Assignment 02

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Homework 2(A)

Homework 2(A)

Macroeconomics Homework Assignment2Due on Oct16,Week71.(25marks)Suppose that the money demand function takes the form(M/P)d=L(i,Y)=Y 5i(a)If output grows at rate g,at what rate will the demand for real balances grow (assuming constant nominal interest rates)?(b)What is the velocity of money in this economy?(c)If inflation and nominal interest rates are constant,at what rate,if any,will velocity grow?(d)How will a permanent(once-and-for-all)increase in the level of interest rates affect the level of velocity?How will it affect the subsequent growth rate of velocity?Answers:(a)(6marks)If output Y grows at rate g,then real money balances(M/P)d must also grow at rate g,given that the nominal interest rate i is a constant.(b)(7marks)According to the quantity equation MV=P Y,the velocity ofmoney:V=YM/P=YY/5i=5i.(c)(6marks)If the nominal interest rate is constant,then the velocity of money must be constant.(d)(6marks)A one-time increase in the nominal interest rate will cause a one-time increase in the velocity of money.There will be no further changes in the velocity of money.2.(25marks)Suppose that consumption depends on the level of real money balances(on the grounds that real money balances are part of wealth).Show that if real money balances depend on the nominal interest rate,then an increase in the rate of money growth affects consumption,investment,and the real interest rate. Does the nominal interest rate adjust more than one-for-one or less than one-for-one to expected inflation?This deviation from the classical dichotomy and the Fisher effect is called the Mundell-Tobin effect.How might you decide whether the Mundell-Tobin effect is important in practice?Answers:An increase in the rate of money growth leads to an increase in the rate of inflation.Inflation,in turn,causes the nominal interest rate to rise,which means1Macroeconomics Homework Assignment2Due on Oct16,Week7 that the opportunity cost of holding money increases.As a result,real money balances fall.Since money is part of wealth,real wealth also falls.A fall in wealth reduces consumption,and,therefore,increases saving.The increase in saving leads to a rightward shift of the saving schedule,as in Figure2.This leads to a lower real interest rate and an increase in the level of investment.Figure2The classical dichotomy states that a change in a nominal variable such as inflation does not affect real variables.In this case,the classical dichotomy does not hold;the increase in the rate of inflation leads to a decrease in the real interest rate.The Fisher effect states that i=r+π.In this case,since the real interest rate r falls,a1percent increase in inflation increases the nominal interest rate i by less than1percent.Most economists believe that this Mundell-Tobin effect is not important be-cause real money balances are a small fraction of wealth.Hence,the impact on saving as illustrated in Figure2is small.3.(25marks)Use the model of the small open economy and drawfigures to predict what would happen to the trade balance,the real exchange rate,and the nominal exchange rate in response to each of the following events.(a)A fall in consumer confidence about the future induces consumers to spend less and save more.(b)The introduction of a stylish line of Toyotas makes some consumers prefer foreign cars over domestic cars.2Macroeconomics Homework Assignment2Due on Oct16,Week7(c)The introduction of automatic teller machines(ATM)reduces the demand for money.Answers:(a)(8marks)An increase in saving shifts the(S−I)schedule to the right, increasing the supply of dollars available to be invested abroad,as in Figure3(a). The increased supply of dollars causes the equilibrium real exchange rate to fall fromϵ1toϵ2.Because the dollar becomes less valuable,domestic goods become less expensive relative to foreign goods,so exports rise and imports fall.This means that the trade balance increases.The nominal exchange rate falls following the movement of the real exchange rate,because prices do not change in response to this shock.Figure3(a)(b)(8marks)The introduction of a stylish line of Toyotas that makes some consumers prefer foreign cars over domestic cars has no effect on saving or invest-ment,but it shifts the NX(ϵ)schedule inward,as in Figure3(b).The trade balance does not change,but the real exchange rate falls fromϵ1toϵ2.Because prices are not affected,the nominal exchange rate follows the real exchange rate.3Macroeconomics Homework Assignment2Due on Oct16,Week7Figure3(b)(c)(9marks)In the model we considered in this lecture,the introduction of ATMs has no effect on any real variables.The amounts of capital and labor de-termine output¯Y.The world interest rate r determines investment I(r∗).The dif-ference between domestic saving and domestic investment(S−I)determines net exports.Finally,the intersection of the NX(ϵ)schedule and the(S−I)schedule determines the real exchange rate,as in Figure3(c).Figure3(c)The introduction of ATMs,by reducing money demand,does affect the nom-inal exchange rate through its effect on the velocity and hence the domestic price4Macroeconomics Homework Assignment2Due on Oct16,Week7 level.The price level adjusts to equilibrate the demand and supply of real balances, so that M/P=(M/P)d.If M isfixed,then a fall in(M/P)d causes an increase in the price level:this reduces the supply of real balances M/P and restores equilibrium in the money market.Now recall the formula for the nominal exchange rate:e=ϵ(P∗/P).We know that the real exchange rate remains constant,and we assume that the foreign price level P∗isfixed.When the domestic price level P increases,the nominal exchange rate e depreciates.4.(25marks)You read in a newspaper that the nominal interest rate is12 percent per year in Canada and8percent per year in the United States.Suppose that the real interest rates are equalized in the two countries and that purchasing-power parity holds.(a)Using the Fisher equation(discussed in Chapter4),what can you infer about expected inflation in Canada and in the United States?(b)What can you infer about the expected change in the exchange rate between the Canadian dollar and the U.S.dollar?(c)A friend proposes a get-rich-quick scheme:borrow from a U.S.bank at8 percent,deposit the money in a Canadian bank at12percent,and make a4percent profit.Whats wrong with this scheme?Answers:(a)(8marks)According to the Fisher equation i=r+πe,the expected inflation rates in US and Canada are:πe Can=12−r;πe US=8−r.Since the real interest rate r is the same in both countries,we have:πe Can−πe US=4.(b)(8marks)The nominal exchange rate is e=ϵ×(P Can/P US),thus we can write the change in nominal exchange rate as:%change in e=%change inϵ+(πCan−πUS).If purchasing-power parity holds,then a dollar must have the same purchas-ing power in every country.This implies that the percent change in the real ex-change rateϵis zero because purchasing-power parity implies that the real ex-change rate isfixed.Thus,changes in the nominal exchange rate result from differ-ences in the inflation rates in the United States and Canada.Because people know5Macroeconomics Homework Assignment2Due on Oct16,Week7 that purchasing-power parity holds,they expect this relationship to hold.In other words,the expected change in the nominal exchange rate equals the expected in-flation rate in Canada minus the expected inflation rate in the United States,which according to part(a),is4percent.Expected%change in e=(πCan−πUS)=4.(c)(9marks)The problem with this scheme is that it does not take into account the change in the nominal exchange rate e between the U.S.and Canadian dol-lars.Given that the real interest rate isfixed and identical in the United States and Canada,and given purchasing-power parity,we know that the difference in nom-inal interest rates accounts for the expected change in the nominal exchange rate between U.S.and Canadian dollars.In this example,the Canadian nominal inter-est rate is12percent,while the U.S.nominal interest rate is8percent.We con-clude from this that the expected change in the nominal exchange rate is4percent. Therefore,e this year=1C$/US$;e next year=1.04C$/US$.Assume that your friend borrows1U.S.dollar from an American bank at8 percent,exchanges it for1Canadian dollar,and puts it in a Canadian Bank.At the end of the year your friend will have$1.12in Canadian dollars.But to repay the American bank,the Canadian dollars must be converted back into U.S.dollars. The$1.12(Canadian)becomes$1.08(American),which is the amount owed to the U.S.bank.So in the end,your friend breaks even.In fact,after paying for transaction costs,your friend loses money.6。

assignment editor语法

assignment editor语法

assignment editor语法(原创实用版)目录1.Assignment editor 的定义和作用2.Assignment editor 的语法规则3.Assignment editor 的实际应用案例正文一、Assignment editor 的定义和作用Assignment editor,即任务分配编辑器,是一种在计算机编程中用于管理任务分配的高级工具。

它的主要作用是将任务分配给不同的编辑器或者用户,以便于对任务进行高效地管理和处理。

通过使用 assignment editor,可以方便地查看、修改和分配任务,从而提高工作效率。

二、Assignment editor 的语法规则Assignment editor 的语法规则相对简单,主要包含以下几个部分:1.任务定义:使用"task"关键字定义一个任务,后面可以跟任务的具体信息,如任务名称、描述、优先级等。

例如:`task task1 { name = "编辑文章"; description = "编辑一篇文章"; priority = high; }`2.任务分配:使用"assign"关键字将任务分配给指定的编辑器或用户。

例如:`assign task1 to editor1;`3.任务查看:使用"list"关键字查看当前所有的任务。

例如:`list tasks;`4.任务修改:可以使用"update"关键字修改任务的具体信息。

例如:`update task1 { name = "编辑文章 A"; description = "编辑一篇文章A"; priority = medium; }`5.任务删除:使用"delete"关键字删除指定的任务。

例如:`delete task1;`三、Assignment editor 的实际应用案例下面是一个关于使用 assignment editor 进行任务分配的实际案例:假设一个编辑部门有 3 个编辑器,他们分别负责编辑不同类型的文章。

英文assignment写法

英文assignment写法

英文Assignment的写作细节(别说留学生天天就是花天酒地的玩,我们比你们要辛苦)来源:王嘉煊Sylvia的日志我们的assignment通常分为两种形式,一是essay,一是report。

二者在形式上有所差别,但大体相同。

一篇assignment上面会对写成essay还是report格式作出明确要求。

在阅读题目时,请尽量仔细相同点:1、字体:Times New Roman,字号:小四,行距:1.5倍。

请有写作之前就把这些格式调好,以避免写好后再调会出现一些意想不到的情况。

2、段与段之间隔行。

每段不要求像中文写作那样空两格,而是直接顶格写。

下面还有一些相同点,我在两种文体分开讨论时,再涉及。

区别:Essay:Essay的写作相对report要简单一些。

通常只包括三个部分,Introduction, Main Body, Conclusion. Introduction 包括topic的背景介绍和文章要解决的主要问题。

一般占总字数的10%左右。

Main Body是主体部分,占总字数80%左右。

如果题目中作了具体要求,就根据题目提到的几个方面来逐一讨论就可以了。

有的题目没有作具体要求,就根据自己的构思来写。

但要求有逻辑性。

Conclusion也是占10%,在这一段里把文章中的主要观点用一到两句话概括出来。

Essay 可以不写题目,不要把小标题加粗。

Reference的写作是两种形式都要涉及的,我放在最后来详细说。

Report:它的写法大体上和essay差不多,但要求要严格一些。

第一:标题页:包括标题和executive summary. 在Executive summary中是对文章的摘要。

这个大家都知道怎么写我就不多说了。

这两个东西一般是单独占一页第二:主体部分。

Report的主体部分,前三个和essay差不多,只是在conclusion后还有一部分就是recommendations.是对提出的问题的建议。

assignment-2(附答案)

assignment-2(附答案)

====Word行业资料分享--可编辑版本--双击可删====Passage 1 (TAP, Translation Journal)Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be; rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence, and manipulating others. They are aware that there is a difference between being loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask. Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge. They can separate facts from opinions and don’t pretend to have all the answers. They listen to others, evaluate what they say, but come to their own conclusions. Although winners can adore and respect other people, they are not totally defined, demolished, bound, or awed by them.Winners do not play “helpless”, nor do they play the blaming game. Instead, they assume responsibility for their own lives.成功者不会穷其毕生之精力,执着于自我之臆想。

Assignment(02)

Assignment(02)
运用差值法,(i-10%)/(26-25.098)=(10%-9%)/(25.098-27.942),i=9.68%
股票预期收益率是9.68%
=520
2700*(1-80%)-2700*50%*2%=513信来自成本平均收账期60
90
60*50%+180*50%=120
维持赊销业务所需资金
2400/360*60*80%=320
2600/360*90*80%=520
2700/360*120*80%=720
应收账款机会成本
320*15%=48
520*15%=78
720*15%=108
坏账损失
2400*2%=48
2600*2.5%=65
2700*3%=81
收账费用
40
20
10
信用成本后的收益
344
357
314
因此,应采纳甲方案。
题目
解:第一年股利=2*(1+8%)=2.16
第二年股利=2.16*(1+8%)=2.333
第三年股利=2.3328*(1+10%)=2.566
管理学作业答题纸
公司财务管理作业02(第5-9单元)答题纸
学籍号:
姓名:分数:
学习中心:
专业:_ _________
本次作业满分为100分。请将每道题的答案写在对应题目下方的横线上。
题目
解:
项目
现行收账政策
方案甲
方案乙
销售额
2400
2600
2700
信用成本前的收益
2400*(1-80%)=480
2600*(1-80%)
第四年股利=2.566
……

跨国公司(02次作业)A Assignment(02)

跨国公司(02次作业)A Assignment(02)

第1页(共5页)
管理学作业答题纸
跨国公司作业02(第5-8单元)答题纸
学籍号:姓名:分数:
专业: ___工商管理_________________ 学习中心:北京外国语大学总部学习中

本次作业满分为100分。

请将每道题的答案写在对应题目下方的横线上。

题目1 [50 分]
(1)跨国并购方式日益受到企业国际扩张的青睐,造成这种现象的原因既有并购自身的优点,也有客观环境原因,请简要分析前者。

(出自第八单元)
并购方式自身的优点:
比新建式投资减少竞争对手,限制竞争可以获得并购对象有价值的战略资产可能涉及风险较小,因为并购对象正在产生收入和利润领先于竞争对手进入市场实施速度快
第2页(共5页)
第3页(共5页)
题目2 [50 分] (2)结合实践,分析跨国公司在发展中国家如何应对知识产权保护问题?(出自第六单元)
(1)法律途径
• 提起诉讼,但是,有可能会遇到该国法律不完善,或者执行机制不完善的问题(2)避开知识产权保护不力的地区
• 该地区有可能是非常大的潜在市场,避开,意味着对公司非常大的损失
(3)游说当地政府
• 请求本国政府向东道国政府施加压力,要求当地政府严格实施知识产权保护
第4页(共5页)(4)技术手段
• 技术上可以做一些防范,防止被盗用
(5)与当地政府或者企业进行合作
• 利益共享,共同应对违反知识产权保护法的不法行为
第5页(共5页)。

Assignment02商业银行经营管理

Assignment02商业银行经营管理

. .. ..管理学作业答题纸商业银行经营管理 02次作业(第5-8单元)答题纸学籍号::分数:学习中心:弘成教育学习中心专业: ___金融学________本次作业满分为100分。

请将每道题的答案写在对应题目下方的横线上。

(1)有关商业银行的经营管理理论在不断发展中,请对关于商业银行的资产负债管理理论的基本发展进行介绍。

(出自第七单元)(2)如果你在一家商业银行的信贷部门工作,你会怎样对你面对的潜在公司客户进行分析?(出自第五单元题目1 [50 分]1)有关商业银行的经营管理理论在不断发展中,请对关于商业银行的资产负债管理理论的基本发展进行介绍。

(出自第七单元)1、资产管理理论——20世纪40年代。

主要研究如何把筹集到的资产恰当地分配到现金资产、证券投资、贷款和固定资产等不同资产上。

商业银行的资产管理理论一资产管理为核心,早在十七八世纪,资产管理就成为商业银行管理遵循的原则。

商业银行资产管理理论历史上依次经历了由商业贷款理论向资产转移理论和预期收入理论发展的演变过程。

. ... .c. .. ..⑴商业贷款理论商业贷款理论是早期的资产管理理论,源于亚当斯密的《国名财富性质原因的研究》一书。

基本观点:存款是银行贷款资金的主要来源,而银行存款的大多数是活期存款,这种存款随时可能被提取,为了保证资金的流动性,商业银行只能发放短期的与商业周转有关的、与生产物资储备相适应的有偿性贷款,而不能发放不动产等长期贷款。

银行贷款应该以商业行为为基础,以商业票据为凭证。

局限性:①这种带有自偿特征的放款理论,不能满足经济发展对银行长期资金的需求,也限制了银行自身的发展;②忽视了银行存款的相对稳定性,没有充分利用长期负债;③忽视短期贷款的风险性,且使银行的发展受制于经济周期及其带来的风险。

. ... .c. .. ..⑵资产转移理论亦称为可转换理论,最早由美国的莫尔顿于1918年在《政治经济学杂志》上发表的一篇论文中提出。

5-02 指派问题

5-02 指派问题
i j
例 求下表所示效率矩阵的指派问题的最小解。 表
任 务 人员 甲 乙 丙 丁 戊 A 12 8 7 15 4 B 7 9 17 14 10 C 9 6 12 6 7 D 7 6 14 6 10 E 9 6 9 10 9

按上述第一步,将这系数矩阵进行变换。
min 12 7 9 7 9 7 5 0 2 0 8 9 6 6 6 6 2 3 0 0 7 17 12 14 9 7 0 10 5 7 15 14 6 6 10 6 9 8 0 0 4 10 7 10 9 4 0 6 3 6 2 0 2 4 5
• 经第一步变换后,系数矩阵中每行每列都已有 了0元素;但需找出n个独立的0元素。若能找 出,就以这些独立0元素对应解矩阵(xij)中的 元素为1,其余为0,这就得到最优解。当n较 小时,可用观察法、试探法去找出n个独立0元 素。若n较大时,就必须按一定的步骤去找, 常用的步骤为:
• (1) 从只有一个0元素的行(列)开始,给这个0 元素加圈,记作◎。这表示对这行所代表的人, 只有一种任务可指派。然后划去◎所在列(行) 的其他0元素,记作Φ 。这表示这列所代表的 任务已指派完,不必再考虑别人了。 • (2) 给只有一个0元素列(行)的0元素加圈,记 作◎;然后划去◎所在行的0元素,记作Φ 。 • (3) 反复进行(1),(2)两步,直到所有0元素 都被圈出和划掉为止。
• 令这直线数为l。若l<n,说明必须再变 换当前的系数矩阵,才能找到n个独立的 0元素,为此转第四步:若 l=n ,而 m<n , 应回到第二步(4),另行试探。 • 在上例中,对矩阵①按以下次序进行: • 先在第五行旁打√,接着可判断应在第1 列下打√,接着在第3行旁打√。经检查 不再能打√了。对没有打√行,画一直 线以覆盖0元素,已打√的列画一直线以 覆盖0元素。得
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管理学作业答题纸
证券投资 02次作业(第5-8单元)答题纸
学籍号:
姓名: __ _____
学习中心:___弘成教育南京学习中心
分 数:
班级: _____金融学________批改老师:
本次作业满分为100分。

请将每道题的答案写在对应题目下方的横线上。

(1) 简述期权和期权的交易方式(出自第五单元)(2) 一般股票交易费用。

(出自第八单元)
题目1 [50 分]
一、期权的含义:又称选择权,指它的持有者(购买者)在规定的期限内按交易双方商定的价格购买或出售一定数量某种资产的权利。

2、 期权的交易方式
(1) 买进看涨期权:
若交易者买进看涨期权,之后市场价格果然上涨,且升至执行价格之上,则交易者可执行期权从而获利。

(2) 买进看跌期权:
若交易者买进看跌期权,之后市场价格果然下跌,且升至执行价格之下,则交易者可执行期权从而获利(3)卖出看涨期权:
若交易者卖出看涨期权,在到期日之前没能升至执行价格之上,则作为看涨期权的买方将会放弃期权,而看涨期权的卖方就会取得期权费的收入。

(4)卖出看跌期权:
若交易者卖出看跌期权,在到期日之前没能跌至执行价格之下,则作为看跌期权的买方将会放弃期权,而看跌期权的卖方就会取得期权费的收入。

题目2 [50 分]
我国的证券投资者在委托买卖证券时应支付各种费用和税收,这些费用按收取机构可分为证券商费用、交易场所费用和国家税收。

目前,投资者在我国券商交易上交所和深交所挂牌的A股、基金、债券时,需交纳的各项费用主要有:委托费、佣金、印花税、过户费等。

委托费:这笔费用主要用于支付通讯等方面的开支。

一般按笔计算,交易上海股票、基金时,上海本地券商按每笔1元收费,异地券商按每笔5元收费;交易深圳股票、基金时,券商按1元收费。

佣金:这是投资者在委托买卖成交后所需支付给券商的费用。

上海股票、基金及深圳股票均按实际成交金额的千分之一向券商支付,上海股票、深圳股票成交佣金起点为5元;债券交易佣金收取最高不超过实际成交金额的千分之二,大宗交易可适当降低。

印花税:投资者在卖出成交后支付给财税部门的税收。

上海股票及深圳股票均按实际成交金额的千分之一支付,此税收由券商代扣后由交易所统一代缴。

债券与基金交易均免交此项税收。

转托管费:这是办理深圳股票、基金转托管业务时所支付的费用。

此费用按户计算,每户办理转托管时需向转出方券商支付30元。

股票交易手续费的重要性
佣金是可变的系数,佣金的高低在一定程度上,影响到您的交易成
本。

佣金的重要性,见下表,以股票为例
• 2、假如您资金量为10万元,每月交易20次,佣金为0.1%、。

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