准关系代词
准关系代词
准关系代词but，as，than作关系代词引导定语从句but既可指人，也可指物，常在定语从句中充当主语。
but本身含"否定"的意思，其作用相当于"that /which /who．．．not"。
它前面的主句通常有"否定"的词（如：no，not， little，few，hardly等）。
but引导的肯定定语从句和否定的主句连用，达到强烈肯定的修饰效果。
例如： There is no mother but loves her own children．（=There is no mother that/who does not love her own children．）没有不爱自己孩子的母亲。
as既可指人，也可指物，常在限制性定语从句中充当主、宾、表语。
as引导的定语从句的先行词前面常有as /such /the same等修饰词。
例如：①He is as brave a man as ever lived．他是世界上最勇敢的人。
②Don’t read such books as are not worth reading．不要读那些不值得读的书。
as作关系代词，还可用来引导非限制性定语从句，as引导的定语从句可放在句首、句中或句末。
例如：① Taiwan，as we all know，is an inseparable part of China．②As we all know，Taiwan is an inseparable part of China．③Taiwan is an inseparable part of China， as we all know． than既可指人，也可指物，可作关系代词来引导定语从句。
than前通常有表比较的词。
例如：Fewer friends than we had expected came to our evening party．来参加晚会的朋友比我们预料的还要少。
Adj 从句
Adj 从句（一）关系代词引导定语从句1.关系代词who, whom, which在所引导的定语中要作主语、宾语或be动词的补语;否则关系代词之前一定要有介词;e.g. He is a good student who studied hard.He is a boy whom everyone loves.This is the house which he lives in.She is not the cheerful girl (that )she was2.that 亦可当作关系代词, 取代who、whom或which, 但使用时有如下条件:that之前不可有介词或逗点(即仅出现在限定性定语从句中)。
I like the girl that is sitting there.在下例情况下, 只用that作关系代词,决不可用who、whom或which,:1)先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级时;先行词前有the only, the very, the same等限定意义较强的形容词时;先行词为数量不定代名词（all, no, many, some, much）或(some, every, any, no)---thing He is the best student that I have taught.The first man that came here was Peter.He is the only friend that I have.All that he said was not true.My brother fixed almost anything that needed repairing2)先行词中有疑问词who, which---避免重复Who is the man that is studying there? (不用who)What is it that he is reading? (不用which)Where is the book that you bought yesterday? (不用which )3)先行词同时有人和事物（两个名词性质不一）共用一个关系代词;Look at the boy and the dog that is coming this way.4).关系代词若作be 动词的补语, 表示某人的身份时, 要用that而不用who或which.He is not the man that he was.3. 关系代词的省略1)在限定性定语从句中, 若关系代词为及物动词的宾语, 则该关系代词可省略; 若该关系代词为介词的宾语,介词在从句句尾时,该关系代词亦可省略。
定语从句中as的用法
定语从句中as的用法定语从句中as的用法在定语从句中，as有样的作用呢?下面是店铺为大家带来的定语从句中as的用法!1. 准关系代词as引导限制定语从句，用于以下3个结构中，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语：a. so / such…asSuch people as were mentioned by him were honest. (as作主语)I’ve never seen such a clever man as he is. (as作表语)Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an (= such a difficult) examination problem as none of us worked out.b. the same…asModern statemen are often faced with the same problem as defeated the ancient Romans. (as 作宾语)I like the same book as you do. (as 作宾语)c. as…asAs many children as came were given some cakes. (as 作主语) He is as diligent a man as ever lived. (as 作主语)补充：a. such…as 与such…that的区别such…as 引导定语从句;such…that引导结果状语从句。
They talked in such simple English as children could understand.他们用孩子们能听懂的简单的交谈。
They talked in such simple English that children could understand it.他们用十分简单的英语交谈，连孩子们都能听懂。
定语从句句式
定语从句句式定语从句定义：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句；被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
种类：关系代词：who、whom、whose、which、that关系副词：where、when、why准关系代词：as、but、than复合关系代词：what、whatever、whoever、whichever一、关系代词引导的定语从句（1）由who引导的定语从句：1.关系代词who用作主语，指人或动物；2.who；不能用作表语；（2）由who引导的定语从句：1.关系代词whom用作宾语，指人；2.whom不能用作表语；（3）由whose引导的定语从句：1.关系代词whose作定语，既可指人也可指物。
2.whose用于引导定语从句时，有“whose=of which”（4）由which引导的定语从句：1.关系代词做主语、谓语动词或介词的宾语，指物或动物；2.常用关系代词which作表语，既可指人也可指物，“人”要具有某种特性；3.which既能引导限制性定语从句，也能引导非限定性定语从句；（5）由of which/whom引导的定语从句：1.名词、不定代词、数量词+of which/whom2. of which/whom从句中作主语有两种形式：数词、名词+of which/whom 或of which/whom+数词、名词3.“名词+of which”做主语时常用“whose+名词”取代；4.of which所修饰的名词前应加上定冠词；（6）由介词+which+抽象名词引导的定语从句：1.在非限制性定语从句中，以“介词+which+抽象名词”结构补充说明，which作定语；2.the way后接定语有三种形式：不加；加that；加in which；（7）由that引导的定语从句：1.关系代词that在从句中作主语或宾语，不作介词宾语，既指人也指物；2.先行词是不定代词时，必须用that引导定语从句；3.先行词被不定代词修饰时，必须用that引导定语从句；4.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，必须用that引导定语从句；5. 先行词既有人又有物时，必须用that引导定语从句；6. 先行词被the only、the same、the last修饰时，必须用that 引导定语从句；7.以who、which引起的问句中，为避免重复，常用that引导定语从句；8.用作关系副词以修饰表示时间的名词时，常用that代替when 引导定语从句；9.构成非限制性定语从句时，不用that；10关系代词前有介词且指物时，不用that；11.先行词本身是that时，不用that；12.关系代词之后有插入成分时，不用that；二、关系副词引导的定语从句（1）由when的定语从句：1.关系副词when是兼有连词作用的副词，常用于表示时间；2.先行词为表示时间的名词；3在口语中，先行词为表示时间的名词时，可以省略when；4先行词在从句中起副词作用作时间状语时，用when引导定语从句；先行词在从句中起代词作用作宾语时，用which/that引导定语从5.在this/that/it’s后可省略先行词the time；6.现代英语口语中，the day when、the time when、the moment when可用that代替；;7.关系副词when可用恰当的“介词+which”代替；（2）由where引导的定语从句：1. 关系副词where是兼有连词作用的副词，常用于表示地点；2.先行词为表地点或有地点含义的抽象名词；3.在口语中，先行词是place、room等词时，可以省略where；4.先行词在从句中起副词作用作地点状语时，用where引导定语从句；先行词在从句中起代词作用作宾语时，用that/which引导定语从句；5. 在this/that/it’s后可省略先行词the place；6. 现代英语口语中，the place where可用the place that代替；7. 关系副词where可用恰当的“介词+which”代替；（3）由why引导的定语从句：1. 关系副词why兼有连词作用的副词，常用于表示原因；2.先行词只有reason；3.在口语中，可以省略why；4.先行词reason在从句中起副词作用表原因时，用why引导定语从句；先行词reason在从句中起代词作用作宾语时，用that/which引导定语从句；5.在this/that/it’s后可省略先行词the reason；6.现代英语口语中，the reason why可用the reason that代替；7. 关系副词why可用恰当的“介词+which”代替；（4）由介词+where/when引导的定语从句：1.from where引导的定语从句中，where代表主句提供的地点；2.since/by when引导的定语从句中，when代表主句提供的时间三、准关系代词引导的定语从句（1）由准关系代词as引导的限制性定语从句：1.as既可作引导状语从句的连词，也可作引导定语从句的关系代词；2.在such…as引导的定语从句中，as在从句中作主语或表语；3.在the same…as引导的定语从句中，as在从句中作主语或宾语；4.在as…as引导的定语从句中，as在从句中作主语；5.区别：such…as引导定语从句，such…that引导结果状语从句；6.区别：the same…as指两物相似，the same…that描述的是同一物；（2）由准关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句：1.as代表主句或主句一部分的意思，不能指代某个名词或代词；2.在as引导的非限制性定语从句中，as可以放在主句的任意位置，在从句中作主语或宾语；3.主句表否定，as引导的定语从句位于主句之后时，as指代的主句不表否定，可用but代替；4.主句表否定，as引导的定语从句位于主句之前时，as指代的主句仍表否定意义；5非限制性定语从句中，which引导的从句不能放在主句前，as 引导的从句可放在主句前后.；6.非限制性定语从句中，as/which用作关系代词时都可指代一个句子，但as有“就像”之意；7.非限制性定语从句中，当从句的谓语动词时be动词或连系动词时，as/which都可作主语；8.非限制性定语从句中，当从句的谓语动词是行为动词时，只能用which作主语；9.非限制性定语从句中，as可作连词引导状语从句，构成“as+过去分词”形式，表定语义；（3）由准关系代词but引导的定语从句：1.but本身含有否定义，相当于who/which/that…not；2.but的先行词往往是有否定义的代词或名词词组，通过双重否定表强烈肯定；3.but用于定语从句中作主语，此时谓语动词的数要与先行词一致，时态要与主句一致；4.but用于引导状语从句时，有“but=that...not”（4）由准关系代词than引导的定语从句：1.than引导的定语从句中，谓语动词的数和时态必须与被比较级修饰的先行词一致；2.than引导的状语从句中，用作连词的than可兼作关系代词在主句中作主语，than指代主句；3.than引导的状语从句中，构成“than+过去分词”结构，than 后省略了形式主语it、动词be；四、复合关系代词引导的定语从句（1）复合关系代词what引导的定语从句：1.定语从句中，what是由先行词和关系代词组成的复合词，是兼作先行词的关系代词；2.what用于指人时，what=the person that；what用于指物时，what=the thing(s) which；3.what在定语从句中起名词作用时，可作主语、宾语、表语；4.what在定语从句中起形容词作用时，修饰名词，意为“仅有的”；5.what在定语从句中起形容词作用时，常与few、little连用，意为“尽管不多，但已全部”；6.what引导的名词性从句中，无疑问义，可作从句的主语、宾语、介宾、宾补；7.what用于表比喻义的特殊结构：A is to B what C is to D；8.what组成的常用短语：What if…? 如果…怎么样？What of it？那又怎么样？（2）复合关系代词whoever，whomever，whichever，whatever引导的定语从句：1.whoever、whomever、whichever、whatever具有名词功能，引导名词性从句；2.whoever、whomever、whichever、whatever指代未知的人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语；3.whichever、whatever在名词性从句中兼起形容词作用，修饰从句中名词，意为“仅有的”；4. whoever、whichever、whatever在名词性从句中兼起副词作用，引导让步状语从句；五、关系代词的省略1.当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时往往省略；2.当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，用that且往往省略；3.当先行词为不定代词时，往往不用关系代词；4.当定语从句为there be句型时，往往不用关系代词；5.当主句为there be句型时，实际主语后若带有定语从句，作主语的关系代词有时省略；六、插入语（1）分句用作插入语：I believe、I find、I hear、I imagine、I remember、I think、I sup pose…（2）状语分句作插入语：1.可作插入语的状语分句有：as far as I know、as I told you before、if you like…2.省略形式的状语分句作插入语：if ever、if possible、if any…（3）what构成的惯用插入语：1.“what+be+比较级形容词”结构，意为“而且，尤有甚者“；2.“what we call，what is called”，意为“所谓的”；3.“what+…”的类似结构：what we consider、what you refer to as、what is referred to as…例句：This is the man who helped me.（who在从句中作主语）The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.（whom 在从句中作宾语）Do you see the house whose windows are all broken?（whose在从句中作定语）The building which stands near the river is our school.（which在从句中作主语）This is the book (which) you want.（which在从句中作谓语动词的宾语）The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.（which 在从句中作介宾）The war killed 1000 people, most of which were very young.（“不定代词+of which”的形式）The committee consists of 20 members, five of whom are women.（“数量词+of whom”的形式）Do you see the house the windows of which are all broken?（“名词+of which”作主语结构之一）Do you see the house of which the windows are all broken? （“名词+of which”作主语结构之二）It rained all night, during which time the ship broke in pieces.（“介词+which+抽象名词”结构）That’s the way (/) he spoke.(the way后接定语的形式之一)That’s the way that he did it. (the way后接定语的形式之二) That’s the way in which you answered the question. (the way后接定语的形式之三)。
语法要点解析定语从句的关系代词
语法要点解析定语从句的关系代词定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要部分，常用来修饰名词或代词。
在定语从句中，关系代词起到了连接作用，同时代替了先行词在从句中的作用。
本文将解析定语从句中的关系代词，并重点讨论其用法和注意事项。
一、关系代词的种类英语中常用的关系代词有：which, that, who, whom, whose和as。
1. which和that：用于修饰事物，可以指代整个主句中的名词或代词，用来区分或限定先行词。
例句：- The book which/that I bought yesterday is very interesting.- This is the car which/that I want to buy.2. who和that：用于修饰人，可以指代整个主句中的名词或代词，用来区分或限定先行词。
例句：- The girl who/that is standing over there is my sister.- This is the man who/that I met yesterday.3. whom和that：同样用于修饰人，但多用于定语从句中作宾语，也可以指代整个主句中的名词或代词。
例句：- The woman whom/that I saw in the park is a famous actress.- This is the teacher whom/that I respect a lot.4. whose：用于修饰人或事物，用来表示所属关系。
例句：- The boy whose dog is lost is very sad.- This is the company whose products are of high quality.5. as：用于修饰前面的整个主句，表示某种身份或特征。
例句：- As a student, it is important to study hard.二、关系代词的用法和注意事项1. 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句：关系代词在定语从句中的作用分为限定性和非限定性两种。
定语从句中的关系代词与关系副词
定语从句中的关系代词与关系副词在英语语法中，定语从句是一种用来修饰名词或代词的从句。
在定语从句中，关系代词和关系副词在起连接词的作用，并且在句中充当句子成分。
本文将详细介绍定语从句中的关系代词与关系副词。
一、关系代词关系代词有三个常用的形式，分别是"who"、"which"和"that"。
这些关系代词在定语从句中引导从句，并代替先行词，起到连接从句与主句的作用。
1. "who"用于修饰人，在定语从句中代替先行词，可以作为主语或宾语。
例如：- The man who is standing over there is my brother.（站在那边的那个人是我哥哥）- The girl who we met yesterday is my classmate.（我们昨天遇见的那个女孩是我的同学）2. "which"用于修饰物，在定语从句中代替先行词，同样可以作为主语或宾语。
例如：- The book which is on the table is mine.（桌子上的那本书是我的）- The car which I bought last week is very expensive.（我上周买的那辆车很贵）3. "that"可以用于修饰人或物，在定语从句中代替先行词，同样可以作为主语或宾语。
与"who"和"which"不同的是，"that"使用相对较多，可以用来代替人或物。
例如：- The dog that is barking is very cute.（正在叫的那只狗非常可爱）- The movie that I watched last night was very interesting.（我昨晚看的那部电影很有趣）二、关系副词关系副词有两个常用的形式，分别是"when"和"where"。
定语从句中的关系代词与关系副词用法
定语从句中的关系代词与关系副词用法关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中起到引导作用，帮助连接主句和从句。
正确使用关系代词和关系副词是在写作和口语表达中必不可少的一部分。
本文将介绍定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的用法，并提供一些例子来帮助读者更好地理解。
一、关系代词的用法1. who/whom关系代词 "who" 和 "whom" 用来代替指人的先行词。
"who" 用于主语或谓语动词是 "be" 的从句中，"whom" 用于宾语或谓语动词不是 "be" 的从句中。
例句：The woman who is sitting over there is my mother.坐在那边的那个女人是我妈妈。
I met the girl whom I had seen at the party.我见过的那个女孩我在派对上见过。
2. which关系代词 "which" 用来代替指物的先行词。
"which" 可以用于主语或宾语位置。
例句：The book which is on the table is mine.桌子上的那本书是我的。
I bought a new car, which cost me a lot.我买了一辆新车，花了我很多钱。
3. whose关系代词 "whose" 表示所属关系，用来修饰人或物的先行词。
例句：The girl whose bag was stolen reported it to the police.那个被偷包的女孩向警察报案。
4. that关系代词 "that" 可以指代人或物，用法比较灵活，可以用于所有从句位置。
例句：The house that we visited yesterday is very old.我们昨天参观的那座房子非常古老。
准关系代词than的用法
ch）。也就是说可将than视为关系代词，在所引导的从句 中做主语、宾语或be动词的补语。1.做主语I have more mon
ey than
is needed.
e中的have属于相同动词，所以为了避免重复，第二个 have就改成了do，并可省略，成为下面的句子：I have more book
s than you do. 或I have more books than you.3.做be动词的 补语He is a bette
r student than
s.
ney which
宾语本例中than做needs的宾语。I have more books than you have.
名词
准关系代词 及物动词
↓
=than the books which
宾语我的书比你的多。than you have 中的have与前面的I hav
名词
准关系代词
↓
=than
the money which
主语我有的钱比需要的还多。More guests invited came. 名词
than were
准关系代词
动词
↓
=than the guests who
主语来的客人比受邀请的多。上述两例中，than前面有 名词money或guests,故than为准关系代词，在引导
复数名词 ↓
复数动
=than the books which
主语这里有超过所需要的书。如下的句子是错误的：I have more mone
定语从句的解题方法
定语从句的解题方法一、选准关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中，关系代词或关系副词都代替先行词在从句中充当一定的成分，如果该从句中缺少主语、表语、宾语或定语，就要用关系代词来连接从句;如果从句中缺少状语，就得用关系副词来连接从句。
例如：(1)I still remember the days which / that we spent together.(2)I still remember the days when we worked together.二、了解仅用that引导限制性定语从句的几种情况that在限制性定语从句中既可指人又可指事或物。
在下列情况下，只能用that来引导定语从句：1.先行词是all , much, few, little, everything, anything, nothing等不定代词时。
例如：Is there anything that you want to buy?2.先行词被all, few, little, much, every, some, no等词修饰或被the only,the very, the same, the last等限定词修饰时。
例如：These are all the pictures that I have seen.This is the very dictionary that is of great help.3.先行词既指人又指物时。
例如：My father and his teacher talked a lot about the things and the persons that they could remember.4.关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。
例如：Our school is not the one that it used to be.5.先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。
例如：This is the best English film that I have ever seen.The first English novel that I read was A Tale of Two Cities.6.主句是who或which引导的特殊问句时。
准关系代词than的用法(DEC.5)
的从句中，than之后有动词is或were,故than做主语。在第 一例中，than之前的名词Money为不可数名词，故than之 后的
动词为is；第二例中than之前的名词guests是可数名词复 数，故than之后的动词为were.There are more bo
oks than 词
are needed.
名词
准关系代词
↓
=than
the money which
主语我有的钱比需要的还多。More guests invited came. 名词
than were
准关系代词
动词
↓
=than the guests who
主语来的客人比受邀请的多。上述两例中，than前面有 名词money或guests,故than为准关系代词，在引导
复数名词 ↓
复数动
=than the books which
主语这里有超过所需要的书。如下的句子是错误的：I have more mone
y than it is needed(X)该例中，多了主语it,使than无法再做 主语，故应该将it删除。2.做宾语than做宾语
的用法，是很常见的句型，先来看个例子相信大家就明 白了。I have more money than he need
s.
名词 准ney which
宾语本例中than做needs的宾语。I have more books than you have.
名词
准关系代词 及物动词
↓
=than the books which
宾语我的书比你的多。than you have 中的have与前面的I hav
you are
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
but，as，than作关系代词引导定语从句
but既可指人，也可指物，常在定语从句中充当主语。
but本身含"否定"的意思，其作用相当于"that /which /who．．．not"。
它前面的主句通常有"否定"的词（如：no，not， little，few，hardly等）。
but引导的肯定定语从句和否定的主句连用，达到强烈肯定的修饰效果。
例如： There is no mother but loves her own children．（=There is no mother that/who does not love her own children．）没有不爱自己孩子的母亲。
as既可指人，也可指物，常在限制性定语从句中充当主、宾、表语。
as引导的定语从句的先行词前面常有as /such /the same等修饰词。
例如：①He is as brave a man as ever lived．他是世界上最勇敢的人。
②Don’t read such books as are not worth reading．不要读那些不值得读的书。
as作关系代词，还可用来引导非限制性定语从句，as引导的定语从句可放在句首、句中或句末。
例如：① Taiwan，as we all know，is an inseparable part of China．②As we all know，Taiwan is an inseparable part of China．③Taiwan is an inseparable part of China， as we all know．
than既可指人，也可指物，可作关系代词来引导定语从句。
than前通常有表比较的词。
例如：Fewer friends than we had expected came to our evening party．来参加晚会的朋友比我们预料的还要少。
一､ as作为准关系代词出现在the same ... as, such ... as, 和as ... as 等结构中｡这时, as前面通常要有名词; as后面的从句意义上不像是通常的定语从句; as需要在从句中充当一定的句子成分｡
1. the same ... as
1) as在从句中作主语
She is the same person as came here last Sunday. 她就是上星期天来这儿的那个人｡
2) as在从句中作宾语
This is the same watch as I lost while I was doing the sightseeing in Shanghai three months ago. 这块表跟我三个月前在上海观光时丢失的那块一样｡
3) as在从句中作be动词的表语
China is not the same country as it used to be. 中国已今非昔比｡
4) as在从句中作行为方式状语
You should learn to do housework in the same way as your mother does it. 你应该学会像你母亲那样做家务活｡
2. such ... as
1) as在从句中作主语
Let children read such books as tend to make them better and brighter. 让孩子看那些容易让他们变得更好更聪明的书｡
2) as在从句中作宾语
This is not such an interesting book as you just talked about. 这不是你们刚才谈到的那种有趣的书｡
3) as在从句中作be动词的表语
Such a bad man as he is will be punished. 像他这样的坏人一定会受到惩罚｡
3. as ... as
1) 第二个as在从句中作主语
He has as much money as is required. 他要多少钱就有多少钱｡
2) 第二个as在从句中作宾语
I have as many friends as you (do). 我的朋友和你的朋友一样多｡
3) 第二个as在从句中作be动词的表语
As is known to all, Taiwan is one of the Chinese provinces。
众所周知,台湾是中国的一个省｡
二､ than作为准关系词出现在more ...than, less ... than, fewer ... than 等结构中｡这时, than前面要有名词; than本身有比较意义,而且需要在从句中充当一定的句子成分｡
1. than在从句中作主语
Take it easy, I have more money than is needed. 放心,我的钱比所需要的还要多
2. than在从句中作宾语
I have more/fewer books than you (do). 我的书比你的多/少｡
3. than在从句中作be动词的表语
He is a better boy than you (are). 他是一个比你更好的男孩｡
三､ but作为准关系词本身含有否定意义,它前面的主句还有另一个否定意义｡这时but在意义上相当于“who ...not ...”或“which/that ... not ...”｡
1.定语从句中有be动词,并将其改为含but的复合句时, be动词后面不能再有not
There is no one who is not conccrned about his future. (= There is no one but is concerned about his future.) 没有人不关心自己的未来｡
2. 定语从句中有can, will, shall, must, may, should, ought to等助动词或情态动词,在将其改为含but的复合句时,这些助动词或情态动词后面不能再有not
There is nothing that she can’t do. (= There is nothing but she can do.) 没有她做不到的事｡
3. 定语从句中有助动词do, does, did, 在将其改为含but的复合句时,应去掉do, does, did, 还原其后动词的时态及人称变化
There is no one who doesn’t wish to make great achievements. (= There is no one but wishes to make great achievements.) 谁都希望自己将来能有所成就｡。