生成语言学与认知语言学的比较

生成语言学与认知语言学的比较The Comparison between the Generative Linguistics and Cognitive Linguistics姓名黄秋娟班级英语09-4AbstractIn the present fields of linguistics studies, the generative linguistics and the cognitive linguistics have occupied prominent positions. They form the different view points on language. Then they put forward the different research goals and research methods. However, the generative linguistics and the cognitive linguistics are not different completely. They also have something in common from the above perspectives. According to this clue, the article makes the comparison between them.Key words: cognitive linguistics ; generative linguistics ; taskof linguist; research methodIntroductionIn 1957, a book of Chomsky, the Syntax Structure, was published, which announced the coming ofAt the same time, cognitive linguistics put forward new, challenging point of views when compared with the generative linguistics. No matter how complex they are, there are two aspects which should not be neglected. One is the task of the linguists, the other is the research methods.Chapter1 T ask of Linguists1.1The Task of Generative Linguistics LinguistsGenerative linguistics distinguishes competence and performance, and focuses on the former one. They hold the opinion that the task of linguistics is studying the competence of speaker. The representative, Chomsky, hold the opinion that linguists ‘s object of study is the idealized speaker s’language, that is the language which fully meets the grammar rules. Because language is an independent sign system, linguists should ignore complex context factor, focus on the study of language itself, especiallysyntactic. This decides that an important task of linguists is to find common phenomenon of all languages through researching one grammar and to establish common rules shared by all human languages ----universal grammar. Therefore, linguists don't have to master avariety of languages, and don't need to make any comparative study. As long as summarize a kind of language s’ generative rul es, you can understand all language s’ common rules.In short, for generative linguistics, linguists should answer the question what the language structure is and what rules the structure based on when it transforms.1.2The Task of Cognitive Linguistics LinguistsCognitive linguistics emphasizes the language use based on human experience,However, cognitive linguistics and generative linguistics have something in common in research ideas, research objects and research targets. As for the research ideas, both study human mind, that is, people's thinking process and cognitive strategies, and both are believed to understand human mind through the study of the language; In the research object, either language ability or mental study, is not the research of specific language use, but research internal ability to produces language. In the research targets, both target on exploring universal human language mechanism hidden in the brain , so as to make appropriate description and explanation for human language structure.Chapter2 Research Method2.1 The Research Method of Generative LinguisticsLinguistsGenerative linguistics linguists emphasize mathematical logic, Chomsky proposed regular grammar, and spoke highly of Humboldt’s idea that language is2.2 The Research Method of Cognitive LinguisticsCognitive linguistics and biology closely connected, because the details of the brain nerve network and psychological cognitive process is unknown. The only way of study is observing all kinds of language phenomenon, analyzing of the corpus. And finally, conclude based on observing language phenomenon. There are several important theoretical methods: Frame Semantics, Cognitive Grammar, Cognitive Semantics, Construction Grammar, and Mental Space.But, the research methods still have something in common. For cognitive linguistics, the analysis of the language phenomenon is from abstract theory model framework to specific language system, so the method is the deduction. Therefore generate linguistics andcognitive linguistics both use the deductive method of nature science.ConclusionThis paper aims at making comparison between the generative linguistics and cognitive linguistics. They should learn from each other in the direction of the research ideas and methods, in order to jointly promote the development of language research.Bibliography[1] Chomsky, Noam, 1957, Syntactic Structures [M]. The Hague: Mouton & Co.[2] Chomsky, Noam, 1965, Aspects of the Theory of Syntax [M]. Cambridge (Mass.): MIT Press.[3] Chomsky, Noam, 1966, Cartesian Linguistics: A Chapter in the History of Rationalist Thought. [M]. New York: Harper & Row.[4] F.Ungerer & H.J.Sehmid, 2003, An Introduction to Cognitive Linguistics [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching andResearch.[5] Pinker S, 1944, The Language Instinct, How the Mind Creates Language? [M]. Harper-Collins Publishers Inc. New York.[6] Taylor, J. R., 1989, Linguistics Categorization: Prototypesin Linguistics Theory. [M]. Oxford: Clarendon Press.。