Anticlimax
英语语法Anti-cliamx
The function of Anticlimax
The rhetorical device can make questions have the effect of finishing point and humor. The language is from strong to weak, and the tone is from heavy to light. The function is to make fun of, satire and achieve the effect of comedy.
➢Have a fine sense of humor 幽默风趣 ➢Mock and satire 讽刺嘲笑 ➢Beyond all expectations 出人意料
A. He lost his empire, his family and his pen. 他失去了他的帝国，失去了家庭，失去了钢笔。
2 : an event, period, or outcome that is strikingly less important or dramatic than expected
Examples of anticlimax in a Sentence • The last chapter of the book was an
Anti-cliamx
目录
CONTENTS
Meaning Climax and Anti-Climax Function
Meaning
As the name implies,is the opposite of climax and is a device that involves stating one’s thoughts in a descending order of significance or intensity,from strong to weak,from weighty to light or frivolous.
Anti--climax
多项式突降法
• 指说话人或作者在叙述或描述某一事物时，引用 多个选项，这些选项从高到低，从强到弱，从重 到轻，最后得到一个与预期完全不同，甚至相反 的结论，从而达到幽默、风趣的效果。多项式比 两项式和三项式的运用更加广泛。
• He sprang to his feet, flung off his coat, drew his sword, jumped upon the enemy, and burped[bɝp].
• 一阵寂静，亚历山大先开口了，他和蔼地向戴奥真尼斯表示问候。看 看那寒酸的破木桶以及那件唯一的破烂不堪的外衣， 望着躺在地上 的粗糙的身躯，亚历山大说道：“戴奥真尼斯，我能为你做些什么吗 ？”“可以”，戴奥真尼斯答道：“站到一边去，你挡住阳光了。”
• 2）听众或读者在前面数项听到或看到意义重大、 深刻的内容。而最后一项却与预期大相径庭，从 而起到讽刺、嘲弄的效果。
Definition
• A sudden drop from the dignified or important in thought or expression to the commonplace or trivial, something for humorous effect. -- Webster’s New World Dictionary
三项式突降法
• 在由三个描写项构成的对比中，往往前两者在重 要性上较为接近，而第三项则会与前两项形成显 著反差，从而达到“突降”的效果。
• Go not for every grief to the physician, for every quarrel to the lawyer, nor for every thirst to the pot.
英美文学术语
1. Allusion （典故）is a reference without explicit identification, to a literary or historical person, place, or event, or to another literary work or passage. Most literary allusions are intended to be recognized by the generally educated readers of the aut hor’s time, but some are aimed at a special group.2. Atmosphere（氛围）: the prevailing mood or feeling of a literary work. Atmosphere is often developed, at least in part, through descriptions of setting. Such descriptions help to create an emotional climate to establish the reader’s expectations and attitudes.3. Climax：as a rhetorical device it means an ascending sequence of importance. As a literary term, it can also refer to the point of greatest intensity, interest, or suspense in a story’s turning poi nt. The action leading to the climax and the simultaneous increase of tension in the plot are known as the rising action. All action after the climax is referred to as the falling action, or resolution. The term crisis is sometimes used interchangeably with climax.4. Anticlimax（突降）：it denotes a writer’s deliberate drop from the serious and elevated to the trivial and lowly, in order to achieve a comic or satiric effect. It is a rhetorical device in English.5. Characters（人物）are the persons represented in a dramatic or narrative work, who are interpreted by the reader as being endowed with particular moral, intellectual, and emotional qualities by inferences from the dialogues, actions and motivations. E. M. Forster divides characters into two types: flat character, which is presented without much individualizing detail; and round character, which is complex in temperament and motivation and is represented with subtle particularity.6. Comedy:（喜剧）in general, a literary work that ends happily with a healthy, amicable armistice between the protagonist and society.7. Farce （闹剧）is a type of comedy designed to provoke the audience to simple and hearty laughter. To do so it commonly employs highly exaggerated types of characters and puts them into improbable and ludicrous situations.of other meters.8. Hyperbole（夸张）:this figure of speech called hyperbole is bold overstatement, or the extravagant exaggeration of fact or of possibility. It may be used either for serious or ironic or comic effect.9. Understatement（轻描淡写）：this figure of speech deliberately represents something as very much less in magnitude or importance than it really is, or is ordinarily considered to be. The effect is usual ly ironic.10. Irony（反讽）：This term derives from a character in a Greek comedy. In most of the modern cr itical uses of the term “irony”, there remains the root sense of dissembling or hiding what is actually the case; not, however, in order to deceive, but to achieve rhetorical or artistic effects.11. Theme（主题）：The term is usually applied to a general concept or doctrine, whether implicit or asserted, which an imaginative work is designed to incorporate and make persuasive to the reader.12. Multiple Point of View （多重视角）：It is one of the literary techniques William Faulkner used, which shows within the same story how the characters reacted differently to the same person or the same situation. The use of this technique gave the story a circular form wherein one event was the center, with various pointsof view radiating from it. The multiple points of view technique makes the reader recognize the difficulty of arriving at a true judgment.13. Flashback（闪回）：interpolating narratives or scenes which represent events that happened before the time at which the work opened; for example, it is used in Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman.14. Plot（情节）：The plot in a dramatic or narrative work is constituted by its events and actions, as these are rendered and ordered toward achieving particular artistic and emotional effects.15. Short Story: A fictional prose take of no specified length,but too short to be published as a volume on its own.A short story will normally concentrate on a single event with only one or two characters,more economically than a novel's sustained exploration of social background.There are similar fictional forms of greater antiquity,but the short story,as we know it,flourished in the magazines of the 19th and early 20th centuries,especially in the USA,which has a particularly strong tradition.16.Narration: Like description, narration is a part of conversation and witting. Narration is the major technique used in expository witting, such as autobiography. Successful narration must grow out of good observation,to-the-point selection from observation, and clear arrangement of details in logical sequence, which is usually chronological. Narration gives an exact picture of things as they occur.17. Renaissance:The term originally indicated a revival of classical (Greek and Roman) arts and sciences after the dark ages of medieval obscurantism18. Symbol: A symbol is a sign which suggests more than its literal meaning. In other words, a symbol is both literal and figurative. A symbol is a way of telling a story and a way of conveying meaning. The best symbols are those that are believable in the lives of the characters and also convincing as they convey a meaning beyond the literal level of the story. If the symbol is obscure or ambiguous, then the very obscurity and the ambiguity may also be part of the meaning of the story.19. Symbolism:Symbolism is the writing technique of using symbols. It’s a literary movement that arose in France in the last half of the 19th century and that greatly influenced many English writers, particularly poets, of the 20th century. It enables poets to compress a very complex idea or set of ideas into one image or even one word. It’s one of the most powerful devices that poets employ in creation.20. Theme; The general idea or insight about life that a writer wishes to express in a literary work. All the elements of a literary work-plot, setting, characterization, and figurative language-contribute to the development of its theme.21. Tone: The attitude a writer takes toward his or her subject, characters, or audience. The tone of a speech ora piece of writing can be formal or intimate; outspoken or reticent; abstruse or simple; solemn or playful; angry or loving; serious or ironic.22. Tragedy: In general, a literary work in which the protagonist meets an unhappy or disastrous23. Motif: A recurring feature (such as a name, an image, or a phrase) in a work of literature. A motif generally contributes in some way to the theme of a short story, novel, poem, or play. At times, motif is used to refer to some commonly used plot or character type in literature.24. Motivation:The reasons, either stated or implied, for a character’s behavior. To make a story believable, a writer must provide characters with motivation sufficient to explain what they do. Characters may be motivated by outside events, or they may be motivated by inner needs or fears.25.Narrator: One who narrates, or tells, a story. A story may be told by a first-person narrator, someone who is either a major or minor character in the story. Or a story may be told by a third-person narrator, someone who is not in the story at all. The word narrator can also refer to a character in a drama who guides the audience through the play, often commenting on the action and sometimes participating in it.26. Novel: A book-length fictional prose narrative, having may characters and often a complex plot.27.Plot: Plot is the first and most obvious quality of a story. It is the sequence of events or actions in a short story, novel, play, or narrative poem. For the reader, the plot is the underlying pattern in a work of fiction, the structural element that gives it unity and order. For the writer, the plot is the guiding principle of selection and arrangement. Conflict, a struggle of some kind, is the most important element of plot. Each event in the plot is related to the conflict, the struggle that the main character undergoes. Conflict may be external or internal, and there may be more than one form of conflict in a work. As the plot advances, we learn how the conflict is resolved. Action is generally introduced by the exposition, information essential to understanding the situation. The action rises to a crisis, or climax. This movement is called the rising action. The falling action, which follows the crisis, shows a reversal of fortune for the protagonist. The denouement or resolution is the moment when the conflict ends and the outcome of the action is clear.28. Point of view: The vantage point from which a narrative is told. There are two basic points of view:first-person and third-person. In the first-person point of view, the story is told by one of the characters in his or her own words. The first-person point of view is limited. In the third-person point of view, the narrator is not a character in the story. The narrator may be an omniscient. On the other hand, the third-person narrator mighttell a story from the point of view of only one character in the story.29. Protagonist: The central character of a drama, novel, short story, or narrative poem. The protagonist is the character on whom the action centers and with whom the reader sympathizes most. Usually the protagonist strives against an opposing force, or antagonist , to accomplish something30. Diction:A writer’s choice of words, particularly for clarity, effectiveness, and precision.31. Exp osition: (1) That part of a narrative or drama in which important background information is revealed. (2) It is the kind of writing that is intended primarily to present information. Exposition is one of the major formsof discourse. The most familiar form it takes is in essays. Exposition is also that part of a play in which important background information is revealed to the audience.32. Figurative language: Language that is not intended to be interpreted in a literal sense. By appealing to the imagination, figurative language provides new ways of looking at the world. Figurative language consists of such figures of speech as hyperbole, metaphor, metonymy, oxymoron矛盾修饰法, personification, simile, and synecdoche.33. Figure of speech: A word or an expression that is not meant to be interpreted in a literal sense. The most common kinds of figures of speech—simile, metaphor, personification, and metonymy—involve a comparison between unlike things.34. Foreshadowing: The use of hints or clues in a narrative to suggest what will happen later. Writers use foreshadowing to create interest and to build suspense. Sometimes foreshadowing also prepares the reader for the ending of the story.35. Irony: A contrast or an incongruity between what is stated and what is really meant, or between what is expected to happen and what actually happens. Three kinds of irony are (1) verbal irony, in which a writer or speaker says one thing and means something entirely different; (2) dramatic irony, in which a reader or an audience perceives something that a character in the story or play does not know; (3) irony of situation, in which the writer shows a discrepancy between the expected results of some action or situation and its actual results.36. Antagonist: A person or force opposing the protagonist in a narrative; a rival of the hero or heroine.37. Denouement结局: The outcome of a plot. The denouement is that part of a play, short story, novel, or narrative poem in which conflicts are resolved or unraveled, and mysteries and secrets connected with the plot are explained.。
英语中的十九种修辞
1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice。(用视觉形容听觉，鸟落在树上，由它发出的声音联想到百合花)
鸟儿落在树上，倾泻出百合花似的声音。
2>.Taste the music of Mozart。(用嗅觉形容听觉)
这也是一种矛盾修辞法，用两种不相调和的特征形容一个事物，以不协调的搭配使读者领悟句中微妙的含义。
例如：
1>.No light, but rather darkness visible。没有光亮，黑暗却清晰可见
2>.The state of this house is cheerless welcome。
例如：
1>.How was it possible to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worth of note?
2>.Shall we allow பைடு நூலகம்hose untruths to go unanswered?
15.Antithesis 对照，对比，对偶
例如：
1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper。
2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested。
3.Metonymy 借喻，转喻
2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud。
Climax and Anticlimax
Climax
Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. The audience smiled, chuckled, and finally howled. (微笑，窃窃而笑最后捧腹大笑)
Anticlimax
The duties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes. A man snatches the first kiss, pleads for second, demands the third, takes the fourth, accepts the fifth-and endures all the rest.
I’m sorry, I am so very sorry, I am so extremely sorry. (Chesterton) He who loses wealth loses much; he who loses a friend loses more; but he who loses courage loses all.
I came, I saw, I conquered. Some read to think, these are rare; some read to write, these are common; and some read to talk, and these form the great majority.
Climax(层进法)
A rhetorical series of ideas, images, etc. arranged progressively so that the most forceful is last. 通过一系列观念、形象的修辞安排，逐步 把意思往前推进，最有力量的放在最后
电影名词解释（中英文对照）（1）_新闻传媒英语词汇
aberration 像差摄影影头因制作不精密，或人为的损害，不能将一点所发出的所有光线聚焦于底片感光膜上的同一位置，使影像变形，或失焦模糊不清。
absolute film 绝对电影一种用抽象图形来诠释音乐的影片。
由德国羊肠小道前卫电影导演奥斯卡费辛格于1925-1930年首创。
abstract film 抽象电影一种通过影片的剪辑、视觉技巧、声音性质、色彩形状以及韵律设计等，来表达意念，给人一种自由自在、不拘形式感觉的电影。
电影术语以及解释academic editing 学院式剪接一种仔细依循电影剧情发展过程的剪接方式。
其目的是在于重建一个事件的全部过程，维持电影剧情发展的流畅性。
因这种剪接方式不会引起观众对剪接本身的注意，有时也被称为“无痕迹剪接”，是好莱坞最常用的剪接方式之一。
academy aperture 影艺学院片门由美国影艺学院推行的一种电影片门规格，主要是用于35毫米电影摄影机和放映机。
此种规格宽高比例为1.33：1。
亦称academy frame。
academy awards 奥斯卡金像奖美国影艺学院于1972年设立的奖项，每年颁给表现杰出的电影工作者。
每一个奖项最多有五个提名。
个人项目奖，可以提高演员或电影工作者的身价。
academy leader 影艺学院导片依据影艺学院所设定的标准，连接在放映拷贝首尾的一段胶片。
导片中含有一系列倒数的数字、放映记录和其他信息，便于放映师装片和换片。
导片不仅有保护影片的功能，同时可使放映机从起动到第一格画面到达放映机片门之前，达到正常的放映速度。
academy mask 影艺学院遮片由影艺学院规画出来的一种遮掩摄影机部分片门的装置。
academy of motion picture arts ＆science 美国影艺学院（台）美国电影艺术和科学学院（大陆）成立于1927年，宗旨是“提升电影媒体的艺术品质，提供电影工业不同部门及技术的普遍交流，促进动技术研究与文化发展的代表作，追求其既定的多元化目标”。
Anti-climax
Anti-climax（突降；反高潮）I. DefinitionThe usually sudden transition in writing or speaking from an idea of significance or dignity to an idea trivial or ludicrous by comparison especially at the close of a series, sentences, or passage.从重要的、崇高的话题突然降至不重要的、卑微的话题，即从高潮一下子降到低潮，给人以轻松、幽默、诙谐等感觉。
II. Climax & Anti-climax1.Anti-climax is the opposite of climax.2.从结构上看，anti-climax与climax 的不同之处在于：climax所排列的层递结构一般都在三项或三项以上；而anti-climax 所排列的突降结构两项即可成立，但也不乏三项或三项以上者。
Anticlimax(突降)在语义上的急转直下往往出人意料之外，令人猝不及防。
这主要是由于其最后一项结构与前一项(或数项)结构在内容上形成鲜明对照，其次还在于Anticlimax常采用掉尾句(periodic sentence)或破折号等语法手段，从而给读者或听众造成一种悬念。
III. Examples1. It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a fortune must be in want of a wife．---June Austen：Pride and Prejudice这是一条举世公认的真理:凡是有钱的单身汉，总想娶位太太凡是有钱的单身汉，总想娶位太太，这已经成了一条举世公认的真理。
2. For God，for America，and for Y ale．为了上帝，为了美国，也为了耶鲁。
climax and anticlimax
Anticlimax 递降
作者首先说出“有许多车载骡驮的旅伴”， 读者脑子里预料作者会进一步谈及诸如政治 家、艺术家、作家等各种各样重要的旅行者， 没想到紧接着陡然一降，接上去的话竟是 ‘和灰尘’。“灰尘”与“旅伴”相提并论， 轻重有天壤之别，不由人不笑；然而日晒天 干，尘土飞扬，旅行人多更生滚滚灰尘，想 来其情其景亦不由人不笑。
Climax 递升
I admire her, I love her, I need her. 我敬慕她，我钟爱她，我需要她。
从“敬慕到钟爱到需要”生动形象地表述了说话人越来越强烈的感情和 迫不及待地欲与该女结为连理的强烈愿望。
He dares to think, dares to speak, and dares to act. 他敢想、敢说、敢做。
Climax 递升
递升修辞格是阐述事理时把一系列相关的事 物按由轻到重,由弱到强的顺序排列, 有如楼 梯沿级而上达到顶点, 使事理阐述越来越明 了,越来越强调,越来越深刻的一种修辞手法.
书上P272 有涉及这部分的内容
Climax 递升
I am sorry, I am terribly sorry, I am extremely sorry. 我抱歉，我很抱歉，我实在太抱歉了。 It is good, it is very good, it is wonderful. 好，很好，实在太好了。 Good! It is not just good, but wonderful! 好!不是小好，而是大好!
从“面对魔鬼”降到“面对老鼠”再到“在一阵闪电面前会失去控 制而精神崩溃”，让读者在嬉笑中体会到该女人“外强中干”、 “装腔作势”的胆小鬼形象。
Thank you——
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【A n tith e s is 】
3、H e is o u t vis itin g th e n e c e s s a ry .
【E u p h e m is m 】
4、T h e n ig h t g e n tly la y s h e r h a n d a t o u r fe v e re d h e a d s . 2013-12-26
Definition
Sudden lowering of tone: an unexpected change in tone or subject matter from the serious or compelling to the trivial, comic or dull.It's usually from strong to weak,from weighty to light or frivolous. • Function: satire, humor
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Exercise
1、I a m so rry , I a m so so rry , I a m so e x tre m e ly so rry .
【C lim a x 】 2、G iv e m e lib e rty , o r g iv e m e d e a th .
2013-12-26
使意义强 烈的语言 按照步步 降低的语 序排列， 语势由强 而弱，语 气由重到 轻，已达 到讽刺或 惊奇的效 果。
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E x a m p le s
1、 My car was stolen, my house burned down, and forgot to tie my shoes. 2、 Alas! Alas! What shall I do ? I’ve lost my wife and best hat, too. 3、 It’s a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a fortune must be in want of a wife. 4、At one fell swoop, he lost his wife, his children, his household goods and his dog. 5、The duties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel
Thank you!