The American Character 美国人的性格
Americancharacterandhabits美国人性格与习惯
American character and habits[Abstract]Cultural differences, the first in customs. Culture shock is due to customs difference. Therefore, the United States to study cultural adaptation, the first to understand and adapt to American customs. Romans, can adapt to American culture, but also on various occasions that allow them to avoid making inappropriate moves, let you feel down or embarrassed. Arriving in the United States, nervous excitement is inevitable, and will be very excited; you hope to be able to quickly melt into American society. Asking someone else more for you to solve cultural barriers and see more and hear more can open imports to independent proactive attitude to overcome initial challenges. Make foreign friends, broaden their horizons, and improve English proficiency. The more opportunities to solve problems independently, English is also more rapid progress. Rights and obligations of the United States is a clear, customer-oriented society, and you try to express your displeasure, and correct their mistakes.[Key Words]American character; Habits; Get along with AmericanEvery nation has its own unique personality; people often talk about British modesty, French romance, Japanese Woman's supple, etc. Similarly, the American character has its distinctive features.Americans are generally cheerful, sociable, informal etiquette. The first meeting is not necessarily shake hands, sometimes just smile, and say "Hi" or "Hello" is even polite. Americans generally shake hands with women gently. In farewell, they just waved to you or said "goodbye", "See you tomorrow." But if others bow to them, they also use the appropriate etiquette, such as shaking hands, nodding, hugging, and salute and so on. When you first make an American friend, he will tell be talking with you even forever. More glances to strangers with no intention when you walk in the street, he might smiling nod to you, or call out "hello"; if your car broke down on the road, the enthusiastic people help you repair; if you got lost in the streets, and people were eager to help you.Americans do things fast-paced make visitors feel puzzled, and the first impression is probably all of them are Americans rush. It becomes very impatient even if they are blocking a moment, At first, you might think this is unfriendly to you. The bus drivers urge you; shop assistant hurried to treat you; Y ou buy something or go out to eat, no one told you joking greeting. Do not think that Americans are in such a hurry to you expressed unfriendly. Typically, outside the large cities have slower paceof life; in fact, other countries also have same phenomenon.They find out you were a stranger, most will be friendly and try to help you. If you need help or would like to ask what the problem is, you may find kind man, and say to him: "I was out of town, can you help me?"At this point, most people would stop and give you a smile pointing way or reply to your question. But you have to let them know you need help, otherwise they will probably come from your side. Occasionally you will encounter a hurry to act them too busy or can not help you. In such circumstances, you do not be discouraged, just get somebody else. Most Americans are willing to help foreign visitors.Americans do not like to be subordinated to others when dealing with each other and do not like people too polite to compliment yourself. Americans are worried about the entry of others deemed unapproachable been isolated which mean loneliness campaign failed to politicians.Therefore, Americans make friends and hope to give people a good impression, but can often lack the kind of heart-familiar.The second feature of the American character is independent and enterprising. They do not like to depend on others, do not like people dependent on them; develop independently from the urine of Americans struggle; do not rely on their parents. On the street, every morning you can see eleven-year-old boy delivering newspapers door to door regardless of wind and thunder rain.They will come up the social life of great benefits. the results obtained by their own scholarships or work part time earn tuition. They have to leave their parents live on their own when they are in adulthood;Once you get married, they even move about independently, rely on their own ability in the United States. Y oung couples have children and tend completely on their own instead of expecting grandmother or grandmother to take care of grandchildren. However, these independent spirits in the United States tend to become old tragedy.A third characteristic of the American character is pragmatic.They did not like the French like rambling fantasy, like the British did not speak panache to face.They admired the kind of savvy stronger than man. They can solve many things on their own. Most Americans know how to use the machine, repair of electrical equipment, furniture, paint and stucco walls. They believe that doing these menial jobs in life is granted. On the contrary, those nerds, fake gentleman, talkative short lines will be made fun of.American way of thinking has a big difference from which we had. English is this expression: 1) Like to be different; 2) Agree to disagree; 3) Everything is above board."Disabled priority, ladies first, the elderly priority, children first" is the American habit. Because they are vulnerable, people deserve health care. Americans do things all in regulations. Therefore, the queue becomes their established habits. Y ou have to wait until he or she calls you when it's your turn, and you can cross the yellow line toreceive services. Otherwise you will be criticized.Americans dressed very casually. They usually wear very little when the weather is hot, and a windbreaker or denim fabric is wrapped when it is cold. Only in formal occasion wear suits, skirts and other more formal clothes.Therefore, important events should pay attention to the dress code on the invitation. If you are unsure clothing requirements, they may first ask the other participants.Americans love to develop a healthy habit. Americans would say when you are walking on the streets in the United States for a week, and your shoes do not rub. Y ou go to school, and feel thirsty, you can drink tap water. After eating, the customer will consciously take home in doggy bags. And try not to make noise when eat dinner. No littering, spitting chaos.Americans use body potential language than we do. Shrug and face with unhappy expression expresses surprise and shrugging and smiling means sure. Thumb and forefinger form the number "6", which means "consent." Americans speak, move the body all the time, but without losing the sense of humor, you have to pay attention. Speech, the body can not give back, not too far away from the speaker should face each other. Thumb and index finger rubbing beep expresses encouragement, support, or having a new idea. Hands crossed together or on the waist pledge to fight pose. A palm facing up to greet people coming back and forth movement represents.With American friends shaking hands should be hard not too small, otherwise there is impolite suspected. The Americans are language-rich, sometimes hand catch to your shoulders, which means that affirmation and encouragement. Chinese people are more conservative character and difficult to greet strangers, but a greeting after he thought had friendship with each other. As everyone knows, the greetings and friendship between Americans is nothing. Americans understand this custom, on the one hand to learn their culture greetings, good morning, good afternoon, good night, thank you, I'm sorry all day. We must also recognize that the United States is owned greetings and friendship.Generally speaking, Americans do not receive gifts. Some receiving gifts often seem somewhat embarrassed. But birthdays, weddings or patient visits, gifts or inevitable.In addition, the Americans believe that the singular is auspicious. Sometimes only get three pears not feel happy, it is unlike the Chinese people pay attention to pairs. Americans received a gift, be sure to immediately open----at the front of the giver's face -----appreciate gift or sample and immediately thanks to the giver.In the United States, if you want to visit, you must first make a call the appointment. If the owner please resumes your seat, you not sit down immediately in order to express polite, but will make the owner feel uneasy, thinking chair unclean or other inconveniences. When a guest is not free to watch the master table of the wordof paper or read files. Do not fondle indoor antique curios, not to ask the price of indoor appliances.Do not smoke. If you want to smoke, you should first ask here whether they mind if the owner initiative to invite you to smoke, even if they have a smoke, has to accept the owner's smoke, rather than reject each other and suck their own. Otherwise, the owner will think that you are looking down on him and feel very happy.Do not leave immediately after a meal and the owner should have a chat for a while, and then leave. If it is someone's home to go to a couple of guests, leave to stand by his wife first. In more formal banquet, if more guests, you should wait a bit high elderly guests or important ladies first left after he will leave. If guests need something to go ahead, the owner should ask forgiveness before leaving. If you are not familiar with the owner, then a stranger after a call to the owner should be thanked, or write a "thank you" sent to the owner of the short Cambodia, so that the more comprehensive the courtesy.More open exchanges between American men and women. Dating men and women sometimes do not have other meanings, does not mean that will become a special partner. Therefore, if you want to meet someone to talk or watch movies, eat, in order to enhance mutual friendship and spend a pleasant time, as proposed initiative generous, both men and women can take the initiative to offer. Of course, there are some rules of dating American men and women, especially in the beginning stages. If you want to invite an American girl eating alone, please be sure to point the different meanings lunch and dinner.In general, the more casual lunch, easily accepted; dinner more seriously, after a meal may be further developed. So the first invitation, it is best to eat lunch as easily. Chinese female students as male students invited by the United States, also pay attention to different lunch and dinner. If you do not want to go to each other's appointments or make you uncomfortable with the move, you can kind but surely declined. In the United States, mutual respect is the basic principles of engagement, but also rights.The United States obey law, human rights in the country. Their values are equal and free. Therefore, marriage depends on the foundation that equality, mutual respect and preservation of privacy. Americans can have their marriage before several heterosexual friends, but after they get married to each other do not want to get involved in each of the opposite sex friends, once found, the divorce was inevitable. According to the U.S. habit, all important social events, banquets or parties held between friends, the couple attended together. I have found that American couples have a double into the right, very loving. However, the American divorce rate is high, which about 60% of the world's highest divorce rate in the country. It was the Americans marriage summarized twenty words: romantic teenager, passionate youth, middle-aged faithful, tragically old age.Of course, the white-collar marriage isrelatively stable.About money, Americans and the Chinese people have different attitude. Americans are generous to themselves, but to others, Americans are surprisingly careful, and don’t want to spend even a penny. On the contrary, the Chinese people liking to save are famous, and often conscious of their spending, but perhaps due to face relationship, a friend has been more generous. Together with the Americans to eat outside, pay each general account, even though they are women is also true.Even if the Americans propose to dinner, but also do not think that he or she is going to treat, and it is often still their pay. The Chinese people "who suggested who pays" habits are very different.In the U.S., it is best not to borrow money,even if you have to, because it is often denied. Of course, a little money can still be borrowed. However, Americans do have the habit of donations; many Americans donated large sums of money each year. This is very different from the Chinese people.Americans are also very pragmatic in terms of money. So they respect labor and remuneration calculation clearly. Friends went out to dinner, which is usually the payment of money;Tipping although the behavior of free evaluation of evidence, but there is the customary one, it is best to ask customs before entry. Generally speaking, tipping is about ten to fifteen percent or so in restaurant.But do not need to eat in the cafeteria to tip, if someone poured tea and inquired diligently demand, then according to the number of discretionary tip. Evening dining tip needed more than during the day. Tipping is an assessment of service quality; some waiters to will show particularly enthusiastic for tips. Remember never to penny tip, when the penny thrown on the table, even though you pay a lot of tips, is likely to be dissatisfied with the waiter misunderstood as their service is a humiliating manner.Unless the service is really bad, never be placed in the tip of any penny. Of course, if you pay by credit card, and the amount will be rounded tips and dining, it is not in this case.Americans see work as part of life. Despite they are wealthy; they have to have their own job. Their work is very professional, work efficiency is high. They think that wasting time is not idle. Working time and leisure time are entirely different. Americans like to talk about "the dignity of work".America's leading CEOs such a class may participate in any physical labor. They will be respected by others rather than look down.Americans work and rest time is very distinct. Business should be completed within the time at work.Americans prefer face to face or on the table in the negotiations finalized.Friday night is the night of friends get together, they can enjoy singing, dancing, drinking, playing games and other recreational activities. On Saturday, they took a family member or three or five friends drove to the outside world to play.Most shops open Monday through Saturday, half past nine or ten o'clock to 5:00pm, or about six. Some of the shops in the mall is open until nine p.m. Sunday will be open from noon until six later.Banking hours are relatively short, mostly Monday to Friday nine o'clock to 3:30 pm, some banks will extend the hours until Friday 6:00 pm Saturday morning. Regardless of companies and business firms, shopping centers, schools, generally there is no lunch break. The students have the habit of taking a nap are more difficult to adapt. Everyday life in the United States, Email has become the most practical, the most common means of communication. Communication between teachers and students in school, class, and usually use it to change jobs. Schools are used Email meeting notice.Major holidays: New Y ear's, Martin Luther King Jr. Day, Presidents' Day (Commemorating U.S. President George Washington and Abraham Lincoln's birthday), National Day (Independence Day), Labor Day, Columbus Day, V eterans Day, Election Day, Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Day.Generally they are willing to entertain guests in their own homes, rather than customary dinner in a restaurant.Do not like steamed and braised dishes. Do not like too hot dishes like salt taste, avoid salty taste, slightly to the sweet side as well. Like to drink Coca-Cola, beer, ice, mineral water, whiskey, brandy and so on. Do not like the people in their own meal dish leftover food, which is considered impolite. Like China's Jiangsu, Sichuan, Cantonese cuisine.Do not put blacks in the United States called "Negro", preferably use "Black". Blacks on this call will readily accept. Negro mainly refers to trafficking to the United States from Africa as slaves’blacks. Otherwise, blacks will feel indemnity for his contempt.Understanding the Americans customs need daily accumulation. American universities or student research group often hold communicative activities or picnics, graduate had been invited. But the Chinese students often do not participate actively. In fact, this is not only an understanding of professors and students opportunity, but also a good occasion to understand American customs.If it is possible, and try to attend these activities. If you live in the United States home, there are more opportunities to exchanges with the Americans, and have a deeper understanding of the American way of life, customs, habits and values.In order to save the money, Chinese students often shared with others, many of whom are American roommate. This is also a good way to understand American culture.People often say: "do as the Romans."In fact, it is quite difficult to do. Some people suggested that Chinese students lose their cultural baggage, and adapt to the American culture, social and educational environment. Indeed, the vast majority of Chinese students to the United States, more or less have to do some cultural adjustments to adapt to the United States learning and living environment. But adapting to American culture completely, and give Chinese culture up, and may alsohave to be carefully considered. In fact, more than twenty years of the Chinese student in the United States, it is difficult to give up Chinese culture. The correct attitude is a positive awareness and understanding of Americans and American society, and do not need to give up your culture. Y ou're still a Chinese person, but an understanding of the United States, to know how to live in the United States.[Reference Materials]1、国人的性格(2012-01-04 10:23:22) 美国人尼亚加拉大瀑布夏威夷岛性格杂谈2、美国习俗礼仪：生活礼仪 2008年09月18日新浪教育美国人的生活礼仪3、美国人的生活习惯/syy/yywh/201107/22676.html。
The_American_Character_美国人的性格
The American Character 美国人的性格(Bradford Smith 布拉德福德·史密斯)摘自：英语泛读教程The following is part of an essay taken from Bradford Smith's book, Why We Behave Like Americans. Success as a goal and materialism, according to Smith, are among the underlying factors that make up the American character.以下节选自布拉德福德所著《为什么我们的举止象美国人》里的一篇文章。
据布拉德福德所说，目标为成功和物质享乐主义，构成美国人性格的内在因素。
When visitors from abroad undertake to describe the American Character, the results are frequently puzzling to Americans. "All Americans are Puritans; that's what's wrong with them," says one. "They're always thinking about enjoying themselves," says another. "They spend too much time at work," a distinguished visitor tells us. "They don't know how to play." "Americans don't know what work is, " retorts another." Their machines do it all." "American women are shameless sirens." －"No, they're prudes." "The children here are wonderful －outgoing and natural." －"Natural as little beasts. They have no manners, no respect for their elders."要是让国外来客描述美国人的性格，结果常常令美国人感到奇怪。
美国人性格英语作文
美国人性格英语作文The American character is a complex tapestry woven fromthe threads of a diverse and dynamic population. It is a character that has been shaped by the nation's history, geography, and the amalgamation of cultures that have come to call the United States home.First and foremost, Americans are known for theiroptimism and can-do attitude. This is often attributed to the country's founding principles, which emphasize individual freedom and the pursuit of happiness. Americans believe inthe power of hard work and the potential for self-improvement, a trait that has been a driving force behind the nation's innovation and progress.Another defining characteristic of the American character is its diversity. The United States is a melting pot of cultures, with people from all corners of the globecontributing to its rich social fabric. This diversity has fostered a spirit of tolerance and acceptance, although challenges to this spirit persist.The American character is also marked by a strong senseof community and volunteerism. Americans often come togetherin times of need, whether it be through local communityefforts or national initiatives. This sense of community is deeply rooted in the American ethos and is a testament to the nation's collective strength.Moreover, Americans are known for their entrepreneurial spirit. The country has a long history of innovation andrisk-taking, with many Americans embracing the opportunity to start their own businesses and pursue their dreams. This entrepreneurial mindset has contributed to the United States being a global leader in technology and business.However, it is important to acknowledge that the American character is not without its contradictions. While the nation prides itself on equality and justice, issues of social inequality and racial tension continue to be a part of the national discourse. Americans are constantly striving to reconcile these contradictions and work towards a more just and equitable society.In conclusion, the American character is multifaceted, reflecting the nation's rich history and the myriad of influences that have shaped its people. It is a characterthat is both optimistic and resilient, diverse and unified, entrepreneurial and community-driven. As the United States continues to evolve, so too will the American character, reflecting the ever-changing landscape of this unique nation.。
美国人的性格特征与商务谈判风格
美国人的性格特征与商务谈判风格[摘要] 美国人自信、外向。
美国商人谈判风格独特：干脆直爽，注重效率，积极务实。
我们应利用其性格特点，把握其谈判风格，采取相应的对策，更好地和美国商人合作。
[关键词] 美国商人商务谈判风格性格特征中国自加入WTO后，美国已成为我国的主要贸易伙伴之一。
美国人对自己的国家和民族具有强烈的自豪感和荣誉感。
美国人外露、坦率、真挚、热情、自信、追求实际利益。
因此，和美国商人进行贸易,研究和掌握其性格特点及商务谈判风格十分必要。
一、美国人的性格特点1.个人独立性。
美国人在性格上具有强烈的个人独立性。
这与美国父母从小对孩子自我独立的培养和锻炼密切相关。
大多数美国人长大后，自主选择专业、工作及人生道路。
其个人独立性主要建立在自我奋斗和能力基础上。
强烈的个人独立性同时使美国人更懂得尊重他人。
2.民族优越感。
美国的综合实力世界一流;美语是国际谈判的通用语言;美元是国际结算的首要选择。
因此，美国人将对自己国家的强烈优越感，表现为强烈的自信心。
这种自信使他们喜欢直言批评，缺乏对别人的宽容和理解。
3.竞争意识。
个人独立性形成美国人高度的竞争意识。
不过度谦虚谨慎,把握机会;不过度四平八稳,勇于开创。
有闯劲就是美国人的竞争意识。
美国人尊重工作中的合理分派及协作配合。
4.热情坦率。
美国人性格外向。
言行举止表现了其喜怒哀乐。
敢于坦率陈述己方观点，表明立场态度；敢于就不能接受的提议直言相告。
他们热情、诚挚、诙谐幽默。
5.注重对立。
美国人独立个性形成其从部分到整体的思维方法。
姓名排列、时间、空间、社会关系等，美国人遵循个体→部分→整体的原则。
倾向于将事物对立。
缺乏对事物的第三种思维方式。
二、美国商人的谈判风格1.干脆爽快，直入主题。
美国人的思维模式使其在谈判中习惯于迅速、直接地将谈判引向实质阶段，讨论具体问题。
他们语言直率，干脆，直入主题。
他们欣赏谈判对手的直言快语。
在发生纠纷时，他们态度认真、坦率、诚恳，甚至有时面红耳赤。
美国人的性格特点及其成因
美国人的性格特点及其成因美国是一个拥有多元文化的国家，这种多元性也影响了美国人的性格特点。
在本文中，我将探讨一些美国人的常见性格特点以及这些特点形成的原因。
一、独立自主：美国人被广泛认为是独立自主的。
这一特点可以追溯到美国独立战争时期，当时美国人民通过反对英国殖民统治争取独立。
这个历史事件塑造了美国人民对自由和独立的追求，使得独立自主成为他们的核心价值观。
二、自信自尊：美国人自信自尊的态度广泛存在。
美国是一个充满机会的国家，个人努力可以带来成功的信念深植于美国文化中。
此外，美国的教育体系也注重培养个体的自尊心，鼓励学生表达自己的观点和独立思考。
三、开放包容：多元文化是美国社会的特点之一，因此美国人对不同文化背景的人持开放和包容的态度。
这种多元性也使得美国人更加乐于接纳新观点和创新，以及展现出融合不同文化的能力。
四、竞争意识：美国人普遍具有竞争意识。
这可以追溯到美国的经济体系，自由市场经济鼓励竞争和自由贸易，使得竞争成为美国社会的常态。
此外，美国的教育体系也强调竞争，鼓励学生争取更好的成绩和机会。
五、乐观积极：美国人通常以乐观和积极的态度面对挑战和困难。
这与美国历史上克服困难的精神以及对未来的信心密切相关。
美国人相信他们可以通过努力和创新克服困难，实现个人和社会的进步。
六、效率至上：在美国文化中，效率被视为至高无上的价值观。
美国人注重时间管理和生产力，追求高效率的工作和生活方式。
这种效率至上的观念也影响了美国的商业和科技发展，使美国成为全球领先的经济和技术强国。
七、个人隐私：尽管美国是高度社交和开放的社会，但个人隐私的保护在美国人的价值观中占据重要地位。
个人自由和独立的意识使得美国人更加注重个人隐私权的保护，例如，个人信息的保护和私人财产的尊重。
这些性格特点的形成与美国的历史、社会制度和文化价值观紧密相关。
在美国历史上，不同种族、宗教和文化背景的移民汇聚在这个国家，融合了各自的特点，形成了美国独特的多元文化。
泛读The_American_Character翻译
要是让国外来客描述美国人的性格，结果常常令美国人感到奇怪。
一个人说：“所有的美国人都是清教徒；所以他们与众不同。
”另一个人说：“他们总是想方设法让自己开心。
”一位尊贵的客人告诉我们：“他们花在工作上的时间太多。
他们不懂如何玩乐。
”另一个人反驳说：“他们不懂什么是工作。
因为机器替他们做了一切。
”“美国女人是不知廉耻的，妖艳而危险的女人。
”--“不，她们假正经。
”“这里的孩子真好－－外向，自然。
”----“象小小的野兽一样自然。
他们没礼貌，不尊敬长辈。
”当然，世上既没有单一模式的美国人性格，也没有单一的英国人性格或土耳其人性格或是中国人性格。
个性的定义在美国变得更为复杂，因为我们有不同的种族和文化背景，因为来自世界各地连续不断的移民浪潮，因为我们区域的多样性。
个性的定义变得复杂，因为几百种不同的宗教信仰及其对各自的信奉者的影响不同。
个性的定义也由于每个人所处的年代不同而趋多样化－－第一代是移民，第二代是移民的孩子，一直照此延续下去。
强大的吸引力把众多的美国人聚集在了一起。
然而那些想再了解深入一点的人弄不懂美国人生活中各种似乎自相矛盾的东西。
的确，美国人总体上工作努力。
但他们也拼命地玩。
他们去旅游、露营、打猎、看体育比赛、喝酒、抽烟、看电影电视、读报纸杂志，花的时间和金钱比世界任何地方的人都多。
而他们还把更多的时间花在教会、社会服务、医院和各种各样的慈善活动上。
他们总是忙来忙去，又总是花更多的时间休闲。
他们十分在乎个人的权利，又习惯于墨守陈规。
他们崇拜大人物，也把小人物理想化，不论他是和大商人形成对照的小商人，还是和大权在握的人形成对照的平民百姓。
Success as a Goal 成功作为目标包括美国人在内几乎每一个人都会赞同的一点是，美国人极为看重成功。
成功不一定是物质上的回报，而是得到某种认可，最好是可以衡量的那种。
如果一个男孩后来没有从商，而是做了布道的教士，那也没什么。
但是他的教堂规模越大，教堂会众越多，别人就认为他越成功。
美国人的性格
读书笔记
佩洛西访台，今晚10点前看完这本书。
费先生不亏为社会学的大家，薄薄的一本小册子，将美国人的性格刻画的入木三分，选点准确，笔墨精炼， 即使在今天看来，仍是不过时的。
老先生是研究社会学的，把美国的问题提纲契领，主要问题主要矛盾分析得透彻，社会发展和科技发展中产 生的问题如今在中国也重新演绎了一遍，有些问题看来是通病，也是发展必经阶段，但是美国有其自身一些特殊 的问题，比如种族问题。
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8殷实之家
9新型市场 10能源危机
11电子系统 12斗智的世界
14博闻强识的电脑
13一种新的社会纽 带
15应用压倒理论
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16黑人问题
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17民族拼盘
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18美国的华人
4 19出路总是会
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20信心危机
005.4.24），江苏吴江（今苏州市吴江区）人，著名社会学家、人类学家、民族学 家、社会活动家，中国社会学和人类学的奠基人之一，第七、八届全国人民代表大会常务委员会副委员长，中国 人民政治协商会议第六届全国委员会副主席。 1928年考入东吴大学医预科，1938年获得伦敦大学经济政治学院 博士学位，1944年加入民盟，1982年被选为伦敦大学经济政治学院院士，1988年获联合国大英百科全书奖。费孝 通在其导师马林诺夫斯基指导下完成了博士论文《江村经济》，该书被誉为“人类学实地调查和理论工作发展中 的一个里程碑”，成为国际人类学界的经典之作。费孝通先后对中国黄河三角洲、长江三角洲、珠江三角洲等进 行实地调查，提出既符合当地实际，又具有全局意义的重要发展思路与具体策略。同时，开始进行一生学术工作 的总结，提出并阐述了“文化自觉”的重大命题，并出版有《行行重行行》、《学术自述与反思》、《从实求知 录》等著作，被誉为中国社会学和人类学的奠基人之一。
美国人特点英文作文
美国人特点英文作文英文回答：The American Character: A Complex Tapestry。
The American character is a multifaceted and enigmatic entity, shaped by a myriad of historical, social, and cultural influences. It is a product of both the nation's unique origins and its role as a global superpower.At its core, the American character is characterized by a profound sense of individualism. Americans are proud of their independence and their right to pursue their own aspirations. They value self-reliance and personal responsibility, and they often view government interference as a threat to their freedoms.Closely related to individualism is the American spirit of optimism. Americans are inherently optimistic about the future and believe that anything is possible through hardwork and determination. This optimism has been a driving force in the nation's history, fueling the westward expansion and the pursuit of technological innovation.Another defining characteristic of the American people is their pragmatism. Americans are practical and results-oriented. They are willing to experiment and find solutions to problems, even if it means deviating from traditional methods. This pragmatism has led to the development of many American innovations, such as the telephone, the airplane, and the personal computer.Americans are also known for their humanitarianism. They believe in the importance of giving back to society and helping those in need. This charitable spirit is reflected in the numerous non-profit organizations and volunteer groups that exist in the United States.Of course, the American character is not without its flaws. Americans can sometimes be seen as arrogant andself-centered. They may also be perceived as intolerant of other cultures and perspectives. However, these criticismsshould be balanced against the many positive qualities that define the American people.In conclusion, the American character is a complex and ever-evolving tapestry. It is a product of the nation's history, its culture, and its global role. While it is not without its flaws, the American character is also characterized by individualism, optimism, pragmatism, and humanitarianism. These qualities have shaped the nation's past and will continue to influence its future.中文回答：美国人的特点，一张复杂的挂毯。
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The American Character 美国人的性格(Bradford Smith 布拉德福德·史密斯)The following is part of an essay taken from Bradford Smith's book, Why We Behave Like Americans. Success as a goal and materialism, according to Smith, are among the underlying factors that make up the American character.以下节选自布拉德福德所著《为什么我们的举止象美国人》里的一篇文章。
据布拉德福德所说，目标为成功和物质享乐主义，构成美国人性格的内在因素。
没When visitors from abroad undertake to describe the American Character, the results are frequently puzzling to Americans. "All Americans are Puritans; that's what's wrong with them," says one. "They're always thinking about enjoying themselves," says another. "They spend too much time at work," a distinguished visitor tells us. "They don't know how to play." "Americans don't know what work is, " retorts another." Their machines do it all." "American women are shameless sirens." －"No, they're prudes." "The children here are wonderful －outgoing and natural." －"Natural as little beasts. They have no manners, no respect for their elders."要是让国外来客描述美国人的性格，结果常常令美国人感到奇怪。
一个人说：“所有的美国人都是清教徒；所以他们与众不同。
”另一个人说：“他们总是想方设法让自己开心。
”一位尊贵的客人告诉我们：“他们花在工作上的时间太多。
他们不懂如何玩乐。
”另一个人反驳说：“他们不懂什么是工作。
因为机器替他们做了一切。
”“美国女人是不知廉耻的，妖艳而危险的女人。
”--“不，她们假正经。
”“这里的孩子真好－－外向，自然。
”----“象小小的野兽一样自然。
他们没礼貌，不尊敬长辈。
”There is, of course, no single pattern of American character any more than there is a single English or Turkish or Chinese character. Personality in America is further complicated by our diverse racial and cultural origins, by successive waves of immigration from all parts of the world, by our regional diversities. It is complicated by several hundred varieties of religious belief with their varying impact on the believers. It is further diversified by the generation to which the person belongs －first generation immigrant, second generation child of immigrants, and on down the line.当然，世上既没有单一模式的美国人性格，也没有单一的英国人性格或土耳其人性格或是中国人性格。
个性的定义在美国变得更为复杂，因为我们有不同的种族和文化背景，因为来自世界各地连续不断的移民浪潮，因为我们区域的多样性。
个性的定义变得复杂，因为几百种不同的宗教信仰及其对各自的信奉者的影响不同。
个性的定义也由于每个人所处的年代不同而趋多样化－－第一代是移民，第二代是移民的孩子，一直照此延续下去。
The temptation is strong to lump all Americans together. Yet those who look a little deeper are puzzled by the seeming contradictions in American life. It is true that Americans as a whole work hard. But they also play hard. They spend more time and money in traveling, camping, hunting, watching sports, drinking, smoking, going to movies, watching television and reading newspapers and magazines than any other people in the world. Yet they also spend more money on churches, social services, hospitals and all kinds of charities. They are always in a hurry, yet they spend more time relaxing. They are at the same time sensitive to the rights of the individual and habitual conformist. They worship bigness yet idealize the little man, whether he be the small business man as opposed to thebig one or the plain citizen as opposed to the big wheel.强大的吸引力把众多的美国人聚集在了一起。
然而那些想再了解深入一点的人弄不懂美国人生活中各种似乎自相矛盾的东西。
的确，美国人总体上工作努力。
但他们也拼命地玩。
他们去旅游、露营、打猎、看体育比赛、喝酒、抽烟、看电影电视、读报纸杂志，花的时间和金钱比世界任何地方的人都多。
而他们还把更多的时间花在教会、社会服务、医院和各种各样的慈善活动上。
他们总是忙来忙去，又总是花更多的时间休闲。
他们十分在乎个人的权利，又习惯于墨守陈规。
他们崇拜大人物，也把小人物理想化，不论他是和大商人形成对照的小商人，还是和大权在握的人形成对照的平民百姓。
Success as a Goal 成功作为目标One thing almost everyone is agreed on, including Americans, is that they place a very high valuation upon success. Success does not necessarily mean material rewards, but recognition of some sort －preferably measurable. If the boy turns out to be a preacher instead of a business man, that's all right. But the bigger his church and congregation, the more successful he is judged to be.包括美国人在内几乎每一个人都会赞同的一点是，美国人极为看重成功。
成功不一定是物质上的回报，而是得到某种认可，最好是可以衡量的那种。
如果一个男孩后来没有从商，而是做了布道的教士，那也没什么。
但是他的教堂规模越大，教堂会众越多，别人就认为他越成功。
A good many things contributed to this accent on success. There was the Puritan belief in the virtue of work, both for its own sake and because the rewards it brought were regarded as signs of God's love. There was the richness of opportunity in a land waiting to be settled. There was the lack of a settled society with fixed ranks and classes, so that a man was certain to rise through achievement.好多事情都说明，成功是美国人生活的重点。
清教徒相信工作带来的好处，既有工作本身的乐趣，还因为工作的回报是上帝之爱的体现。
一片富饶的土地到处都是机遇，等待着人们到来。
在一个不固守陈规的社会，没有严格的等级和阶级，这样人就一定能通过成功提升自己的社会地位。
There was the determination of the immigrant to gain in the new world what had been denied to him in the old, and the part of his children an urge to throw off the immigrant onus by still more success and still more rise in a fluid, classless society. Brothers did not compete within the family for the favor of the parents as in Europe, but strove for success in the outer world, along paths of their own choosing.凡是旧的世界拒绝给的，移民决心都要在新的世界得到。