阅读理解突破之词义猜测题
2020高考英语阅读理解解题技巧专项突破七：阅读理解专题之词句猜测题
专题7阅读理解专题之----词句猜测题【设问形式】①Which of the following can replace the underlined word...in paragraph...?②The underlined word“...”means____?③The word“...”refers to_____?④What do you think the expression“...”stands for?......【考查方式】在高中英语阅读理解中，词句猜测题是一类很重要的题型。
这一题型重点考查了学生的猜测能力和判断能力。
词句猜测题包括：词义猜测、代词指代和句意猜测题。
1.词义猜测题主要指猜测单词或词义，常用方法：1）根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。
2）根据同位关系进行猜测。
3）根据构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）进行猜测。
4）根据同义词、反义词猜测。
5）根据转折或对比关系等来猜测。
2.代词指代题：在解决代词指代类题目时首先要宏观把握，充分把握代词指代所在的段落或前文表达的含义；然后，微观入手，抓住关键词或关键句，理清逻辑关系，进而推断代词的指代内容。
3.句意猜测题：解答句意猜测题时要仔细阅读文章，对原句进行语法或语义上的准确分析，结合原文意义对划线句子做出合理的推理和判断。
实战演练【例题】1.词义猜测：2016全国ⅠCI am peter Hodes,a volunteer stem courier.Since March2012,I've done89trips of those,51have beenabroad,I have42hours to carry stem cells（干细胞）in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last,in all,from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者)to the time they can be implanted in the patient,we’ve got72hours at most,So I am always conscious of time.I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America.I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island,and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London.But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence,the lady on the desk said:”Well,I’m really sorry,I’ve got some bad news for you-there are no fights from Washington.”So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said:”In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient-please,please,you’ve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.”She just dropped everything.She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me.re-routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.For this courier job,you’re consciously aware than that box you’re got something that is potentially going to save somebody’s life.29.Which of the following can replace the underlined word“courier”in Paragraph17A providerB delivery manC collectorD medical doctor30.Why does Peter have to complete his trip within42hours?A.He cannot stay away from his job too long.B.The donor can only wait for that long.C.The operation needs that very much.D.The ice won't last any longer.31.Which flight did the woman put Peter on first?A.To LondonB.To NewarkC.To ProvidenceD.To Washington【答案】29.B30.D31.B【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了作者在一次运送造血干细胞途中的一段经历，表现了人们之间的友爱。
高三英语阅读理解题型突破猜测词义题
现吨市安达阳光实验学校09二轮专题1：阅读理解题型专项突破之一——词义猜测中学王【】在阅读中我们经常会遇到许多生词。
这时许多同学立即翻阅词典，查找词义。
这样做不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度、影响对语篇的整体把握。
事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。
我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。
近年来统一高考中加大了对考生猜词义能力的考查，因此，掌握一的猜词技巧，对突破高考阅读理解、提高我们的英语语言能力都有非常重要的意义。
【常见考法】常见的题干有：1) Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word？2) The word... could best be replaced by.3) In the... paragraph, the word... means (refers to).4) According to the passage,... probably means.5) The author uses the word... to mean.【考试技巧】猜测词义时，一般可利用以下四个方面的线索：一、针对性的解释针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或高深的词汇所做的通俗化的解释。
这些解释提供的信息明确具体，所使用的语言通俗易懂，利用它们来猜测词义就非常简单。
1.根据义（definition）猜测词义如果生词有一个句子（语从句或是同位语<同位语前常有 or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say, i.g. >或是同位语从句）或段落来义,或使用破折号，冒号，分号后的内容和引号括号中的内容加以解释和义，那么理解这个句子或段落本身就是推断词义。
阅读之主旨大意题、词义猜测题学案 - 学生版
阅读全面突破之主旨大意题、词义猜测题阅读全面突破之主旨大意题主旨大意题考査学生把握全文主旨大意和中心思想的能力。
做这类试题需要考生具有总体把探文章的能力，以及善于运用判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的能力。
主旨大意题一般对文章的主要内容、中心思想、段落大意、标题、写作意图等方面进行考査。
从考查形势上看，从原来简单的主旨归纳变得综合性越来越强。
同时文章的行文跳跃性较强，次序变化大，隐含信息增多。
因此，主旨题的答案判断的干扰性越来越强，不能直接根据主题句来判断答案。
未来对主旨大意题的考查数量和设题要求不会改变。
考法透析主旨大意题主要考查学生对所读材料(或所读材料片断)中心思想的概括。
做这类题时，考生应通读全文，把握文章大意或中心思想，同时注意文章的主题句，因为主题句表达了文章的中心思想，而其他句子均围绕主题句展开。
主题句通常位于文章第一段首句、第一段末句或全文末句等地方，但有时也位于段落中间(通常是第一段或最后一段的中间)。
主旨大意题的考查形式很多，如概括标题、主题、段意、中心思想等。
常见的设问方式有：The general/main idea of the passage is about ________.Which of the following best states the theme of the passage?In this passage the author discusses primarily ________.The passage is mostly about ________.The passage is mainly concerned about ________.The topic/subject discussed in this passage is ________.The best title/headline for this passage is ________.The subject discussed in this text is ________.The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to ________.Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?The purpose of this article is ________.The main idea/key point of this passage is that ________.考点1 归纳段落大意段落大意是指一篇文章各个段落的主要意思，是对一个段落的基本内容的简缩和初步的概括。
高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧
⾼考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧⾼考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧 得阅读者得天下。
要想在⾼考中得到⾼分，就必须提⾼阅读理解的得分率。
词义猜测题是⾼考阅读理解题中的必考题型，⽽且利⽤⽂章所提供的语境来猜测⽣词的含义是阅读的必备技能之⼀。
跟着⼩编⼀起来看如何破解这类题吧! 【⾼考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧】 词义猜测能⼒是⼀项重要的英语阅读技能，同时也是上海⾼考英语卷对考⽣阅读能⼒进⾏检测的⼀个重要⽅⾯。
综观近⼏年的上海⾼考英语阅读理解题，我们可以发现，词义猜测的命题形式⼤体有以下三个层⾯： 1.猜测⼀个单词的语境意义，如(上海⾼考66题)： What does the word “epic” in paragraph 1 most probably mean? 2.猜测⼀个词组的含义，如(上海⾼考66题)： According to paragraph 3, a person with “defective hearing” is probably one who... 3.对具体语境下的特定句⼦的'猜测，如(上海⾼考73题)： By saying “It could be your grandchildren’s stamp”, Mr Saunders means that forever stamps... 【解题技巧】 1. 利⽤同义词、近义词、反义词猜测词义 在⽣词所出现的上下⽂中，有时会出现与之同义、近义或反义的词语或语句，此时可以通过熟悉的词语以及它们之间的关系来推知⽣词在⽂段中的含义。
2. 利⽤定义或解释猜测词义 有些阅读中的⽣词，尤其是新闻报道及科普类⽂章中的⽣词，往往在其后有对该词进⾏解释说明的短语或句⼦。
常见的提⽰词(语)有to be, to do, that is, stand for, namely, to refer to, to mean, in other words等，有时也以同位语(从句)、定语从句的形式出现，或⽤破折号、括号来引出。
高中英语阅读理解技巧之词义猜测题
√C. Strong D. interesting
What skills have we learnt?
1.通过对比和比较找出反义词，近义词 来猜测词义（synonym，antonym）
脆的
4.定义法
解题技巧四：
根据 定义（definition）来猜 测词义
常用提示词：that is，be defined as, be known as , be called, mean 等.
skill4
1.) The young man was bashful that he did not dare to speak to the pretty girl.
英语阅读理解技巧之 词义猜测题
（word-guessing）
Lead-in(导入)
词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：
1）The underlined word / phrase in the passage means ____．
2）The word "it / them"in the first paragraph refers to ____．
2.根据因果关系猜测词义（cause and effect）
3.根据 定义来猜测词义（definition）
4.根据 构词法：前缀、后缀来猜测词义
5.根据 列举的事例来猜测词义 （example）
6.通过上下文语境来猜测词义（context）
1. When Andrea Peterson did her first teaching job, she faced the daunting task of creating a music program with almost no money for equipment or supplies .
阅读理解中猜测词义题的解题策略分析
二、常见阅读猜词题的设问方式：
(1). What does the underlined word “them/it” refer to? (2). In the... paragraph, the word... means (refers to). (3). According to the passage, ... probably means (4). The author uses the word... to mean. (5). The underlined phrase “punch line” most probably means______. (6). The underlined word “one” could best be replaced by ______. (7). What does “garden” in the last two paragraphs stand for? (8). Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “___”?
1. Definition or explanation 定义法或释义法
(2). (2014新课标全国卷 I.B) Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the birds were most abundant, people believed there was an everlasting supply and killed them by the thousands. Q: The unlined Word “undoing” probably refers to the pigeons’ ________.
阅读理解能力提高技巧
一、1.Which of the followingis the nearest in meaningto .“.. ”?2.What does the underlined word/sentence mean in the last paragraph?3.What does the author probably mean by.“..”?4.The underlined word .“..” in the context/in Paragraph...probably means .5.The term .“.. ”can be best replacedby .6.The word .“.. ”probably refers to .7.As usedin the line...,the word .“.. ”refers to .8.Accordingtothe passage,the word .“.. ”i s known as .9.The word/phrase .“.. ”is closest in meaningto.10.By saying .“.. ”,the author means .11.The passage uses the word .“.. ”torefer to .12.Accordingtothe author,the underlinedword .“.. ”mean s .13.From the context/pass age,we can infer that the word .“.. ”means .二、做题方法：一般通过定义、定语(从句)或同位语(从句)来确定词义。
be, be called, means, be definedas ,that is, that is tosay,in otherwords,----- (破折号)等猜测划线部分的词义：1.It will be very hard but very brittle — that is , it will break easily.2.The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.3.A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrust the skin and then drink blood.4.Desert can be defined as a large area of land where there is not enough rain and vegetation to support human life.考点突破：猜测划线部分的词义1.A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.2.His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals.3.They are vertebrates,that is ,animals have backbones.4.The period of adolescence,i.e.the period between childhood and adulthood ,may be long or short.5. “Getting the cold shoulder ”means that some one is actually in a way that makes you feel unwanted. The very words create a picture: You can imagine a friend turning away so that, instead of a warm greeting, you receive only his shoulder–a c“old”shoulder.The expression “getting the cold shoulder” means ____.A. being treated rudely by paying no attention to youB. greeting you friendlyC. greeting you by rubbing shoulders with youD. feeding you cold meat利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词 (组) 猜测词义。
解答词义猜测题的几种方法
生词或熟词生义的能力。基于此，笔者下面将分别从
根据语境、逻辑关系、解释性信息、指代等方面，分析
词义猜测题的解题技巧，以提高学生的解题技能。
一、根据上下文语境，推测词义
又如，2022 年卷Ⅱ阅读 B 第 4 题：What do the un⁃
A. Provided shelter for me.
解题技巧
解答词义猜测题的几种方法
李园园
词义猜测题在每年高考中都会出现 1-2 道，被猜
测词出现的位置也成为学生解题方向的一个依据。
以是一个单词，也可以是一个词组，甚至可以是一个
derlined words“hit home for me”mean in paragraph 2?
测的部分通常以下划线的形式被标记，被猜测的词可
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课堂内外
立足“复项主位
复项主位”
”概念
概念，
，开展英语新闻阅读教学
谈
复项主位是指句子中的主位是由多种功能的结
昕
报道的对象、主题。
构成分构成，主要包括表示经验、语篇、人际等意义的
教学片段一：
成分。在复项主位中，当概念主位、语篇主位、人际主
成本以及更好地保护铁路人员安全。其后以数据的
方式，描述了每年花费约 200 亿欧元在铁路上，包括
to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure，推 知 用 在
maintenance 上的费用是用于检查与维修铁路基础设
施，故而画线部分表示节省维修成本。根据四个选项
我们睡觉时，就要关在一个大房间里，之后出现 other⁃
阅读技巧中的词义猜测题练习题及
阅读技巧中的词义猜测题练习题及解析方法阅读技巧中的词义猜测题练习题及解析方法词义猜测题是英语阅读中常见的一种题型，考察读者通过上下文理解单词或短语的意思。
在解答此类题目时，读者需要根据前后文的信息和语境来推测生词或隐含意思，并选出最符合上下文的选项。
本文将介绍一些常见的词义猜测题练习题，并提供解析方法，帮助读者提高阅读理解能力。
练习题1：There was a terrible storm last night, and the wind howled through the trees making an _______ sound.A) eerieB) awkwardC) enchantingD) evident解析方法：根据句子中的描述“terrible storm”和“the wind howled”，可以推断出夜晚的声音并不愉快或令人不安。
选项A) eerie 指的是令人不安的、怪异的，符合语境。
练习题2：The party was a great _______ , with colorful decorations, delicious food, and lively music.A) triumphB) disasterC) successD) failure解析方法：根据句子中的描述“colorful decorations, delicious food, and lively music”可以推断出聚会很成功。
选项C) success是最符合语境的选项。
练习题3：The new employee seemed quite _______ at the company, chatting with everyone and making jokes.A) isolatedB) independentC) sociableD) ignorant解析方法：根据句子中的描述“chatting with everyone and making jokes”，可以推断出新员工在公司非常社交。
猜测词义题型阅读解题技巧(技巧总结)
猜测词义题型阅读解题技巧题型介绍高考大纲要求考生能“根据上下文推断生词的词义”。
词义猜测题一般占阅读理解总题量的 10%左右。
所猜词汇可以是生词，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是人称代词的指代内容。
常见提问方式The underlined word“______”in the passage means ______.What does“_______”in the third paragraph stand for?The word/phrase“________”most near ly means ______.The word/phrase“______”could best be replaced by ______.The word/phrase“______”in Line…, Para …refers to______.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence“________”?What’s the meaning of“______”in Line …, Para …?The underlined sentence in the first /second... paragraph probably means that ________.正确选项的特点1. 对于超纲词汇的正确解释，如果将它代入回原文，则符合逻辑，使文章通顺易懂。
2. 对于未超纲的词或短语的正确解释，往往是熟词新义，是根据上下文推测的一个特定场合的含义。
干扰项的特点1.字面意思：对于熟悉的词，干扰项会列出它的字面意思或常规含义。
2.无关意思：除了字面意思，出题人还常用凭空杜撰出来的其它意思来干扰考生，但只要将此意思带入原文，不符合逻辑就能够排除。
解题思路1. 返回原文，结合上下文，理解该词的意思。
2. 搜索时应注意同位语、特殊标点、定语从句、 (表示上下文之间的逻辑关系)关键提示词及前后缀，特别注意找出其中和生词处于同一位置的词去推测。
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阅读理解突破之词义猜测题高考命题取向正确理解文中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础，不懂单词含义根本就谈不上理解文章。
但英语单词、短语的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义随不同语境会有所不同。
能根据上下文理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。
在高考阅读理解中，词义猜测题通常有以下三种情况：推测划线单词或短语的含义；推测划线代词指代含义；推测划线句子的含义。
近3年全国高考细节理解题题量统计对于推测划线单词或短语的含义，可以依据定义、同位语、文章中的例子、对比关系或比较关系、构词法、并列结构、因果关系等来解题；对于推测代词含义，可以从宏观上充分把握代词指代内容涉及段落的整体含义，并从微观入手抓住关键词或关键句，弄清逻辑关系（因果关系，转折关系，补充说明，对比关系等）来解题；关于推测划线句含义，采用三步法—一定位，返回原文，定位划线句子，理清句子结构；二分析，分析划线句子前后语境，根据关键信息和逻辑关系（因果关系，转折关系，补充说明，对比关系等）合理推断句意；三比较，比较选项，找出与推断出的句义相似的选项。
高考典题例析推测划线单词或短语的含义例1 (2022·全国甲卷)As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鹅)longing to say hello.These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel.Throughout her career(职业)as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile.And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland.“I just decided I wanted to go,” she says.“I had no idea about what I'd find there and I wasn't nervous, I just wanted to do it.And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she'd never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica.“From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing.Antarctica left an impre ssion on me that no other place has,” Ginni says.“I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us.You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making under water.”The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.28.Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?A.Try challenging things.B.Take a degree.C.Bring back lost memories.D.Stick to a promise.28.【解析】选A。
词义猜测题。
根据第二段“Throughout her career as a professional dancer,she toured in the UK,but always longed to explore further.When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest,she decided it was time to take the plunge.”可知,在她的舞蹈演员职业生涯中,她曾在英国巡演,但一直渴望进一步探索。
在她不再跳舞且她的儿子们最终成家立业后,她决定是时候冒险了。
据此可以判断,take the plunge意为“尝试具有挑战性的事情”。
故选A。
例2 (2022·全国乙卷)Can a small group of drones(无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today's “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效)across the board.That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts.By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don't need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot.With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.29.What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A.Personnel safety.B.Assistance from drones.C.Inspection and repair.D.Construction of infrastructure.29.【解析】选C。