctrl-O and Enter, then press Ctrl-X to quit nano.Now test the connection by running the following to bring up the WiFi connection manually:ifup wlan0Again change wlan0 to the name of your WiFi interface if you found it differed with the iwconfig command.If the WiFi connection is made with your network you should see an IP address acquired with DHCP:Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client 4.2.2Copyright 2004-2011 Internet Systems Consortium.All rights reserved.For info, please visit https:///software/dhcp/Listening on LPF/wlan0/e8:de:27:11:62:7cSending on LPF/wlan0/e8:de:27:11:62:7cSending on Socket/fallbackDHCPDISCOVER on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 6DHCPDISCOVER on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 9DHCPREQUEST on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67DHCPOFFER from 192.168.1.1DHCPACK from 192.168.1.1bound to 192.168.1.127 -- renewal in 36491 seconds.The exact response might differ, but the important thing is that you receive a DHCPOFFER response and are assigned an IP address.You can also confirm the BeagleBone Black is connected to the network by running the following command to list network details:ifconfig wlan0If your device is connected to the network it should show connection details with an IP address (192.168.1.127 in my case) like:wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr e8:de:27:11:62:7cinet addr:192.168.1.127 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0inet6 addr: fe80::eade:27ff:fe11:627c/64 Scope:LinkUP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1RX packets:15413 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0TX packets:3301 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000RX bytes:21575587 (20.5 MiB) TX bytes:323282 (315.7 KiB)Finally you can test internet access by trying to ping a website such as by executing:ping You should see successful ping responses such as:PING (207.58.139.247) 56(84) bytes of data.64 bytes from (207.58.139.247): icmp_req=1 ttl=52 time=86.1 ms64 bytes from (207.58.139.247): icmp_req=2 ttl=52 time=85.8 ms64 bytes from (207.58.139.247): icmp_req=3 ttl=52 time=87.0 ms64 bytes from (207.58.139.247): icmp_req=4 ttl=52 time=87.8 ms64 bytes from (207.58.139.247): icmp_req=5 ttl=52 time=86.1 ms64 bytes from (207.58.139.247): icmp_req=6 ttl=52 time=86.7 ms64 bytes from (207.58.139.247): icmp_req=7 ttl=52 time=86.5 ms Press Ctrl-C to quit the ping application.If any of the checks above fail or indicate no network access, carefully check the details in the /etc/network/interfaces file are correct for your wireless network and try again.Now the final test is to reboot your BeagleBone Black to verify the wireless connection is made automatically. Execute the following to reboot the device:rebootOnce the device has rebooted, connect to it in an SSH session and run the network connection tests above again. If they show you're connected to the network, congratulations you've successfully configured your BeagleBone Black to work with WiFi!If the device fails to connect on boot, try running the following to manually reset the WiFi connection:ifdown wlan0ifup wlan0Again changing wlan0 to match the name of the interface you found earlier.If the ifup command fails to get an IP address, go back and check the WiFi network details in /etc/network/interfaces are correct for your network and try again. If you still can't get a connection to work, try posting details about the WiFi adapter you're using and the error or issue you're hitting on the BeagleBone Black support group () o r the Adafruit forums ().。
遮光胶带 生产工艺流程

遮光胶带生产工艺流程英文回答:The production process of blackout tape generally involves several steps. Here is a brief overview of the process:1. Material preparation: The first step is to prepare the materials needed for the production of blackout tape. This usually includes a base material, such as PVC or fabric, and a coating material, such as rubber or acrylic adhesive.2. Coating application: The base material is coated with the adhesive material using a coating machine. The coating can be applied in a continuous or intermittent manner, depending on the desired thickness and properties of the tape.3. Drying: After the coating is applied, the tape ispassed through a drying oven. The oven uses heat to evaporate the solvents in the adhesive, allowing it to dry and form a solid bond with the base material.4. Cutting and slitting: Once the tape is dry, it iscut into the desired width and length. This can be done manually or using automated cutting and slitting machines. The tape may also be perforated or scored to facilitate tearing or cutting.5. Printing and labeling: If required, the tape can be printed with information such as product name, company logo, or usage instructions. Labels can also be applied to therolls for easy identification and tracking.6. Packaging: The finished tape rolls are then packaged in suitable containers, such as cardboard boxes or plastic bags. The packaging can be customized according to customer requirements, including the number of rolls per package and any additional protective measures.7. Quality control: Throughout the production process,quality control measures are implemented to ensure that the blackout tape meets the required standards. This includes conducting regular inspections, testing samples for adhesive strength, durability, and other performance characteristics.中文回答:遮光胶带的生产工艺流程通常包括以下几个步骤:1. 材料准备,首先需要准备生产遮光胶带所需的材料。
论黑死病在西欧的传播与影响

论黑死病在西欧的传播与影响一、本文概述Overview of this article本文旨在深入探究黑死病在西欧的传播过程及其深远影响。
黑死病,这场在14世纪中叶席卷欧洲的大瘟疫,不仅带走了无数生命,更改变了欧洲社会的历史轨迹。
本文将从疾病的起源、传播路径、社会影响等方面,详细描绘这场灾难性的疫情如何在西欧扩散,并如何深刻地影响了当时的社会、经济、文化和宗教。
This article aims to delve into the transmission process and profound impact of the Black Death in Western Europe. The Black Death, a major plague that swept across Europe in the mid-14th century, not only took countless lives but also altered the historical trajectory of European society. This article will describe in detail how this catastrophic epidemic spread in Western Europe and profoundly affected the society, economy, culture, and religion of that time, from the aspects of the origin, transmission path, and social impact of the disease.我们将首先回顾黑死病的起源,探讨这场瘟疫是如何从中亚地区传播到西欧的。
接着,我们将分析黑死病在西欧的传播路径,揭示这场疫情是如何通过贸易路线、军队移动和人口迁移等方式,逐渐扩散到整个欧洲的。
克劳德·麦凯《回到哈莱姆》中的跨国书写

克劳德•麦凯《回到哈莱姆》中的跨国书写舒进艳内容摘要:克劳德•麦凯的《回到哈莱姆》描摹了20世纪早期的黑人跨国体验。
学界主要阐释了作者个人的跨国经历与黑人国际主义思想对小说塑造主要人物的影响,而忽视了小说中副线主人公雷的国籍及其旅居哈莱姆的意义。
雷的跨国移民经历既再现了麦凯的复杂跨国情感与认同经历,又观照了哈莱姆作为流散非裔移居的理想家园与城市黑人社区所承载的空间意涵。
论文提出哈莱姆具有三个维度,作为移民唤起历史记忆的地理空间、建构跨国身份的政治空间及容纳差异的多元文化空间,并考察移民在跨国流动中历经的现代性体验,以此揭示他们通过改变既定身份与重新定义自我而竭力摆脱传统的民族、种族和阶级观念的束缚与身份认同的困惑,从而参与到美国城市的种族空间生产中。
关键词:克劳德•麦凯;《回到哈莱姆》;跨国书写基金项目:本文系国家社会科学重大项目“美国文学地理的文史考证与学科建构”(项目编号:16ZDA197);天津市研究生科研创新项目“美国新现实主义小说的跨国空间研究”(项目编号:19YJSB039)的阶段性研究成果。
作者简介:舒进艳,南开大学外国语学院博士研究生、喀什大学外国语学院副教授,主要从事美国文学研究。
Title: Claude Mckay’s Transnational Writing in Home to HarlemAbstract: Claude McKay’s Home to Harlem depicts the black transnational experience of the early 20th century. Academics mainly studied the influence of McKay’s personal transnational experience and black internationalist thinking on his main character, but neglected the minor plot’s protagonist Ray and his nationality, and the significance of his sojourn in Harlem. Ray’s transnational migration experience not only embodies McKay’s complex transnational feeling and identity experience, but also reflects Harlem’s spatial significance as an ideal home for African diaspora and urban black community. The paper aims to examine Caribbean immigrants’ experience of modernity in Harlem which is interpreted as the geographic space for immigrants to evoke historical memories, the political space for constructing transnational identities and the multicultural space for accommodating differences. It is to prove that they manage to extricate themselves from the shackles of traditional concepts of nation, race and class and their confusion of identity by changing their established identity and redefining themselves, and thus participate in the production of racial space in American cities.60Foreign Language and Literature Research 2 (2021)外国语文研究2021年第2期Key words: Claude Mckay; Home to Harlem; transnational writingAuthor: Shu Jinyan is Ph. D. candidate at College of Foreign Languages, Nankai University (Tianjin, 300071, China), associate professor at School of Foreign Studies, Kashi University (Kashi 844000, China). Her major academic research interest includes American literature. E-mail: ******************1925年,阿伦•洛克在《新黑人》选集中将哈莱姆描述为一个国际化的文化之都,视其重要性堪比欧洲新兴民族国家的首都。
黑色经典英语作文

黑色经典英语作文Black: A Classic Color。
Black, a classic and timeless color, has been a staple in fashion, art, and design for centuries. It is a color that can evoke a range of emotions and meanings, from power and sophistication to mourning and darkness. In this essay, I will explore the significance of black in various aspects of life.Fashion is one area where black has always been a popular choice. The little black dress, famously introduced by Coco Chanel in the 1920s, has become a wardrobe staple for women around the world. It is a symbol of elegance and simplicity, and can be dressed up or down for any occasion. Black is also a popular color for men's suits, providing a classic and sophisticated look.In art, black is often used to create contrast and depth. It can be used to create shadows and highlights,adding dimension to a painting or drawing. Black and white photography, which relies solely on shades of black and white, is a classic and timeless form of art that is still appreciated today.Black is also used in design to create a sense of sophistication and luxury. Black furniture, such as leather sofas or black lacquered cabinets, can add a touch of elegance to a room. Black is also a popular color forluxury cars and watches, as it conveys a sense of power and prestige.However, black is not always associated with positive emotions. In many cultures, black is the color of mourning and grief. It is often worn at funerals or during times of mourning. In some Asian cultures, white is the color of mourning, but in Western cultures, black has been traditionally associated with death and mourning.In conclusion, black is a classic and versatile color that has been used in various aspects of life for centuries. It can evoke a range of emotions and meanings, fromelegance and sophistication to mourning and darkness. Whether it's in fashion, art, or design, black will always be a timeless and iconic color.。
英语产品介绍黑笔范文模板

English Introduction of Black PenIntroducing our latest black pen, a sleek and stylish writing instrument that is sure to become your new favorite. This black pen is not just another ordinary writing tool;it's an embodiment of elegance, precision, and durability. The black pen is crafted from high-quality materials, ensuring durability and longevity. The sleek and matteblack finish gives it a timeless elegance that will nevergo out of style. The pen's body is lightweight and comfortable to hold, making writing a pleasure.The black pen boasts a precision nib that glides smoothly across the paper, delivering a crisp and clear writing experience. The ink flows evenly and consistently, ensuring that your handwriting remains legible and professional. Whether you're taking notes, signing documents, or writing letters, this black pen will enhance your writing skills and make you stand out from the crowd. The pen also comes with a smooth-operating clip that allows you to attach it securely to your pocket, bag, or notebook. This convenient feature ensures that you nevermisplace your pen and can access it easily whenever you need it.The black pen is not just a writing instrument; it's a statement of style and professionalism. It's perfect for students, professionals, and anyone who values precision and elegance in their writing. So why wait? Grab your new black pen now and experience the difference it can make in your writing.**中文介绍:黑笔**介绍我们最新推出的黑笔,这是一款时尚而优雅的书写工具,必将成为您的新宠。
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Overview of Black & Veatch Projects Documentation ManagementBlack & V eatch utilizes the following kinds of software and system to manage project drawings & documents.1.Powrtrak:POWRTRAK is an information management system composed of a centralized relational database and integrated software application modules making use of that data. The strength and versatility of POWRTRAK is based on the ability of these modules to share and exchange information through a centralized database consisting of hundreds of thousands of data fields. Through the database, all data for a project is stored, updated and retrieved centrally. Data entered into the system through one module is available to the other modules that have access to that data. See attachment1 the detail introduction of POWRTRAK.2.DocumentumDocumentum allows you to place electronic document in a project-allocated repository called a docbase. Once in the docbase, documents can be viewed by all members of the project team. It is no longer necessary to generate multiple copies of a document for paper distribution. By using Documentum, all team members access the same electronic document. This saves time and money because the document is immediately available and reproduction costs are reduced.To facilitate document retrieval, Documentum offers structured navigation and search capability. Navigating Documentum is similar to the Windows File Manager. The Cabinet/Folder structure is similar to a table of contents, and this is helpful when trying to locate documents. You also can find documents by using the Find search option. Using the Find command, you can specify information for the search, such as keywords and subject, and retrieve all related documents. Documentum offersfull-text indexing, allowing you to search on the actual contents of a document.Documentum offers improved version control. As project documents are created, major and minor versions are managed by the application; a complete modification history on every document is retained. For example, you can create a manual and track each change made to the document before the document is approved. This is an optional feature that is used on a document by document basis.Routing project documents in the traditional way is very time-consuming. Documentum offers workflow capabilities to route documents to the project team. The routers can distribute information serially or in parallel. In a serial distribution, the document is sent in order to a series of people (similar to a routing slip). If the information is distributed in parallel, all team members receive the document at the same time (similar to an e-mail distribution). Serial routing is helpful for documents that require review or approval. Parallel routing is for broadcasting information to the team, such as notifying project team members of a letter or fax from the client.3.I-Back-UpIBackup is a Web-based file transfer service built for businesses that regularly send files to and receive files from multiple contacts. IBackup eliminates the hassles of FTP and limitations of e-mail. The design revolves around the idea that professionals, clients and contractors must be able to send and receive files easily without the hassles of logging in with an account. Only individual Black & Veatch departments and projects will require an account with IBackup.Transferring files with IBackup is secure with SSL (128-bit) encryption, the same level of encryption used for online banking. Each project's/department's files arekept in separate locations, and only that project/department will have access to its files.When an organization, such as Black & Veatch, signs up with IBackup, the system generates a Web page specifically for that organization to send and receive files. When professionals, clients and contractors want to send files, they simply visit this Web page, select the files to send, and click Send. The files will be stored on the IBackup server, only accessible by the organization's project/department.A professional may also choose to send files that are within the IBackup server to another client or contractor. The client/contractor will receive an e-mailnotification that the files are ready to be picked up. No account is necessary for the client/contractor.4. Filing Number SystemAs an indispensable part of every Project Instruction Manual, the Filing Number System should be used by every project executed in Black & Veatch to the maximumThe fourth level suffix may be either a two-digit or four-digit suffix. It is used to provide additional classification of design documents in the 40.0000 and 50.0000 series files, contract documents, and manufacturers’ drawings and data in the 60.0000 and 70.0000 series files.The file numbers, including first and second level file numbers, and third level category are defined on the following pages. The fourth level suffix is applicable only to the 40.0000, 50.0000, 60.0000, and 70.0000 file series.10.0000 Project Administration11.0000 Contract Agreement11.0201 Contract Correspondence11.0202 Invoices11.0203 Change Order Requests (Filed by Sequential Number)11.0204 Change Orders (Filed by Sequential Number)11.0205 Payment Records13.0000 Third Party Agreement and Correspondence14.0000 General Correspondence14.0200 B&V/ SC14.0300 B&V/MHI (Lot1)14.0400 B&V/Toshiba (Lot 2)14.0500 B&V/MES (Lot3)14.0600 B&V/TPSC (Lot 5)14.0800 Web Sites15.0000 Memoranda15.0200 Conference-- B&V/ SC15.0300 Conference-- B&V/MHI (Lot1)15.0400 Conference-- B&V/Toshiba (Lot 2)15.0500 Conference-- B&V/MES (Lot3)15.0600 Conference-- B&V/TPSC (Lot 5)15.0800 Intraoffice Memorandum (To/From Jakarta Office)16.0000 Staffing and Training16.0200 Engineering Budget/Resource Allocation16.1000 Forecasting and Planning16.1100 Budget Allocation16.1200 Staff Projections16.1400 Reports16.1500 Assignments17.0000 Public Meeting and Information17.0200 Meetings (PLN Board Meetings, City Council, etc.)17.0400 News Media (Press Releases, Newspaper Clippings, and NewsCoverage in All Media)18.0000 Quality Assurance18.1000 QA Programs – Internal18.1100 B&V Overall QA Program18.2100 Owner – Unique Quality Assurance Requirements18.2200 Project Quality Control Plan18.2350 QMS Deviation Notifications/Approvals18.2450 QMS Deviation Plans18.5000 Contractor Overall Project QA Program20.0000 Project Planning/Control20.1000 Project Reports by Others20.1100 Engineering Deliverables List20.1200 As-Sold Engineering Budget Distribution20.1300 Summary Planned, Earned, Spent Reports20.2110 Project Construction Plan20.2120 Project Constructability Review Plan21.0000 Project Instructions21.0100 Project Instructions Manual21.0200 SC Instructions21.0800 Project Contact and Distribution List21.1525 Equipment Numbering System21.1550 Drawing Numbering System22.0000 Regulatory Requirements23.0000 Project Design Control23.0200 Project Design Memorandum24.0000 Procurement Planning24.0100 Internal Procurement Correspondence--Jakarta Office24.0200 Project Procurement Memorandum24.0400 Procurement Status Report24.0500 Expediting Report24.0600 Bidders List (Miscellaneous Vendor Introduction)24.0700 Inspection Reports24.0800 Preshipment Inspections (General Correspondence)24.0900 Procurement Front End Guide Document24.1000 Master List24.2000 Customs Clearance25.0000 Schedule and Schedule Management25.0200 Overall Project Schedules25.0220 B&V Shipping Schedules25.0400 Management Control Schedule25.0600 Engineering Schedules25.0800 Construction Control Schedule25.1000 Testing and Preoperational Schedules25.2000 Testing and Inspection Notices/Certifications to SC26.0000 Cost and Cost Management26.0200 Engineering Budget and Preliminary Estimate26.0400 Project Cost Estimates26.0550 Man-Hour Summary Reports26.0600 Engineering Time and Expense Reports26.0601 Project Expense Summary Reports (TJB Petty Cash Report)26.0602 Project Expense Breakdown Reports26.0603 Work Code Cost Reports26.0604 Current Cost Reports--ETS26.0800 Cost Accounting/PFC/PMSS/Quarterly Financial ReviewMeeting Information (Monthly Cost Reports)26.1000 LD Insurance27.0000 Information and Information Management27.0200 Engineer's Drawings (Lists)27.0400 Manufacturers' Drawings (Lists)27.0600 Equipment List and Nomenclature27.0800 Components and Data Lists27.1000 Project Closeout Package28.0000 Progress Reports28.0200 Man-Day Status Reports28.0400 Drawing Production Reports28.0600 Equipment and Material Status28.0800 B&V Progress Reports30.0000 Permits and Licenses40.0000 Conceptual Design (Studies, Decisions, and Design Control) 50.0000 Design Engineering (Detailed Design)52.0000 System Design52.0115 Electrical Calculations52.0116 Electrical Calculations52.0306 Chemical Calculations52.3000 ECN File52.3100 Structural ECNs52.3200 Mechanical ECNs52.3300 Electrical ECNs60.0000 Procurement Contracts60.0050 B&V Purchase Requisitions (Internal)60.0100 B&V Purchase Orders (Internal)61.0000 Structural Equipment and Material61.0401 Coal Handling System61.0402 Limestone Handling61.0486 Mobile Equipment61.0805 Grouting61.0806 Painting'61.3200 HVAC, Lighting, Conduit, Outlets, etc61.3801Ductwork and Support Steel61.3802Ductwork Expansion Joints and Dampers61.3803Anchor Bolts61.3804Anchor Bolt Frames61.6004 Adhesive and Expansion Anchors62.0000 Mechanical Equipment and Material62.0201 Particulate Removal Equipment (ESP)62.0202 Flue Gas Scrubber (FGD)62.0205 Continuous Emissions Monitoring Equipment62.0805 Fire Protection and Detection Systems (F&E)62.1400 Insulation and Lagging Materials (F&E)62.1801 Ash Handling Equipment62.2201 Small Bore Piping62.2202 Pipe62.2400 Piping Specialties (Misc Mechanical)62.2408 Pipe Supports62.2418 Primary Flow Elements62.2610 Fuel Oil Pumps62.2613 General Service Horizontal Pumps62.2614 General Service Vertical Pumps62.3403 Induced Draft Fans62.3601 Field Erected Tanks (F&E)62.3800 Valves63.0000 Electrical Equipment and Material63.0800 Insulated Conductors63.3600 Switchgear and Motor Control Assemblies63.5010 Grounding Materials and Equipment63.5020 Raceway - Duct Bank Materials63.5021 Raceway - Cable Tray64.0000 Instrumentation64.0203 CEMS Equipment64.1000 Instrumentation65.0000 Chemical Equipment65.0622 Laboratory Analytical Equipment70.0000 Consortium Construction Contracts76.0500 Freight Forwarding78.0400 Testing and Related Services78.1100 Project Field Staff78.1200 Project Field Office Expense and JV Partner G&A78.1300 Temporary Facilities78.1400 Temporary Utilities78.1500 Construction Equipment78.1556 Small Tools and Consumables78.1600 Site Services78.1900 Safety78.2041 Construction Testing78.2043 Preoperational Testing, Startup, and Calibration 80.0000 Construction Support Services82.0000 Project Site Management82.1000 Site Correspondence82.1001 Site Correspondence82.1002 Site Photos82.2000 Organization and Staffing82.2100 Expatriate Staff82.2110 Expatriate Time Sheets82.2120 Expatriate EBER82.2130 Expatriate Vacation82.2200 Local Staff Site (Local Staff Report to SC)82.2210 Local Time Sheets82.4000 Project Administration (General Business with Local Companies)82.4100 Miscellaneous Material Quotations82.5000 Site Meeting Minutes83.0000 Scheduling, Monitoring, and Reporting84.0000 Site Contract Administration85.0000 Construction Coordination86.0000 Labor Relations and Management87.0000 Loss and Risk Management87.0100 Site Safety Manual (Medical/Trash Disposal)87.0200 Site Security Manual (ID Badges, Vehicle Pass)88.0000 Quality Assurance Program Administration89.0000 Construction/Startup/Operation Interface and Coordination90.0000 Engineering Completion91.0000 Preoperational Procedures and Testing/Commissioning95.0000 Operating Manuals96.0000 Training97.0000 Warranty Administration99.1100Engineering Cost99.1200B&V Construction Management99.1300Two Year Spares99.1500 Project Insurance99.1600 Project Bonds99.1800 Permits and Fees99.1900 Taxes and Duties5.Project MailboxDuring project initiation, a specific project mailbox will be set up by project management for effective project correspondence filing. The project mailbox should be copied on every official correspondence relevant to project. For TJB project, the project mailbox address is P145236TJB@. Any emails which need to go into documentum should be sent to the project mailbox. When sending e-mails to vendors, clients, or other project team members, select P145236TJB@ in the Global listing along with other names you are sending the e-mail to. It then goes into an e-mail cabinet that the secretary can open and process. The email subject line should follow the project correspondence format and include project number, file numbers, date and subject. For example:145236.62.2202.01D 070818 FGD Change Order No. 1(other file numbershere separated by commas)(Main file #) (Date: yymmdd) (Subject) (other file numbers at the end,keep to a minimum)How do they work together?1)Drawings:Every drawing from/to vendor/clients needs to be processed in POWRTACK.J05 is the POWRTRAK database used for storage and control of Black &V eatch drawings. It contains only Black and V eatch drawings and allows employees to quickly and easily access drawings for the projects they are working on.J07 is the POWRTRAK database system that stores all the vendor drawings and documents for Black and V eatch’s projects. It will provide you with information regarding any non-Black and Veatch designed aspect of your project. The main users of J07 are primarily Black & V eatch Engineers.Reviewers review the shop drawings from vendors base on the specification they are assigned. Consolidators review and consolidate the relevant marking.The Drawing Control Clerk is the one who return drawing comments to vendors.2) Project e mails & other project files:Project records including but not limit to contracts, specifications & correspondence are requested to archive into project cabinet in documentum.All project team members have the responsibility to archive their project files or delegate project secretary to do that.All files archived into documentum should have subject lines which clearly and fully summarize the contents of the files.。