(英语毕业论文)分析《了不起的盖茨比》及美国梦的幻灭分析
《了不起的盖茨比》：美国梦的破碎与虚幻
概述《了不起的盖茨比》是美国作家F·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德于1925年出版的一部长篇小说。
小说以20世纪20年代美国为背景，描绘了虚荣和浮华的“爵士时代”，展示了主人公盖茨比追求美国梦并最终破灭的故事。
本文将通过对《了不起的盖茨比》中主题的分析，探讨美国梦在该作品中的破碎与虚幻。
首先，我们将介绍小说的背景和基本情节，并深入挖掘主要角色之间复杂的关系。
接着，我们将重点讨论作者通过描写社会阶层、财富和爱情等元素来表达对美国梦虚幻性质的批判。
最后，在结尾部分，我们将总结小说如何呈现出一个真实而又残酷的社会现实。
小说背景与情节《了不起的盖茨比》发生在20世纪20年代末期，被称为“大萧条”前夜。
美国社会处于繁荣与消费主义高峰期，在这个时代，人们普遍追求物质财富和社会地位，美国梦成为了每个人心中的向往。
故事的主角是杰伊·盖茨比，一个神秘而富有的年轻男子。
他住在纽约附近的豪华庄园，并被邻居们传闻为一个成功的金融家。
然而，盖茨比实际上曾经是一个贫穷的少年，通过非法手段获取了巨额财富。
小说围绕着盖茨比对失散多年的恋人黛西的追求展开。
黛西已经嫁给了富商汤姆·布坎南，在外表上过着无忧无虑的生活。
然而，在一系列事件中，盖茨比试图用自己的财富与地位来吸引黛西回到他身边。
破碎的美国梦菲茨杰拉德通过描述虚荣、浮华、欺骗和道德堕落等现象，揭示了美国梦实际上只是破碎与虚幻的幻想。
首先，在小说中，作者展示了由钱财带来的不稳定性和荒唐行为。
人们通过堕落的手段追求财富并达到所谓的社会地位，却往往陷入道德和精神困境。
盖茨比用财富来重建自己的身份，但结果却只是虚无飘渺，其美国梦最终以悲剧收场。
其次，小说中对社会阶层差距的描写也呼应了美国梦虚幻性质的主题。
尽管盖茨比透过舞会和社交活动试图融入上流社会，但他始终被嘲笑和排斥。
无论个人努力如何，社会阶层限制了一个人在美国梦中实现成功的可能性。
最后，爱情在小说中也成为美国梦破灭的象征。
试从《了不起的盖茨比》的爱情悲剧分析美国梦的破灭
试从《了不起的盖茨比》的爱情悲剧分析美国梦的破灭1. 引言1.1 简介《了不起的盖茨比》是美国作家菲茨杰拉德的代表作之一，被誉为20世纪最伟大的小说之一。
小说以20世纪20年代的美国为背景，展现了一个关于爱情、财富和美国梦的悲剧故事。
主人公盖茨比是一个自信、富有和具有迷人魅力的男人，他对自己的爱情执着不渝，却最终导致了悲剧的结局。
在这个故事中，美国梦的象征与破灭在盖茨比身上得到了充分体现，反映了菲茨杰拉德对美国社会的深刻思考和批判。
通过分析《了不起的盖茨比》中的爱情悲剧和美国梦的象征与破灭，我们可以更深刻地理解美国梦的本质以及其在现实生活中的影响。
在本文中，我们将从这几个方面来探讨这部经典小说所呈现的主题和内涵。
2. 正文2.1 盖茨比的爱情悲剧盖茨比的爱情悲剧在小说中体现得淋漓尽致，他为了追求黛茜不惜一切，但最终却发现自己的爱情无法与现实相抗衡。
他的爱情不仅受到阶级差异的阻碍，还受到道德观念和社会规范的束缚。
盖茨比心甘情愿为了爱情牺牲一切，但最终却发现自己的美国梦只是一场空欢喜。
他的爱情悲剧反映了美国社会中现实与理想的冲突，以及个人努力与社会现实之间的矛盾。
盖茨比的爱情悲剧警示着人们在追求美国梦的过程中要理性思考，不要盲目追求虚幻的幸福。
他的爱情悲剧也使人反思美国社会中的悲剧现实，以及个人命运与社会环境之间的关系。
通过盖茨比的爱情悲剧，我们可以更深刻地理解美国梦的象征与破灭，以及对美国梦的反思。
2.2 美国梦的象征与破灭盖茨比的财富和派对生活被描绘为虚荣和空洞，反映了美国梦的虚假性。
尽管他财大气粗，但他内心的孤独和失落却无法用金钱来弥补。
而黛西也是被虚荣和社会地位所蒙蔽，最终选择留在有地位的丈夫汤姆身边。
这表明了在现实生活中，美国梦并非真正的幸福之源，而是一个虚幻的幻想。
美国梦在《了不起的盖茨比》中被揭示为一个破碎、虚幻的梦想。
盖茨比用财富和地位来追求幸福和爱情，最终却发现这并非真正的幸福。
这让人反思，美国梦到底是什么？是金钱和地位，还是内心的满足和真实的爱情？在现实生活中，我们需要思考美国梦的真正含义，以避免陷入虚幻和空洞的幻想中。
从《了不起的盖茨比》看美国梦的幻灭
从《了不起的盖茨比》看美国梦的幻灭《了不起的盖茨比》是美国作家F·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德的一部经典小说，它以20世纪20年代的美国社会为背景，通过主人公盖茨比的人生经历，深刻地揭示了“美国梦”的幻灭。
“美国梦”是一种信仰，即只要努力奋斗，每个人都有机会获得成功和幸福。
然而，在《了不起的盖茨比》中，这个信仰被无情地打破。
盖茨比出生贫寒，但他从小就怀揣着“美国梦”，希望通过自己的努力改变命运。
他努力学习，努力工作，最终成为了一个富有的人。
然而，他的成功并没有带来他期望的幸福。
首先，盖茨比的爱情梦想破灭。
他深爱着黛西，但黛西并不是他想象中的那个人。
黛西只关心物质享受和虚荣心的满足，而不是真正的爱情和责任。
盖茨比为了满足黛西的虚荣心，不惜花费巨资举办盛大的派对，最终却只换来了黛西的背叛和冷漠。
其次，盖茨比的社会地位也受到挑战。
虽然他很有钱，但他始终无法摆脱自己的出身和过去的阴影。
他在社交场合受到冷落和嘲笑，他的财富和地位也并不被社会认可。
最后，盖茨比的信仰也彻底崩溃。
他曾经深信只要努力奋斗就能实现梦想，但现实却让他认识到这个信仰是虚假的。
他为了追求黛西付出了巨大的代价，但最终却只换来了失望和孤独。
《了不起的盖茨比》通过盖茨比的人生经历告诉我们，“美国梦”并不是每个人都能实现的。
这个信仰背后隐藏着的是社会的不公和人生的无奈。
尽管盖茨比付出了巨大的努力，但他最终仍然无法摆脱命运的束缚。
此外，《了不起的盖茨比》还揭示了物欲横流的社会现实。
在20世纪20年代的美国社会中，人们追求物质享受和金钱利益，把物质、金钱当成唯一追求，沉浸在一种追名逐利、纸醉金迷的氛围中。
这种社会风气使得人们失去了真正的价值观和人生目标，导致精神世界空虚不堪。
因此，《了不起的盖茨比》不仅是一部关于爱情和社会的小说，更是一部关于“美国梦”幻灭的深刻反思。
它告诉我们，“美国梦”并不是每个人都能够实现的，而现实社会中的物欲横流和精神空虚也是我们必须面对的问题。
《了不起的盖茨比》的美国梦与幻灭
了不起的盖茨比的美国梦与幻灭《了不起的盖茨比》是弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德的代表作，这部小说深刻地描绘了20世纪20年代美国社会的风貌，尤其是对“美国梦”的追逐与幻灭进行了深刻的探讨。
小说通过主人公盖茨比的悲剧命运，展现了一个时代的缩影，揭示了美国梦背后的虚伪与空洞。
一、美国梦的追逐小说中的美国梦，是指通过个人奋斗实现财富、地位和爱情的梦想。
盖茨比，一个出身贫寒的青年，通过不懈的努力和奋斗，最终积累了巨额财富，成为了一个富有的商人。
他的生活充满了奢华和享乐，他的豪宅夜夜笙歌，成为了纽约社交圈的焦点。
盖茨比的成功，似乎印证了美国梦的可能性，他的故事激励着无数人去追逐自己的梦想。
二、幻灭的开始然而，随着故事的深入，我们逐渐发现盖茨比的美国梦并非那么完美。
他的财富并非来自正当的商业活动，而是通过非法的途径获得。
他的爱情，也是建立在对黛西的幻想之上，而非真实的了解和感情。
盖茨比的美国梦，实际上是一个建立在虚假之上的空中楼阁。
三、悲剧的高潮盖茨比的悲剧在于他始终无法认识到自己的美国梦的虚幻。
他坚信通过财富和地位能够赢得黛西的爱，却忽视了黛西的自私和冷漠。
当盖茨比发现黛西并非他想象中的完美女神时，他的梦想开始崩塌。
而当黛西的丈夫汤姆揭露了盖茨比的过去，盖茨比的美国梦彻底破灭。
四、幻灭的结局小说的结尾，盖茨比的死亡成为了美国梦幻灭的象征。
他的葬礼冷清而凄凉，那些曾经围绕在他身边的宾客们无一人出席。
盖茨比的一生，就像他的梦想一样，最终化为泡影。
他的悲剧，不仅是个人的悲剧，也是整个时代的悲剧。
菲茨杰拉德通过盖茨比的故事，对20世纪20年代的美国社会进行了深刻的批判。
五、对现代的启示《了不起的盖茨比》对现代社会依然具有启示意义。
它提醒我们，追求梦想固然重要，但不应忽视梦想背后的现实。
在追逐梦想的过程中，我们应保持清醒的头脑，不被表面的繁华所迷惑，不被虚假的承诺所欺骗。
只有这样，我们才能避免盖茨比式的悲剧，实现真正意义上的成功和幸福。
《了不起的盖茨比》中注定破碎的美国梦探析
《了不起的盖茨比》中注定破碎的美国梦探析摘要：菲茨杰拉德的著作《了不起的盖茨比》描述了一个农民的儿子执着地追求“美国梦”的故事，由于阶级的固化和不择手段致富的社会风气，遭到背叛无辜惨死的故事。
本文分析了美国梦的起源和书中主角对于美国梦的追求、实现、失败的概述和分析，得出盖茨比“美国梦”注定破碎的结论，揭示了其悲剧的内在逻辑。
关键词：一、美国梦的起源“美国梦”是一种滋生于美国社会的意识形态，即在美利坚合众国领土内，人民自由民主的，机会均等，每个人都可以通过不懈努力、诚实艰苦地奋斗实现自己的内在潜能，收获社会的认可和尊重，而非依赖特定的社会阶级特权，或者仰仗偶然的出身和地位，获得成功，实现自己的梦想。
在1620年，乘坐五月花号历经磨难登录的第一批殖民者，曾鉴定了《五月花号公约》（Mayflower Compact），不仅宣誓遵循公正平等的法律、法令和命令，还体现了清教徒的艰苦奋斗的思想，形成了美国梦的思想雏形。
当时的美国殖民地，资源丰富并且尚未开发，殖民者需要清教徒式的艰苦劳动才能将资源转化为财富，提高生活水平，实现自己的梦想。
美国梦的思想的初步发展是在1783年。
当时，美国建立起联合政权后，联邦政府发起了西部运动，将广袤的西部土地定义为无政府开放所有权的区域，承认最早到达并最早开发的人成为土地所有者。
虽然充满艰难和凶险，但是对于追求梦想的人是绝佳的依靠个人努力实现梦想的机会。
1863年林肯总统正式颁布《解放宣言》，将美国黑人从黑奴解放为自由的公民，美国梦在实现的过程中跨出了重要的一步——人人平等的意识在种族歧视的土地上得到释放。
美国梦的真正正式地提出是在19世纪20年代经济大萧条时期。
为了提振人民信心，保持希望，历史学家亚当第一次通过文章提出“美国梦”。
也就在此时，“美国梦”成为了作家们在小说创作中热门的主题。
例如亚伯拉罕·林肯的传记，被热衷的作家们描述成从木屋走到白宫，或者某某穷人家的孩子变成了政界精英、社会名流等故事，为美国民众树立了从社会底层向社会顶层流动的成功典范。
从《了不起的盖茨比》看美国梦的崛起和幻灭
从《了不起的盖茨比》看美国梦的崛起和幻灭一、本文概述《了不起的盖茨比》是美国作家F.斯科特·菲茨杰拉德的代表作，这部小说以20世纪20年代的纽约和长岛为背景，通过对主人公杰伊·盖茨比的人生轨迹和悲剧命运的描绘，深刻揭示了美国梦的崛起和幻灭。
本文旨在从这部作品出发，探讨美国梦的内涵及其在当代社会的意义，分析盖茨比追逐美国梦的过程及其悲剧结局，进而反思现代社会中人们对于成功和幸福的追求。
本文将首先介绍《了不起的盖茨比》的主要情节和人物关系，概括盖茨比的人生经历和他所追求的美国梦。
随后，本文将深入探讨美国梦的内涵和历史背景，分析它在不同历史时期对人们的影响和意义。
接着，本文将重点分析盖茨比追逐美国梦的过程，包括他的努力、奋斗、挫折和失败，以及他对爱情和友情的执着追求。
本文将反思现代社会中人们对于成功和幸福的追求，探讨如何在追求个人梦想的同时保持对生活的真实和深刻体验。
通过对《了不起的盖茨比》的深入解读，本文旨在揭示美国梦的复杂性和矛盾性，以及它在当代社会中的价值和意义。
本文也希望引导读者反思自己的价值观和人生追求，以更加理性和成熟的态度面对生活中的挑战和困境。
二、美国梦的崛起：盖茨比的奋斗与成功《了不起的盖茨比》这部小说，通过主人公盖茨比的人生经历，生动描绘了美国梦的崛起过程。
盖茨比，一个出身贫寒的年轻人，怀揣着对未来的憧憬和信念，孤身一人来到充满机遇与挑战的纽约城。
他的故事，就是一部典型的美国梦奋斗史。
盖茨比的美国梦，首先体现在他对财富和地位的追求上。
他坚信，只要通过不懈的努力和奋斗，就一定能够实现自己的价值，赢得社会的尊重和认可。
他凭借自己的聪明才智和勤奋努力，逐渐在商界崭露头角，最终成为了一位富有的社会名流。
他的豪宅、豪车、豪华派对，都成为了纽约城上层社会的一道亮丽风景线。
然而，盖茨比的美国梦并不仅仅局限于物质财富和地位的提升。
他更渴望得到爱情和友情的滋润，希望能够在精神上实现自己的梦想。
《了不起的盖茨比》与美国梦的破灭
了不起的盖茨比与美国梦的破灭概述《了不起的盖茨比》是美国作家F·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德所著的一部经典小说。
这部小说通过描述20世纪1920年代的美国社会，揭示了“美国梦”的破灭与现实之间存在的巨大鸿沟。
本文将探讨主人公盖茨比塑造的美国梦以及他最终面对挫折和失败时所引发的反思。
美国梦与社会背景在20世纪初，美国迎来了蓬勃发展和经济繁荣的时期。
人们相信只要通过努力工作，每个人都可以实现自己的梦想，追求财富、成功和幸福。
这种理念被称为“美国梦”。
盖茨比塑造的美国梦盖茨比是小说中一个富有且神秘的角色。
他通过腾跃而来，在尼克·卡拉威（故事叙述者）眼中，成为无与伦比、令人叹服和“了不起”的化身。
据尼克的叙述，盖茨比是个认真追求成功、致力于改变自己出身的人。
为了实现自己的美国梦，他远离贫困故乡，凭借激情和决心来到纽约。
通过掌握投机和赚钱的技巧，他成为了一个富有的商人。
盖茨比美国梦的破灭然而，在《了不起的盖茨比》中，菲茨杰拉德描绘了美国梦与现实之间不可调和的矛盾。
尽管盖茨比取得了财富和社会地位，但他并没有融入上层社会圈子。
对于许多人来说，美国梦意味着创造新机会，突破社会障碍，并最终实现幸福与满足感。
然而，在小说中，菲茨杰拉德揭示了虚假性社交关系、浮华夜生活以及对金钱与权力无尽欲望的批判。
最终，盖茨比被一个虚弱愚昧的世界所淹没，并且面对着一次次失败和失去自我的经历。
在小说结尾处，他最终在努力追求的梦想和现实之间的冲突中遭到了悲剧性的命运。
反思与启示通过《了不起的盖茨比》的故事，我们可以发现菲茨杰拉德对美国梦所持的批判态度。
他揭示了超出财富和成功之外真正幸福与满足感的欠缺。
小说对社会浮华、空虚和个人身份探索提出了深刻问题。
这使我们反思，美国梦是一种伟大的理想，但若仅依赖物质追求，并忽视人性需求，就会导致精神上的空虚和破碎。
同时，作为读者也应该审视自己对于成功、财富和幸福的定义，并思考是否我们也存在类似的困惑和挣扎。
毕业论文-浅析《了不起的盖茨比》中的美国梦
本科毕业论文中文题目：浅析《了不起的盖茨比》中的美国梦外文题目：An Analysis of American Dream inThe Great Gatsby院系英语学院专业英语（翻译）年级学号浅析《了不起的盖茨比》中的美国梦摘要：《了不起的盖茨比》是美国作家弗·司各特·菲茨杰拉德1925年所写的一部以20世纪20年代的纽约市及长岛为背景的短篇小说。
《了不起的盖茨比》的问世，奠定了弗·司各特·菲茨杰拉德在现代美国文学史上的地位。
本论文讨论了美国梦与美国下层阶级之间的关系。
论文首先介绍了美国梦的基本情况，即历史回顾、历史起源和它的发展，旨在找出美国梦在20世纪20年代失败的原因。
随后论文阐述了美国梦和美国下层阶级的矛盾，论述理想美国梦和物质对美国下层阶级诱惑之间的矛盾,以及理想美国梦与美国下层阶级道德观的改变之间的矛盾。
关键词：《了不起的盖茨比》；美国梦；美国下层阶级An Analysis of American Dream in The Great GatsbyAbstractThe Great Gatsby is the most renowned masterpiece of F. Scott Fitzgerald in 1925, depicting a story that happened in New York city and Long Island during the 1920s. Due to its birth, Fitzgerald has gained his reputation in contemporary American literature history. This paper consists of two parts. The first part of the paper introduces American dream which concludes historical retrospect, historical origin and its development, aiming to trace back to the reasons that give rise to the failure of American dream. Then, the paper demonstrates the conflict between American dream and the lower classes of American society, including the conflict between American dream and the lure of material world real, and the conflict between American dream and change of moral standards of American lower class.Key words: The Great Gatsby; American Dream；American lower classAcknowledgementsFirst and foremost, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my supervisor, Professor Zuo, both for her intellectual guidance and for her warm and constant encouragement during the process of writing this thesis. With patience and prudence, she labored through drafts of this thesis and pointed out defects in my theorizing. Therefore, I owe all the merits in this thesis, if any, to her, though I am fully aware that the thesis might still contain some mistakes, for which I bear the whole responsibility.My cordial and sincere thanks go to all the teachers in the College of English, whose interesting and informative courses have benefited me a lot during my college years. The profit that I gained from their profound knowledge, remarkable expertise and intellectual ingenuity will be of everlasting significance to my future life and career.I am also very grateful to my classmates, who have given me a lot of help and courage during my stay in the University and throughout the process of writing this thesis.Last but not the least, big thanks go to my family who have shared with me my worries, frustrations, and hopefully my ultimate happiness in eventually finishing this thesis.Contents中文摘要 (ⅰ)Abstract (ⅱ)Acknowledgements (ⅲ)Introduction (1)Ⅰ. The American Dream (3)A.Origin of American Dream (3)B.Development of American Dream (5)Ⅱ. The Contradiction Between American Dream and the American Lower Class in the 1920s (7)A.The Contradiction Between Ideal of American Dream and MaterialTemptation for American Lower Class in the 1920s (8)B.The Contradiction Between American Dream and Change of Moral Standardsof American Lower Class in the 1920s (12)Conclusion (15)Notes (18)Bibliography (19)An Analysis of American Dream in The Great GatsbyIntroductionFitzgerald was born in St. Paul, Minnesota on September 24, 1896. He was the only son of an upper middle class Catholic family. While he was at Princeton university, the young Fitzgerald developed his talent in writing. When the First World War broke out, he enlisted in the army, and in a training camp in Alabama, he met and felt in love with Zelda sayre, the southern belle who became his wife and who was the model for most of the beautiful and gay heroines of his fiction. His life with her was a mixture of great happiness and great misery and pain. In 1925, Fitzgerald published his most famous novel the Great Gatsby. Before long, his wife became mentally ill. Fitzgerald declined as a writer. He worked regularly as a script—writer in Hollywood from 1937 to 1939, when he succumbed to alcoholism. He died of heart attack in 1940. His wife, Zelda, was sent to a sanitarium and died in a fire started by herself in the sanitarium.Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald is widely regarded as one of the twentieth century’s greatest writers, whose works were the samples of the Jazz Age, a term he coined himself. Many critics have seen Fitzgerald’s artistic achievement in terms of his ability to depict the American society, its history and its people1. Fitzgerald is considered a member of the Lost Generation of the 1920s. He finished four novels, This Side of Paradise, The Beautiful and Damned, Tender is the Night and his most famous, the celebrated classic, The Great Gatsb y—his masterpiece which is often taken as an account of the story of America. A fifth, unfinished novel, The Love of the Last Tycoon was published posthumously. Fitzgerald also wrote many short stories that treat themes of youth and promise along with despair and age.The thesis consists of two parts. In order to tracing back to the reasons that give rise to the degradation of American Dream, the first part bases its explanation on the retrospect of American history and American Dream. Then, the second part will be primarily focused on the conflict between American Dream and the lower classes of American society, including the conflict between American Dream and reality, andthat between American Dream and the lure of material world.I. The American DreamOne of the things that makes America such an unusual place is that it is perhaps the only society in history in which a vast number of its members are living their private dream. It is a world that teaches the primacy of the personal, of oneself, which ironically leaves people powerless.1 Barack Obama, the 44th president of the United States mentioned in his inaugurated speech that This is our moment. This is our time----to put our people back to work and open doors of opportunity for our kids; to restore prosperity and promote the cause of peace; to reclaim the American dream and reaffirm that fundamental truth that out of many, we are one. The American dream means that everyone, no matter what social status is, can achieve his goal through his own hard work. The ideology is based on the origin of the America, as a belief carved in people’s minds.The lifestyle of Americans provides infinitive possibilities for individuals on the basis of the political economy.2 The best example is Abraham Lincoln. He was a person who had nothing at his early years, but he became the 16th president of the United States through his own efforts.A.Origin of American DreamBecause the Roman pope didn’t agree that the England king Henry Ⅷdivorced with his wife, he decided to break up with Roman pope in political relationship and establish new national church, England church. But this kind of new church didn’t reform in its meaning and ritual. This caused dissatisfaction of the protestant who wished to purify the state church, and then came the puritans. Puritans believed that one’s success on his work or career is the sign of God’s select. The moral principle of the puritans is diligent work and good qualities.3 But some ideas of puritans was a threat to the England state church which led to extreme persecution ofsome people. Some were thrown to jail, while others were punished to death. In order to escape from the political persecution or seek new life from new continent, some Englanders began their journey to the North America. In 1620, 35 puritans and 67 non-puritans drifted to North America in a ship called May Flower. Before they landed, 41 travelers signed a treaty—Mayflower Compact. The original text like this: “In the name of God, Amen. We, whose names are underwritten, the loyal subjects of our dread Sovereign Lord King James, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, King, defender of the Faith, etc.Having undertaken, for the Glory of God, and advancements of the Christian faith and honor of our King and Country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the Northern parts of Virginia, do by these presents, solemnly and mutually, in the presence of God, and one another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil body politic; for our better ordering, and preservation and furtherance of the ends aforesaid; and by virtue hereof to enact, constitute, and frame, such just and equal laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions, and offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general good of the colony; unto which we promise all due submission and obedience.”4It was the first governing document of Plymouth Colony and the oldest historical document about immigrants towards North America. The compact not only regulates equality and justice, but also implies the spirit of hard work and struggling of the puritans. Even though American dream has different definitions in different periods, yet under political persecution, these Anglo-Saxons wished political equality to create new life. This is the origin of American dream. In this area with abundant resources which were not developed, people must work hard if they wanted to become wealthy and as long as they worked hard, they can improve their living standards. Since 1783, under the encouragement of federal government and state government, “ going to the West and going to the West to seek one’s American dream” has become urgent need and practical action for most of Americans. The abundant western land didn’t belong to government, didn’t belong to someone, but belonged to those who arrived earliest and developed it.B.Development of American DreamIn the early 1930s, from 1929 to 1933 when the United States went through Economic Depression, Adam, a historian mentioned American dream in an article, that is, American dream is that common people can change their own future through their own efforts in this state. When this concept was put forward, most Americans were inspired, at the same time, many Europeans and people around the world poured to the United States and tried to become a part of the American culture. Some succeeded, but most people failed. Nevertheless, American dream was still goal for most Americans.If the early American society was agricultural economy, then after industrial revolution, the realization of American dream can be finished by commercial activities.5Most of individual possessions in the United States were brought by those successful merchants and these merchants used less capital to start an enterprise. Compared with agriculture, Americans preferred business, because doing business was a quick way to make individual become wealthy. Before 100 years, the Americans established huge national industry, such as Morgan who founded bank, Fort who invented car production line whose common character was from a person with nothing to millionaire. These facts made most Americans adore these commercial heroes as heroes who developed an uncultivated land. In 1990s, people began to do business on Internet. Such companies as Amazon and Yahoo developed to big companies under the impact of the financial threat. Such successful entrepreneur as Steve Paul Jobs who invented apple computer and Bill Gates, the giant of Microsoft Corporation, their successful experiences encouraged most Americans invest to open their own companies. Americans like a word very much, that is, I’m my own boss. American dream has new connotation, that is, people can gain material success through one’s own efforts and by applying commercial wisdom. The core of American dream is high living standards.Nowadays, all kinds of immigrants with different background and skills havefound ways to enter the United States. American dream still has huge attract to immigrants from different periods, and the United States is still the melt to attract immigrants around the world. The reality is that those immigrants with powerful economy and good educational background are easy to gain success in the United States. In the end of 2006, financial crisis caused by American subprime mortgage crisis stroke the whole world and the American economy began to decline. But for most Americans, America was still a place with equal opportunities and one can gain success through one’s own efforts.II. The Contradiction Between American Dream and the AmericanLower Class in the 1920sThe American Dream is the national Dream of the United States in which freedom includes a promise of the possibility of prosperity and success. In the definition of the American Dream by James Truslow Adams in 1931, "life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement" regardless of social class or circumstances of birth. The idea of the American Dream is rooted in the United States Declaration of Independence which proclaims that "all men are created equal" and that they are "endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable Rights" including "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.6The concept of a lower class in the United States is used to describe those at or near the lower end of the socio-economic hierarchy. As with all social classes in the United States, the lower class is loosely defined and its boundaries and definitions subject to debate and ambiguous popular opinions. Sociologists such as W. Lloyd Warner, Dennis Gilbert and James Hensley divide the lower classes into two. The contemporary division used by Gilbert divides the lower class into the working poor and underclass. Service and low-rung manual laborers are commonly identified as being among the working poor. Those who do not participate in the labor force and rely on public assistance as their main source of income are commonly identified as members of the underclass. Overall the term describes those in easily-filled employment positions with little prestige or economic compensation who often lack a high school education and are to some extent disenfranchised from mainstream society.7The contradiction lies in two aspects: one is between ideal of American dream and Material Temptation for American Lower Class in the 1920s; another is between Ideal of American Dream and change of moral standards of American lower class in the 1920s.A. The Contradiction between Ideal of American Dream and Material Temptation for American Lower Class in the 1920sIn An Informal History of the Nineteen Twenties, the author points out that the so-called American Dream is a fantasy to pursue one’s own happiness without following the present situation of the American society, which is an epidemic disease of the American teenagers in the 1920s. Fitzgerald sharply notices the hypocrisy and harm of this idea and beat the death knell of American Dream with the tragedy of Gatsby.8From this comment, people can see that The Great Gatsby has revealed some nature of American society from a new perspective and has exposed the huge difference between the American Dream in real life and the American spirit of the origin in the United States. The American spirit represents these thoughts adored and cherished by Americans which are democracy, freedom and equal rights. America is a society with pursuing success and in every corner of the United States, you can see the desire for success, endeavour made for success and praising for the efforts of success. The spirit of the American nation is composed of the desire for success and the faith for success. The American spirit is considered to be the spiritual power which makes the United States become a powerful nation in only 200 years and creates various kinds of American myth. The American spirit raises all efforts for achieving individual values into divine duties and rights given by God. In An Informal History of the Nineteen Twenties, the author points out that Americans believes that there is a close relationship between successes in the world and faith in God.9Those Americans who lives in North America prove and strengthen this consciousness in their independent business and social practice. Success has then become the core value of American life. Americans know that accumulating fortunes doesn't simply mean owning fortunes. Under this condition, Americans don't care whether he was a poor man in the past and don’t care his background, and as long as he wins success, he is a hero. Americans advocate wining success by one’s own qualities and efforts and advocate becoming wealthy by hard work, which forms their unique individualand independent consciousness.However, since in the 1920s, the international circumstances and economic basis of American life have taken great changes. The economic prosperity has provided unprecedented opportunities for those Americans with dream of becoming wealthy and provided unprecedented possibilities of being opportunistic. Such consciousness as honest labor and equal competence are challenged in life. Stock exchanges produce many upstarts and the illegal management has become the effective method to accumulate fortunes. Though desire for success and efforts made for success is still powerful, the way and method of fighting has been greatly changed. However, Americans who adv ocate success and praise success don’t care about it, on the contrary, they still are addicted to fighting of success and the delight of success.In The Great Gatsby, people can see that so-called success in real life has two sides. One aspect is that it shows the infinite possibilities for individual development. Another aspect is that these infinite possibilities for individual development are just about occupations --- money, fortune, rights and dignity which are just meaningless occupations. Fitzgerald emphasizes the latter aspect in The Great Gatsby. Fitzgerald pointed out that money made many Americans’ original dream changed. They didn’t follow what the American spirit had taught them, on the contrary, as long as they could become wealthy, they could do anything to achieve this goal and they didn’t care whether their method was legal. What they knew and cared was just how to make themselves happy everyday.Before the 1920s, the American people have their own dreams which are very original and beautiful, they want to achieve their goal through their hard work in a legal way, and in their eyes, money doesn’t mean anything to them. While in the 1920s, Americans, especially for those who belong to American lower class, their American dream was tortured, what they cared was not achieving their dream through their hard work in a legal way. The most important thing for them was money. As long as they can become wealthy, they can do whatever they could, no matter whether their method was legal or not. Gatsby used to be deeply influenced by Benjamin Franklin, believing that industry and hard work can make him succeed. He firmly confirmedthat he could become a successful person, as long as he did what Franklin had done. However, the reality went against his willing. When he met Daisy, he was a poor guy. And because of this reason, Daisy married Tom who was rich young man belonging to American upper class. In Gatsby’s eyes, Daisy was all he had. She was the symbol of the perfect, purified and rich. Even though she married Tom, she was still the goddess in his heart. So in order to regain Dai sy’s heart, his dream changed. At this time, his dream in his life was just only one goal, that is, making money. The way to achieve this goal was not very important to him, and he didn’t care whether the way was legal or not. Therefore, he abandoned his former belief and became a person who sold alcoholic in an illegal way to accumulate fortune. He innocently believed that as long as he had money, he can achieve all his wishes, including regaining Daisy’s heart. For Gatsby, American dream only means money, he can do anything he wants as long as he has money.The United States in the 1920s was described as a period of material success and spiritual frustration or confusion and purposelessness. At that time, American dream in people’s eyes, especially in American lower class’ eyes, lost its traditional meaning. The capitalism entered into the phase of imperialism and the industry of capitalism was developing rapidly at a surprising speed, which deepens the gap between the rich and the poor. And the capitalists have accumulated a lot of fortunes. In a society like this, if a person wants to gain success through hard work and wisdom, it is just a dream which is impossible to realize. Gatsby is the typical representative. When he was young, he dreamed of becoming a person like Franklin, who gained success through his own efforts and wisdom. But in a society of the 1920s, it is impossible for Gatsby to realize his dream. Because American dream at his time has changed. At his time, success just means money. As long as you can get rich, you are successful. In fact, almost everyone at his time were pursuing money and longing for money. If illegal activities can make them earn money, they would use illegal method. All friends of Gatsby were like this. Their fortunes have been achieved through illegal activities. What Gatsby did was illegal and he got his money through these illegal activities. And we can find this point from the beginning of The Great Gatsby to itsend. The fundamental reason for this is that there is a big problem in that society and individual can’t avoid being influenced by the society.B.The Contradiction Between American Dream and Change ofMoral Standards of American Lower Class in the 1920sCompared with other countries, the history of America is rather short, but has its unique quality, that is to say, every important historical event can cause great influence on American literature. Such representatives of Lost generation as Hemingway and Fitzergerald actually were the products of the First World War，and most of writers who belonged to this school were young writers who took an antipathy to war and feared war, but can’t find the way out of thoughts. So they became the Lost generation for losing their way.10 What war brought to people was influential, change for people’s moral standards.What made the special period from any others were many aspects. During this period, the most important event was the First World War which was the United States involved in foreign affairs for the first time. The war had great influence on the United States. In order to make the world safe, people entered the war with unexpected enthusiasm. By selling munitions, America earned a huge fortune and suddenly became the wealthiest country in the world. This misled most of Americans. People in the United States believed that money was everywhere, and everyone had the opportunity to make money. Because of the war, the world’s order was broken. Any country who participated in the war got seriously wounded. The death toll of the war was 6 million. Besides, it made the economy of most of the countries decline. However, it was on the contrary for the United States. For America, there was no any fighting which led to stimulating its economy and technology. Because of the development of its economy, America decided to emphasize on developing its technology and commerce. As a result, such new products as automobiles, televisions and radios had been made. And these products helped to widen the horizon of its people and increase their knowledge. The entertainments enriched people’s life, notably Jazz music. Mass production, mass consumption, and mass leisure became essential to economic and cultural life and were soon to dominate the nation’s cultureand institutions. The trend of social revolution was going on. Furthermore, these changes were not good for Americans, because these changes changed people’s moral codes. Old moral codes were breaking down. Even though most of Americans became wealthier than before, they were becoming more indifferent, selfish and ruthless.The United States in the 1920s was described as a period of material success and spiritual frustration and confusion or purposelessness. Car has caused great influence on American society in the 1920s. Car is the pillar industry of the United States and America is called “the country on the wheel”. Without cars, it is impossible to imagine what the country will be like. So car has become a important part of the American values and has become a vital part of social status and American culture related to moral values. So after WWI, car has become the fashion pursued by young men. Preference for car then becomes adore for fortune and material and makes American society vast, vulgar and showy without real worth. In The Great Gatsby, people can see that car has many symbol meanings.This degradation of moral standards can be seen in the Great Gatsby clearly. At very beginning of the novel, people wanted to flatter Gatsby, wanted to become good friend of Gatsby, because he had a lot of money. But when Gatsby died, nobody came to attend his funeral. From this point, people can see how indifferent they were.Car has become the symbol of individual fortune and social status. In the 1920s, even though the car industry has developed very fast in the United States and the cost of car production has been dropped, at that time, car has still belonged to rare things and it is still a dream for most Americans to have a car. Naturally, car becomes the tool to show off for a few Americans. And Gatsby is one of them. He wants to regain Daisy’s heart by showing off and the expensive car is one of his tools to show off.His car was very glorious, like his mansion, liner and luxurious banquet which were all the material foundation to regain Daisy’s heart were the carriers to convey his information of being rich to Daisy. Wilson who had no his own car had a dream of owning his car and his dream had been beyond the car itself. Actually, he was dreaming that he could enjoy the life of the upper class. And Ms Wilson saw the car as the symbol of individual identity. Ms Wilson went to date with Tom. She let four cabspassed and then chose a new cab whose color was purple. The new car of course feels good than the old one and the purple is the color of the rich, as if she could become a rich lady when she sat in the impressive cab. From Ms Wilson’s choice of the cab, we can see that she was a flamboyant and treasure-loving woman.American moral standards in the 1920s collapsed, gender relationships have been heavily destroyed and the relationship between men and women are very chaotic. Some people think it is car that destroyed the traditional relationship between husband and wife, because car has increased more opportunities for date. Car may have caused impact on people’s living pleasure and moral standards. Barker was the first close contact with Nick in Tom’s car; the adultery of Tom and Ms Wilson began in a cab; the car became the new place for courting. Car was one of the reasons which destroyed the traditional gender relationships, but it was not the major reason. The main reason was the change of American people’s moral standards in the 1920s.ConclusionFitzgerald is the most representative novelist of the 1920s in the United States. His work, The Great Gatsby was the mirror of the times, the Jazz Age. On the surface, it is a brilliant dramatization of social and economic corruptions, while beyond these surface concerns, the novel points out the contradiction between American dream and the American lower class in the 1920s. The hero tries and fails to change the world of hard material objects into the ideal world of their fantasy. Their world like the world of many of their fellow Americans—is material without being real. The morbid pursuit of material and social success is doomed to failure. The dream they are chasing is vast, vulgar, and meretricious beauty. It is a fairy tale which never comes true.The basic reason why Jay Gatsby, the representative of the American Lower Class in the 1920s cannot succeed is that the American dream at that time had been changed thoroughly. The original American dream is to realize one’s value and achieve one’s goal through one’s hard work, while American dream in the 1920s is to make money which is the only motivation for them. In this condition, the American dream has been distorted. So, people in the 1920s cannot realize their American dream.Even though most of Americans cannot achieve their goals with the distortion of the American dream in the 1920s, yet people cannot say it is impossible to realize American dream under any circumstances. The 1920s was a hard time for Americans, because the values of most Americans had been distorted which led to the failure of American dream. But in contemporary times this kind of condition has changed. In contemporary times, the Americans have their faith and believe that they can succeed and realize their American dream by their hard work. And the Americans can achieve their dream by three main ways: the first way is to have American spirit; the second way is to make full use of opportunities; the last one is to take advantage of your own life experience. These three ways are presented lively in a film called Slumdog。
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下列所写题目均可写作。
部分题目已经写好原创。
二、原创论文参考题目1 从跨文化角度对品牌名称的研究——以化妆品品牌为例2 女性意识在《红字》中的表现3 An Analysis of the Symbolic Meanings of the Letter “A” in The Scarlet Letter4 Analysis of the Subtitle of White Collar under Skopostheorie5 哈克贝利费恩对“文明世界”的适应6 《动物庄园》中的黑色幽默分析7 冰与火具有毁灭生命的同等威力——《呼啸山庄》主题探讨8 论商务谈判中的文化因素9 On Social Function of English Euphemism Expression10 浅析隐藏在“面纱”之后的伯莎梅森11 中美时间观差异对跨文化交际的影响12 《雾都孤儿》中的批判现实主义13 分析文化差异在国际商务谈判中的影响14 苔丝的悲剧命运分析15 从合作原则的角度分析广告语的修辞特点16 初中生英语口语常见错误分析及纠错策略17 目的论在电影字幕翻译中的应用——以《功夫熊猫》为例18 《身着狮皮》中的话语、移民与身份19 从文化视角看中西方的礼节差异20 论《米德尔马契》中的人性主题21 English-Chinese Advertisement Translation22 An Analysis of Sexism in English Advertisements23 英语习语的文化内涵24 比较《简爱》中女性“陈规形象”与《飘》中女性“新形象”25 中西校园流行语的文化对比26 中学英语口语教学中的互动27 A Comparison of the English Color Terms28 从电影《吸血鬼日记》分析现代西方人们新的价值取向29 陶渊明和华兹华斯的共同追求——自然30 从精神分析学的角度论劳伦斯小说《查泰莱夫人的情人》31 浅析英语交际法教学及其运用32 艺术与现实之间的冲突－－解读毛姆的《月亮和六便士》33 海丝特白兰—清教时代的新女性34 浅析隐藏在“面纱”之后的伯莎梅森35 《汤姆叔叔的小屋》中的圣经人物原型分析36 斯佳丽，在逆境中成长37 形成性评价在英语教学中的运用38 西进运动对美国民族精神的影响39 英语阅读有效教学活动设计研究40 简爱性格魅力分析41 On Translation of Culture-Loaded Words in Subtitle of Ashes of Time Redux42 从《永别了，武器》中看战争对人性的影响43 The Basketball Cultures of China and America44 中英文颜色词的文化内涵及翻译45 解读《拉帕希尼的女儿》中的父爱46 中美面子观比较及其对商务谈判策略的启示47 国际贸易中常用支付方式下的风险及其防范48 浅析隐藏在“面纱”之后的伯莎梅森49 英汉爱情隐喻比较研究50 Angel and Devil：A Comparison Between The Two Heroes In Tess of the D’Urbervilles51 论《重返巴比伦》中女性的身份的自我建构52 《潜鸟》女主人公——皮格特托纳尔悲剧的探析53 浅析《苔丝》中的象征主义54 商务英语谈判的翻译技巧55 论《永别了，武器》中战争对人物的影响56 中西方酒类广告的文化互文性研究57 《虹》的生态女性主义解读58 许渊冲的诗歌翻译理论与实践59 《肖申克的救赎》中的新哥特元素60 Golding’s Perception of Human Nature Viewed from Lord of the Flies61 从小说《爱玛》主人公婚姻观看女性命运62 从中美家庭差异看集体主义与个体主义63 Scarlett’s Pragmatism in Gone with the Wind64 英语经济新闻标题翻译在模因传播中的分析65 Text Cohesion in English Business Contracts66 Pragmatic Differences of Politeness in Intercultural Communication Between English and Chinese67 人格、环境与命运——以弗洛伊德“人格结构理论”分析《还乡》中的主要人物命运68 归化与异化在文学翻译中的融合应用——评《红楼梦》两英译本中的习语69 论《追风筝的人》中“风筝”的象征意义70 浅析《老人与海》中桑提亚哥丰富的精神世界71 Gender Differences in Language Use72 论文化差异如何影响商务谈判策略73 The Comparison of Diet Culture between China and America74 《宠儿》的非线性叙事模式75 许渊冲的“三美”原则在国外化妆品品牌名汉译中的应用76 浅析隐藏在“面纱”之后的伯莎梅森77 Discourse Analysis on the Translation of Person of the Year, an Editorial in the Time Magazine78 会话含义的语用初探79 中西方商务礼仪的差异80 浅析简奥斯汀《理智与情感》中的婚姻观81 Terror of the Soul-Analysis of Features in Poe’s Gothic Fictions82 流行语的翻译83 任务型教学法在初中英语口语教学中的应用研究84 论《红色英勇勋章》中的象征主义85 "工业小说"《玛丽巴顿》的宗教解析86 中西服饰文化差异对语言的影响87 试论金融英语词汇的特点与翻译88 商务谈判中幽默语的运用89 从《成长的烦恼》和《家有儿女》的对比看中西方家庭价值观的差异90 论例句在中学英语课堂中的应用91 爱默生的自然观－－生态批评视域下的《论自然》92 爱伦坡侦探小说中恐怖气氛的营造方法93 中美谈判商务礼仪之比较94 星巴克在中国取得的成功及启示95 英语歌曲名称汉译研究96 浅析美剧《神盾局特工》中库森的美国企业家精神97 The Painful Growth of Scarlett O’Hara in Her Three Marriages98 英汉基本颜色词文化内涵之对比研究99 矛盾的女性意识：从《傲慢与偏见》看简奥斯汀的婚恋观100 浅析《老人与海》的主人公——圣地亚哥的人物形象分析101 《红楼梦》中的颜色词及其翻译102 论色彩在《红字》中的运用与艺术效果103 美国电影《花木兰》中的中美文化差异与融合104 探究汉英翻译的中式英语现象105 多媒体教学在中学英语教学中的利与弊106 On Romanticism in Ode to the West Wind107 文化杂糅背景下的身份诉求——解读奈保尔的《半生》108 An Insight into Cause for Feminine Tragedy－－A Case Study of A Rose for Emily 109 基于跨文化视角文化全球化的分析110 《哈姆雷特》中不言而喻的隐喻魅力(开题报告+论文+文献综述)111 从《简爱》分析夏洛蒂勃朗特的独立意识112 英语广告双关语的语用分析113 华兹华斯自然观浅析114 哲学视角下的中英数字对比研究115 Purity and Doom: on Thomas Hardy’s Tess’s of the d’Urbervilles116 《麦田里的守望者》中霍尔顿的反叛和自我救赎117 体育新闻标题翻译的关联理论视角118 从电影《功夫熊猫》看中国英语的发展119 守望爱情的孤独勇士－－论电影《暮光之城》爱德华的永恒魅力120 论英汉成语翻译121 以迪士尼为例分析美国文化在全球扩展这一趋势对其本身影响122 论双性同体理论下的《达洛卫夫人》123 分析中国和美国的慈善文化124 论商标翻译的原则及策略125 《简爱》的女性主义视角解读126 对《老人与海》中圣地亚哥的性格分析127 The Linguistic Features of American Inaugural Address128 探究《蝇王》中的人性129 中美动画电影所折射出的文化差异130 话语风格的性别差异131 从会话含义分析鲍西娅人物形象132 浅析《蝇王》的人物及其象征意义133 浅析《德伯维尔家的苔丝》中造成苔丝悲剧的因素134 时事政治汉译英该注意的几个问题135 论基督教教义对美国人慈善观的影响136 A Comparison of the English Color Terms137 解读罗伯特彭斯的爱情观——以《一朵红红的玫瑰》和《约翰安德生，我的爱人》为例138 电视公益广告的多模态话语分析139 李宁的品牌推广140 An Analysis of Textual Functions of the English Passive Voice141 中学生词汇自主学习对阅读能力影响初探142 跨文化交际视角下沉默行为的解析143 《威尼斯商人》中夏洛克形象的解构与重建144 Angelic devil: an analysis of the image of Catherinein Wuthering Heights145 On the Features of African American Literature in Song of Soloman146 中西方饮食文化的差异147 从社会习俗角度分析中西方文化差异148 语用预设在广告语言中的应用149 浅析《了不起的盖茨比》的主要人物性格150 关联理论视角下《生活大爆炸》中言语幽默的汉译151 中英文求职信中言语行为对比分析152 颜色词的中英对比翻译153 萨拉的性格魅力154 李清照词英译研究155 中美称赞语的对比分析156 从解构主义视角分析迈克尔翁达杰《英国病人》中小说中心的消失157 An Analysis of the Female Characters in Moment in Peking158 从礼貌原则看英语委婉语的构成和社会功能159 借代和提喻的对比研究160 中英文化差异与英语教学161 论《科利奥兰纳斯》的政治悲剧162 《一位女士的画像》伊莎贝尔婚姻悲剧的原因分析163 浅谈在华跨国公司的本土化策略164 论了不起的盖茨比的悲剧165 论环境和社会制度对人的行为和品格的影响——以《雾都孤儿》中南希的形象分析为例166 《玻璃动物园》中的逃避主义解读167 从叔本华的悲剧理论分析《红字》的悲剧性168 浅析中英恭维语169 An Analysis of the Symbolic Meanings of the L etter “A” in The Scarlet Letter170 《汤姆叔叔的小屋》中汤姆的形象分析171 关于高中生英语阅读策略运用情况的调查172 中英思维模式比较分析173 索尔贝娄《挂起来的人》的存在主义解读174 相似的母爱，不同的表达——对比研究《黑孩子》和《宠儿》中的母亲形象175 分析《玫瑰色茶杯》中的女性主义176 浅析如何通过英语原版电影学习英语177 《老人与海》中圣地亚哥的性格分析178 从《纯真年代》中的女性角色看伊迪斯华顿的女性意识179 论女性的牺牲——对《儿子与情人》中女性形象的分析180181 从跨文化的角度研究故事影片名字的英汉翻译182 汉语请求策略的分析183 中美价值观的比较－－以《老友记》为例184 对英汉基本颜色词翻译的跨文化研究185 朱维之《复乐园》译本研究186 The Application of TBLT Approach in Reading Instruction187 浅析《德伯维尔家的苔丝》中造成苔丝悲剧的因素188 浅析美国高等教育的创新189 中美学生对待教师的礼貌言行的对比分析190 浅析好莱坞英雄主义中的传统英雄和反英雄形象191 A Chinese-English Translation of Public Signs Based on Nida's Fuctional Equivalence Theory192 The Theme of Absurdity in The Scarlet Letter193 《永别了，武器》的存在主义解读194 二十世纪六十年代的美国种族主义：电影《相助》赏析195 《善良的乡下人》的喜剧性分析196 《道林格雷的画像》中的现实元素（开题报告+论）197 英语多义词习得的实证研究198 试析《啊，拓荒者》中的生态伦理观199 浅析隐藏在“面纱”之后的伯莎梅森200 劳伦斯《马贩子的女儿》中人物与社会的冲突。