托福听力tpo1-10对话图书馆场景高频词
TPO1-10对话题目答案
TPO1-TPO10 对话练习TPO1 Conversation 11. Why does the student go to see the librarian?To sign up for a seminar on using electronic sources for researchTo report that a journal is missing from the reference areaTo find out the procedure for checking out journal articlesTo ask about how to look for resources for a class paper2.What does the librarian say about the availability of journals and articles in the library?They are not easy to find if a professor put them on reserveMost of them are accessible in an electronic formatMost of them can be checked out for three weeksPrinted versions from the past three years are located in the reference section.3.What does the librarian suggest the student should do to save time?Choose an easier research topicConcentrate on five journalsRead the summaries of the articles first Install a new program on her home computer4.What can be inferred about why the woman decides to use the computer in the library?She thinks she might need additional help from the manShe does not have a computer at home She has to hand in her assignment by the end of the dayShe will be meeting a friend in the library later on5.Why does the woman say this()She had forgotten about the information She is surprised she was not aware of the informationShe is annoyed that the information was published only recentlyShe is concerned that the librarian gave her incorrect information TPO1 Conversation 21.What is the conversation mainly aboutA lesson Matthew prepared for his studentsA class Matthew has been observingA term paper that Matthew has writtenA problem in Matthew's classroom2.What is Matthew's opinion about observing Mr.Grabell's third-grade class? It will help him become a more effective teacherIt could help improve his study habitsIt has improved his public-speaking skills It may be the most difficult assignment he has had3.Why does Matthew mention Greek and Roman mythology?To identify a topic frequently discussed in third gradeTo get the professor's opinion about a lesson he taughtTo make a suggestion to improve the class he is takingTo illustrate a technique used to teach a third-grade class4.What important skills did Mr.Grabell introduce to his third-grade class?Click on 3 answersReviewing other student's reportsUsing books in the libraryInterviewing their classmatesSpeaking in publicWriting reports5.What will Matthew probably do in next Wednesday's class?Hand in his assignment earlyTry to start a study groupMake a presentation to the classChoose a topic for his paperTPO2 Conversation 11.Why does the man go to see his professor To borrow some charts and graphs from herTo ask her to explain some statisticalproceduresTo talk about report he is writingTo discuss a grade he got on a paper 2.What information will the man include in his report?Click in the correct box for each phrase Include in report Not include in report Climate chartsInterviews withmeteorologistsJournals notesStatistical tests3.Why does the professor tell the man about the appointment at the doctor's office?To demonstrate a way of remembering thingsTo explain why she needs to leave soon To illustrate a point that appears in his reportTo emphasize the importance of good health4.What does the professor offer to do for the manHelp him collect more data in other areas of the stateSubmit his research findings for publicationGive him the doctor's telephone number Review the first version of his report5.Why does the professor say this()To question the length of the paperTo offer encouragementTo dispute the data sourcesTo explain a theoryTPO2 Conversation 21.What are the students mainly discussing? Click on 2 answersTheir courses for next semesterTheir plans for the weekendA poetry clubA class assignment2.What does the man plan to do at the end of the monthRegister for classesFinish writing his master's thesisLeave his job at the coffee shopTake a short vacation3.Why does the man talk to the woman about the "Poetry Kitchen"?To find out how often the club meetsTo inform her that the date of the next meeting has changedTo complain that not enough people are reading their poemsTo encourage her to attend4.What is the woman's attitude toward participating in the poetry club?She is looking forward to hearing her professor's poetryShe is interested in attending but she has no timeShe thinks the poetry that is read there is not very goodShe used to participate but did not enjoy it5.What will the students do in the summer They will both take coursesThey will both have full-time jobsThey will travel to England togetherThey will teach a class togetherTPO3 Conversation 1Q1Why does the women come to the office? To notify the university of her change of addressTo find out where her physics class is being heldTo get directions to the science building To complain about her physics class being canceledQ2What happened to the letter the university sent to the woman?She threw it away by mistakeHer roommate forgot to give it to herIt was sent to her old mailing addressIt was sent to another student by mistake Q3Why was the woman’s physics class canceled?Not enough students signed up to take the classNo professors were available to teach theclassThe university changed its requirements for physics studentsThere were no classrooms available in the science building at the hourQ4What does the man suggest the woman do before the beginning of next semester?Consult with her advisor about her class scheduleCheck with the registrar’s office about the location of the classRegister for her classes earlyCall the physics departmentQ5What does the man imply when he say this: He know the physics class has been canceledHe is not sure where the science building isMany of the room assignments have been changedThe women can check for herself where her class isTPO3 Conversation 2Q1Why does the student go to see the professor?To ask about a class assignmentTo find out about a midsemester project To get information about summer jobsTo discuss ways to improve his gradeQ2What was originally located on the site of the lecture hall?A farmhouseA pottery factoryA clothing storeA bottle-manufacturing plantQ3What is mentioned as an advantage of working on this project?Off-campus travel is paid offStudents can leave class earlyThe location is convenientIt fulfills a graduation requirementQ4What is the professor considering doing to get move volunteers?Offering extra class creditPaying the students for their timeAsking for student volunteers from outside her classProviding flexible work schedulesQ5What information does the student still need to get from the professor?The name of the senior researcherWhat book he needs to read before the next lectureWhen the train session will be scheduled Where the project is locatedTPO4 Conversation 11. Why does the man need the woman’s assistance?Click on 2 answers.A. He does not know the publication date of some reviews he needs.B. He does not know the location of the library’s vides collection of plays.C. He does not know how to find out where the play is currently being performed.D. He does not know how to determine which newspaper he should look at.2. What does the woman imply about critical reaction to the play Happy Strangers?A. Negative critical reaction led to its content being revised after it premiered.B. The play has always been quite popular among university students.C. Reactions to the play are more positive nowadays than they were in the past.D. The play is rarely performed nowadays because critics have never liked it.3. What does the woman say about her experience seeing a performance of Happy Strangers when she wasyounger?Click on 2 answers.A. It was the first play she had seen performed professionally.B. She saw it against the wishes of her parents.C. She was surprised at how traditional the performance was.D. She had a variety of emotional reactions to the play.4. What is the man’s attitude toward his current assignment?A. He is not confident that he will find the materials he needs.B. He feels that performing in a play is less boring than reading one.C. He thinks his review of the play will be more objective than the contemporary reviewswere.D. He is optimistic that he will learn to appreciate the play he is researching.5. Replay: Why does the woman say this?A. To ask the man to clarify his request.B. To state the man’s request more precisely.C. To make sure that she heard the man correctly.D. To correct a mistake the man has made.TPO4 Conversation 21. What is the conversation mainly about?A. Methods for finding appropriate sources for a project.B. Reasons the woman is having difficulties with a project.C. Criteria the professor uses to evaluate group projects.D. Ways to develop the skills needed to work in groups.2. Why does the professor mention the‘free-rider’ problem?A. To review a concept he explained in class.B. To give the student a plan to solve her problem.C. To clarify the problem the student is facing.D. To explain a benefit of working in groups.3. What is the professor’s opinion of the other students in the woman’s group?A. They try to take credit for work they did not do.B. They did not perform well in previous courses with him.C. They are more motivated when they are working in a group.D. They do good work when they are interested in the subject4. Why did the woman choose property rights as a topic?A. The professor recommended the topic.B. She already had a lot of reference materials on the subject.C. She wanted to learn something new.D. It was easy to research at the school library.5. What mistakes does the professor imply the woman has made while working on a project?Click on 2 answersA. Finding sources for her group partners.B. Writing the weekly progress reports for her group.C. Forgetting to pay attention to the project’s deadlines.D. Failing to involve the group members in the selection of a topic.TPO5 Conversation 1Conversation1Q1: What do the speakers mainly discuss?A. Why the woman has little in common with her roommatesB. How the woman can keep up in her academic studiesC. The woman’s adjustment to life at the universityD. The woman’s decision to transfer to another universityQ2: Why does the woman mention her hometown?A. To draw a contrast to her current situationB. To acknowledge that she is accustomed to living in big citiesC. To indicate that she has known some people on campus for a long timeD. To emphasize her previous success in academic studiesQ3: What does the woman imply about incident that occurred in her sociology class?A. She was embarrassed because she gave an incorrect answerB. She was upset because the professor seemed to ignore herC. She was confused by the organization of the professor’ s lectureD. She was surprised by the comments of the other studentsQ4: According to the counselor, why should the woman visit her professor’s office? Click on 2 answers.A. To offer a complimentB. To offer to help other studentsC. To introduce herselfD. To suggest ways of making the class more personalQ5: What does the woman imply about joining the string quartet?A. It would enable her to continue a hobby she gave up when she was tenB. It would allow her to spend more time in her major area of studyC. It would help her stop worrying about her academic studiesD. It would be a way to meet students with similar interests.TPO5 Conversation 2ConversationQ1: What is the conversation mainly about?A. An assignment about which the student would like adviceB. Concerns as to whether the student should be in the pro fessor’s courseC. The selection of films to be viewed by students in a film theory courseD. The structure and sequence of courses in the Film DepartmentQ2: What is the professor’s attitude toward the student’s high school film course?A. He does not consider it satisfactory preparation for the class he teachesB. He does not think that literary works should be discussed in film classesC. He believes that this type of course often confuses inexperienced studentsD. He feels that the approach taken in this course is the best way to learn about film Q3: Why was the student permitted to sign up for professor’s film theory course?A. Her high school course fulfilled the requirement for previous course workB. The computer system that usually blocks students was not working properlyC. An employee in the department did not follow instructionsD. The professor made an exception in her caseQ4: Why does the professor decide to allow the student in his class?Click on 2 answers.A. She needs to take the course in order to graduateB. He is impressed with her eagerness to continueC. She convinces him that she does have adequate preparation for the courseD. He learns that she is nor studying film as her main course of studyQ5: What does the professor advise the student to so in order to keep up with the class she is in?A. Take the introductory courseB. Watch some video recordingsC. Do extra readingD. Drop out of her marketing classTPO6 Conversation 11. why does the student go to the career services officeto confirm the date and time of the career fairto learn the location of the career fairto find out he is allowed to attend the career fairto get advice about interviewing at the career fair2. why does the student think that companies’ representatives would not be interested in talking to himhe will not be graduating this yearhe is not currently talking business classeshe has not declared a major yethe does not have a current resume3. what does the woman imply about the small print on the career fair posters and flyersthe information in the small print was incompletethe print was similar than she expected it to bethe information the small print contains will be updatedthe information in the small print will be presented in a more noticeable way4. what does the woman say is a good way for the student to prepare for speaking to companies’representatives( )take some business classesfamiliarize himself with certain businesses beforehandhave questions ready to ask the representativestalk to people who work for accounting films5. Why does the student say this:To acknowledge that he cannot go to this year’s career fairTo acknowledge the amount of preparation he will haveTo indicate that he has school work he must complete before the career fa irTo indicate that he needs to go to his job nowTPO6 Conversation 21. Why does student go to see the professor?She is having trouble finding topic for the term paperShe needs his help to find resource materialsShe wants to ask him for an extension on a paperShe wants him to approve her plans for a term paper2. why is the student interested in learning more about dialectsshe often has trouble understanding what other students are sayingshe is trying to change the way she speaksshe is aware that her own dialect differs from those of her roommatesshe spent her childhood various places where different dialects are spoken3. Based on the conversation, what can be conducted about dialect accommodation(2) It is a largely subconscious processIt is a process that applies only to some detailsIt is very common phenomenonIt is a topic that has not been explored extensively4. what does the professor want the student to do nextread some articles he has recommended present her proposal before the entire classsubmit a design plan for the projectlisten to recordings of different dialects 5. What can be inferred about the professor when he says this:He thinks the topic goes beyond his expertiseHe thinks the topic is too broad for the student to manageHe thinks the topic is not relevant for a linguistic classHe thinks other students may have chosen the same topicTPO7 Conversation 11.why does the man go to see the professor To hand in a late assignmentTo find out about jobs in the department To discuss Dean Adam's current researchTo volunteer to help organize an event 2.how did the man learn about Dean Adams' retirement?He read about it in an e-mail message It was posted on a bulletin boardHe heard other students discussing itDean Adams announced it in her class 3.why does the professor refuse the man's offer to help with a party?Click on 2 answersTwo people are already working on itShe prefers that he spend his time on another projectThe party does not require muchpreparationDean Adams is not permanently leaving the department4.why does the professor talk about speciation?To describe the main focus of the work she needs help withTo tell the man about a new research area in ethnologyTo explain what Dean Adams chose to work on in IndonesiaTo demonstrate how varied Dean Adams' research has been5.why does the professor say this()To express doubt about the man's qualifications for the projectTo ask the man if he would be willing to work on the projectTo ask the man to recommend someone for the projectTo apologize for not being able to offer the project to the manTPO7 Conversation 21. Why does the student come to the library?To learn about the library's resourcesTo ask about interlibrary loansTo attend the new student orientationTo start work on a research project2. why does the librarian point out the history section to the student?She wants to point out the closest area containing copy machinesShe assumes that he will need to do research thereThe student is looking for a book he used at his last schoolStudents sometimes mistakenly assume that the section contains literature books 3. what does the student imply about the interlibrary loan service at his last school? He never used itHe came to appreciate itIt was inconvenientIt was expensive 4. what does the student need to do before he can use any rare books?Click on 2 answersPurchase a cardObtain permissionPut on glovesTry interlibrary loan first5. which sentence best expresses what the librarian means when she says this()I wish this were trueThat is not a very good ideaThanks for your suggestionThat is what we intendedTPO8 Conversation 11. Why does the man go to see the registrar?A. To find out why he is not on the list of graduating studentsB. To explain why he has not fulfilled his graduation requirementsC. To find out the exact requirements for graduationD. To submit a document required for graduation2. According to the registrar, what step is currently taken to ensure that students fulfill their graduationrequirements?A. Academic records are regularly checked by the registrar’s officeB. Students meet with a department chairperson to plan their course workC. Students receive letters listing the courses that they still need to takeD. Warning letters are sent to students who have fallen behind in their course work3. Why does the man mention his classmates?A. To explain how he obtained information about field researchB. To point out that many students like to do field researchC. To show that it is difficult to get intermediate-level creditsD. To emphasize his motivation to do filed research in two of his courses4. Why does the registrar tell the man tocontact his chairperson immediately?A. A deadline has already passedB. The man has a limited time to resolve his problemC. The man first needs to find out if the chairperson will help himD. Issuing a new grade may take longer than expected5. Listening again to part of the conversation. Then answer the question. Why does the registrar imply when she says this:A. She is uncertain about the reliability of the computerB. She will approve the man’s form despite her doubts about itC. She needs more information about the man’s creditsD. She needs to call someone to help her fix computer errorsTPO8 Conversation 21. What is the conversation mainly about?A. Preparing for a testB. A strategy for attracting customersC. Business opportunities in the field of healthD. Differences between two business models2. What does the professor imply about the upcoming test?A. It will not contain questions about the health-club modelB. It will ask about ways to improve the customer’s self-imageC. It will require students to discuss marketing strategies for librariesD. It will not require students to give examples of successful businesses3. Based on the conversation, indicate whether each of the following is offered by health clubs.Click in the correct boxes. This question is worth two points.Yes NoLow membership feesHigh-quality facilitiesExercise classes Positive self-imageSpecial presentations4. What does the professor imply about public libraries?A. They tend to be more popular than health clubsB. They cannot offer as many services as health clubsC. They should not spend money onhigh-quality equipmentD. They need to give greater emphasis to strategic marketing5. Listening again to part of the conversation. Then answer the question. Why does the student say this?A. To introduce a personal story about exercisingB. To point out a flaw in the health-club modelC. To give an example that supports the professor’s pointD. To explain why he disagrees with the professorTPO9 Conversation11. Why does the woman go to see the professor?To get advice on the topic of a term paper To discuss different types of food packagingTo find out if the university will offer courses in food packagingTo ask about jobs in the food industry 2. Why does the professor mention his previous jobs?To explain why the woman should study physics, math, and chemistryTo recommend that the woman get a summer job on a fishing boatTo point out that industry jobs can lead to a teaching careerTo confirm an assumption the woman made about finding a job3. The woman mentions a research study of milk packaging. What was the finding of the study?Plastic containers may change the flavor of milk.Light may negatively affect the quality of milk.People prefer to buy milk in see-through containers.Opaque containers are effective in protecting milk from bacteria.4. What does the professor imply about the dairy in Chelsea?It has plans to start bottling milk in opaque containers.Some of its employees attended the university.Employees there might be able to provide useful information.He worked there before joining the university faculty.5. Listen again to part of the conversation. Then answer the question.What does the woman mean when she says this: …She has read conflicting information.She has been too busy to begin her research.The topic she is researching is too broad. The information she needs is not available.TPO9 Conversation 21. What are the speakers mainly discussing?A book that the man is trying to find in the libraryA book that the man already returned to the libraryA book that the man is using to write his senior thesisA book that the man lent to his sociology professor2. What does the woman offer to do for the man?Let the man know when a book he needs is returned to the libraryPhotocopy a chapter of a book for him Ask a professor to return a book the man needsFind a copy of a book for him at another library3. What is the woman trying to explain when she mentions students who have lost their borrowingprivileges?Why the man should not photocopy part of the bookThe reasons for one of the library’s policiesWhat will happen if the man does not return the bookThe reason the man has to fill out a form4. How does the man probably feel at the end of the conversation?Annoyed that he has to pay a fine on the bookUpset that he will lose his library privilegesGlad that he can keep the book for two more weeksAppreciative that the woman is helping him5. Listen again to part of the conversation. Then answer the question.Why does the woman say this: …To make sure she understands what the man’s problem isTo encourage the man to return the book to the library soonTo check whether the man has already returned the bookTo explain to the man a change in the library’s policiesTPO10 Conversation 11.Why does the student go to see the professor?○To discuss the latest trends in the photography shows○To find out why some of her work was not selected for a show○To discuss how to get her photographs exhibited○To find out about a student photograph y show on campus2 According to the professor, what is the best way to create work that is likely to be chosen for a show○By taking photographs that fit withcurrent trends○By following one’s own artistic views○By consulting experienced photographers○B y learning what gallery owners are interested in3 What does the professor imply about photography created outside of the classroom○It is usually technically stronger than work created for a class○It tends to be more interesting than class work○It faces increased pressure to be trendy ○It is more likely to be exhibited than is work created for a class4.According to the professor, what are two ways young photographers can market their workClick on 2 answers○Share examples of their work with others ○Hire a professional agent to sell their work○Display their work in places other than gallery○Ask a professor to recommend their work to gallery owners5.Listen again to part of the conversation Then answer the questionWhy does the student say this:○ T o ask the professor to reevaluate her work○ To indicate that she understands the importance of sharing her work○To show that she disagrees with the professor’s opinion○To suggest that her work has met the professor’s criteriaTPO10 Conversation 21 Why does the student go to the bookstore ○ To purchase a book by Jane bowles○ To find out which books he need for a course○ To return a book that was originally assigned for a course○ To find out how to order a book for a course2 What is the store's policy about giving refunds on books?Click on 2 answers○ Books that are not for a specific course will receive a store credit instead of a refund○ Course textbooks can be returned for a full refund early in the school semester○ All books must be returned wi thin two weeks to be eligible for a full refund○ Only books that are in new condition will get a full refund3 Why is the professor not going to discuss the book by Jane bowles in the class?○ There is not enough time left in the semester○ Not all of the students were able to get a copy of the book○ The professor miscalculated the difficulty level of the bool○ The book was not on the course syllabus 4 What does the woman imply about the book written by Jane Bowles○ It is worth reading○ It focuses on a serious topic○ She is not familiar with it○ She read it for a literature class5 Why does the man mean when he says this○ He thinks the store's policy is too strict.○ He is happy that the woman has agreed to his request○ He is surprised at the woman's suggestion.○ He is annoyed that he needs to give the woman more informationTPO 1 Section 11. D2. B3. C4. A5. B6. C7. C8. A9. B10. B11. A12. B13. D14. The amountof……The age of……Zircon in the…….15. B16. A17. BSection 21. B。
托福TPO01听力答案详细解析
以下内容版权归粉叶猪所有，转载请注明TPO 01 –Listening PartSection 1Conversation（场景归类——图书馆）NarratorListen to part of a conversation between astudent and a librarian.StudentHi, um…, I really hope you canhelp me.LibrarianThat‟s why I‟m here. What can I do for you?Student（1）I‟m supposed to do a literature review formy psychology course, but um… havinga hard time finding articles. I don‟t even know where to start looking.LibrarianYou said this is for your psychologycourse, right? So your focus is on …StudentDream Interpretation.LibrarianWell, you have a focus, so that‟salready a good start. Hmmm… well, there‟re a few things… oh,wait… Have you checked to see if your professor put any materialfor you to look at on reserve?StudentAha, that‟s one thing I did know to do. I just copied an article, but I still need three more on my topicfrom three different journals.LibrarianLet‟s get you going onlooking for those then. We have printed versions oftwenty psychology journals in the Reference Section. These are the onespublished within the last year. Then I think about it…there‟s a journal named Sleep and Dream.StudentOh, yeah, the article I just copied is fromthat journal, so I‟vegot to look at other sources.Librarian（2）Ok, actually, most of our materials are available electronicallynow. You can accesspsychology databases or electronic journals and articles through the library‟s computers,and if you want to search by title with the word …dream‟ for example, just type it in and all the articles with “dream” in the title will come up onthe screen.StudentCool, that‟s great! Too bad I cannotdo this from home.Librarian（5）But you can. All of the library‟s databasesand electronic sources can be accessed through any computer connected to theuniversity network.StudentReall y?!I can‟t believe I didn’t know that. It still sounds like it‟s goingto take a while though, you know, going through allof that information, all of those sources.LibrarianMaybe, but you already narrow your searchdown to articles on Dream Interpretation, so it shouldn‟t betoo bad. （3）And you probably notice that there‟s an abstract or summary at the top ofthefirst page of the article you copied. When you go into the databases andelectronic sources, you have the option to display the abstracts on the computer screen, skimmingthose to decide whether or not you want to read thewhole article should cut down some time.StudentRight, abstracts! They‟lldefinitely make the project more durable. （4）I guess Ishould try out the electronic search while I‟m stillhere then, you kno w, just in case.LibrarianSure, er… that computer‟s free over there, and I‟ll be here tillfive this afternoon.StudentThanks, I feel a lot better about this assignment now.词汇：journal n. 日报；杂志version n. 版本database n. 数据库abstract n. 摘要skim v. 浏览assignment n. 任务；作业durable adj. 耐用的；持久的题目：1Why does the student go to see the librarian？解析：注意but后面的内容，他是要找一些资料为了做a literature review，同义替换为 a class paper答案：To ask about how to look forresources for a class paper2What does the librarian say about theavailability of journals and articles？解析：细节题，定位journals and articles，原文中说可以从the library‟scomputers获得，同义替换为in an electronic format答案：Most of them are accessible inan electronic format3 What does the librarian suggest the studentshould do to save time？解析：细节题，题目中save time同义替换原文中cut down some time，原文中skimming these （summaries and abstracts）同义替换为read the summaries答案：Read the summaries of the articlesfirst4What can be inferred about why the womandecides to use the computer in the library？解析：推断题，原文中她说just in case，可推断她可能需要管理员的帮助。
托福TPO听力高频词(持续添加版)
新托福听力场景汇总之LECTURE篇1. 生物学antibody抗体toxin毒素immunity免疫immunology免疫学vaccine疫苗fungus真菌bacteria细菌fermentation发酵inflection传染/ 感染microorganism / microbe微生物virus 病毒disfection消毒sterilization灭菌biology生物学marine biology海洋生物学entomology 昆虫学ornithology鸟类学microbiology微生物学genetics遗传学speciology物种学parasitology寄生虫学paleontology古生物学paleontologist古生物学家dinosaur恐龙die out / extinction灭绝mammal哺乳动物carnivore食肉动物rodent啮齿类动物underwater 水下的marine 海洋的scuba 水下呼吸器diving潜水/ 跳水one-celled organism单细胞有机体tissue（动植物细胞的）组织protective camouflage保护色predator捕猎者oceanic snail蜗牛animal adaptation动物适应性survival of the fittest适者生存origin of species物种起源wild environment野生环境insecticide杀虫剂prenatal care 产后护理habitat栖息地tentacle触须prey捕食navigate导航tiny receptor接收器nerve / specimen物种amphibian两栖类动物decline in the number数量减少gene基因genetic基因的，遗传的endangered species濒危动物survival活着的transition转变/过渡microbe微生物yeast 酵母（菌）bacteria 细菌single-cell单细胞reptile爬行类动物hatch孵化incubation孵化nest巢offspring子孙chew up咀嚼unfertilized eggs未受精卵nutrient营养品nourishment营养品/ 食物feed喂养cannibalism同类相食respiration呼吸ingestion摄食digestion消化digestive enzyme消化酶cell细胞nucleus细胞核cytoplasm细胞质plasma lemma / cell membrane细胞膜cell wall细胞壁protein蛋白质amino acid核酸plankton浮游生物heredity遗传mutation of species物种变异chromosome染色体genetic engineering 遗传工程solitary独居social群居bio-diversity生物多样性metamorphosis变态/变形mutation变种variation变异2. 动物学zoology动物学Darwinism达尔文学说natural selection自然选择phylum门class纲order 目suborder亚目family科genus属species 种invertebrate无脊椎动物vertebrate脊椎动物aquatic life 水生动物reptile爬行动物amphibian/amphibious animal两栖动物protozoa原生动物rodent啮齿动物ruminant反刍动物parasitic animal寄生动物primate 灵长动物plankton浮游生物mollusk软体动物coelenterate腔肠动物（如水母、海蜇、珊瑚等）herbivore食草动物mammal哺乳动物homotherm恒温动物cold-blooded animal冷血动物poikilotherm变温动物scavenger食腐动物carnivorous食肉的herbivorous食草的omnivorous杂食的bird鸟类camouflage伪装hibernate冬眠；蛰伏regeneration再生predatory / carnivore食肉的predator捕食者prey捕食hordes/swarms（昆虫等）群flock （牛、羊等）群community动物的群落或人的部落population种群herd兽群hygiene卫生sanitation公共卫生；卫生设施monogamous一夫一妻的/一雌一雄的polygamous一夫多妻的/一雄多雌的polyandrous一妻多夫的/一雌多雄的nomadic游牧的；流浪的trapper诱捕动物者niche小生态环境vestige 退化器fertilizer使受精metabolism新陈代谢breed（名词）品种；（动词）繁殖multiply / reproduce繁殖spawn（鱼、虾、蛙等）孵anatomy解剖学appetite食欲creature生物scales鳞feathers羽毛armor甲spinal cord脊椎digestive system消化系统excretory system排泄系统reproductive system生殖系统circulatory system循环系统respiratory system呼吸系统hormonal system内分泌系统digestive duct消化管esophagus食管stomach胃small intestine小肠large intestine大肠anus肛门digestive gland消化腺salivary gland 唾液腺liver肝gallbladder胆pancreas胰squirrel 松鼠marten貂bat蝙蝠squeak（老鼠等）吱吱otter水獭antelope羚羊gorilla大猩猩chimpanzee黑猩猩baboon狒狒hyena鬣狗moose驼鹿beaver海狸elk麋鹿reindeer驯鹿giraffe长颈鹿rhinoceros犀牛hippo河马sloth树懒slothful懒惰的frog青蛙tadpole蝌蚪salamander蝾螈scorpion蝎子turtle龟lizard蜥蜴chameleon变色龙caymen / crocodile 鳄鱼centipede蜈蚣robin知更鸟owl猫头鹰barnacle北极鹅penguin企鹅canary金丝雀chirp（鸟、虫的叫声）vulture秃鹫crane鹤stork 鹳ptarmigan雷鸟migrate迁移plumage 羽体camouflage伪装wing翅膀bill（鸟）嘴beak（鹰等的）嘴insect昆虫wasp黄蜂hornet 大黄蜂spider蜘蛛pest害虫worm虫/蠕虫cicada蝉mantis螳螂cockroach蟑螂earthworm 蚯蚓antenna / tentacle触须larva幼虫3. 海洋生物学jellyfish水母nettlefish海蜇coral珊瑚dolphin海豚whale鲸鱼shrimp小虾prawn对虾lobster龙虾crab螃蟹mussel贻贝；蚌类clam蛤蜊oyster牡蛎sponge海绵starfish海星squid鱿鱼；乌贼burro / octopus章鱼sole鳎；鳎目鱼plaice鲽，红斑比目鱼4. 植物学botany植物学botanical / botanic植物学的horticulture园艺学aquatic plant水生植物parasite plant寄生植物root根canopy 树冠层/顶棚foliage / leaf叶leaflet小叶rosette（叶的）丛生stem茎stalk杆leafstalk叶柄shoot / sprout嫩芽/抽枝flower 花bud花蕾petal 花瓣peel / skin果皮shell（硬）果壳husk（干）果壳/（玉米）苞叶trunk树干bark 树皮branch树枝bough大或者粗的树枝twig小树枝jungle 丛林lawn草坪meadow草地/牧场prairie 大草原mosses苔藓shrub / bush灌木cluster一簇（灌木）fern蕨类植物horsetails木贼类植物club mosses 石松类植物herb 草photosynthesis 光合作用chlorophyll 叶绿素symbiosis共生symbiotic 共生的wither / shrivel / fade凋谢blossom花pollen花粉pollinate传授花粉petal花瓣nectar花蜜tissue组织organ器官system系统seeds 种子everlasting永久的crossbreed杂交root pressure根压bore腔/肠cohesion-tension凝聚压力column花柱necrosis坏死barren贫瘠的；不生育的futile 无用的carbohydrate (starch) 碳水化合物（淀粉）glucose葡萄糖starch淀粉fat脂肪protein蛋白质vitamin 维他命malnourished 营养不良的nutrition 营养perennial多年一生的annual一年一生的verdant 绿油油的，嫩绿的，翠绿的evergreen常青树conifer tree 针叶树larch落叶松pine松树spruce云杉juniper 刺柏；杜松sequoia红杉elm榆树walnut核桃树redwood 红木树plum blossom梅花orchid兰花chrysanthemum菊花water lily荷花/莲花rhododendron 杜鹃花rose 玫瑰carnation康乃馨lily 百合jasmine茉莉花helianthus / heliotrope / sunflower向日葵camellia茶花corn / maize / mealie玉米pumpkin南瓜tomato 番茄lettuce莴苣cabbage 卷心菜wheat 小麦rye 黑麦barley大麦oats燕麦5. 气象学meteorology气象meteorologist气象学家meteorological station气象站forecast / predict 预报climate气候atmosphere大气层troposphere对流层stratosphere平流层mesosphere 中间层ionosphere电离层exosphere逸散层cold front冷锋warm air mass热气团current（气）流moisture潮湿，水气spell某种天气持续一段时间vapor蒸汽evaporate蒸发damp / moist / humid潮湿humidity 湿度moisture潮湿/ 水分saturate饱和dew 露frost 霜fog / mist 雾smog 烟雾droplet 小水condense浓缩crystal水晶体sheet （水、冰、雪的）一层downpour / torrential rain大雨tempest (storm) / torrential rain暴风雨drizzle细雨shower阵雨hail冰雹blizzard / snowstorm暴风雪avalanche / snow slide 雪崩precipitation（雨、露、雪等）降水thunder 雷breeze微风sandstorm 沙暴monsoon季风gale大风whirlwind 旋风typhoon台风hurricane飓风tornado / twister / cyclone龙卷风wind scale风级tsunami / seismic sea wave海啸tidal wave潮汐；浪潮upper atmosphere上层大气funnel漏斗云disaster / calamity / catastrophe灾难devastation破坏submerge 淹没drought 旱灾convection对流wind velocity风速wind direction 风向long-range forecast长期预报numerical weather prediction数值天气预报nephanalysis云层分析；卫星云图6. 地质学crust地壳mantle 地幔core地核continental crust大陆地壳oceanic crust海洋地壳layer / stratum地层stratigraphy 地层学fault 断层fault plane断层面fault zone断层带rift / crack / split断裂disintegration / decomposition分解erosion腐蚀fossil化石igneous rock 火成岩sedimentary rock沉积岩metamorphic rock 变质岩limestone 石灰岩granite花岗岩marble大理石lithosphere岩石圈magma / molten lava岩浆quartz石英mineral矿物ore矿石deposit矿床rubble 碎石debris残骸platinum白金/铂金silver银copper黄铜aluminum铝tin锡lead 铅zinc锌nickel镍mercury汞/水银sodium 钠gem宝石diamond钻石emerald 绿宝石ruby红宝石glacier 冰川glacial冰川的glacial epoch / age / period冰川期glacial drift冰渍moraines冰碛iceberg冰山volcano 火山active volcano 活火山extinct volcano死火山dormant volcano 休眠火山(sloping) shield volcano盾状火山（平缓）(steep-sided) cone volcano锥状火山（陡峭）eruption火山喷发crater火山口caldera （开口较大的）火山口depression洼地，凹陷处；盆地lava火山岩浆volcanic dust 火山尘volcanic ash火山灰geyser间歇喷泉hot spring 温泉earthquake / quake / tremor / seism地震seismic地震的seismology地震学magnitude震级seismic intensity scale震烈度seismic wave 地震波transverse wave横波longitudinal wave纵波epicenter 震中epicentral distance震中距aftershock 余震cataclysm灾变tsunami / tidal / force海啸undersea landslide 海底山崩melt global warming 全球逐渐变暖aquifer 蓄水层swamp沼泽peat bog泥炭沼泽Great Canyon大峡谷Nile River尼罗河Colorado river 科罗拉多河crumples zones地质缓冲地带bedrock岩床bulge凸起物7. 考古学archaeology考古学paleontology古生物学anthropolog人类学archaeologist人类学家pale-anthropologist古人类学家ecological anthropologist生态人类学家psychological anthropologist心理人类学家originate起源于ancestor祖先hominid 人（科）homogeneous 同以种族（种类）的tribe 部落clan氏族excavation挖掘excavate / unearth挖掘ruins 遗迹/废墟remains遗产/遗骸artifact手工艺品relic遗物/文物antique 古物/古董antiquity古代/古老Stone Age 石器时代Bronze Age 青铜器时代Iron Age铁器时代Paleolithic旧石器时代的Mesolithic 中石器时代的Neolithic新石器时代的morphology形态学skull颅骨cranial颅骨的fossil化石ancient civilization古代文明cave man山顶洞人cultural relics文物rock painting岩画8. 地理学hemisphere 半球meridian 子午线/ 经线parallel 平行圈latitude纬线longitude经线/ 经度elevation海拔altitude高度/ 海拔horizon地平线equator赤道temperature latitudes 温带地区tropics 热带地区Arctic / the North Pole北极Antarctic / Antarctica南极the Antarctic Continent 南极洲the Antarctic Circle南极圈the Arctic Circle北极圈aurora极光tropics of Cancer 北回归线tropics of Capricorn 南回归线international date line国际日期变更线time difference 时差time zone时区topography 地形/ 地形学plain平原plateau / highland 高地lowland 低地basin 盆地oasis绿洲enclave飞地peak山峰cordillera / ranges山脉carven / cave洞穴terrain地域subterranean地底下coastland 沿海地区coastline海岸线watershed分水岭upper reaches上游lower reaches下游tributary 支流deposit沉积spring / fountain泉水iceberg 冰山riverbed河床gulf / bay海湾waterfall 瀑布cascade小瀑布；喷流reef暗礁tide湖水torrent水的急流tropical rain forest热带雨林continental island 大陆岛volcanic island 火山岛coral island珊瑚岛islet小岛peninsular 半岛archipelago群岛delta三角洲landlocked area内陆inland waterway 内陆河subcontinent 次大陆cliff山崖valley山谷hillside / mountain slope山坡continental shelf 大陆架canyon / gorge峡谷channel / strait 海峡remote-sensing遥感的terrestrial 地球的/陆地的terrestrial heat / geothermal 地热terrestrial magnetism 地磁continental drift 大陆漂移学sea-floor spreading 海床扩展evaporation蒸发salinity含盐度ocean bottom 海床sediment沉积物tropical热带的temperate 温带的frigid 寒带的frost heaving 冻胀现象tundra苔原，冻原fieldstone卵石the Mediterranean Sea地中海the primeval forest原始森林Scandinavia斯堪的纳维亚(半岛)(瑞典、挪威、丹麦、冰岛的泛称)fjord峡湾coral reef珊瑚礁Chalk白垩纪cataclysm大洪水ridge山脊；分水岭abyss 深渊territory 版图；领土地域Pyrenees比利牛斯山脉Carpathians喀尔巴阡山脉Vesuvius维苏威火山Pompeii庞贝precipice悬崖eon世；纪；代glacier冰河Pangaea盘古大陆dune 沙丘Lagoon 咸水湖9. 天文学astronomy天文学astronomical observatory天文台planetarium天文馆astrophysics 天文物理学astrology占星学pseudoscience伪科学cosmos / universe 宇宙cosmology 宇宙infinite无限的cosmic宇宙的cosmic radiation宇宙辐射cosmic rays宇宙射线celestial 天体的celestial body / heavenly body天体celestial map / sky atlas天体图celestial sphere 天球dwarf / dwarf star矮星quasar类星体constellation 星座galaxy / Milky Way银河系star cluster星团asterism星群solar system太阳系solar corona日冕solar eclipse日食solar radiation 太阳辐射planet行星planetoid / asteroid 小行星revolve旋转twinkle闪烁naked eye肉眼Mercury水星Venus金星Earth地球Mars火星Jupiter木星Saturn 土星Uranus天王星Neptune 海王星Pluto 冥王星orbit 轨道spin旋转satellite卫星lunar月球的meteor流星meteor shower流星雨star恒星meteoroid流星体meteorite陨石comet 彗星space / outer space太空，外层空间spacecraft / spaceship宇宙飞船space shuttle 航天飞机space telescope空间望远镜astronaut / spaceman 宇航员space suit 宇航服stellar 恒星的intergalactic星系间的interstellar 恒星间的interplanetary行星间的asteroid小行星nebula 星云space debris 太空垃圾ammonia氨photosphere光球；光球层chromospheres 色球；色球层日冕层sunspot太阳黑子（发生在光球层）flare耀斑（发生在色球层）solar prominence日珥（发生在色球层）convection zone对流层vacuum真空infrared ray红外线absolute magnitude绝对量级emission发射/散发high-resolution 高清晰度interferometer 干扰仪，干涉仪illusive object 幻影体faint 微弱的image影像gravitational force吸引力molten融化的leap year闰年rotation 自传revolution公转black hole 黑洞ultraviolet ray紫外线luminosity光度light year光年10. 环保相关ecology 生态学ecosystem生态系统balance of nature自然界生态平衡fauna动物群flora 植物群rain forest雨林food chain 食物链acid rain酸雨greenhouse温室效应infrared radiation红外线辐射ozone layer / ozonosphere臭氧层ultraviolet radiation紫外辐射pollution control污染控制air pollution 空气控制water pollution 水污染noxious / toxic 有毒的fumes（有毒的）废气waste 废物solid waste固体废物sewage / wastewater 污水sewage purification污水净化swage disposal污水处理decibel（噪音）分贝11. 能源相关fossil fuel矿物燃料process of photo synthesis光合作用solar energy太阳能nonrenewable 不可再生的energy conservation保护能源resource资源energy source能源资源tidal energy 潮汐能fuel-efficient节能型的rush hour高峰期zero emission零辐射wildness野生/天然preservation保护atmosphere大气carbon碳dioxide 二氧化物burning of coal and oil煤油燃烧global warming全球变暖greenhouse effect温室效应rise in sea level海平面上升long-term climatic change长期的气候变化environmental recycling center再循环利用中心litter/trash garbage垃圾pollutant污染物desertification沙漠化deforest 滥伐森林drought干旱water shortage 水源缺乏offshore spillage 近海岸溢出carbon dioxide release 二氧化碳排放industrial sewage工业污水recycling再循环purify 净化deteriorate恶化acid rain酸雨sewage disposal污水处理environment protection环境保护ozone layer臭氧层waste disposal废物处理emission（汽车废气的）排放soot烟尘El Niño 厄尔尼诺现象12. 新技术发明相关13. 人类学artist艺术家choreographer舞蹈编排家critic 批评家satirist讽刺作家inventor发明家biographer自传作家sculptor雕塑家feminist 女权主义者humanitarian人道主义者imagist 意象派诗人philanthropist 慈善家proprietor业主mortal 犯人precursor先驱figurehead 名誉领袖disciple 学徒apprentice学徒mechanic机械工minimalist简单抽象派艺术家avant-garde前卫派territory领域genre风格/体裁eccentric古怪的odd怪诞的/奇数的erratic奇怪的weird怪异的/不可思议的romantic浪漫的innocent天真的/无罪的lovelorn相思病苦的emotional情绪的/情感的sentimental感伤的/多愁善感的cheerless无精打采的/无生命力的patriarchal 家长的/族长的rigid僵化的spare简朴的clumsy笨拙的zigzag曲折的contemporary当代的acclaimed受欢迎的preeminent 杰出的versatile （人）多才多艺的/（物）多功能的household家庭的/家喻户晓的genuine真正的authentic 逼真的/原汁原味的symbolic象征性的immortal不朽的/神nostalgia怀旧主义/思乡emotive 感人的prodigious巨大的classic 经典的posthumous死后的14. 发展史文学pose散文diary日记autobiography 传记editorial 社论narrative prose叙述性descriptive prose 描写性essay随笔poetry 诗歌ballad民谣lullaby催眠曲fiction小说allegory寓言fairy tale童话legend传说proverb 谚语model人物原型leading character主人公main plot主要情节prelude序曲prologue序言epilogue 尾声literary criticism文学批评literary studies文学研究schools of literature文学流派comparative literature比较文学realism现实主义surrealism超现实主义futurism未来主义modernism现代主义aestheticism唯美主义音乐musical instrument乐器orchestra（管弦）乐队shook rattle摇拨浪鼓pound dru 击鼓foot beat跺脚note 音符score乐谱movement 乐章fanatical狂热的hillbilly music乡村音乐folk music民间音乐pop music流行音乐classical music古典音乐Jazz爵士乐symphony交响乐rock and roll摇滚乐band music / wind music管乐string弦乐violin小提琴viola中提琴cello大提琴harp 竖琴horn号；喇叭clarinet单簧管oboe双簧管keyboard instrument键盘乐器percussion震荡/打击乐器vocal music声乐concerto协奏曲sonata奏鸣曲serenade小夜曲solo独奏/独唱duet二重唱conducting指挥podium指挥台accompaniment伴奏quality音质volume音量chord和弦harmony和声rest 休止time节拍lullaby催眠曲prelude 序曲epilogue尾声政治经济subsistence存活，生活subsistence wage刚够养家糊口的工资subsistence level 收支平衡的生活水平kinship亲属关系，血缘关系commodity商品check支票；收据；账单bank loan 银行贷款interest 利息withdraw从银行账户中提款honor (a cheque/bill/draft)承兑a run on a bank挤兑the Great Depression大萧条consumerism消费主义（认为高消费对个人和社会有利的看法）；保护消费者权益主义affluence富裕，富足sophisticated世故的，老练的；复杂的，尖端的建筑architecture建筑学architect建筑学家construct结构wing 辐楼/侧楼design设计elevator 电梯skyscraper摩天大楼design element设计元素log structure原木结构cabin小木屋beam梁prototype原型building technique建筑工艺new material新材料metal-frame金属结构repair person修理工planetarium天文馆aquarium水族馆archives档案馆office building 写字楼cathedral大教堂mosque清真寺the statue of liberty自由女神像the triumphal arch凯旋门sphinx狮身人面像pyramid 金字塔castle城堡美术fine arts美术oil painting油画water color水彩画tempera 蛋彩画sketch速写/素描pastel 彩色蜡笔画poster海报/招贴画charcoal drawing木炭画mural painting / fresco壁画engraving版画lithograph石板画landscape painting风景画still life静物画portrait肖像画caricature漫画pigment颜色，色素canvas油画布brush 画笔drawing board画板perspective透视画法original 原作copy临本reproduction / replica复制品genuine真的fake假的gallery美术馆autograph真迹panorama 全景画calligraphy书法paste裱糊impressionistic style印象派风格framing装框sculpture 雕塑sculptor 雕塑家figurine小雕像bust 半身雕塑像statue塑像unique唯一的/独特的animator漫画家saxophonist 萨克斯风管吹奏者indigo靛蓝purple紫色。
托福听力tpo1-5conversation高频词汇
TPO 1 Conversation 1Topic: libraryKey vocabulary:database 数据库 Electronic source 电子来源 Reference 参考书Network 网络Narrow down 缩小范围 Abstract 摘要Journal 专业Durable 耐用的TPO 1 Conversation 2Topic: educationKey vocabulary: Approach to teaching 教学方法 Elementary school 小学 Goal 目标Observation note 观察笔记 Astronomy 天文学Planet 行星Interdisciplinary 学科间的 Planet 行星Mythology 神话Jupiter 木星Presentation 展示Literature 文学Solar system 太阳系TPO2 Conversation 2Topic :register class 选课Key vocabulary:Summer school 暑期课程Seminar 研讨班Schedule 安排Theory 理论Impressive 给人印象深刻的,了不起的 Master degree 硕士课程Thesis 论文,毕业论文Revise 修订Poetry 诗歌Public publication公开发表 Thanksgiving 感恩节Environment 环境TPO2 Conversation 1 Topic: research project Key vocabulary: Recognize 认出Journal 日志Notepad 笔记便签Evolution 演化Forgetful 健忘的 Meteorological 气象学的 Statistical 统计的Expert 专家Regional 地区的Variation 变化,变动 variability 变化性TPO3 Conversation1Topic: registrar 大学注册主任 Key vocabulary: Assignment 分配,作业 Junk mail 垃圾邮件Apartment 公寓Sign up for 注册(课程 Instructor 讲师,辅导员 Cancel 取消Enroll 招收 Inconvenient 不方便的 Practical issue 实际问题 Right away 马上Go through 开课Mailing address 邮寄地址TPO3 Conversation 2 Topic: volunteer 志愿者 Key vocabulary:Extra credit 额外学分 Incentive 激励Schedule 安排On sight 到场Training 培训 Archeology 考古学 Assume 假定Relief 放心Excavation 挖掘Item 物品Clay pottery 泥质陶器 Respond 回复Tough time 难过的时光 Senior researcher 高级研究员TPO4 Conversation 1Topic: review 书评,剧评 Key vocabulary:Review 评论Contemporary review 当代评论 Influence 影响力Critic 评论家Be torn to pieces 被撕成碎片 Controversial 有争议的 Curious 好奇的Fuss 大惊小怪On vacation 度假Online 在线Basement 地下室Impressed 印象深刻的Tape 磁带Radical 激进的,根本性的 Dramatic 戏剧的Honest 城市Video library 视频博物馆Figure out 弄清楚Traditional 传统的Logical 有逻辑的Anything but boring 一点也不无聊TPO4 Conversation 2Topic: group project 小组项目 Key vocabulary: Due 到期Share 份额Supreme Court 最高法院 Deadline 期限Contribute 贡献Negative 消极的Split up 分开Goof off 吊儿郎当Section 部分Risk 风险Go down the drain 白费 Property right 物权Freedom of speech 言论自由 Source 来源From scratch 重新开始TPO5 Conversation 1Topic: culture shock 文化冲击 Key vocabulary: Overwhelmed 压倒性的 Culture shock 文化攻击 Unfamiliar 不熟悉的 Understatement 轻描淡写 Academic 学术的Keep pace with 跟上节奏 Impersonal 不人性化的 Sociology 社会学 Distinguish 区别Pop in 跑出来Appreciate 感激 Feedback 反馈Social life 社会生活 Cello 大提琴Audition 试镜Fit in 融入Orchestra 管弦乐队TPO5 Conversation 2 Topic :course 课程 Key vocabulary:Ignore 忽视Introductory 介绍性的 Techniques 技巧 Permission 允许Drop :放弃(课程 Recommend 推荐Catch up 赶上 Prerequisite 前提基础课程。
托福听力对话类高频场景全盘介绍
托福听力对话类高频场景全盘介绍在托福的对话类听力素材中，图书馆可以算的上是一个出现频率相当高的场景了。
许多对话都是发生在图书馆当中，对话双方多为学生和图书管理员。
下面就和大家分享托福听力对话类高频场景全盘介，希望能够帮助到大家，来欣赏一下吧。
托福听力对话类高频场景全盘介绍详解图书馆里的二三事如何应对托福听力中的图书馆场景?1、熟听、熟记图书馆场景标志词，使听力差的考生虽听不懂段子的具体内容，但能确定出它是图书馆场景类型的段子。
2、反复听老题中图书馆场景的段子，掌握以下具体的方面：(1)美国学校图书馆的基本制度：如研究生和教师可以进入书库直接查阅，本科生则不能之类的规章制度等;(2)美国学校图书馆的基本部门设置和常见设施：如reference room，periodical room等重要部门;(3)考生尤其应注意美国学校图书馆在制度、机构设置方面与中国的差别，因为考生缺少对这些差别亲身体验的感性认识，从而在听清字面意思时也造成对实际内容的理解障碍，是产生失分的主要原因。
掌握以上背景知识的目的是期望对将来托福听力中图书馆场景段子的内容做到未听先知，考生对它们的掌握程度应力求达到较流利的口头表述。
托福听力中图书馆相关词汇汇总library图书馆librarian图书管理员archive 档案non-fiction 非小说类文学作品science-fiction 科幻小说copier 复印机check out 办理(借、还)手续renew 续借overdue 过期interlibrary service 馆际服务部分名称information desk n.服务台delivery/circulation desk借书台shelf 书架photocopy room复印室return area 还书处students locker 学生存储间reference section 参考书部publication 出版物periodical 期刊magazine 杂志book catalogue 图书目录classified catalogue 分类目录bibliography 参考书目title index 书目索引alphabetic index 按字母顺序排列的索引circulation desk 借书处reserved books 馆藏书(只能在图书馆内借阅) library card 借书证overdue fine 过期罚金periodical reading room 期刊阅览室online journal 在线期刊video tape 录像带back issue 过期杂志current issue 近期杂志托福听力特色词汇整理1)服装种类：名词结构类clothing 衣服总称costume 传统服装;戏服fabric(textile) 织物;织品wash-and-wear fabric 免烫织物suit 一套男(女)服tie 领带vest 背心jacket 茄克衫cloak 披风;斗篷T-shirt 短袖圆领汗衫(运动衫) pants(trousers) 裤子;长裤overalls 工装裤jeans 牛仔裤uniform 制服leisurewear 家常便服underwear (undergarment) 内衣stockings 长统袜down jacket 羽绒服sweater 毛衣gloves 手套mitten 无指手套scarf 围巾sandals 凉鞋slippers 拖鞋boots 皮靴sneakers = gym shoes 运动鞋running shoes 跑步鞋jogging shoes 慢跑鞋tailor 裁缝clothing store 服装店形容词结构类formal = spiffy 正式的casual 休闲的navy blue 海军蓝的dark blue 深蓝的solid orange 纯黄色的large 大号的medium 中号的small 小号的tight 紧的loose = baggy 宽松的2)装饰品ornament(adornment; decoration) 装饰品accessory 附件;(妇女)装饰品jewelry 珠宝necklace 项链bracelet 手镯ivory 象牙pearl 珍珠brooch 胸针;领针ring 戒指earring 耳环souvenir(reminder, token) 纪念品3)化妆品makeup(cosmetic) 化妆品perfume 香水lipstick 口红powder 粉cream 脸油;护肤霜razor 剃刀shampoo 洗发剂spray 喷剂;喷雾剂polish (指甲、鞋)油shave 刮胡子(毛发)4)面料图案wool 羊毛：毛线cotton 棉制harsh chemicals 刺激性化学物质polka dot 带圆点的striped 带条纹的plaid 带格子的solid 纯色的natural 自然的pure 纯的5)编织类knitting 编结;针织sewing 缝纫needlework 针线活stitch 一针;针脚seam 线缝托福听力词汇：替换方法(A) be just the formality ---- (B) be not essential (A) be on the way (B) ---- pass by (A)(A) be worse ---- prefer (B) to (A)(A) cast on sth. to (B) ---- (B) get sth. from (A) (A) get sth. done ---- someone do for (A)(A) is far more important ---- should (A) before (B) (A) ride with (B) ---- (B) give (A) a ride(A) send (B) to do sth. for (A) ---- (A) can use (B)s sth. later(A) tell (B) a day ahead of time what (A) need. ---- (A) request materials a day in advance.(A) will miss (B) ---- (B) wont be able to go someplace(A) wouldnt have gone to someplace ---- (B) doubt (A)d leave for someplace(course) be cut // double the tuition ---- have financial trouble (every) once in a while // (every) now and then // every so often ---- sometimes // (only) occasionally(parking) lot ---- (parking) place... and ..., too ---- several~ not ...? // Have/Will/Sure/Is ...? // What if ...? // How/What about ...? ---- suggest // recommend // should // can // may // would like // Please ...3 quarters of a block ---- not too far48 hours ---- two days65 bucks ---- too expensivea 2-ton trunks lift off my shoulders ---- She is relieved thata beach person ---- often to the beacha certain thing // put up with ---- get used toa couple of ---- a few // severala craft person and an artist ---- art and technologya few days late // out of question ---- must be in timea few days to think about ---- time to decidea good change of pace ---- as a diversiona large size ---- not fita large waist ---- gain weighta later plane ---- another flighta little forgetful ---- not remembera little the worse for wear ---- worn-outa lost cause // have ones heart on sth. ---- not be able to change ones minda lot of courage ---- very bravea lot of time // only every spare time ---- a large amount of timea million things ---- too mucha million times ---- very wellA six-month membership costs as much as 5 individual months. ---- The membership fee is lower.a small group ---- several托福听力对话类高频场景全盘介绍。
1-10学生版(TPO精听详解词汇)
2.2 精听详解-Lecture词assignment 音标[əˈsainmənt]中文解析n.(分派的)任务，(指定的)作业；分配词semester 音标[siˈmestə]中文解析n.学期词exhibit 音标[igˈzibit]中文解析vt.显示(出)；展出(览)，陈列n.展览品词fairy 音标[ˈfeəri]中文解析n.小精灵，小仙子词gallery 音标[ˈgæləri]中文解析n.画廊，美术馆；楼座，旁听席；走廊词exhibition音标[eksiˈbiʃ(ə)n]中文解析n.展览(会)词unfamiliar 音标[ʌnfəˈmiljə]中文解析 a.不熟悉的；生疏的词impressionism 音标[imˈpreʃənəbəl]中文解析 a.易受影响的词realistic 音标[riəˈlistik]中文解析词realism 音标[ˈriəlizəm]中文解析n.现(写)实主义词impressionist 音标[imˈpreʃənəbəl]中文解析 a.易受影响的词sum 音标[sʌm]中文解析n.总数，总和；金额；算术vi.共计词depict 音标[diˈpikt]中文解析vt.描绘，描述词brushstroke 音标[brʌʃɪzt'rəʊk] 中文解析n. 一笔，一画，绘画的技巧词texture 音标[ˈtekstʃə]中文解析n.质地；(材料等的)结构词canvas 音标[ˈkænvəs]中文解析n.帆布；帆布画布，(帆布)油画词rough 音标[rʌf]中文解析 a.粗糙的；艰难的ad.粗暴地vt.草拟；殴打词subject 音标[ˈsʌbdʒikt]中文解析n.主题；学科；对象；主语vt.使服从词scene 音标[si:n]中文解析n.场，镜头，节；地点；景色；舞台；吵闹词painting 音标[ˈpeintiŋ]中文解析n.(一幅)画；(绘画)艺术；(上)油漆，油漆业词outdoor 音标[ˌautˈdɔ:]中文解析 a./ ad./ n.[-s](在)户(野)外(的)词bleak 音标[bli:k]中文解析 a.凄凉的；荒凉的；寒冷刺骨的词brush 音标[brʌʃ]中文解析n.刷子;轻碰;小冲突vt.刷vi.(against)触到词pinkish 音标[piŋk]中文解析 a.粉红色的，桃红色的n.粉红色，桃红色词fence 音标[fens]中文解析n.栅栏，篱笆vt.用栅围起(隔开) vi.击剑词foreground 音标[ˈfɔ:graund]中文解析n.(图画，景物等的)前景；最突出的地位词overall 音标[ˈəuvərɔ:l]中文解析 a.全面(部)的ad.总的来说n.[ pl.]工作服词cattle 音标[ˈkætl]中文解析n.牛词posture 音标[ˈpɔstʃə]中文解析n.姿势；看法vi.摆姿势，装模作样词depict音标[diˈpikt]中文解析vt.描绘，描述词unidealized 音标中文解析词stuff 音标[stʌf]中文解析n.原料，材料，东西vt.填满；吃饱词pumpkin 音标[ˈpʌmpkin]中文解析n.南瓜，南瓜藤词photograph 音标[ˈfəutəgrɑ:f]中文解析n.照片，相片v.拍照词messed 音标[mes]中文解析n.脏乱状态；困境vt.弄糟，弄脏，搞乱词blanket 音标[ˈblæŋkit]中文解析n.毛毯，毯子词brushstrokes 音标中文解析词zigzag 音标[ˈzigzæg]中文解析n.锯齿形 a.工字形(的)词chaotic 音标[keiˈɔtik]中文解析 a.混乱的词vibrant 音标[ˈvaibrənt]中文解析 a.震动的；明亮的；充满活力的词hint 音标[hint]中文解析n.暗示；细微的迹象[ pl.]建议v.暗示词peek 音标[pi:k]中文解析vi.瞥视词accessible 音标[əkˈsesəbəl]中文解析 a.容易取得的词appreciate 音标[əˈpri:ʃieit]中文解析vt.赏识；为…表示感激;领会vi.增值词illustration 音标[ˌiləˈstreiʃən]中文解析n.说明，例证；图解，插图词convince 音标[kənˈvins]中文解析vt.使确信，使信服，说服词agency 音标[ˈeidʒənsi]中文解析n.代理行,经销处；(政府等的)专业部门词instructor 音标[inˈstrʌktə]中文解析n.教师；指导者词portrait 音标[ˈpɔ:trit]中文解析n.肖像，画像词discouraged 音标[dɪsˈkə:ɪdʒd]中文解析adj. 灰心的；沮丧的；气馁的；泄气的v. 使气馁（discourage的过去式和过去分词）；使沮丧；阻碍；劝阻3.2 综述练习-Lecture词geologic 音标[dʒiəˈlɔdʒik]中文解析adj. 地质（学）的，地质（学）上的词dating 音标[ˈdeitiŋ]中文解析n. 测定年龄[年代]v. 过时（date的现在分词）；使…显老；显示出…时代（或年龄）；鉴定…的年代词particular 音标[pəˈtikjulə]中文解析 a.特定(别)的；挑剔的；详细的n.[ pl.]详情词analysis 音标[əˈnæləsis]中文解析n.分析，分析报告词fundamental 音标[ˌfʌndəˈmentl]中文解析 a.基本(础)的n.[ pl.]基本原则(法则)词instance 音标[ˈinstəns]中文解析n.例子，实例，事例词geologist 音标[dʒɪˈɑlədʒɪst]中文解析n. 地质学家，地质学者词sandstone 音标[ˈsændstəun]中文解析n.砂岩词solidified 音标[səˈlɪdəˈfaɪd]中文解析v. （使）成为固体，（使）变硬，（使）变得坚固（solidify的过去式和过去分词）；使团结一致；充实，巩固；具体化词essentially 音标[iˈsenʃəli]中文解析ad.本质上，基本上词fairly 音标[ˈfɛəli]中文解析ad.相当，尚可，还；公平地，公正地词flatten 音标[ˈflætn]中文解析v.把…弄平；击倒词conventional 音标[kənˈvenʃənəl]中文解析 a.普通的，常规的；符合习俗的，因循守旧的词wisdom 音标[ˈwizdəm]中文解析n.明智，正确的判断；智慧，学问词refinement 音标[riˈfainmənt]中文解析n.提炼，文雅词unbelievable 音标[ʌnˈbeərəbəl]中文解析 a.不堪忍受的词revolutionary 音标[ˌrevəˈlu:ʃənəri]中文解析 a.革命的，革新的n.革命者词figure 音标[ˈfigə]中文解析n.数字；算术；轮廓vi.出现；有道理vt.计算词radioactive 音标[ˈreidiəuˈæktiv]中文解析 a.放射性的，有辐射能的词molten 音标[ˈməultən]中文解析melt的过去分词v.(使)融化；(使)消散，(使)逐渐消失词magma 音标[ˈmæɡmə]中文解析n. 岩浆词volcano 音标[vɔlˈkeinəu]中文解析n.火山词crystallize 音标[ˈkristəlaiz]中文解析v.(使)结晶，具体化词lead 音标[li:d]中文解析v.带路；领导；致使；通向n.领导；主角；铅词sample 音标[ˈsæmpl, ˈsɑ:mpəl]中文解析n.样品，样本vt.抽样(调查)；体验词granite 音标[ˈgrænit]中文解析n.花岗岩，花岗石词assumption 音标[əˈsʌmpʃən]中文解析n.假定，臆断；担任，承担词individual 音标[ˌindiˈvidʒuəl]中文解析 a.单独的，个人的；独特的n.个人(体)词continent 音标[ˈkɔntinənt]中文解析n.大陆，洲词split 音标[split]中文解析v.分裂；撕裂；分担n.裂口；分裂词conclusive 音标[kənˈklu:siv]中文解析 a.决定性的词eye-opening 音标[ˈaiˈəupəniŋ]中文解析adj. 使瞠目吃惊的，很有启发的；大开眼界词flowing 音标[ˈfləuiŋ]中文解析adj. 流动的，（轮廓等）圆滑的，下垂的v. 流（flow的现在分词）；垂；流出；（谈话、文体等）流畅词entirely 音标[inˈtaiəli]中文解析ad.完全地；彻底地词larva 音标[ˈlɑ:və]中文解析n.(昆虫的)幼虫词recently 音标[ˈri:səntli]中文解析ad.最近，新近词planet 音标[ˈplænit]中文解析n.行星词geology 音标[dʒiˈɔlədʒi]中文解析n.地质学；地质情况词evidence 音标[ˈevidəns]中文解析n.根据，证据，迹象词sampling音标[ˈsɑ:mpliŋ]中文解析n.抽样检验，抽样调查词measure 音标[ˈmeʒə]中文解析n.分量，尺寸；量具；测量v.测量；衡量词obvious 音标[ˈɔbviəs]中文解析 a.显然的，明显的词pretty 音标[ˈpriti]中文解析ad.相当，很a.漂亮的，俊俏的，标致的词efficient 音标[iˈfiʃənt]中文解析 a.效率高的，有能力的词location 音标[ləuˈkeiʃən]中文解析n.位置，场所；(电影的)外景拍摄地词range 音标[reindʒ]中文解析n.一系列；幅度vi.变动；涉及vt.排成行词increasingly 音标[inˈkri:siŋli]中文解析ad.益，越来越多地词joint 音标[dʒɔint]中文解析 a.连接的；共同的，联合的n.关节；接头词grain 音标[grein]中文解析n.谷物；谷粒，颗粒，细粒；少量，微量词recent 音标[ˈri:sənt]中文解析 a.新近的，近来的5.2 精听详解-Lecture词agriculture 音标[ˈægrikʌltʃə]中文解析n.农业，农学词concentrate 音标[ˈkɔnsəntreit]中文解析vi.全神贯注vt.集中；浓缩n.浓缩物(液)词inhabitant 音标[inˈhæbitənt]中文解析n.居民，住户词original 音标[əˈridʒənəl]中文解析 a.原来的；独创的；原版的n.原件，原作词settlement 音标[ˈsetlmənt]中文解析n.解决，协议；居留地词impressive 音标[imˈpresiv]中文解析 a.给人印象深刻的词accomplished 音标[əˈkʌmpliʃt]中文解析 a.完成了的；熟练的词brick 音标[brik]中文解析n.砖vt.(up)用砖砌，用砖堵住词wood 音标[wud]中文解析n.木材，木头，木料[ pl.]树林，林地词obsidian 音标[ɑbˈsɪdiən]中文解析n. 黑曜石词volcanic 音标[vɔlˈkænik]中文解析 a.(象)火山的；爆发的词flake 音标[fleik]中文解析n.小薄片，小碎片vi.(off，away)(成片)剥落词sharp 音标[ʃɑ:p]中文解析 a.锋利的；鲜明的；敏锐的ad.[指时刻]整词inland 音标[ˈinlənd, inˈlænd]中文解析 a.内地(陆)的ad.在内地(陆)，向内地(陆)词rectangular 音标[rekˈtæŋgjulə]中文解析 a.长方形的，矩形的词sun-dried 音标中文解析adj. （水果）晒干的词hatchway 音标[ˈhætʃit]中文解析n.短柄小斧v.扼杀词ladder 音标[ˈlædə]中文解析n.梯子；阶梯，途径词wooden 音标[ˈwudn]中文解析 a.木制的，木头的；木头似的，呆笨的词diagonal 音标[ˈdaiəgræm]中文解析n.图解，简图，图表词plaster 音标[ˈplɑ:stə]中文解析n.灰浆；石膏；膏药vt.在…上抹灰泥词couple 音标[ˈkʌpəl]中文解析n.一对；一些；夫妻，情侣vt.连接，使成对词storage 音标[ˈstɔ:ridʒ]中文解析n.贮藏，保管；存储词hearth 音标[hɑ:θ]中文解析n.炉床，壁炉边词flake 音标[fleik]中文解析n.小薄片，小碎片vi.(off，away)(成片)剥落词chimney 音标[ˈtʃimni]中文解析n.烟囱，烟道词smoky 音标[ˈsməuki]中文解析 a.冒烟的；烟雾弥漫的词lung音标[lʌŋ]中文解析n.肺词layer 音标[ˈleiə]中文解析n.层，层次词soot 音标[sut]中文解析n.黑烟灰，油烟词rib 音标[rib]中文解析n.肋骨词burial 音标[ˈberiəl]中文解析n.葬，掩埋，葬礼词site 音标[sait]中文解析n.位置，场所，地点vt.使坐落在，设置词custom 音标[ˈkʌstəm]中文解析n.习惯，风俗，惯例；[ pl.]海关，关税词packed 音标[pækt]中文解析 a.充满人的，拥挤的词tightly 音标[ˈtaitli]中文解析ad.紧，紧密地词indicate 音标[ˈindikeit]中文解析vt.标示，指示，指出；表明，示意词ancestor 音标[ˈænsəstə]中文解析n.祖宗，祖先；原型，先驱词excavation 音标[ˌekskəˈveiʃən]中文解析n.挖掘，发掘，被挖掘之地词layout 音标[ˈleiaut]中文解析n.布局，安排，设计词archeology 音标[ˌɑ:kiˈɔlədʒi]中文解析n.考古学词speculate 音标[ˈspekjuleit]中文解析vi.推测，推断；投机vt.推测，推断词artifact 音标['ɑ:rtifækts] 中文解析n. 史前古器物词clue 音标[klu:]中文解析n.线索，提示词hunting 音标[ˈhʌntiŋ]中文解析n.打猎词scene 音标[si:n]中文解析n.场，镜头，节；地点；景色；舞台；吵闹词wild 音标[waild]中文解析 a.野生的；荒凉的；狂热的；野蛮的词raise 音标[rez, reiz]中文解析vt./ n.举起；增加；筹集；引起；养育词cereal音标[ˈsiəriəl]中文解析n.加工而成的谷类食物；谷类植物，谷物词magical 音标[ˈmædʒikəl]中文解析 a.有魔术的，神奇的6.2 综述练习-Lecture词behavioral 音标[biˈheivjər(ə)l] 中文解析adj. 动作的词behaviorally 音标[biˈheivjər(ə)lli] 中文解析adv. 动作地词behavior音标[biˈheiviə]中文解析n.行为，举止，表现；运转情况，反应词adaptable 音标[əˈdæptəbəl]中文解析 a.有适应力的词species 音标[ˈspi:ʃi:z]中文解析n.种，类词rodent 音标[ˈrəudənt]中文解析n.啮齿类动物(如鼠等)词marmot 音标[məˈru:n]中文解析v.使(人)处于孤独无助之境词squirrel 音标[ˈskwirəl]中文解析n.松鼠词average 音标[ˈævəridʒ]中文解析 a.平均的；平常的n.平均数v.平均词habitat 音标[ˈhæbitæt]中文解析n.(动物的)栖息地，住处词variety 音标[vəˈraiəti]中文解析n.品种，种类；变化，多样化词portion 音标[ˈpɔ:ʃən]中文解析n.一部分，一份vt.分配，把…分给词hibernating 音标[ˌhaibəˈneiʃən]中文解析n.冬眠词hibernate 音标[ˈhaibəneit]中文解析v.冬眠，蛰伏词throughout 音标[θru(:)ˈaut]中文解析prep.遍及；贯穿ad.到处；自始至终词temperate 音标[ˈtempərit]中文解析 a.温和的，温带的；自我克制的，不过分的词mate 音标[meit]中文解析n.伙伴，同事；配偶；大副v.(使)交配词available 音标[əˈveiləbəl]中文解析 a.现成可使用的，可利用的；可得到的词availability 音标[əˈveləˈbɪlətɪ] 中文解析n. 有效；有益；可利用性；可得到的东西（或人）词frost 音标[frɔst]中文解析n.霜冻，严寒天气；霜，白霜v.结霜(于)词vegetative 音标[ˈvɛdʒɪˈtetɪv] 中文解析adj. 有关植物生长的；植物的；有生长力的；生活呆板单调词herb 音标[hə:b]中文解析n.药草，(调味用的)香草，草本植物词territorial 音标[ˌteriˈtɔ:riəl]中文解析 a.领土的，领地的词loners 音标[ˈləʊnəz]中文解析n. 喜孤独者，不合群者（loner的名词复数）词ritual 音标[ˈritʃuəl]中文解析n.(宗教等的)仪式；例行公事a.例行的词impersonal 音标[imˈpə:sənəl]中文解析 a.不受个人感情影响的词hibernation 音标[ˌhaibəˈneiʃən]中文解析n.冬眠词offspring 音标[ˈɔfˌspriŋ]中文解析n.子女，子孙，后代；(动物的)崽词edible 音标[ˈedəbl]中文解析 a.可以吃的，可食用的词survivor音标[səˈvaivə]中文解析n.未死的人；残存者词environment 音标[inˈvaiərənmənt]中文解析n.境，周围状况，自然环境词ceremony 音标[ˈseriməni]中文解析n.典礼，仪式；礼节，礼仪词aggressive 音标[əˈgresiv]中文解析 a.侵犯(略)的,挑衅的；敢做敢为的词bizarre 音标[biˈzɑ:]中文解析 a.奇形怪状的，怪诞的词meadow 音标[ˈmedəu]中文解析n.草地词harsher 音标[hɑ:ʃə]中文解析adj. 刺耳的（harsh的比较级）；粗糙的；严厉的；残酷的词nurture 音标[ˈnə:tʃə]中文解析vt.／n.养育，培育，滋养词survival 音标[səˈvaivəl]中文解析n.幸存，继续生存；幸存者，残存物词survive 音标[səˈvaiv]中文解析vi.幸存，继续存在vt.幸免于；挺过来词roughly 音标[ˈrʌfli]中文解析ad.粗糙地；毛糙地词inhabit 音标[inˈhæbit]中文解析vt.居住于，(动物)栖居于词male 音标[meil]中文解析 a.男(性)的，雄的n.男子，雄性动(植)物词female 音标[ˈfi:meil]中文解析 a.雌的，女(性)的n.雌性动物；女子词cooperation 音标[kəuˌɔpəˈreiʃən]中文解析n.合作；协作词rely 音标[riˈlai]中文解析vi.(on)依靠，依赖；信赖，指望词cover 音标[ˈkʌvə]中文解析vt.(掩)盖；占；包括；报道n.盖子，封面词harshly音标[ˈhɑ:ʃli]中文解析ad.粗糙地，冷酷地词physically 音标[ˈfizikəli]中文解析ad.按照自然规律词growing 音标[ˈɡroɪŋ]中文解析adj. 生长的；成长中的；增长的；初期的困难（或问题等）v. 种植（grow的现在分词）；扩大；扩展；增加词contrast 音标[ˈkɑntræst]中文解析n. 对比，对照；差异；对照物，对立面；[摄]反差vi. 对比；形成对照vt. 使对照，使对比；和……形成对照8.2 精听详解-Lecture词habitat 音标[ˈhæbitæt]中文解析n.(动物的)栖息地，住处词species 音标[ˈspi:ʃi:z]中文解析n.种，类词migrate 音标[maiˈgreit]中文解析vi.(候鸟等)迁徙；移居(国外)，迁移词impact 音标[ˈimpækt]中文解析n.／v.影响，作用；冲击，碰撞词humming 音标[ˈhʌmiŋ]中文解析v. 发出嗡嗡声，哼唱（hum的现在分词）；忙碌，活跃词amazingly 音标[əˈmeiziŋli]中文解析ad.惊人地；惊奇地词hemisphere音标[ˈhemisfiə]中文解析n.地球的半球；大脑半球词wing 音标[wiŋ]中文解析n.翼，翅膀词opposite 音标[ˈɔpəzit]中文解析prep./ ad.在对面a.对面的n.对立面词pollinate 音标[ˈpɑləˈnet]中文解析vt. 给…传授花粉词spread 音标[spred]中文解析v.展开；散布；涂n.传播；幅度，范围词raising 音标[ˈreiziŋ]中文解析n. 举；提高；高岗；高地v. 引起（raise的现在分词）；提高（价格等）；提起；唤起词nesting 音标[ˈnestiŋ]中文解析n. 嵌套v. 筑巢（nest的现在分词）词threat 音标[θret]中文解析n.威胁，恐吓；凶兆，征兆词preserve 音标[priˈzə:v]中文解析vt.保护，维持；保存，保藏；腌制词concrete 音标[ˈkɔŋkri:t]中文解析 a.实在的，具体的n.混凝土词replanting 音标[ˈri:ˈplɑ:ntɪŋ] 中文解析v. 再植（replant的现在分词）；改种；移（民）；使复位词ecological 音标[ˌekəˈlɔdʒikəl]中文解析 a.生态的，生态学的词tourism 音标[ˈtuərizəm]中文解析n.旅游事业词eco-tourists 音标中文解析生态旅游者词profit 音标[ˈprɔfit]中文解析n.利润，益处vt.有益于，有利于vi.得益词financial 音标[fəˈnænʃəl]中文解析 a.财政的，金融的词reward 音标[riˈwɔ:d]中文解析n.报答，奖赏；报酬vt.报答，奖励词breeding 音标[ˈbri:diŋ]中文解析n.饲养，教养词migration 音标[maiˈgreiʃən]中文解析n.迁移；移居词route 音标[ru:t]中文解析n.路线，路程词decline 音标[diˈklain]中文解析n.下降vi.下降；衰退；谢绝vt.谢绝词band 音标[bænd]中文解析n.管乐队；群；带；条纹；波段vt.用带绑扎词lifetime 音标[ˈlaiftaim]中文解析n.一生，终身词weight 音标[weit]中文解析n.重量；砝码，秤砣；负担vt.加重量于词database 音标[ˈdeitəbeis]中文解析n.数据库词lightweight 音标['laitweit]中文解析adj.平均重量以下的（人或物）；不重要的，无足轻重的（人）词label音标[ˈleibəl]中文解析n.标签(记)；称号vt.贴标签于；把…称为词track 音标[træk]中文解析n.小路；跑道；轨道；车辙，踪迹vt.跟踪词recapture 音标[ri:ˈkæptʃə]中文解析v./ n.收复；再经历，再体验词span 音标[spæn]中文解析n.一段时间；跨度vt.持续，贯穿；跨越词destination 音标[ˌdestiˈneiʃən]中文解析n.目的地，终点；目标，目的词biologist 音标中文解析生物学家词complexity音标[kəmˈpleksiti]中文解析n.复杂，复杂性词band音标[bænd]中文解析n.管乐队；群；带；条纹；波段vt.用带绑扎词bandage 音标[ˈbændidʒ]中文解析n.绷带vt.用绷带绑扎词housing 音标[ˈhauziŋ]中文解析n.房屋，住宅；住房建筑；外壳，外罩词pose 音标[pəuz]中文解析vt.造成；陈述vi.摆姿势；装腔作势n.姿势词cease 音标[si:s]中文解析v.／n.停止，终止词per 音标[pə(:)]中文解析prep.每，每一词breed 音标[ˈbri:diŋ]中文解析n.饲养，教养词insect 音标[ˈinsekt]中文解析n.昆虫，虫词saying 音标[ˈseiŋ, ˈsei-iŋ]中文解析n.言语；言论；格言词pollute 音标[pəˈlu:t]中文解析vt.弄脏，污染；腐蚀词pollutant音标[pəˈlu:tənt]中文解析n.污染物质，散布污染物质者9.2 综述练习-Lecture词categorize音标[ˈkætigəraiz]中文解析vt.分类词standard 音标[ˈstændəd]中文解析n.标准，规格a.标准的词mixture 音标[ˈmikstʃə]中文解析n.混合；混合物词context 音标[ˈkɔntekst]中文解析n.背景，环境；上下文，语境词neat 音标[ni:t]中文解析 a.(爱)整洁的；利索的，简洁的；纯的词hybrid 音标[ˈhaibrid]中文解析n.杂交生物体，杂交植(动)物；混合(成)物词fuse音标[fju:z]中文解析n.保险丝；导火线v.熔合；(使)中断工作词confuse音标[kənˈfju:z]中文解析vt.使困惑，把…弄糊涂；混淆；混乱，搞乱词confusion 音标[kənˈfju:ʒən]中文解析n.困惑，糊涂；混淆；混乱，骚乱词fiction 音标[ˈfikʃən]中文解析n.小说词fictitious音标[fikˈtiʃəs]中文解析 a.虚构的词pioneer 音标[ˌpaiəˈniə]中文解析n.先驱者，创始人；开拓者vt.开拓(创)词underwater 音标[ˌʌndəˈwɔ:tə]中文解析 a.在水中生长的词aquatic 音标[əˈkwætik]中文解析 a.水的词display音标[disˈplei]中文解析n.／vt.陈列，展览；显示，表现词characteristic 音标[ˌkæriktəˈristik]中文解析 a.特有的，典型的n.特性，特征词clip 音标[klip]中文解析n.夹子，别针；弹夹；片断vt.夹住；修剪词mollusk 音标[ˈmɔləsk]中文解析n.软体动物词narration 音标[nəˈreiʃən]中文解析n.叙述词portray 音标[pɔ:ˈtrei]中文解析vt.描写，描绘；扮演，饰演词film音标[film]中文解析n.电影；胶片(卷)；薄膜vt.拍摄(电影)词notion 音标[ˈnəuʃən]中文解析n.概念，观念；意图，想法，(怪)念头。
【托福听力备考】TPO听力高频词汇——图书馆对话场景词汇汇总
【托福听力备考】TPO听力高频词汇——图书馆对话场景词汇汇总在托福听力备考的过程中，TPO材料往往是大家的首选。
而想要完全利用好这些材料，最为重要的就是要从点点滴滴的词汇和句型入手进行分类和整理。
那么，在以下内容中我们就为大家带来TPO听力高频词汇系列内容，希望能为大家的备考带来帮助。
图书馆对话场景词汇：B：Student & Officer 学生对工作人员Library:图书馆librarian[lai?br??ri?n]n.图书管理员inter-library [??nt?(r)] [?laibr?ri]n. 图书馆间loan[l?un]v.n.借loan counter[l?un] [?kaunt?] n.借书处loan period [l?un] [?pi?ri?d] n.借书期限return [ri?t?:n]v.还renew [ri?nju:]v.更新，续reserve[ri?z?:v]vt.预留/n.储备photocopier[?f??t??k?p??(r)]n.影印机fine [fain]vt.罚款/n.罚金literature review [?lit?r?t??] [ri?vju:]n.文献评论electronic [i?lek?tr?nik]adj.电子版的journal [?d??:n?l]n.期刊database [?deit?beis]n.数据库published and unpublished data [?p?bli?t] [?nd] [??nˋp?bl??t][?deit?]n.数据title [?taitl]n.标题screen[skri:n]n.电脑屏幕an abstract [?n, ?n] [??bstr?kt]vt.摘要newspaper reviews [?nju:s?peip?] [ri?vju:z] n.报纸评论contemporary reviews [k?n?temp?r?ri] [ri?vju:z]n.当代评论in the basement [in] [??, ?i:] [?beism?nt]n.地下室reference guide [?ref?r?ns] [gaid]n.参考指南the reference stacks [??, ?i:] [?ref?r?ns] [st?ks]n.书库video library [?vidi?u] [?laibr?ri]n.录像图书馆student orientation [?stju:d?nt] [??:ri?n?tei??n]n.情况介绍(针对大学新生) the front desk [??, ?i:] [fr?nt] [desk]n.前台group project [gru:p] [? pr?d?ekt]n.团队项目due [dju:]adj.截止deadline [?dedlain]n.截止日期extension [ik?sten??n]n.延期申请volunteer [?v?l?n?ti?]n.志愿者campus [?k?mp?s]n 校园semester[si?mest?]n.学期(半年)[英式 term;术语]scholarship/fellowship [?sk?l??ip] [?fel?u?ip]n.奖学金选课：Preparatory Course [pri?p?r?t?ri] [k?:s]n. 预备课程：foundation course [faun?dei??n] [k?:s]n.基础课程intro/introduction course [??ntr??]/ [?intr??d?k??n] [k?:s].n.导论课程intermediate Course [?int??mi:di?t] [k?:s]n.中级课程advanced course [?d?vɑ:nst] [k?:s]n.高级课程其他：orientation[??:ri?n?tei??n]n.大学新生介绍校园生活和学习retire [ri?tai?]v. 退休graduate [?gr?djueit] vi. 毕业 n.毕业生charge[t?ɑ:d?] =fee [fi:]n.费用the rare books [??, ?i:] [re?] [buks]珍藏本书gloves[gl?vz]手套。
托福听力对话场景高频词汇
PART 1托福听力对话场景高频词汇校园设施类：dormitory 口.宿舍auditorium=lecture hall n.会堂，礼堂computer lab 计算实验室, 机房dining hall=canteen=refectory食堂；cafeteria.自助餐厅administration building 行政大楼main building 主楼wing/annex 配楼teaching building 教学楼enrollment 登记，注册opening ceremony n.开业典礼，仪式commencement ceremony毕业典礼convocation.正式会议（可指简单的毕业典礼）orientation meeting开学说明会staff n.全体职员freshman （大学）一年级学生sophomore （大学）二年级学生junior （大学）三年级学生senior （大学）四年级学生tuition, fee费用placement test开学测试excellent出色的average平均的,一般的below average低于平均水平的，差的校园人员类：university- president 大学，校长chancellor 名誉校长college 学院school 学院graduate/grad school研究生院dean 院长principal 中学校长professor 教授associate professor 副教授assistant professor 助理教授coordinator 班主任，协调人counselor辅导员advisor指导老师instructor讲师tutor个人辅导supervisor 管理人undergraduate 本科graduate 研究生custodian管理人faculty教工，系receptionist前台接待员registrar课程注册员教授lecturer = instructor 讲师teaching assistant = TA 助教research assistant = RA 助研counselor, adviser 咨询者，顾问president 大学校长teacher/faculty 教师student's advisor 学生顾问physicist 物理学家mathematician 数学家chemist化学家historian 历史学家statistician 统计学家学科类：学科major主修minor 副修science 理科,arts 文科,engineering 工科Mathematics 数学physics 物理chemistry 化学biology 生物学geography 地理学electronics 电子学computer science 计算机科学astronomy 天文学electronics engineering 电子工程学botany 植物学psychology 心理学zoology 动物学architecture 建筑学oceanography 海洋学ecology 生态学medical science 医学archaeology 考古学history 历史学linguistics 语言学pedagogies 教育学，教学法anthropology 人类学economics 经济学statistics 统计学accounting 会计学philosophy 哲学类型required> compulsory course 必修课selective/optional course 选修课elective course 选修课lecture 讲座discussion讨论会seminar高级研讨性课colloquium n.报告课tutorial 个人辅导课程workshop专题课程,讨论会级别Introductory入门级elementary, fundamental 初级Intermediate, secondary 中级Advanced 高级Prerequisite先修课程，必要前提上课：Attend class上课Miss class缺课Skip class逃课Syllabus教学大纲Required textbook要求的课本Attendance出勤Grading system 打分体系Class participation 课堂参与semester/term 学期quarter 小学期course guideline 课程纲要major 主修minor 副修exemption 免修syllabus教学大纲Professor's signa^U S e的签字（用于注册课程）Course cap 课程容量（可以招收的学生数），openings （可供注册的名额）Take 选（课）,drop 退（课）Late registration 晚注册作业类:assignment= homework = coursework = schoolwork 作业lab report 实验报告book report 读书报告project 作业presentation 发言term paper 学期论文（research paper） thesis/essay/dissertation 论文journal 学术期干刊social investigation 社会调查survey 调查questionnaire n.调查表，问卷observation n. 观察interview v./n.采访，面试collect data收集数据broad （论文等）内容宽泛narrow down （论文等）缩小范围source （写论文的）参考资料critical thinking 评判性思维lack your own ideas缺少自己的想法deadline n.最终期限extension 延期due date/time 期限outline n.大纲，提纲（roadmap）bibliography n 书目，参考书目reference 参考plagiarism n.抄袭revise v.修改rewrite v.重写final draft 完成稿speech n.演讲presentation 演讲，陈述eye contact 目光接触intonation 音调考试类:mid-term exam 期中考final exams = finals 期末考cumulative final 总结性考试take-home exam（拿回家的开卷考试，一般有限定的时间）open-book exam开卷考试subjective test主观性测试objective test客观性测试pop quiz抽查式测验blue book 答题本assessment n 估价appraisal n.评价，估价make up for 补考，resit=retake 重考grade=mark =$3区分数perfect grade 优异成绩low grade 低分high mark 高分passing grade 及格分failing grade 不及格分full marks 满分straight A's 全A be all A's and B's 全是A和B B plus B 力口A minus A 减pass the exam with flying colors 以优异成绩通过考试graduate with honors 以荣誉毕业diploma, degree, certificate 文凭，学位，证书reference letter/recommendation letter 推荐信，Certification 认证，qualification 资格， qualified 合格的Resume, CV financial aid 经济援助ScholarshipFellowship Teaching assistantship 助教奖学金Research assistantship 研究奖学金Grant助学金Loan贷款Need-based以需求为基础Merit-based以优秀为基础Student union学生会Clubs俱乐部Membership成员资格Career service图书馆类:library图书馆librarian图书管理员publication出版物periodical期刊magazine 杂志book catalogue 图书目录classified catalogue 分类目录bibliography参考书目title index书目索引alphabetic index按字母顺序排列的索引circulation desk借书处reserved books馆藏书（只能在图书馆内借阅）library card 借书证overdue fine 过期罚金periodical reading room 期刊阅览室online journal在线期刊video tape录像带back issue过期杂志current issue近期杂志archive档案non-fiction非小说类文学作品science-fiction科幻小说copier复印机check out办理（借、还）手续renew续借overdue过期interlibrary service 馆际服务部分名称information desk n.服务台delivery/circulation desk 借书台shelf 口.书架photocopy room 复印室return area 还书处students locker学生存储间reference section参考书部住宿类：宿舍：accommodation n.住处，膳宿residence hall 宿舍suite 套间studio 工作室，独立套间village村落（校内一栋一栋的房子，可以用做宿舍）lounge n.公共大厅（可以用做娱乐）home-stay在国外住在房东家里的那种roommate同屋者，室友corridor n.走廊,过道，租房lease n.租借，租约landlord房东landlady 女房东rent 租金tenant 房客patio n.阳台，sliding door n.推拉门single room 单人房twin room 双人房two-bedroom apartment house key 房锁匙床上用品：pillow n.枕头bed linen n.床上用品sheet n.被单mattress n.床垫blanket 口.毯子towel 口.手巾，毛巾quilt n.棉被electric appliance（instrument; equipment）电器heater, furnace 力口热器,炉子heating unit 暖气片air conditioner 空调设备stove 炉子microwave oven 微波炉washer / dryer 洗衣机/烘干机（laundry洗衣店）utensil器皿;用具kitchen utensil炊具oven烤箱；烤炉range煤气灶dishwasher 洗碟机washing machine 洗衣机（hot-water） heater 热水器coffeepot 咖啡壶refrigerator （freezer）冰箱vacuum cleaner 吸尘器tape player 录音机CD player CD 机Laundromat 自动洗衣店maintenance 维修，保养bookshelf书架bookcase书柜couch沙发chest柜子;橱;箱子dresser （bureau）梳妆台cabinet （电视机等）机箱;储藏柜；陈列柜cupboard （closet）碗橱storage wall 壁橱rug 小地毯carpet 地毯curtain 窗帘bathtub 浴缸fixture （房屋）固定装置furnishings室内陈设personalpossessions/property/belongings 个人财产get insurance forpossessions/property/belongs garbage/rubbish/waste n.垃圾dispose v. 处理gas meter 煤气表insect n.昆虫burglar n.夜贼leaking/leakage n.泄漏lost key 丢钥匙break in闯入PART 2托福听力学术讲座高频词汇文学pose 散文diary 日记autobiography 传记editorial 社论narrative prose 叙述性descriptive prose 描写性essay 随笔poetry 诗歌ballad 民谣lullaby 催眠曲fiction 小说allegory寓言fairy tale童话legend传说proverb谚语model人物原型leading character 主人公main plot 主要情节prelude 序曲prologue 序言epilogue 尾声literary criticism 文学批评literary studies 文学研究schools of literature 文学流派comparative literature 比较文学realism 现实主义surrealism 超现实主义futurism 未来主义modernism现代主义aestheticism唯美主义音乐musical instrument 乐器orchestra （管弦）乐队shook rattle 摇拨浪鼓pound dru 击鼓 foot beat 跺脚note 音符score 乐谱movement 乐章fanatical 狂热的hillbilly music 乡村音乐folk music 民间音乐pop music 流行音乐classical music 古典音乐Jazz 爵士乐symphony 交响乐rock and roll 摇滚乐band music / wind music 管乐string弦乐violin小提琴viola中提琴cello大提琴harp竖琴horn号；喇叭clarinet 单簧管oboe双簧管keyboard instrument键盘乐器percussion震荡/打击乐器vocal music声乐concerto协奏曲sonata奏鸣曲serenade小夜曲solo独奏/独唱duet二重唱conducting 指挥podium 指挥台accompaniment 伴奏quality 音质volume 音量chord和弦harmony和声rest休止time节拍lullaby催眠曲prelude序曲epilogue 尾声建筑architecture建筑学architect建筑学家construct结构wing辐楼/侧楼design设计elevator 电梯skyscraper 摩天大楼design element 设计元素log structure 原木结构cabin 小木屋beam 梁prototype 原型building technique 建筑工艺new material 新材料metal-frame 金属结构repair person 修理工planetarium 天文馆aquarium 水族馆archives 档案馆office building 写字楼cathedral 大教堂mosque 清真寺the statue of liberty自由女神像the triumphal arch凯旋门sphinx狮身人面像pyramid金字塔castle城堡美术fine arts 美术oil painting 油画water color 水彩画tempera 蛋彩画sketch 速写/素描pastel 彩色蜡笔画poster 海报/招贴画charcoal drawing 木炭画mural painting / fresco 壁画engraving 版画lithograph 石板画landscape painting 风景画still life 静物画portrait肖像画caricature漫画pigment颜色，色素canvas油画布brush画笔drawing board 画板perspective 透视画法original 原作copy 临本reproduction / replica 复制品genuine 真的fake 假的gallery 美术馆autograph 真迹panorama 全景画calligraphy 书法paste 裱糊impressionistic style 印象派风格framing 装框sculpture雕塑sculptor雕塑家figurine小雕像bust半身雕塑像statue塑像animator 漫画家人类学artist艺术家choreographer舞蹈编排家critic批评家satirist讽刺作家inventor发明家biographer自传作家sculptor雕塑家feminist女权主义者humanitarian人道主义者imagist意象派诗人philanthropist慈善家proprietor业主mortal犯人precursor 先驱figurehead 名誉领袖disciple 学徒apprentice 学徒mechanic 机械工minimalist 简单抽象派艺术家avant-garde前卫派territory领域genre风格/体裁eccentric古怪的odd怪诞的/奇数的erratic奇怪的weird怪异的/不可思议的romantic浪漫的innocent天真的/无罪的lovelorn相思病苦的emotional情绪的/情感的sentimental 感伤的/多愁善感的cheerless无精打采的/无生命力的patriarchal 家长的/族长的rigid僵化的spare简朴的clumsy笨拙的zigzag曲折的contemporary 当代的acclaimed受欢迎的preeminent杰出的versatile （人）多才多艺的/ （物）多功能的household家庭的/家喻户晓的genuine真正的authentic逼真的/原汁原味的symbolic象征性的immortal不朽的/神nostalgia怀旧主义/思乡emotive感人的prodigious 巨大的classic 经典的posthumous心理学infant婴儿kid儿童teenager十三至十九岁的人young people年轻人adult 成年人old people/the aged/elderly people /senior citizens 老年人mature 成熟的majority多数人minority少数人conformity从众，一致individual个体，个人self-reliance 依靠自己,自立behaviour 行为，举止behaviorism 行为主义psychoanalysis.精神分析egocentric自我中心的;利己主义的mental心理的founder创始人Archimedes.阿基米德Plato柏拉图mental process思维过程thought 思想,想法cognition 认识cognitive capacity 认知能力motor 运动motivation动机;积极性;推动intention意图,目的intuitive直觉的hypotheses 假定，假说conscience道德心，良心virtuous善良的;有道德的curiosity好奇心patriarchal家长的/族长的internal内部的external外部的;表面的optimism乐观;乐观主义generous慷慨的，大方identity身份;同一性fame名声，名望spiritual心灵的soul灵魂;心灵physical身体的，物质的,物理的habit习惯muscle肌肉sign language手语，符号语音throat喉咙，嗓子larynx =voice box 喉头subjective 主观的objective 客观的positive/negative electrode正/负电极maze迷宫questionnaire问卷subject受实验对象obsession困扰deaf聋的blind 盲abnormal反常的distracted心烦意乱的amnesia健忘症，记忆缺失动物学zoology 动物学Darwinism 达尔文学说natural selection 自然选择phylum 门class 纲order 目suborder 亚目family 科genus 属species 种invertebrate 无脊椎动物vertebrate 脊椎动物aquatic life 水生动物reptile 爬行动物amphibian/amphibious animal两栖动物protozoa原生动物rodent啮齿动物ruminant 反刍动物parasitic animal寄生动物primate灵长动物plankton浮游生物mollusk软体动物coelenterate 腔肠动物（如水母、海蜇、珊瑚等）herbivore食草动物mammal哺乳动物homotherm 恒温动物cold-blooded animal冷血动物poikilotherm 变温动物scavenger食腐动物carnivorous 食肉的herbivorous 食草的omnivorous 杂食的bird 鸟类camouflage 伪装hibernate 冬眠；蛰伏regeneration 再生predatory / carnivore 食肉的predator 捕食者prey捕食hordes/swarms （昆虫等）群flock （牛、羊等）群community动物的群落或人的部落population种群herd 兽群hygiene卫生sanitation公共卫生；卫生设施monogamous 一夫一妻的/一雌一雄的polygamous 一夫多妻的/一雄多雌的polyandrous 一妻多夫的/一雌多雄的nomadic游牧的；流浪的trapper诱捕动物者niche小生态环境vestige退化器fertilizer使受精metabolism新陈代谢breed（名词）品种；（动词）繁殖multiply / reproduce繁殖spawn （鱼、虾、蛙等）孵anatomy 解剖学appetite 食欲creature 生物scales 鳞feathers 羽毛armor 甲spinal cord 脊椎digestive system 消化系统excretory system 排泄系统reproductive system 生殖系统circulatory system 循环系统respiratory system 呼吸系统hormonal system 内分泌系统digestive duct 消化管esophagus 食管stomach 胃small intestine 小肠large intestine 大肠anus 肛门digestive gland 消化腺salivary gland 唾液腺liver 肝gallbladder 胆pancreas 胰squirrel 松鼠marten 貂bat 蝙蝠squeak （老鼠等）吱吱otter水獭antelope羚羊gorilla大猩猩chimpanzee黑猩猩baboon狒狒hyena鬣狗moose 驼鹿beaver 海狸elk 麋鹿reindeer 驯鹿giraffe 长颈鹿rhinoceros 犀牛hippo 河马sloth树懒slothful懒惰的frog青蛙tadpole蝌蚪salamander蝾螈scorpion 蝎子turtle 龟lizard 蜥蜴chameleon 变色龙caymen / crocodile 鳄鱼centipede 蜈蚣robin知更鸟owl猫头鹰barnacle北极鹅penguin企鹅canary金丝雀chirp （鸟、虫的叫声）vulture 秃鹫crane 鹤stork 鹳ptarmigan 雷鸟migrate 迁移plumage 羽体camouflage伪装wing翅膀bill （鸟）嘴beak （鹰等的）嘴insect昆虫wasp 黄蜂hornet大黄蜂spider蜘蛛pest害虫worm虫/蠕虫cicada蝉mantis螳螂cockroach 蟑螂earthworm 蚯蚓antenna / tentacle 触须larva幼虫jellyfish 水母nettle fish海蜇coral珊瑚dolphin海豚whale鲸鱼shrimp小虾prawn对虾lobster龙虾crab螃蟹mussel贻贝；蚌类clam蛤蜊oyster牡蛎sponge海绵starfish海星squid 鱿鱼；乌贼burro / octopus章鱼sole鳎；鳎目鱼plaice鲽，红斑比目鱼植物学botany 植物学botanical / botanic 植物学的horticulture 园艺学aquatic plant 水生植物parasite plant 寄生植物root 根canopy 树冠层/顶棚foliage / leaf 叶leaflet 小叶rosette（叶的）丛生stem 茎stalk 杆leafstalk 叶柄shoot / sprout 嫩芽/抽枝flower 花bud花蕾petal花瓣peel / skin果皮shell （硬）果壳husk （干）果壳/ （玉米）苞叶trunk树干bark树皮branch树枝bough大或者粗的树枝twig小树枝jungle丛林lawn草坪meadow草地/牧场prairie大草原mosses苔藓shrub / bush灌木cluster 一簇（灌木）fern蕨类植物horsetails木贼类植物club mosses石松类植物herb草photosynthesis 光合作用chlorophyll 叶绿素symbiosis 共生symbiotic 共生的wither / shrivel / fade 凋谢blossom 花pollen 花粉pollinate 传授花粉petal 花瓣nectar 花蜜tissue 组织organ 器官system 系统seeds 种子everlasting 永久的crossbreed 杂交root pressure 根压bore 腔/肠cohesion-tension 凝聚压力column 花柱necrosis 坏死barren贫瘠的；不生育的futile无用的carbohydrate （starch）碳水化合物（淀粉）glucose 葡萄糖starch 淀粉fat 脂肪protein 蛋白质vitamin 维他命malnourished 营养不良的nutrition营养perennial多年一生的annual 一年一生的verdant绿油油的，嫩绿的，翠绿的evergreen常青树conifer tree针叶树larch 落叶松pine松树spruce云杉juniper刺柏；杜松sequoia红杉elm榆树walnut核桃树redwood红木树plum blossom 梅花orchid 兰花chrysanthemum 菊花water lily 荷花/莲花rhododendron杜鹃花rose玫瑰carnation康乃馨lily百合jasmine茉莉花helianthus / heliotrope / sunflower 向日葵camellia 茶花corn / maize / mealie 玉米pumpkin 南瓜tomato 番茄lettuce 莴苣cabbage 卷心菜wheat 小、麦rye 黑麦barley 大麦oats燕麦气象学meteorology 气象meteorologist 气象学家meteorological station 气象站forecast / predict 预报climate 气候atmosphere 大气层troposphere 对流层stratosphere 平流层mesosphere 中间层ionosphere 电离层exosphere 逸散层cold front 冷锋warm air mass热气团current（气）流moisture潮湿，水气spell某种天气持续一段时间vapor 蒸汽evaporate 蒸发damp / moist / humid 潮湿humidity 湿度moisture 潮湿/ 水分saturate 饱和dew 露frost 霜fog / mist 雾smog 烟雾droplet 小水condense 浓缩crystal 水晶体sheet （水、冰、雪的）一层downpour / torrential rain 大雨tempest（storm） / torrential rain 暴风雨drizzle 细雨shower 阵雨hail 冰雹blizzard / snowstorm 暴风雪avalanche / snow slide 雪崩precipitation （雨、露、雪等）降水thunder 雷breeze 微风sandstorm 沙暴monsoon 季风gale 大风whirlwind 旋风typhoon 台风hurricane 飓风tornado / twister / cyclone 龙卷风wind scale 风级tsunami / seismic sea wave 海啸tidal wave 潮汐；浪潮upper atmosphere 上层大气funnel 漏斗云disaster / calamity / catastrophe 灾难devastation 破坏submerge 淹没drought 旱灾convection 对流wind velocity 风速wind direction 风向long-range forecast 长期预报numerical weather prediction 数值天气预报nephanalysis 云层分析；卫星云图环境科学ecosystem生态系统balance of nature自然界生态平衡fauna动物群flora植物群rain forest 雨林food chain 食物链acid rain 酸雨greenhouse 温室效应infrared radiation红外线辐射ozone layer / ozonosphere 臭氧层ultraviolet radiation 紫外辐射pollution control 污染控制air pollution 空气控制water pollution 水污染noxious / toxic 有毒的fumes （有毒的）废气waste废物solid waste固体废物sewage / wastewater 污水sewage purification 污水净化swage disposal 污水处理decibel（噪音）分贝fossil fuel 矿物燃料process of photo synthesis 光合作用solar energy 太阳能nonrenewable 不可再生的energy conservation 保护能源resource 资源energy source 能源资源tidal energy 潮汐能fuel-efficient 节能型的rush hour 高峰期zero emission 零辐射wildness 野生/天然preservation 保护atmosphere 大气carbon 碳dioxide 二氧化物burning of coal and oil 煤油燃烧global warming 全球变暖greenhouse effect 温室效应rise in sea level 海平面上升long-term climatic change 长期的气候变化environmental recycling center 再循环利用中心litter/trash garbage 垃圾pollutant 污染物desertification 沙漠化deforest 滥伐森林drought 干旱water shortage 水源缺乏offshore spillage 近海岸溢出carbon dioxide release 二氧化碳排放industrial sewage 工业污水recycling 再循环purify 净化deteriorate 恶化acid rain 酸雨sewage disposal 污水处理environment protection 环境保护ozone layer 臭氧层waste disposal废物处理emission （汽车废气的）排放soot烟尘El Nino厄尔尼诺现象地质学crust 地壳mantle 地幔core 地核continental crust 大陆地壳oceanic crust 海洋地壳layer / stratum 地层stratigraphy 地层学fault 断层fault plane 断层面fault zone 断层带rift / crack / split 断裂disintegration / decomposition 分解erosion 腐蚀fossil 化石igneous rock 火成岩sedimentary rock 沉积岩metamorphic rock 变质岩limeston 石灰岩granite 花岗岩marble 大理石lithosphere 岩石圈magma / molten lava岩浆quartz石英mineral矿物ore矿石deposit矿床rubble 碎石debris残骸platinum 白金/铂金silver 银copper 黄铜aluminum 铝tin 锡lead 铅zinc 锌nickel 镍mercury 汞/水银sodium钠gem 宝石diamond 钻石emerald 绿宝石ruby 红宝石glacier 冰川glacial 冰川的glacial epoch / age / period 冰川期glacial drift 冰渍moraines 冰碛iceberg 冰山volcano 火山active volcano 活火山extinct volcano 死火山dormant volcano 休眠火山（sloping） shield volcano 盾状火山（平缓）（steep-sided） cone volcano 锥状火山（陡峭）eruption 火山喷发crater 火山口caldera （开口较大的）火山口depression洼地，凹陷处；盆地lava火山岩浆volcanic dust 火山尘volcanic ash 火山灰geyser 间歇喷泉hot spring 温泉earthquake / quake / tremor / seism 地震seismic 地震的seismology 地震学magnitude 震级seismic intensity scale 震烈度seismic wave 地震波transverse wave 横波longitudinal wave 纵波epicenter 震中epicentral distance 震中距aftershock 余震cataclysm 灾变tsunami / tidal / force 海啸undersea landslide 海底山崩melt global warming全球逐渐变暖叫uifer 蓄水层swamp沼泽peat bog泥炭沼泽Great Canyon 大峡谷Nile River 尼罗河Colorado river科罗拉多河crumples zones 地质缓冲地带bedrock岩床bulge凸起物地理学hemisphere 半球meridian 子午线/ 经线parallel 平行圈latitude 纬线longitude经线/经度elevation海拔altitude高度/海拔horizon地平线equator赤道temperature latitudes 温带地区tropics 热带地区Arctic / the North Pole 北极Antarctic / Antarctica 南极the Antarctic Continent 南极洲the Antarctic Circle 南极圈the Arctic Circle 北极圈aurora 极光tropics of Cancer 北回归线tropics of Capricorn 南回归线international date line 国际日期变更线time difference 时差time zone 时区topography 地形/ 地形学plain 平原plateau / highland 高地lowland 低地basin 盆地oasis 绿洲enclave 飞地peak 山峰cordillera / ranges 山脉carven / cave 洞穴terrain 地域subterranean 地底下coastland 沿海地区coastline 海岸线watershed 分水岭upper reaches 上游lower reaches 下游tributary 支流deposit 沉积spring / fountain 泉水iceberg 冰山riverbed 河床gulf / bay 海湾waterfall 瀑布cascade小瀑布；喷流reef暗礁tide湖水torrent水的急流tropical rain forest热带雨林continental island 大陆岛volcanic island 火山岛coral island 珊瑚岛islet 小岛peninsular 半岛archipelago 群岛delta 三角洲landlocked area 内陆inland waterway 内陆河subcontinent 次大陆cliff 山崖valley 山谷hillside / mountain slope 山坡continental shelf 大陆架canyon / gorge 峡谷channel / strait 海峡remote-sensing 遥感的terrestrial 地球的/陆地的terrestrial heat / geothermal 地热terrestrial magnetism 地磁continental drift 大陆漂移学sea-floor spreading 海床扩展evaporation 蒸发salinity 含盐度ocean bottom 海床sediment 沉积物tropical 热带的temperate温带的frigid寒带的frost heaving冻胀现象tundra苔原，冻原fieldstone 卵石the Mediterranean Sea 地中海the primeval forest 原始森林Scandinavia斯堪的纳维亚（半岛）（瑞典、挪威、丹麦、冰岛的泛称为。
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